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Wikipedia

Oberlin College

January 20, 2023

Not to be confused with J. F. Oberlin University.

Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio. It is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world.[5] The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States.[6] In 1835, Oberlin became one of the first colleges in the United States to admit African Americans, and in 1837 the first to admit women[7] (other than Franklin College's brief experiment in the 1780s[8]). It has been known since its founding for progressive student activism.[9]

Oberlin College
Former names
Oberlin Collegiate Institute
(1833–1864)
MottoLearning and Labor
TypePrivate liberal arts college
EstablishedSeptember 2, 1833; 189 years ago (1833-09-02)
Academic affiliations
Endowment$1.09 billion (2021)[2]
PresidentCarmen Twillie Ambar
Academic staff
327 (2017)[3]
Students2,785 (2019)[3]
Location
Oberlin, Ohio
,
U.S.

41°17′35″N 82°13′18″W / 41.29306°N 82.22167°W / 41.29306; -82.22167Coordinates: 41°17′35″N 82°13′18″W / 41.29306°N 82.22167°W / 41.29306; -82.22167
CampusSuburban
Colors    Red & gold[4]
NicknameYeomen / Yeowomen
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III – NCAC
Websitewww.oberlin.edu

The College of Arts & Sciences offers more than 50 majors, minors, and concentrations. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium. Since its founding, Oberlin has graduated 16 Rhodes Scholars, 20 Truman Scholars, 12 MacArthur fellows, four Rome Prize winners, seven Pulitzer Prize winners, and four Nobel laureates.[10]

History

Oberlin College was preceded by Oberlin Institute, founded in 1833. The college's founders wrote voluminously and featured prominently in the press, especially the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, in which the name Oberlin occurred 352 times by 1865. Original documents and correspondence survive and are readily available. There is a "wealth of primary documents and scholarly works".[11]: 346  Robert Samuel Fletcher (class of 1920) published a history in 1943 that is a landmark and the point of departure of all subsequent studies of Oberlin's history.[12]: 20–21  His disciple Geoffrey Blodgett (1953) continued Fletcher's work.

Founding

 
Partial View Oberlin by H. Alonzo Pease, 1838

"'Oberlin' was an idea before it was a place."[13]: 12  It began in revelation and dreams: Yankees' motivation to emigrate west, attempting perfection in God's eyes, "educating a missionary army of Christian soldiers to save the world and inaugurate God's government on earth, and the radical notion that slavery was America's most horrendous sin that should be instantly repented of and immediately brought to an end."[13]: 12  Its immediate background was the wave of Christian revivals in western New York State, in which Charles Finney was very much involved. "Oberlin was the offspring of the revivals of 1830, '31, and '32."[14]: 12  Oberlin founder John Jay Shipherd was an admirer of Finney, and visited him in Rochester, New York, when en route to Ohio for the first time. Finney invited Shipherd to stay with him as an assistant, but Shipherd "felt that he had his own important part to play in bringing on the millennium, God's triumphant reign on Earth. Finney's desires were one thing, but Shipherd believed that the Lord's work for him lay farther west." Shipherd attempted to convince Finney to accompany him west, which he did in 1835.[15]: 13–14 

Oberlin was to be a pious, simple-living community in a sparsely populated area, of which the school, training ministers and missionaries, would be the centerpiece. The Oberlin Collegiate Institute was founded in 1833 by Shipherd and another Presbyterian minister, Philo Stewart,[16] "formerly a missionary among the Cherokees in Mississippi, and at that time residing in Mr. Shipherd's family,"[17]: Int. 37  who was studying Divinity with Shipherd.[18]: 281  The institute was built on 500 acres (2.0 km2) of land donated by Titus Street, founder of Streetsboro, Ohio, and Samuel Hughes,[19]: 91, 94  who lived in Connecticut. Shipherd and Stewert named their project after Alsatian minister Jean-Frédéric Oberlin, about whom a book had just been published,[20] which Stewart was reading to Shipherd.[18]: 281  Oberlin had brought social Christianity to an isolated region of France, just as they hoped to bring to the remote Western Reserve region of northeastern Ohio.

 
The college was named after a prominent minister, J. F. Oberlin.

Their vision was:

A community of Christian families with a Christian school which should be "a center of religious influence and power which should work mightily upon the surrounding country and the world — a sort of missionary institution for training laborers for the work abroad" — the school to be conducted on the manual labor system, and to be open to both young men and young women. It was not proposed to establish a college but simply an academy for instruction in English and useful languages; and, if providence should favor it, in "practical Theology". In accordance with this plan the corporate name, "Oberlin College Institute"[,] was chosen.[21]: 385 

Oberlin was very much a part of the Utopian perfectionist enthusiasm that swept the country in the 1830s. "Shipherd came close to being a Christian communist, and as he traveled about the country signing up recruits for the Oberlin colony, he carried with him a copy of the Oberlin covenant, which each colonist was required to sign."[15]: 12 

The Oberlin covenant is a fascinating document. It has strong communal overtones, though, in the end, private property is allowed. It is very keen on plain, straight living—no smoking, no chewing [tobacco], no coffee or tea; jewelry and tight dresses are explicitly renounced, as are fancy houses, furniture, and carriages. But the main thrust of the covenant is clearly toward missionary education to save a perishing world.[15]: 11–12 

The terms of the Oberlin covenant, as summarized by Shipherd, were:

Each member of the colony shall consider himself a steward of the Lord, & hold only so much property as he can advantageously manage for the Lord. Everyone, regardless of worldly maxims, shall return to Gospel simplicity of dress, diet, houses, and furniture, all appertaining to him, & be industrious & economical with the view of earning & saving as much as possible, not to hoard up for old age, & for children, but to glorify God in the salvation of men: And that no one need to be tempted to hoard up, the colonists (as members of one body, of which Christ is the head), mutually pledge that they will provide in all respects for the widowed, orphan, & all the needy as well as for themselves & households.[15]: 16 

Predecessor: The Oneida Institute

Further information: Oneida Institute

With the noble exception of the Oneida Institute in the state of New York, which, in the midst of persecution, has stood erect and preeminently true to the slave, mighty in its free testimony, and terrible to the oppressor, the Institution of Oberlin is the only one in the United States in which the black and colored student finds a home, where he is fully and joyously regarded as a man and a brother.[22]

The Lane Rebels are commonly mentioned in the early history of Oberlin.[23] These original Oberlin students, who had little to do with Lane other than walking out on it, were carrying on a tradition that began at the Oneida Institute of Science and Industry, in Oneida County, New York, near Utica. Oneida was "a hotbed of anti-slavery activity,"[24]: 44  "abolitionist to the core, more so than any other American college."[24]: 46  A fundraising trip to England sought funds for both colleges.[25] Oberlin's antislavery activities supplanted those of Oneida, which fell on hard times and closed in 1843. Funding previously provided by the philanthropist brothers Lewis and Arthur Tappan was transferred to Oberlin.

Oneida was founded by George Washington Gale, of whom Oberlin President Charles Grandison Finney was a disciple. The institute's second and final President, Beriah Green, moved to Oneida after he proved too abolitionist for Western Reserve College, Oberlin's early competitor in the Ohio Western Reserve.

The Lane Rebels enroll at Oberlin

When the Oberlin Collegiate Institute was formed in 1833 the founders did not anticipate including black Americans in the student body. Additionally, the slavery question did not play any part in the college's or colony's establishment. Such matters arose only when Oberlin's trustees agreed to admit the Lane Seminary Rebels from Cincinnati to Oberlin. The Lane Rebels collectively demanded that students at the seminary have the right to freely debate antislavery issues, and that the seminary's faculty members manage the affairs of the institution.[26]: 20 

The charismatic Theodore Dwight Weld, after three years (1827–1830) studying with Gale at Oneida, was hired by the new Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions, a project of the Tappans. (By "literary institutions" what is meant is non-religious schools, as in "In every literary institution there are a number of hours daily, in which nothing is required of the student."[27]: 40 ) He was charged with finding a site for "a great national manual labor institution where training for the Western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men who had dedicated their lives to the home missionary cause in the vast valley of the Mississippi."[19]: 43  By coincidence, the administrators of new and barely-functioning Lane Seminary, a manual labor school located just outside Cincinnati, were looking for students. Weld visited Cincinnati in 1832, determined that the school would do, got the approval of the Tappans, and by providing recommendations to them took over as de facto head of the Seminary, to the point of choosing the president (Lyman Beecher, after Finney turned it down) and telling the trustees whom to hire.[19]: 54  He organized and led a group exodus of Oneida students, and others from upstate New York, to come to Lane. "Lane was Oneida moved west."[19]: 55 

This coincided with the emergence of "immediatism": the call for immediate and uncompensated freeing of all slaves, which at the time was a radical idea, and the rejection of "colonization", sending freed slaves to Africa by the American Colonization Society. "The anti-slavery and the colonization questions had become exciting ones throughout the whole country, and the students deemed it to be their duty thoroughly to examine them, in view of their bearing upon their future responsibilities as ministers of the gospel."[28]: 226  Shortly after their arrival at Lane, the Oneida contingent held a lengthy, well-publicized series of debates, over 18 days during February 1834, on the topic of abolition versus colonization, concluding with the endorsement of the former and rejection of the latter. (Although announced as debate, no one spoke in favor of colonization on any of the evenings.) The trustees and administrators of Lane, fearful of violence like the Cincinnati riots of 1829, prohibited off-topic discussions, even at meals. The Lane Rebels, including almost all of Lane's theological students, among them the entire Oneida contingent, resigned en masse in December, and published a pamphlet explaining their decision.[29] A trustee, Asa Mahan, resigned also, and the trustees fired John Morgan, a faculty member who supported the students.[19]: 159 

A chance encounter with Shipherd, who was travelling around Ohio recruiting students for his new Collegiate Institute, led to the proposal that they come to Oberlin, along with Mahan and the fired Lane professor. They did so, but only after Oberlin agreed to their conditions:

  • Oberlin, like Oneida, would admit African Americans on an equal basis. At the time, this was a radical and unpopular measure, even dangerous.[30] Previous attempts at "racially" integrated schools, the Noyes Academy and the Canterbury Female Boarding School, had been met with violence that destroyed both schools. Refugees from both had enrolled at Oneida. No one was calling for racially integrated schools, except at Oneida.
This measure caused the trustees "a great struggle to overcome their prejudices".[28]: 239  Moving their meeting to Elyria on January 1, 1835, at the Temperance House instead of Oberlin, so as to avoid a hostile and possibly disruptive audience, the trustees agreed to hire Mahan and Morgan, but took no action on the Black question. They tabled it, until it was made clear that if they did not agree, they would lose the Tappans' money, the cadre of students, Mahan, Finney, and Shipherd himself, who threatened to quit and set forth at length the reasons Oberlin should educate Blacks.[31][14]: 58–62  The Trustees, meeting on February 9 in Shipherd's house, reexamined the question, and it passed after Trustee Chairman John Keep broke a 3–3 tie vote.[14]: 63–65 [32]: 271 [33]: 36–37 
  • There would be no restrictions on discussion of slavery or any other topic.
  • Asa Mahan, the Lane trustee who resigned with the students, would become president. This initiative came from the Oneida students, and Weld in particular.
  • Professor John Morgan, fired by Lane for supporting the students,[19]: 159  would be hired also.
  • Under what Fletcher labeled the "Finney compact", in sharp contrast with and in reaction to recent events at Lane, the internal affairs of the college were to be under faculty control, "much to the irritation of our latter-day trustees, and occasionally our presidents and deans".[12]: 24  This commitment to academic freedom was a key innovation in American higher education.

"In the summer of 1835, they all arrived in Oberlin—President Mahan, Father Finney, Professor Morgan, the Lane rebels, the first black students, and the Tappans' money."[15]: 22  The Oberlin Anti-Slavery Society, calling for "immediate emancipation", was founded in June, 1835. The names of Shipherd, Mahan, and Finney are first on its founding document, followed by names of the Oneida contingent.[34]

Oberlin replaced Oneida as "the hot-bed of Abolitionism",[35]: 82  "the most progressive college in the United States".[36] Oberlin sent forth cadres of minister-abolitionists every year:

From this fountain streams of anti-slavery influence began at once to flow. Pamphlets, papers, letters, lecturers and preachers, and school teachers, some five hundred each winter, went forth everywhere preaching the anti-slavery word. It was the influence emanating from this school that saved our country in its great hour of peril. There were thousands of other co-operating influences, but had that which went out from Oberlin been subtracted, there can hardly remain a doubt that freedom would have foundered in the storm. Indeed it is doubtful whether there would have been any storm. The nation probably would have meekly yielded to the dominion of the slave power, and the Western Hemisphere would have become a den of tyrants and slaves. As it was, we were scarcely saved.[35]: 82–83 

19th century – post founding

Asa Mahan (1799–1889) accepted the position of first president of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in 1835, simultaneously serving as the chair of intellectual and moral philosophy and professor of theology. Mahan's strong advocacy of immediatism—the immediate and complete freeing of all slaves—greatly influenced the philosophy of the college. The same year, two years after its founding, the school began admitting African Americans.[37] The college experienced financial distress, and Rev. John Keep and William Dawes were sent to England to raise funds in 1839–40.[25][22][38] A nondenominational seminary,[39] Oberlin's Graduate School of Theology (first called the undergraduate Theological Department), was established alongside the college in 1833.[40] In 1965, the board of trustees voted to discontinue graduate instruction in theology at Oberlin, and in September 1966, six faculty members and 22 students merged with the Divinity School of Vanderbilt University.[40][41] Oberlin's role as an educator of African-American students prior to the Civil War and thereafter was significant.[42] In 1844, Oberlin Collegiate Institute graduated its first black student, George Boyer Vashon,[43] who later became one of the founding professors of Howard University[44] and the first black lawyer admitted to the Bar in New York State.

 
Severance Hall

The college's treatment of African Americans was inconsistent. Although intensely anti-slavery, and admitting black students from 1835, the school began segregating its black students by the 1880s with the fading of evangelical idealism.[11] Nonetheless, Oberlin graduates accounted for a significant percentage of African-American college graduates by the end of the 19th century.[citation needed] One such black alumnus was William Howard Day who would go on to found Cleveland's first black newspaper, The Aliened American.[45] The college was listed as a National Historic Landmark on December 21, 1965, for its significance in admitting African Americans and women.[46]

Oberlin is the oldest coeducational college in the United States, having admitted four women in 1837. These four women, who were the first to enter as full students, were Mary Kellogg (Fairchild), Mary Caroline Rudd, Mary Hosford, and Elizabeth Prall. All but Kellogg graduated. Mary Jane Patterson graduated in 1862, the first black woman to earn a B.A. degree. Soon, women were fully integrated into the college, and comprised from a third to half of the student body. The religious founders, especially evangelical theologian Charles Grandison Finney, saw women as morally superior to men.[citation needed] Oberlin ceased operating for seven months in 1839 and 1840 due to lack of funds, making it the second oldest continuously operating coeducational liberal arts college in the United States.[47]

 
Peters Hall, the Oberlin Administration Building, in 1909

Mahan, who was often in conflict with faculty, resigned his position as president in 1850.[48][49] Replacing him was famed abolitionist and preacher Charles Grandison Finney, a professor at the college since its founding who served until 1866.[50] At the same time, the institute was renamed Oberlin College,[51] and in 1851 received a charter with that name.[21]: 385  Under Finney's leadership, Oberlin's faculty and students increased their abolitionist activity. They participated with the townspeople in efforts to assist fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad where Oberlin was a stop, as well as to resist the Fugitive Slave Act.[52] One historian called Oberlin "the town that started the Civil War" due to its reputation as a hotbed of abolitionism.[33] In 1858, both students and faculty were involved in the controversial Oberlin-Wellington Rescue of a fugitive slave, which received national press coverage. Two participants in this raid, Lewis Sheridan Leary and John Anthony Copeland, along with another Oberlin resident, Shields Green, also participated in John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry. This heritage was commemorated on campus by the 1977 installation of sculptor Cameron Armstrong's "Underground Railroad Monument", a railroad track rising from the ground toward the sky,[53] and monuments to the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue[54] and the Harper's Ferry Raid,[55] which followed an 1841 incident in which a group of "fanatical abolition anarchists" from Oberlin, using saws and axes, freed two captured fugitive slaves from the Lorain County jail.[56]

 
Oberlin's football team, 1892

In 1866, James Fairchild became Oberlin's third president, and first alumnus to lead it.[13]: 122  A committed abolitionist, Fairchild, at that point chair of theology and moral philosophy, had played a role in the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, hiding fugitive slave John Price in his home. During Fairchild's tenure, the faculty and physical plant of the college expanded dramatically. In 1889, he resigned as president but remained as chair of systematic theology. In 1896, Fairchild returned as acting president until 1898.[57]

Oberlin College was prominent in sending Christian missionaries abroad. In 1881, students at Oberlin formed the Oberlin Band to journey as a group to remote Shanxi province in China.[58]: 24–23  A total of 30 members of the Oberlin Band worked in Shanxi as missionaries over the next two decades. Ten died of disease, and in 1900, fifteen of the Oberlin missionaries, including wives and children, were killed by Boxers or Chinese government soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion.[59] The Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association, an independent foundation, was established in their memory. The Association, with offices on campus, sponsors Oberlin graduates to teach in China, India, and Japan. It also hosts scholars and artists from Asia to spend time on the Oberlin campus.

20th century

 
Peters Hall, home of the language departments, in 2010.
 
Bosworth Hall

Henry Churchill King became Oberlin's sixth president in 1902. At Oberlin from 1884 onward, he taught in mathematics, philosophy, and theology. Robert K. Carr served as Oberlin College president from 1960 to 1970, during the tumultuous period of student activism. Under his presidency, the school's physical plant added 15 new buildings. Under his leadership, student involvement in college affairs increased, with students serving on nearly all college committees as voting members (including the board of trustees). Despite these accomplishments, Carr clashed repeatedly with the students over the Vietnam War, and he left office in 1969 with history professor Ellsworth C. Clayton becoming acting president.[57] Carr was forced to resign in 1970.

Oberlin (and Princeton) alumnus Robert W. Fuller's[60] commitment to educational reform—which he had already demonstrated as a Trinity College dean—led his alma mater to make him its tenth president in November 1970. At 33 years old, Fuller became one of the youngest college presidents in U.S. history. During his Oberlin presidency—a turbulent time at Oberlin and in higher education generally—Fuller reshaped the student body by tripling the enrollment of minorities at the college. He recruited and hired the first four African-American athletic coaches at a predominantly white American college or university, including Tommie Smith, the gold medalist sprinter from the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

In 1970, Oberlin made the cover of Life as one of the first colleges in the country to have co-ed dormitories.[61][62] Fuller was succeeded by the longtime Dean of the Conservatory, Emil Danenberg, who served as president from 1975 to 1982, and died in office.[57] In 1983, following a nationwide search, Oberlin hired S. Frederick Starr, an expert on Russian and Eurasian affairs and skilled musician, as its 12th president. Starr's academic and musical accomplishments boded well for his stewardship of both the college and the Oberlin College Conservatory of Music.[63] Despite increasing minority hiring,[63] Starr's tenure was marked by clashes with students over divestment from South Africa and the dismissal of a campus minister,[63] as well as Starr's reframing Oberlin as the "Harvard of the Midwest."[64] A particularly vitriolic clash with students on the front lawn of his home in April 1990[64] led Starr to take a leave of absence from July 1991 to February 1992.[63] He resigned in March 1993, effective in June of that year.[63]

21st century

Nancy Dye became the 13th president of Oberlin College in July 1994,[65] succeeding the embattled Starr.[64] Oberlin's first female president, she oversaw the construction of new buildings, increased admissions selectivity, and helped increase the endowment with the largest capital campaign to that point.[66] Dye was known for her accessibility and inclusiveness. Especially in her early years, she was a regular attendee at football games, concerts, and dorm parties.[64] Dye served as president for nearly 13 years, resigning on June 30, 2007.[67] Marvin Krislov served as president of the college from 2007 to 2017, moving on to assume the presidency of Pace University.[68] On May 30, 2017, Carmen Twillie Ambar was announced as the 15th president of Oberlin College, becoming the first African-American person and second woman to hold the position.[69]

Oberlin's first and only hired trade union expert, Chris Howell, argued that the college engaged in "illegal" tactics to attempt to decertify its service workers' July 1999 vote to become members of United Automobile Workers union. Howell wrote that college workers sought the union's representation in response to the administration's effort to "speed up work" to meet a "mounting budget crisis".[70]

In February 2013, the college received significant press concerning its so-called "No Trespass List", a secret list maintained by the college of individuals barred from campus without due process.[71] Student activists and members of the surrounding town joined to form the One Town Campaign, which challenged this policy. On February 13, 2013, a forum at the Oberlin Public Library that attracted over 200 people, including members of the college administration, the Oberlin city council and national press, saw speakers compare the atmosphere of the college to "a gated community".[72]

In September 2014, on Rosh Hashanah, Oberlin Students for Free Palestine placed 2,133 black flags in the main square of the campus as a "call to action" in honor of the 2,133 Palestinians who died in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.[73] In January 2016, hundreds of Oberlin alumni signed a letter to the Oberlin administration stating that this protest was an example of anti-Semitism on the campus.[74][75] Oberlin SFP responded with their own letter, detailing why protest of Israel does not constitute anti-semitism. They wrote, "Feeling discomfort because one must confront the realities of Operation Protective Edge carried out in the name of the safety of the Jewish people does not amount to anti-Semitism."[76]

In early 2016, an Oberlin professor, Joy Karega, suggested Israel was behind 9/11[77] and blamed it for the Charlie Hebdo attacks and for ISIS,[78] prompting a rebuke from faculty and administration.[79] After five and a half months of discussion, the school suspended[80] and then fired her.[81] The following week, the home of a Jewish professor at Oberlin was vandalized and a note that read "Gas Jews Die" was left on his front door.[82]

Gibson's Bakery v. Oberlin College

Main article: Gibson's Bakery v. Oberlin College

In 2016, a black Oberlin student was caught shoplifting two bottles of wine from Gibson's Bakery and Market, a downtown Oberlin business. A scuffle ensued between Oberlin students and Gibson's staff, and the students involved pled guilty to misdemeanor charges. Oberlin faculty and students subsequently staged large demonstrations urging a boycott of Gibson's on the grounds that the store was racist, and Gibson's sued alleging libel and other charges. In June 2019, the college was found liable for libel and tortious interference in a lawsuit initiated by the store; the bakery was awarded damages of $44 million by the jury, but a legal cap on damages reduced the award to $31.5 million.[83] In October 2019, the college appealed the case to the Ninth District Court of Appeals in Akron, Ohio.[84] On March 31, 2022, the Court of Appeals unanimously dismissed both appeals, Oberlin and Gibson, upholding the jury verdict and Judge Miraldi's decisions.[85] The Ohio Supreme Court chose to not accept the appeal and cross-appeal on August 29, 2022.[86] In December 2022, Oberlin Colline paid Gibson's Bakery $36.59 million, the entire amount due.[87] "We hope that the end of the litigation will begin the healing of our entire community", said the college.[87]

Academics

Oberlin was ranked tied for the 33rd best national liberal arts college, tied for 11th for "Most Innovative", and tied for 12th best in undergraduate teaching among liberal arts colleges in the 2020 edition of U.S. News & World Report's "Best Colleges" ranking.[92]

Of Oberlin's nearly 3,000 students, nearly 2,400 are enrolled in the College of Arts & Sciences, a little over 400 in the Conservatory of Music, and the remaining 180 or so in both College and Conservatory under the five-year Double-Degree program.[93]

The College of Arts & Sciences offers over 50 majors, minors, and concentrations.[94] Based on students graduating with a given major, its most popular majors over the last ten years have been (in order) English, Biology, History, Politics, and Environmental Studies. The college's science programs are considered strong, especially Biology, Chemistry and Physics. The college is home to the world's first undergraduate Neuroscience program.[95]

The Conservatory of Music is located on the college campus. Conservatory admission is selective, with over 1400 applicants worldwide auditioning for 120 seats. There are 500 performances yearly, most free of charge, with concerts and recitals almost daily. The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts.[96] The Allen Memorial Art Museum, with over 13,000 holdings, was the first college art museum west of the Alleghenies.[97]

College Libraries

 
Bibbins Hall, Oberlin Conservatory

The Oberlin College Libraries has branches for art, music, and science, a central storage facility, and the Mary Church Terrell Main Library. The libraries have collections of print and media materials and provide access to various online databases and journals. Beyond the 2.4 million-plus items available on campus, Oberlin students have access to more than 46 million volumes from over 85 Ohio institutions through the OhioLINK consortium.[98] In the summer of 2007, the main level of the main library was converted into an Academic Commons that provides integrated learning support and is a hub of both academic and social activity.[99]

Experimental College

The college's "Experimental College" or ExCo program, a student-run department, allows any student or interested person to teach their own class for a limited amount of college credit. ExCo classes by definition focus on material not covered by existing departments or faculty.[100][101]

Winter term

Oberlin's Winter term, occurring each January, is described as "a time for students to pursue interests outside of regular course offerings through immersive learning experiences."[102] Students may work alone or in groups, either on or off campus, and may design their own project or pick from a list of projects and internships set up by the college each year.[103] Students must complete a winter term project three years out of their four in the College of Arts and Sciences. Projects range from serious academic research with co-authorship in scientific journals, humanitarian projects, making films about historic Chicago neighborhoods, and learning how to bartend. A full-credit project is suggested to involve five to six hours per weekday.[104]

Creativity and Leadership

Created in 2005 as a part of the Northeast Ohio Collegiate Entrepreneurship Program (NEOCEP), a Kauffman Campuses Initiative, and sponsored by the Burton D. Morgan and Ewing Marion Kauffman, the department is focused on supporting and highlighting entrepreneurship within the student body.[105][106] This is done through a series of classes, symposia, Winter Term programs, grants, and fellowships available at no cost to current students and in some cases, recent alumni.[107] One such opportunity is the Creativity and Leadership Fellowship, a one-year fellowship for graduating seniors that includes a stipend of up to $30,000 dollars to advance an entrepreneurial venture.[108]

In 2012, the Creativity and Leadership department announced LaunchU,[109][110] a business accelerator open to Oberlin College students and alumni who are pursuing an entrepreneurial venture. The selective, three-week intensive program connects the participants with other entrepreneurs and business leaders chosen from the surrounding northeast Ohio region as well as the extensive Oberlin College alumni network. LaunchU culminates in a public pitch competition before a guest panel of investors, where the participants have the opportunity to be awarded up to $15,000 in funding. The winner of the 2014 LaunchU pitch competition was Chai Energy, a Los Angeles-based green energy startup focused on modernizing and personalizing home energy monitoring.[111][112][113] In 2014, LaunchU announced the creation of an online network in order to build stronger connections between entrepreneurs within the Oberlin College students and alumni network with a focus on attracting younger alumni.[114]

 
Oberlin's North Quad, the center of North Campus and locations of the Barrows, Burton, East, Noah and Barnard Houses.

Campus culture

Political activism

 
Oberlin protest speakers

The Oberlin student body has a long history of activism and a reputation for being notably liberal.[115] The college was ranked among the Princeton Review's list of "Colleges with a Conscience" in 2005.[116]

In the 1960s, Memorial Arch became a rallying point for the college's civil rights activists and its anti-war movement. Oberlin supplied a disproportionate number of participants in Mississippi Freedom Summer, rebuilt the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church in the Carpenters for Christmas project, supported NAACP sponsored sit-ins in Cleveland to integrate the building-trades, and with the SCLC participated in demonstrations at Hammermill Paper. In 1995, Emeritus Professor of Sociology (1966–2007), James Leo Walsh told The Oberlin Review that students "carried out dozens of protests against the Vietnam war ranging from peaceful picketing to surrounding a local naval recruiter's car".[117][118] In November 2002, 100 college workers students and faculty held a "mock funeral 'for the spirit of Oberlin'" in response to the administration's laying off 11 workers and reducing the work hours of five other workers without negotiation with college unions.[119] Oberlin Students have protested instances of fracking in Ohio such as "the first natural gas and fracturing industry conference in the state," in 2011.[120]

 
Students and town residents protest the War in Afghanistan and oil well fracking

In 2004, student activism led to a campus-wide ban on sales of Coca-Cola products due to the company’s human and labor rights violations.[121] However, the ban was revoked in spring 2014, and students may now buy Coca-Cola products from the student union.[122]

In 2013, after the discovery of hateful messages and the alleged sighting of a person wearing KKK robes, president Marvin Krislov cancelled classes and called for a day of reflection and change. In a public statement, he stated that an investigation had identified two students believed to be largely responsible, who had been removed from campus.[123][124][125] One of the students responsible said to police that he was "doing it as a joke to see the college overreact to it".[126]

During the fall 2014 semester, Oberlin's Student Labor Action Coalition organized a petition to permit dining hall temporary workers working four-hour shifts to eat one meal from food the college throws out each day. The petition garnered over 1,000 signatures and resulted in workers obtaining the opportunity to put food into a management-given styrofoam container to eat after their shifts.[127][128][129]

In May 2015, students temporarily took over their school's administration building to protest a $2,300 increase in tuition cost between the 2015 and 2016 academic school years.[130] Students initially proposed, "... moving from providing merit aid to need-based scholarships, loosening on-campus dining and housing requirements, reducing food waste and temporary workers in Campus Dining Services ... " to the school's Vice President of Finance Mike Frandsen on Monday, April 27, 2015, in which their demands were declined for issue. $10,931,088 were allocated to management salaries for the 2013–2014 school year, much of which came from student tuition.[131][132]

In December 2015, Oberlin's Black Student Union issued a series of 50 specific demands of the college and conservatory including promoting certain black faculty to tenured positions, hiring more black faculty, firing other faculty members, and obtaining a $15 an hour minimum wage for all campus workers and guaranteed health care in their contracts. The board of trustees responded by appointing some of the individual faculty and by, "reviewing the allocation of faculty positions with consideration of how they will contribute to interactional diversity in the curriculum" in the college's 2016–2021 strategic plan.[133][134][135][136] The college opposed firing any employees in response and neglected to issue formal responses to many of the other demands, though it has sought to cut wages and health care funds for administrators, office workers and library support staff during contract negotiations with the Office and Professional Employees International Union.[137] Many campus workers still earn the minimum wage.[127] Over 75 students protested the college's attempt to alter administrator, office worker and library support staff contracts during spring 2016 contract negotiations.[138]

Alums for Campus Fairness has called on Oberlin to address the antisemitic hate-speech directed to Jewish students.[139][140][141]

LGBT advocacy

Oberlin is also known for its liberal attitude toward sexuality and gender expression. Oberlin has been consistently ranked among the friendliest college campuses for LGBT students by multiple publications, including The Advocate, Newsweek, and The Princeton Review.[142][143][144]

Student Cooperative Association

 
Keep Cottage, one of the four housing co-ops

The Oberlin Student Cooperative Association, or OSCA, is a non-profit corporation that houses 174 students in four housing co-ops and feeds 594 students in eight dining co-ops. Its budget is more than $2 million, making it the third-largest of its kind in North America behind the Berkeley Student Cooperative and the Inter-Cooperative Council of Ann Arbor.[145][146][147]

OSCA is entirely student-run, with all participating students working as cooks, buyers, administrators, and coordinators. Every member is required to do at least one hour per week of cleaning if they are able, encouraging accountability for the community and the space. Most decisions within OSCA are made by modified consensus. Oberlin bans all fraternities and sororities, making the co-ops the largest student-organized social system at the college. In addition to OSCA's four housing/dining and three dining-only cooperatives, Brown Bag Co-op is an OSCA-backed grocery that sells personal servings of food at bulk prices. OSCA also funds the Nicaragua Sister Partnership (NICSIS), a "sister cooperative" with Nicaragua's National Union of Farmers and Ranchers (UNAG). Outside of OSCA, other Oberlin co-ops include the Bike Co-op, Pottery Co-op, and SWAP: The Oberlin Book Co-op.

In the spring of 2013, the Board of Directors of OSCA made a decision in a closed-door meeting to remove the Kosher-Halal Co-op from the Association after disputes over budgets and kitchen inspections.[148] Although KHC served both Kosher and Halal food, the membership was predominantly Jewish, and some alumni wrote that they believed the expulsion to be anti-Semitic in nature.[74][149]

Music

In addition to Oberlin Conservatory, Oberlin has musical opportunities available for amateur musicians and students in the college. Oberlin Steel, a steel pan ensemble founded around 1980,[150] plays calypso/soca music from Trinidad and Tobago and has been performing at Oberlin's Commencement Illumination event for over 30 years. Oberlin College Taiko, founded in 2008,[151] explores and shares Japanese taiko drumming as both a traditional and contemporary art form. The entirely student-run Oberlin College Marching Band (OCMB), founded in 1998, performs at various sporting events including football games, women's rugby, and pep rallies throughout the year. There are a number of a cappella groups, including: Pitch Please (all gender, all genre), the Obertones (men and nonbinary), Nothing But Treble (women and nonbinary), the Acapelicans (women and nonbinary), 'Round Midnight (all gender, jazz/folk). Other notable music organizations include the Black Musicians Guild and the Arts and Sciences Orchestra. Students in the college can form chamber groups and receive coaching through the Conservatory. Student composers also provide a demand for musicians to perform their work.

 
Allen Memorial Art Museum, location of Oberlin's Art Rental program

Film

Thomas Edison's moving picture show was shown in Oberlin in February 1900.[152] Just seven years later, Oberlin's Apollo Theater opened, installing sound equipment for the 1928 release of The Jazz Singer, the first "talkie". The theater has since been a mainstay in the Oberlin community at its comfortable locale on south campus, and in 2012 (after a year of renovations) became the centerpiece for The Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman Cinema Studies Center for Media Education and Production. The area above the theatre includes editing labs, an animation area, a recording studio and small projection screening room.[153]

Art rental

Oberlin's Allen Memorial Art Museum has an art rental program, where students can borrow original etchings, lithographs and paintings by artists including Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Andy Warhol, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso for five dollars per semester. The program was started in the 1940s by Ellen H. Johnson, a professor of art at Oberlin, in order to "develop the aesthetic sensibilities of students and encourage ordered thinking and discrimination in other areas of their lives."[154]

Sustainability

 
The Adam Joseph Lewis Center, location of the environmental studies department

In 2006, Oberlin became one of the charter institutions to sign the ACUPCC and set a target climate neutrality date for 2025.[155] Oberlin's innovative Adam Joseph Lewis Center For Environmental Studies, a building the Department of Energy labeled as one of the "milestone" buildings of the 20th century, incorporates a 4,600 square foot (425 square meter) photovoltaic array, the biggest of its kind in Ohio at the time. The AJLC also features a Living Machine, garden, orchard, and parking lot solar array.

The school utilizes biodiesel, hybrid, and electric vehicles for various purposes, offers financial support to a local transit company providing public transportation to the school, and has been home to the Oberlin Bike Co-op, a cooperatively run bicycle center, since 1986. Each residence hall monitors and displays real time and historic electricity and water use. Some dorms also have special lamps which display a color depending on how real time energy use compares to the average historic energy use. The school's Campus Committee on Shareholder Responsibility provides students, faculty, and staff with the opportunity to make suggestions and decisions on proxy votes. A student board, the Oberlin College Green EDGE Fund, manages a set of accounts to support local sustainability, resource efficiency, and carbon offsetting projects. The Green EDGE Fund, created in 2007,[156] allocates grants for environmental sustainability projects and verifiable carbon offsetting projects within the Oberlin community, as well as loans from a revolving fund for projects at Oberlin College that reduce resource consumption and have calculable financial savings for the college.[157]

In 2007, Oberlin received a grade of "B+" from the Sustainable Endowments Institute's annual College Sustainability Report Card, and was featured among schools as a "Campus Sustainability Leader".[158] In 2008, Oberlin received an "A−" on the annual College Sustainability Report Card.[159] It was also listed as the school with the greenest conscience by Plenty in their green campuses ratings.[160] In 2011, the college received an A on the Sustainability Report card.[161] Oberlin College participated in AASHE's Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System (STARS) in early 2012. Oberlin College was one of only 43 institutions to receive a grade of Gold in STARS.[162]

According to a 2010 article in The Oberlin Review, renovated dorms may use more electricity.[163] This is the case for several dorms renovated during the summer of 2008.[163] The college architect, Steve Varelmann, has called the numbers "erratic and possibly unreliable".[163] According to Varelmann, a possible explanation for this phenomenon is that previously non-functioning equipment started functioning again after the renovation.[164] Students may also be at fault for their behavior: "What electronic devices are they using? Are they voluntarily reducing light usage? Are spaces experiencing increased use due to the improvements achieved from the renovation?"[164] John Scofield, professor of physics at Oberlin concluded that "We are building more and more efficient buildings, yet we're using more energy."[164]

Campus publications and media

Oberlin students publish a wide variety of periodicals. The college's largest publications are The Oberlin Review and The Grape. The Oberlin Review is a traditional weekly newspaper, focusing on current events, with a circulation of around 1,700.[165] There is also a newspaper pertaining to the interests of students of color, called In Solidarity.

Magazines on campus include Wilder Voice, a magazine for creative nonfiction and long-form journalism,[166] The Plum Creek Review, a literary review containing student-written fiction, poetry, translations, and visual art,[167] Headwaters Magazine, an environmental magazine,[168] and The Synapse, a science magazine.[169][170] Spiral is a magazine focused on genre fiction. The college also produces a quarterly alumni magazine,[171] while the Conservatory publishes its own magazine once a year.

The WOBC News Corps, a news division of WOBC-FM created in February 2010, produces local news segments that air bi-hourly. WOBC, a large student organization with significant non-student membership, also maintains an online blog that focuses on music and local events.

Athletics

The school's varsity sports teams are the Yeomen and Yeowomen. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the school's official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or "O" Men. Eventually, as the athletic department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of "O" Men and the schools official motto of "Learning and Labor". As women's sports became more prevalent, "Yeowomen" was adopted to describe the mascot representing women's athletics. In 2014, the school announced that the albino squirrel will be its official mascot, although teams will continue to be referred to as "yeomen" and "yeowomen".[172]

Oberlin participates in the NCAA's Division III and the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), a conference which includes Kenyon College, Denison University, Wooster College, Wabash College and others. Kenyon has traditionally been Oberlin's biggest rival. In 2022, leaders of the Athletic Department and various club sports spoke out in favor of increased institutional support for the teams, requesting that the college provide access to professional sports trainers and team transportation.[173][174] The college also hosts several private sports teams, including the Oberlin Ultimate team.

Baseball

On May 8, 2015, the Oberlin baseball team won the championship of the NCAC. The championship was the first for Oberlin as a baseball team since it joined the NCAC in 1984.[175]

Football

Main article: Oberlin Yeomen football

Oberlin's football team was the first team coached by John Heisman, who led the team to a 7–0 record in 1892. Oberlin is the last college in Ohio to beat Ohio State (winning 7–6 in 1921). Though in modern times, the football team was more famous for losing streaks of 40 games (1992–1996) and 44 games (1997–2001), the Yeomen have enjoyed limited success in recent years.

Cheerleading

In 2011, Oberlin began its most recent attempt to feature a cheerleading squad. In 2006, a cheerleader fell from atop a pyramid at a football game, initiating the demise of Oberlin's Cheerleading Club. That injury prompted the school to restrict the club's activities, prohibiting stunting and tumbling, after which participation fizzled out. The club's charter, however, remained intact and was used to bring the squad back in 2011. Tryouts were held in the spring of 2011, and the cheerleading team went active at Oberlin's first home football game that Fall, a 42–0 win over Kenyon College. The squad also cheers for the basketball team and participates in spirit building and service events across campus and in the community.[176]

Ultimate

Oberlin has both men's and a women's Ultimate club teams, known as the Flying Horsecows and the Preying Manti respectively.[177] The Horsecows have made trips to College Nationals in 1992, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2010, 2018, and 2022.[178] The Manti qualified for Nationals for the first time in 1997 and have been recently in 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2018.[179] The Manti won the Division III national championship on May 19, 2019, defeating the top-ranked Bates Cold Front by a score of 13–7.[180] The Horsecows placed 5th nationally in 2022, the highest finish in program history.

Notable people

Alumni

Further information: List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people § Notable alumni

Faculty

Further information: List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people § Notable faculty

Other

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Barnard, John. From evangelicalism to progressivism at Oberlin College, 1866–1917 (The Ohio State University Press, 1969). full text online free
  • Fletcher, Robert Samuel. A history of Oberlin College: From its foundation through the Civil War (Oberlin, 1943).
  • Hogeland, Ronald W. "Coeducation of the Sexes at Oberlin College: A Study of Social Ideas in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America," Journal of Social History, (1972–73) 6#2 pp. 160–176 in JSTOR
  • Morris, J. Brent. Oberlin, Hotbed of Abolitionism: College, Community, and the Fight for Freedom and Equality in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
  • Waite, Cally L. "The Segregation of Black Students at Oberlin College after Reconstruction," History of Education Quarterly (2001) 41#3, pp. 344–64. in JSTOR
  • Horton, James Oliver (Autumn 1985). "Black Education at Oberlin College: A Controversial Commitment". Journal of Negro Education. 54 (4): 477–499. doi:10.2307/2294710. JSTOR 2294710.

Primary sources

  • Oberlin College. General Catalogue of Oberlin College, 1833–1908: Including an Account of the Principal Events in the History of the College, with Illustrations of the College Buildings (1909) Online

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oberlin College.

January 20, 2023
oberlin, college, confused, with, oberlin, university, private, liberal, arts, college, conservatory, music, oberlin, ohio, oldest, coeducational, liberal, arts, college, united, states, second, oldest, continuously, operating, coeducational, institute, higher. Not to be confused with J F Oberlin University Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin Ohio It is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world 5 The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States 6 In 1835 Oberlin became one of the first colleges in the United States to admit African Americans and in 1837 the first to admit women 7 other than Franklin College s brief experiment in the 1780s 8 It has been known since its founding for progressive student activism 9 Oberlin CollegeFormer namesOberlin Collegiate Institute 1833 1864 MottoLearning and LaborTypePrivate liberal arts collegeEstablishedSeptember 2 1833 189 years ago 1833 09 02 Academic affiliationsCICAnnapolis GroupOberlin GroupCLACGLCAFive Colleges of OhioNAICU 1 Endowment 1 09 billion 2021 2 PresidentCarmen Twillie AmbarAcademic staff327 2017 3 Students2 785 2019 3 LocationOberlin Ohio U S 41 17 35 N 82 13 18 W 41 29306 N 82 22167 W 41 29306 82 22167 Coordinates 41 17 35 N 82 13 18 W 41 29306 N 82 22167 W 41 29306 82 22167CampusSuburbanColors Red amp gold 4 NicknameYeomen YeowomenSporting affiliationsNCAA Division III NCACWebsitewww wbr oberlin wbr eduThe College of Arts amp Sciences offers more than 50 majors minors and concentrations Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium Since its founding Oberlin has graduated 16 Rhodes Scholars 20 Truman Scholars 12 MacArthur fellows four Rome Prize winners seven Pulitzer Prize winners and four Nobel laureates 10 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding 1 2 Predecessor The Oneida Institute 1 3 The Lane Rebels enroll at Oberlin 1 4 19th century post founding 1 5 20th century 1 6 21st century 1 6 1 Gibson s Bakery v Oberlin College 2 Academics 2 1 College Libraries 2 2 Experimental College 2 3 Winter term 2 4 Creativity and Leadership 3 Campus culture 3 1 Political activism 3 2 LGBT advocacy 3 3 Student Cooperative Association 3 4 Music 3 5 Film 3 6 Art rental 4 Sustainability 5 Campus publications and media 6 Athletics 6 1 Baseball 6 2 Football 6 3 Cheerleading 6 4 Ultimate 7 Notable people 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 10 1 Primary sources 11 External linksHistory EditOberlin College was preceded by Oberlin Institute founded in 1833 The college s founders wrote voluminously and featured prominently in the press especially the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in which the name Oberlin occurred 352 times by 1865 Original documents and correspondence survive and are readily available There is a wealth of primary documents and scholarly works 11 346 Robert Samuel Fletcher class of 1920 published a history in 1943 that is a landmark and the point of departure of all subsequent studies of Oberlin s history 12 20 21 His disciple Geoffrey Blodgett 1953 continued Fletcher s work Founding Edit Partial View Oberlin by H Alonzo Pease 1838 Oberlin was an idea before it was a place 13 12 It began in revelation and dreams Yankees motivation to emigrate west attempting perfection in God s eyes educating a missionary army of Christian soldiers to save the world and inaugurate God s government on earth and the radical notion that slavery was America s most horrendous sin that should be instantly repented of and immediately brought to an end 13 12 Its immediate background was the wave of Christian revivals in western New York State in which Charles Finney was very much involved Oberlin was the offspring of the revivals of 1830 31 and 32 14 12 Oberlin founder John Jay Shipherd was an admirer of Finney and visited him in Rochester New York when en route to Ohio for the first time Finney invited Shipherd to stay with him as an assistant but Shipherd felt that he had his own important part to play in bringing on the millennium God s triumphant reign on Earth Finney s desires were one thing but Shipherd believed that the Lord s work for him lay farther west Shipherd attempted to convince Finney to accompany him west which he did in 1835 15 13 14 Oberlin was to be a pious simple living community in a sparsely populated area of which the school training ministers and missionaries would be the centerpiece The Oberlin Collegiate Institute was founded in 1833 by Shipherd and another Presbyterian minister Philo Stewart 16 formerly a missionary among the Cherokees in Mississippi and at that time residing in Mr Shipherd s family 17 Int 37 who was studying Divinity with Shipherd 18 281 The institute was built on 500 acres 2 0 km2 of land donated by Titus Street founder of Streetsboro Ohio and Samuel Hughes 19 91 94 who lived in Connecticut Shipherd and Stewert named their project after Alsatian minister Jean Frederic Oberlin about whom a book had just been published 20 which Stewart was reading to Shipherd 18 281 Oberlin had brought social Christianity to an isolated region of France just as they hoped to bring to the remote Western Reserve region of northeastern Ohio The college was named after a prominent minister J F Oberlin Their vision was A community of Christian families with a Christian school which should be a center of religious influence and power which should work mightily upon the surrounding country and the world a sort of missionary institution for training laborers for the work abroad the school to be conducted on the manual labor system and to be open to both young men and young women It was not proposed to establish a college but simply an academy for instruction in English and useful languages and if providence should favor it in practical Theology In accordance with this plan the corporate name Oberlin College Institute was chosen 21 385 Oberlin was very much a part of the Utopian perfectionist enthusiasm that swept the country in the 1830s Shipherd came close to being a Christian communist and as he traveled about the country signing up recruits for the Oberlin colony he carried with him a copy of the Oberlin covenant which each colonist was required to sign 15 12 The Oberlin covenant is a fascinating document It has strong communal overtones though in the end private property is allowed It is very keen on plain straight living no smoking no chewing tobacco no coffee or tea jewelry and tight dresses are explicitly renounced as are fancy houses furniture and carriages But the main thrust of the covenant is clearly toward missionary education to save a perishing world 15 11 12 The terms of the Oberlin covenant as summarized by Shipherd were Each member of the colony shall consider himself a steward of the Lord amp hold only so much property as he can advantageously manage for the Lord Everyone regardless of worldly maxims shall return to Gospel simplicity of dress diet houses and furniture all appertaining to him amp be industrious amp economical with the view of earning amp saving as much as possible not to hoard up for old age amp for children but to glorify God in the salvation of men And that no one need to be tempted to hoard up the colonists as members of one body of which Christ is the head mutually pledge that they will provide in all respects for the widowed orphan amp all the needy as well as for themselves amp households 15 16 Predecessor The Oneida Institute Edit Further information Oneida Institute With the noble exception of the Oneida Institute in the state of New York which in the midst of persecution has stood erect and preeminently true to the slave mighty in its free testimony and terrible to the oppressor the Institution of Oberlin is the only one in the United States in which the black and colored student finds a home where he is fully and joyously regarded as a man and a brother 22 The Lane Rebels are commonly mentioned in the early history of Oberlin 23 These original Oberlin students who had little to do with Lane other than walking out on it were carrying on a tradition that began at the Oneida Institute of Science and Industry in Oneida County New York near Utica Oneida was a hotbed of anti slavery activity 24 44 abolitionist to the core more so than any other American college 24 46 A fundraising trip to England sought funds for both colleges 25 Oberlin s antislavery activities supplanted those of Oneida which fell on hard times and closed in 1843 Funding previously provided by the philanthropist brothers Lewis and Arthur Tappan was transferred to Oberlin Oneida was founded by George Washington Gale of whom Oberlin President Charles Grandison Finney was a disciple The institute s second and final President Beriah Green moved to Oneida after he proved too abolitionist for Western Reserve College Oberlin s early competitor in the Ohio Western Reserve The Lane Rebels enroll at Oberlin Edit When the Oberlin Collegiate Institute was formed in 1833 the founders did not anticipate including black Americans in the student body Additionally the slavery question did not play any part in the college s or colony s establishment Such matters arose only when Oberlin s trustees agreed to admit the Lane Seminary Rebels from Cincinnati to Oberlin The Lane Rebels collectively demanded that students at the seminary have the right to freely debate antislavery issues and that the seminary s faculty members manage the affairs of the institution 26 20 The charismatic Theodore Dwight Weld after three years 1827 1830 studying with Gale at Oneida was hired by the new Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions a project of the Tappans By literary institutions what is meant is non religious schools as in In every literary institution there are a number of hours daily in which nothing is required of the student 27 40 He was charged with finding a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the Western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men who had dedicated their lives to the home missionary cause in the vast valley of the Mississippi 19 43 By coincidence the administrators of new and barely functioning Lane Seminary a manual labor school located just outside Cincinnati were looking for students Weld visited Cincinnati in 1832 determined that the school would do got the approval of the Tappans and by providing recommendations to them took over as de facto head of the Seminary to the point of choosing the president Lyman Beecher after Finney turned it down and telling the trustees whom to hire 19 54 He organized and led a group exodus of Oneida students and others from upstate New York to come to Lane Lane was Oneida moved west 19 55 This coincided with the emergence of immediatism the call for immediate and uncompensated freeing of all slaves which at the time was a radical idea and the rejection of colonization sending freed slaves to Africa by the American Colonization Society The anti slavery and the colonization questions had become exciting ones throughout the whole country and the students deemed it to be their duty thoroughly to examine them in view of their bearing upon their future responsibilities as ministers of the gospel 28 226 Shortly after their arrival at Lane the Oneida contingent held a lengthy well publicized series of debates over 18 days during February 1834 on the topic of abolition versus colonization concluding with the endorsement of the former and rejection of the latter Although announced as debate no one spoke in favor of colonization on any of the evenings The trustees and administrators of Lane fearful of violence like the Cincinnati riots of 1829 prohibited off topic discussions even at meals The Lane Rebels including almost all of Lane s theological students among them the entire Oneida contingent resigned en masse in December and published a pamphlet explaining their decision 29 A trustee Asa Mahan resigned also and the trustees fired John Morgan a faculty member who supported the students 19 159 A chance encounter with Shipherd who was travelling around Ohio recruiting students for his new Collegiate Institute led to the proposal that they come to Oberlin along with Mahan and the fired Lane professor They did so but only after Oberlin agreed to their conditions Oberlin like Oneida would admit African Americans on an equal basis At the time this was a radical and unpopular measure even dangerous 30 Previous attempts at racially integrated schools the Noyes Academy and the Canterbury Female Boarding School had been met with violence that destroyed both schools Refugees from both had enrolled at Oneida No one was calling for racially integrated schools except at Oneida This measure caused the trustees a great struggle to overcome their prejudices 28 239 Moving their meeting to Elyria on January 1 1835 at the Temperance House instead of Oberlin so as to avoid a hostile and possibly disruptive audience the trustees agreed to hire Mahan and Morgan but took no action on the Black question They tabled it until it was made clear that if they did not agree they would lose the Tappans money the cadre of students Mahan Finney and Shipherd himself who threatened to quit and set forth at length the reasons Oberlin should educate Blacks 31 14 58 62 The Trustees meeting on February 9 in Shipherd s house reexamined the question and it passed after Trustee Chairman John Keep broke a 3 3 tie vote 14 63 65 32 271 33 36 37 There would be no restrictions on discussion of slavery or any other topic Asa Mahan the Lane trustee who resigned with the students would become president This initiative came from the Oneida students and Weld in particular Professor John Morgan fired by Lane for supporting the students 19 159 would be hired also Under what Fletcher labeled the Finney compact in sharp contrast with and in reaction to recent events at Lane the internal affairs of the college were to be under faculty control much to the irritation of our latter day trustees and occasionally our presidents and deans 12 24 This commitment to academic freedom was a key innovation in American higher education In the summer of 1835 they all arrived in Oberlin President Mahan Father Finney Professor Morgan the Lane rebels the first black students and the Tappans money 15 22 The Oberlin Anti Slavery Society calling for immediate emancipation was founded in June 1835 The names of Shipherd Mahan and Finney are first on its founding document followed by names of the Oneida contingent 34 Oberlin replaced Oneida as the hot bed of Abolitionism 35 82 the most progressive college in the United States 36 Oberlin sent forth cadres of minister abolitionists every year From this fountain streams of anti slavery influence began at once to flow Pamphlets papers letters lecturers and preachers and school teachers some five hundred each winter went forth everywhere preaching the anti slavery word It was the influence emanating from this school that saved our country in its great hour of peril There were thousands of other co operating influences but had that which went out from Oberlin been subtracted there can hardly remain a doubt that freedom would have foundered in the storm Indeed it is doubtful whether there would have been any storm The nation probably would have meekly yielded to the dominion of the slave power and the Western Hemisphere would have become a den of tyrants and slaves As it was we were scarcely saved 35 82 83 19th century post founding Edit Asa Mahan 1799 1889 accepted the position of first president of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in 1835 simultaneously serving as the chair of intellectual and moral philosophy and professor of theology Mahan s strong advocacy of immediatism the immediate and complete freeing of all slaves greatly influenced the philosophy of the college The same year two years after its founding the school began admitting African Americans 37 The college experienced financial distress and Rev John Keep and William Dawes were sent to England to raise funds in 1839 40 25 22 38 A nondenominational seminary 39 Oberlin s Graduate School of Theology first called the undergraduate Theological Department was established alongside the college in 1833 40 In 1965 the board of trustees voted to discontinue graduate instruction in theology at Oberlin and in September 1966 six faculty members and 22 students merged with the Divinity School of Vanderbilt University 40 41 Oberlin s role as an educator of African American students prior to the Civil War and thereafter was significant 42 In 1844 Oberlin Collegiate Institute graduated its first black student George Boyer Vashon 43 who later became one of the founding professors of Howard University 44 and the first black lawyer admitted to the Bar in New York State Severance Hall The college s treatment of African Americans was inconsistent Although intensely anti slavery and admitting black students from 1835 the school began segregating its black students by the 1880s with the fading of evangelical idealism 11 Nonetheless Oberlin graduates accounted for a significant percentage of African American college graduates by the end of the 19th century citation needed One such black alumnus was William Howard Day who would go on to found Cleveland s first black newspaper The Aliened American 45 The college was listed as a National Historic Landmark on December 21 1965 for its significance in admitting African Americans and women 46 Oberlin is the oldest coeducational college in the United States having admitted four women in 1837 These four women who were the first to enter as full students were Mary Kellogg Fairchild Mary Caroline Rudd Mary Hosford and Elizabeth Prall All but Kellogg graduated Mary Jane Patterson graduated in 1862 the first black woman to earn a B A degree Soon women were fully integrated into the college and comprised from a third to half of the student body The religious founders especially evangelical theologian Charles Grandison Finney saw women as morally superior to men citation needed Oberlin ceased operating for seven months in 1839 and 1840 due to lack of funds making it the second oldest continuously operating coeducational liberal arts college in the United States 47 Peters Hall the Oberlin Administration Building in 1909 Mahan who was often in conflict with faculty resigned his position as president in 1850 48 49 Replacing him was famed abolitionist and preacher Charles Grandison Finney a professor at the college since its founding who served until 1866 50 At the same time the institute was renamed Oberlin College 51 and in 1851 received a charter with that name 21 385 Under Finney s leadership Oberlin s faculty and students increased their abolitionist activity They participated with the townspeople in efforts to assist fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad where Oberlin was a stop as well as to resist the Fugitive Slave Act 52 One historian called Oberlin the town that started the Civil War due to its reputation as a hotbed of abolitionism 33 In 1858 both students and faculty were involved in the controversial Oberlin Wellington Rescue of a fugitive slave which received national press coverage Two participants in this raid Lewis Sheridan Leary and John Anthony Copeland along with another Oberlin resident Shields Green also participated in John Brown s Raid on Harpers Ferry This heritage was commemorated on campus by the 1977 installation of sculptor Cameron Armstrong s Underground Railroad Monument a railroad track rising from the ground toward the sky 53 and monuments to the Oberlin Wellington Rescue 54 and the Harper s Ferry Raid 55 which followed an 1841 incident in which a group of fanatical abolition anarchists from Oberlin using saws and axes freed two captured fugitive slaves from the Lorain County jail 56 Oberlin s football team 1892 In 1866 James Fairchild became Oberlin s third president and first alumnus to lead it 13 122 A committed abolitionist Fairchild at that point chair of theology and moral philosophy had played a role in the Oberlin Wellington Rescue hiding fugitive slave John Price in his home During Fairchild s tenure the faculty and physical plant of the college expanded dramatically In 1889 he resigned as president but remained as chair of systematic theology In 1896 Fairchild returned as acting president until 1898 57 Oberlin College was prominent in sending Christian missionaries abroad In 1881 students at Oberlin formed the Oberlin Band to journey as a group to remote Shanxi province in China 58 24 23 A total of 30 members of the Oberlin Band worked in Shanxi as missionaries over the next two decades Ten died of disease and in 1900 fifteen of the Oberlin missionaries including wives and children were killed by Boxers or Chinese government soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion 59 The Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association an independent foundation was established in their memory The Association with offices on campus sponsors Oberlin graduates to teach in China India and Japan It also hosts scholars and artists from Asia to spend time on the Oberlin campus 20th century Edit Peters Hall home of the language departments in 2010 Bosworth Hall Henry Churchill King became Oberlin s sixth president in 1902 At Oberlin from 1884 onward he taught in mathematics philosophy and theology Robert K Carr served as Oberlin College president from 1960 to 1970 during the tumultuous period of student activism Under his presidency the school s physical plant added 15 new buildings Under his leadership student involvement in college affairs increased with students serving on nearly all college committees as voting members including the board of trustees Despite these accomplishments Carr clashed repeatedly with the students over the Vietnam War and he left office in 1969 with history professor Ellsworth C Clayton becoming acting president 57 Carr was forced to resign in 1970 Oberlin and Princeton alumnus Robert W Fuller s 60 commitment to educational reform which he had already demonstrated as a Trinity College dean led his alma mater to make him its tenth president in November 1970 At 33 years old Fuller became one of the youngest college presidents in U S history During his Oberlin presidency a turbulent time at Oberlin and in higher education generally Fuller reshaped the student body by tripling the enrollment of minorities at the college He recruited and hired the first four African American athletic coaches at a predominantly white American college or university including Tommie Smith the gold medalist sprinter from the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City In 1970 Oberlin made the cover of Life as one of the first colleges in the country to have co ed dormitories 61 62 Fuller was succeeded by the longtime Dean of the Conservatory Emil Danenberg who served as president from 1975 to 1982 and died in office 57 In 1983 following a nationwide search Oberlin hired S Frederick Starr an expert on Russian and Eurasian affairs and skilled musician as its 12th president Starr s academic and musical accomplishments boded well for his stewardship of both the college and the Oberlin College Conservatory of Music 63 Despite increasing minority hiring 63 Starr s tenure was marked by clashes with students over divestment from South Africa and the dismissal of a campus minister 63 as well as Starr s reframing Oberlin as the Harvard of the Midwest 64 A particularly vitriolic clash with students on the front lawn of his home in April 1990 64 led Starr to take a leave of absence from July 1991 to February 1992 63 He resigned in March 1993 effective in June of that year 63 21st century Edit Nancy Dye became the 13th president of Oberlin College in July 1994 65 succeeding the embattled Starr 64 Oberlin s first female president she oversaw the construction of new buildings increased admissions selectivity and helped increase the endowment with the largest capital campaign to that point 66 Dye was known for her accessibility and inclusiveness Especially in her early years she was a regular attendee at football games concerts and dorm parties 64 Dye served as president for nearly 13 years resigning on June 30 2007 67 Marvin Krislov served as president of the college from 2007 to 2017 moving on to assume the presidency of Pace University 68 On May 30 2017 Carmen Twillie Ambar was announced as the 15th president of Oberlin College becoming the first African American person and second woman to hold the position 69 Oberlin s first and only hired trade union expert Chris Howell argued that the college engaged in illegal tactics to attempt to decertify its service workers July 1999 vote to become members of United Automobile Workers union Howell wrote that college workers sought the union s representation in response to the administration s effort to speed up work to meet a mounting budget crisis 70 In February 2013 the college received significant press concerning its so called No Trespass List a secret list maintained by the college of individuals barred from campus without due process 71 Student activists and members of the surrounding town joined to form the One Town Campaign which challenged this policy On February 13 2013 a forum at the Oberlin Public Library that attracted over 200 people including members of the college administration the Oberlin city council and national press saw speakers compare the atmosphere of the college to a gated community 72 In September 2014 on Rosh Hashanah Oberlin Students for Free Palestine placed 2 133 black flags in the main square of the campus as a call to action in honor of the 2 133 Palestinians who died in the 2014 Israel Gaza conflict 73 In January 2016 hundreds of Oberlin alumni signed a letter to the Oberlin administration stating that this protest was an example of anti Semitism on the campus 74 75 Oberlin SFP responded with their own letter detailing why protest of Israel does not constitute anti semitism They wrote Feeling discomfort because one must confront the realities of Operation Protective Edge carried out in the name of the safety of the Jewish people does not amount to anti Semitism 76 In early 2016 an Oberlin professor Joy Karega suggested Israel was behind 9 11 77 and blamed it for the Charlie Hebdo attacks and for ISIS 78 prompting a rebuke from faculty and administration 79 After five and a half months of discussion the school suspended 80 and then fired her 81 The following week the home of a Jewish professor at Oberlin was vandalized and a note that read Gas Jews Die was left on his front door 82 Gibson s Bakery v Oberlin College Edit Main article Gibson s Bakery v Oberlin College In 2016 a black Oberlin student was caught shoplifting two bottles of wine from Gibson s Bakery and Market a downtown Oberlin business A scuffle ensued between Oberlin students and Gibson s staff and the students involved pled guilty to misdemeanor charges Oberlin faculty and students subsequently staged large demonstrations urging a boycott of Gibson s on the grounds that the store was racist and Gibson s sued alleging libel and other charges In June 2019 the college was found liable for libel and tortious interference in a lawsuit initiated by the store the bakery was awarded damages of 44 million by the jury but a legal cap on damages reduced the award to 31 5 million 83 In October 2019 the college appealed the case to the Ninth District Court of Appeals in Akron Ohio 84 On March 31 2022 the Court of Appeals unanimously dismissed both appeals Oberlin and Gibson upholding the jury verdict and Judge Miraldi s decisions 85 The Ohio Supreme Court chose to not accept the appeal and cross appeal on August 29 2022 86 In December 2022 Oberlin Colline paid Gibson s Bakery 36 59 million the entire amount due 87 We hope that the end of the litigation will begin the healing of our entire community said the college 87 Academics EditAcademic rankingsLiberal arts collegesU S News amp World Report 88 39Washington Monthly 89 114NationalForbes 90 207THE WSJ 91 112Oberlin was ranked tied for the 33rd best national liberal arts college tied for 11th for Most Innovative and tied for 12th best in undergraduate teaching among liberal arts colleges in the 2020 edition of U S News amp World Report s Best Colleges ranking 92 Of Oberlin s nearly 3 000 students nearly 2 400 are enrolled in the College of Arts amp Sciences a little over 400 in the Conservatory of Music and the remaining 180 or so in both College and Conservatory under the five year Double Degree program 93 The College of Arts amp Sciences offers over 50 majors minors and concentrations 94 Based on students graduating with a given major its most popular majors over the last ten years have been in order English Biology History Politics and Environmental Studies The college s science programs are considered strong especially Biology Chemistry and Physics The college is home to the world s first undergraduate Neuroscience program 95 The Conservatory of Music is located on the college campus Conservatory admission is selective with over 1400 applicants worldwide auditioning for 120 seats There are 500 performances yearly most free of charge with concerts and recitals almost daily The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts 96 The Allen Memorial Art Museum with over 13 000 holdings was the first college art museum west of the Alleghenies 97 College Libraries Edit Bibbins Hall Oberlin Conservatory The Oberlin College Libraries has branches for art music and science a central storage facility and the Mary Church Terrell Main Library The libraries have collections of print and media materials and provide access to various online databases and journals Beyond the 2 4 million plus items available on campus Oberlin students have access to more than 46 million volumes from over 85 Ohio institutions through the OhioLINK consortium 98 In the summer of 2007 the main level of the main library was converted into an Academic Commons that provides integrated learning support and is a hub of both academic and social activity 99 Experimental College Edit The college s Experimental College or ExCo program a student run department allows any student or interested person to teach their own class for a limited amount of college credit ExCo classes by definition focus on material not covered by existing departments or faculty 100 101 Winter term Edit Oberlin s Winter term occurring each January is described as a time for students to pursue interests outside of regular course offerings through immersive learning experiences 102 Students may work alone or in groups either on or off campus and may design their own project or pick from a list of projects and internships set up by the college each year 103 Students must complete a winter term project three years out of their four in the College of Arts and Sciences Projects range from serious academic research with co authorship in scientific journals humanitarian projects making films about historic Chicago neighborhoods and learning how to bartend A full credit project is suggested to involve five to six hours per weekday 104 Creativity and Leadership Edit Created in 2005 as a part of the Northeast Ohio Collegiate Entrepreneurship Program NEOCEP a Kauffman Campuses Initiative and sponsored by the Burton D Morgan and Ewing Marion Kauffman the department is focused on supporting and highlighting entrepreneurship within the student body 105 106 This is done through a series of classes symposia Winter Term programs grants and fellowships available at no cost to current students and in some cases recent alumni 107 One such opportunity is the Creativity and Leadership Fellowship a one year fellowship for graduating seniors that includes a stipend of up to 30 000 dollars to advance an entrepreneurial venture 108 In 2012 the Creativity and Leadership department announced LaunchU 109 110 a business accelerator open to Oberlin College students and alumni who are pursuing an entrepreneurial venture The selective three week intensive program connects the participants with other entrepreneurs and business leaders chosen from the surrounding northeast Ohio region as well as the extensive Oberlin College alumni network LaunchU culminates in a public pitch competition before a guest panel of investors where the participants have the opportunity to be awarded up to 15 000 in funding The winner of the 2014 LaunchU pitch competition was Chai Energy a Los Angeles based green energy startup focused on modernizing and personalizing home energy monitoring 111 112 113 In 2014 LaunchU announced the creation of an online network in order to build stronger connections between entrepreneurs within the Oberlin College students and alumni network with a focus on attracting younger alumni 114 Oberlin s North Quad the center of North Campus and locations of the Barrows Burton East Noah and Barnard Houses Campus culture EditPolitical activism Edit Oberlin protest speakers The Oberlin student body has a long history of activism and a reputation for being notably liberal 115 The college was ranked among the Princeton Review s list of Colleges with a Conscience in 2005 116 In the 1960s Memorial Arch became a rallying point for the college s civil rights activists and its anti war movement Oberlin supplied a disproportionate number of participants in Mississippi Freedom Summer rebuilt the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church in the Carpenters for Christmas project supported NAACP sponsored sit ins in Cleveland to integrate the building trades and with the SCLC participated in demonstrations at Hammermill Paper In 1995 Emeritus Professor of Sociology 1966 2007 James Leo Walsh told The Oberlin Review that students carried out dozens of protests against the Vietnam war ranging from peaceful picketing to surrounding a local naval recruiter s car 117 118 In November 2002 100 college workers students and faculty held a mock funeral for the spirit of Oberlin in response to the administration s laying off 11 workers and reducing the work hours of five other workers without negotiation with college unions 119 Oberlin Students have protested instances of fracking in Ohio such as the first natural gas and fracturing industry conference in the state in 2011 120 Students and town residents protest the War in Afghanistan and oil well fracking In 2004 student activism led to a campus wide ban on sales of Coca Cola products due to the company s human and labor rights violations 121 However the ban was revoked in spring 2014 and students may now buy Coca Cola products from the student union 122 In 2013 after the discovery of hateful messages and the alleged sighting of a person wearing KKK robes president Marvin Krislov cancelled classes and called for a day of reflection and change In a public statement he stated that an investigation had identified two students believed to be largely responsible who had been removed from campus 123 124 125 One of the students responsible said to police that he was doing it as a joke to see the college overreact to it 126 During the fall 2014 semester Oberlin s Student Labor Action Coalition organized a petition to permit dining hall temporary workers working four hour shifts to eat one meal from food the college throws out each day The petition garnered over 1 000 signatures and resulted in workers obtaining the opportunity to put food into a management given styrofoam container to eat after their shifts 127 128 129 In May 2015 students temporarily took over their school s administration building to protest a 2 300 increase in tuition cost between the 2015 and 2016 academic school years 130 Students initially proposed moving from providing merit aid to need based scholarships loosening on campus dining and housing requirements reducing food waste and temporary workers in Campus Dining Services to the school s Vice President of Finance Mike Frandsen on Monday April 27 2015 in which their demands were declined for issue 10 931 088 were allocated to management salaries for the 2013 2014 school year much of which came from student tuition 131 132 In December 2015 Oberlin s Black Student Union issued a series of 50 specific demands of the college and conservatory including promoting certain black faculty to tenured positions hiring more black faculty firing other faculty members and obtaining a 15 an hour minimum wage for all campus workers and guaranteed health care in their contracts The board of trustees responded by appointing some of the individual faculty and by reviewing the allocation of faculty positions with consideration of how they will contribute to interactional diversity in the curriculum in the college s 2016 2021 strategic plan 133 134 135 136 The college opposed firing any employees in response and neglected to issue formal responses to many of the other demands though it has sought to cut wages and health care funds for administrators office workers and library support staff during contract negotiations with the Office and Professional Employees International Union 137 Many campus workers still earn the minimum wage 127 Over 75 students protested the college s attempt to alter administrator office worker and library support staff contracts during spring 2016 contract negotiations 138 Alums for Campus Fairness has called on Oberlin to address the antisemitic hate speech directed to Jewish students 139 140 141 LGBT advocacy Edit Oberlin is also known for its liberal attitude toward sexuality and gender expression Oberlin has been consistently ranked among the friendliest college campuses for LGBT students by multiple publications including The Advocate Newsweek and The Princeton Review 142 143 144 Student Cooperative Association Edit Keep Cottage one of the four housing co ops The Oberlin Student Cooperative Association or OSCA is a non profit corporation that houses 174 students in four housing co ops and feeds 594 students in eight dining co ops Its budget is more than 2 million making it the third largest of its kind in North America behind the Berkeley Student Cooperative and the Inter Cooperative Council of Ann Arbor 145 146 147 OSCA is entirely student run with all participating students working as cooks buyers administrators and coordinators Every member is required to do at least one hour per week of cleaning if they are able encouraging accountability for the community and the space Most decisions within OSCA are made by modified consensus Oberlin bans all fraternities and sororities making the co ops the largest student organized social system at the college In addition to OSCA s four housing dining and three dining only cooperatives Brown Bag Co op is an OSCA backed grocery that sells personal servings of food at bulk prices OSCA also funds the Nicaragua Sister Partnership NICSIS a sister cooperative with Nicaragua s National Union of Farmers and Ranchers UNAG Outside of OSCA other Oberlin co ops include the Bike Co op Pottery Co op and SWAP The Oberlin Book Co op In the spring of 2013 the Board of Directors of OSCA made a decision in a closed door meeting to remove the Kosher Halal Co op from the Association after disputes over budgets and kitchen inspections 148 Although KHC served both Kosher and Halal food the membership was predominantly Jewish and some alumni wrote that they believed the expulsion to be anti Semitic in nature 74 149 Music Edit In addition to Oberlin Conservatory Oberlin has musical opportunities available for amateur musicians and students in the college Oberlin Steel a steel pan ensemble founded around 1980 150 plays calypso soca music from Trinidad and Tobago and has been performing at Oberlin s Commencement Illumination event for over 30 years Oberlin College Taiko founded in 2008 151 explores and shares Japanese taiko drumming as both a traditional and contemporary art form The entirely student run Oberlin College Marching Band OCMB founded in 1998 performs at various sporting events including football games women s rugby and pep rallies throughout the year There are a number of a cappella groups including Pitch Please all gender all genre the Obertones men and nonbinary Nothing But Treble women and nonbinary the Acapelicans women and nonbinary Round Midnight all gender jazz folk Other notable music organizations include the Black Musicians Guild and the Arts and Sciences Orchestra Students in the college can form chamber groups and receive coaching through the Conservatory Student composers also provide a demand for musicians to perform their work Allen Memorial Art Museum location of Oberlin s Art Rental program Film Edit Thomas Edison s moving picture show was shown in Oberlin in February 1900 152 Just seven years later Oberlin s Apollo Theater opened installing sound equipment for the 1928 release of The Jazz Singer the first talkie The theater has since been a mainstay in the Oberlin community at its comfortable locale on south campus and in 2012 after a year of renovations became the centerpiece for The Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman Cinema Studies Center for Media Education and Production The area above the theatre includes editing labs an animation area a recording studio and small projection screening room 153 Art rental Edit Oberlin s Allen Memorial Art Museum has an art rental program where students can borrow original etchings lithographs and paintings by artists including Pierre Auguste Renoir Andy Warhol Salvador Dali and Pablo Picasso for five dollars per semester The program was started in the 1940s by Ellen H Johnson a professor of art at Oberlin in order to develop the aesthetic sensibilities of students and encourage ordered thinking and discrimination in other areas of their lives 154 Sustainability Edit The Adam Joseph Lewis Center location of the environmental studies department In 2006 Oberlin became one of the charter institutions to sign the ACUPCC and set a target climate neutrality date for 2025 155 Oberlin s innovative Adam Joseph Lewis Center For Environmental Studies a building the Department of Energy labeled as one of the milestone buildings of the 20th century incorporates a 4 600 square foot 425 square meter photovoltaic array the biggest of its kind in Ohio at the time The AJLC also features a Living Machine garden orchard and parking lot solar array The school utilizes biodiesel hybrid and electric vehicles for various purposes offers financial support to a local transit company providing public transportation to the school and has been home to the Oberlin Bike Co op a cooperatively run bicycle center since 1986 Each residence hall monitors and displays real time and historic electricity and water use Some dorms also have special lamps which display a color depending on how real time energy use compares to the average historic energy use The school s Campus Committee on Shareholder Responsibility provides students faculty and staff with the opportunity to make suggestions and decisions on proxy votes A student board the Oberlin College Green EDGE Fund manages a set of accounts to support local sustainability resource efficiency and carbon offsetting projects The Green EDGE Fund created in 2007 156 allocates grants for environmental sustainability projects and verifiable carbon offsetting projects within the Oberlin community as well as loans from a revolving fund for projects at Oberlin College that reduce resource consumption and have calculable financial savings for the college 157 In 2007 Oberlin received a grade of B from the Sustainable Endowments Institute s annual College Sustainability Report Card and was featured among schools as a Campus Sustainability Leader 158 In 2008 Oberlin received an A on the annual College Sustainability Report Card 159 It was also listed as the school with the greenest conscience by Plenty in their green campuses ratings 160 In 2011 the college received an A on the Sustainability Report card 161 Oberlin College participated in AASHE s Sustainability Tracking Assessment and Rating System STARS in early 2012 Oberlin College was one of only 43 institutions to receive a grade of Gold in STARS 162 According to a 2010 article in The Oberlin Review renovated dorms may use more electricity 163 This is the case for several dorms renovated during the summer of 2008 163 The college architect Steve Varelmann has called the numbers erratic and possibly unreliable 163 According to Varelmann a possible explanation for this phenomenon is that previously non functioning equipment started functioning again after the renovation 164 Students may also be at fault for their behavior What electronic devices are they using Are they voluntarily reducing light usage Are spaces experiencing increased use due to the improvements achieved from the renovation 164 John Scofield professor of physics at Oberlin concluded that We are building more and more efficient buildings yet we re using more energy 164 Campus publications and media EditOberlin students publish a wide variety of periodicals The college s largest publications are The Oberlin Review and The Grape The Oberlin Review is a traditional weekly newspaper focusing on current events with a circulation of around 1 700 165 There is also a newspaper pertaining to the interests of students of color called In Solidarity Magazines on campus include Wilder Voice a magazine for creative nonfiction and long form journalism 166 The Plum Creek Review a literary review containing student written fiction poetry translations and visual art 167 Headwaters Magazine an environmental magazine 168 and The Synapse a science magazine 169 170 Spiral is a magazine focused on genre fiction The college also produces a quarterly alumni magazine 171 while the Conservatory publishes its own magazine once a year The WOBC News Corps a news division of WOBC FM created in February 2010 produces local news segments that air bi hourly WOBC a large student organization with significant non student membership also maintains an online blog that focuses on music and local events Athletics EditThe school s varsity sports teams are the Yeomen and Yeowomen The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the school s official motto Early on in the program football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or O Men Eventually as the athletic department became more cohesive the Yeomen mascot was adopted drawing on the phonetic sound of O Men and the schools official motto of Learning and Labor As women s sports became more prevalent Yeowomen was adopted to describe the mascot representing women s athletics In 2014 the school announced that the albino squirrel will be its official mascot although teams will continue to be referred to as yeomen and yeowomen 172 Oberlin participates in the NCAA s Division III and the North Coast Athletic Conference NCAC a conference which includes Kenyon College Denison University Wooster College Wabash College and others Kenyon has traditionally been Oberlin s biggest rival In 2022 leaders of the Athletic Department and various club sports spoke out in favor of increased institutional support for the teams requesting that the college provide access to professional sports trainers and team transportation 173 174 The college also hosts several private sports teams including the Oberlin Ultimate team Baseball Edit On May 8 2015 the Oberlin baseball team won the championship of the NCAC The championship was the first for Oberlin as a baseball team since it joined the NCAC in 1984 175 Football Edit Main article Oberlin Yeomen football Oberlin s football team was the first team coached by John Heisman who led the team to a 7 0 record in 1892 Oberlin is the last college in Ohio to beat Ohio State winning 7 6 in 1921 Though in modern times the football team was more famous for losing streaks of 40 games 1992 1996 and 44 games 1997 2001 the Yeomen have enjoyed limited success in recent years Cheerleading Edit In 2011 Oberlin began its most recent attempt to feature a cheerleading squad In 2006 a cheerleader fell from atop a pyramid at a football game initiating the demise of Oberlin s Cheerleading Club That injury prompted the school to restrict the club s activities prohibiting stunting and tumbling after which participation fizzled out The club s charter however remained intact and was used to bring the squad back in 2011 Tryouts were held in the spring of 2011 and the cheerleading team went active at Oberlin s first home football game that Fall a 42 0 win over Kenyon College The squad also cheers for the basketball team and participates in spirit building and service events across campus and in the community 176 Ultimate Edit Oberlin has both men s and a women s Ultimate club teams known as the Flying Horsecows and the Preying Manti respectively 177 The Horsecows have made trips to College Nationals in 1992 1995 1997 1999 2010 2018 and 2022 178 The Manti qualified for Nationals for the first time in 1997 and have been recently in 2010 2013 2016 and 2018 179 The Manti won the Division III national championship on May 19 2019 defeating the top ranked Bates Cold Front by a score of 13 7 180 The Horsecows placed 5th nationally in 2022 the highest finish in program history Notable people EditAlumni Further information List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people Notable alumni Faculty Further information List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people Notable faculty Other List of Oberlin College and Conservatory peopleSee also EditMount Oberlin Glacier National Park named after the college New York Central College McGrawvilleReferences Edit NAICU Membership Archived from the original on November 9 2015 Vietze Anisa College Endowment Surpasses 1 Billion Oberlin Review Archived from the original on March 20 2021 Retrieved March 18 2021 a b NCES College 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to discuss campus anti Semitism with alums Jta org January 27 2016 Archived from the original on September 16 2017 Retrieved April 16 2017 SFP on Anti Semitism Complicity and Action The Oberlin Review October 3 2014 Archived from the original on August 25 2020 Retrieved August 9 2020 Stanley Becker Isaac June 10 2019 Protests at Oberlin labeled a bakery racist Now the college has been ordered to pay 11 million for libel Washington Post Archived from the original on June 17 2019 Retrieved June 19 2019 Joy Karega over incendiary statements on social media including her suggestion that Israel was behind the 9 11 terrorist attacks Oberlin Professor Claims Israel Was Behind 9 11 ISIS Charlie Hebdo Attack Thetower org February 25 2016 Archived from the original on November 5 2016 Retrieved November 4 2016 Oberlin professors condemn colleague s controversial remarks others defend them Insidehighered com Archived from the original on November 5 2016 Retrieved November 4 2016 Colleen Flaherty 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original on March 2 2014 Retrieved October 3 2014 Oberlin edu Oberlin edu Archived from the original on December 2 2008 Retrieved September 15 2014 Oberlin College Athletics Oberlin is Going Nuts Over Its New Athletics Mascot Oberlin College Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved September 15 2014 StackPath www asumag com Retrieved November 3 2022 Karlgaard Joe et al October 5 2007 Club Sports Demand Equal Attention The Oberlin Review Archived from the original on September 26 2008 Retrieved August 9 2008 Oberlin College Athletics Baseball Wins NCAC Title for the First Time in School History Oberlin College Archived from the original on June 30 2015 Retrieved June 28 2015 Perry Nick Oberlin Cheerleading Club Revived Fearless and Loathing Archived from the original on 2 October 2011 Retrieved 10 October 2011 The Preying Manti Oberlin edu Archived from the original on May 28 2010 Retrieved September 15 2014 Oberlin Flying Horsecows College Championships Archived from the original on December 7 2018 Retrieved December 6 2018 Oberlin Preying Manti College Championships Archived from the original on December 7 2018 Retrieved December 6 2018 When It Counts Oberlin Peaks to Win National Championship Ultiworld May 21 2019 Archived from the original on May 20 2019 Retrieved May 22 2019 Further reading EditBarnard John From evangelicalism to progressivism at Oberlin College 1866 1917 The Ohio State University Press 1969 full text online free Fletcher Robert Samuel A history of Oberlin College From its foundation through the Civil War Oberlin 1943 Hogeland Ronald W Coeducation of the Sexes at Oberlin College A Study of Social Ideas in Mid Nineteenth Century America Journal of Social History 1972 73 6 2 pp 160 176 in JSTOR Morris J Brent Oberlin Hotbed of Abolitionism College Community and the Fight for Freedom and Equality in Antebellum America Chapel Hill NC University of North Carolina Press 2014 Waite Cally L The Segregation of Black Students at Oberlin College after Reconstruction History of Education Quarterly 2001 41 3 pp 344 64 in JSTOR Horton James Oliver Autumn 1985 Black Education at Oberlin College A Controversial Commitment Journal of Negro Education 54 4 477 499 doi 10 2307 2294710 JSTOR 2294710 Primary sources Edit Oberlin College General Catalogue of Oberlin College 1833 1908 Including an Account of the Principal Events in the History of the College with Illustrations of the College Buildings 1909 OnlineExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oberlin College Official website Oberlin College Encyclopedia Americana 1920 Oberlin Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oberlin College amp oldid 1134809040, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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