It was created in Split, in 1921, in order to fight communist insurgencies and Croatian separatism, and later Italian and Austrian irredentism.[2] The nominal leader was Milan Pribićević, brother of Yugoslav politician Svetozar Pribićević.[4] The organization ceased to exist in 1929, after the 6 January Dictatorship was established by King Alexander I.
The ORJUNA was founded in March 1921 in Split by the royal administrator of Croatia and funded by the provincial government to secure Yugoslavia from threats posed by communists, separatists, and other persons deemed threatening to the state.[5] The first president was Marko Nani and the first secretary Edo Bulat. The first actions organized by JNNO were demonstrations against communists because of the communist assassination of the Minister of Interior Milorad Drašković. JNNO organized demonstrations in Split, Zagreb and Osijek. In Zagreb, JNNO members even demolished offices of newspapers that blamed the government for assassination.
It was particularly influential in areas of Slovenia and Croatia that were of interest to Italian and Austrianirredentism as well as in areas where ethnic minorities where viewed to be powerful or separatist, such as Hungarians in Vojvodina. The membership of the movement was ethnically mixed of the various Yugoslav nationalities. However most of its members were Croats from Dalmatia.[6] It ran its own newspapers, had an academic club, a labour organization, a high school students wing "Young Yugoslavia", and a paramilitary organization, the Action Section.[2]
After 1922 people of all age groups started to join the organization, which changed its name in May 1922 to ORJUNA. ORJUNA's main political goal was maintaining a unitary Yugoslav state. Its members clashed with Austrian and Italian border patrols.[2] ORJUNA never participated directly in elections but its supporters voted for Yugoslav oriented parties. In 1929, when the King proclaimed his personal dictatorship and disbanded the parliament, ORJUNA supported the King's action, but because the King outlawed all political parties and organizations, the ORJUNA ceased to exist.
By 1925, ORJUNA's Action Groups accounted for 10,000 people.[3]
Ideologyedit
The primary ideological component of ORJUNA was integral Yugoslavism and establishing the corporatist state. The ORJUNA is believed to have been influenced by fascism in that like the original Italian Fascism, it had a similar organizational structure including a Yugoslav version of the Duce ("Leader"), titled Vođa and like Italian Fascism it glorified violence, including in its mottoes "Victory or Death" and "Whoever is not with us, is against us!".[3] The organization was loyal to the Karađorđević dynasty.
^Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo, eds. (7 September 2011). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications (published 2011). ISBN9781483305394. Retrieved 9 September 2020. [...] fascist Italy [...] developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between 'corporations' making up the body of the nation. Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s. The most prominent examples were Estado Novo in Portugal (1932-1968) and Brazil (1937-1945), the Austrian Standestaat (1933-1938), and authoritarian experiments in Estonia, Romania, and some other countries of East and East-Central Europe.
^Sugar 197, p. 137. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSugar197 (help)
Referencesedit
Banac, Ivo (1988). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN9780801494932.
Blamires, Cyprian P. (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-57607-940-9.
Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN978-0-253-34656-8.
Sugar, Peter F. (1971). Native Fascism in the Successor States, 1918-1945. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN9780874360745.
January 01, 1970
organization, yugoslav, nationalists, serbo, croatian, organizacija, jugoslavenskih, nacionalista, orjuna, Организација, Југославенских, Националиста, ОРЈУНА, political, organization, active, kingdom, serbs, croats, slovenes, that, existed, from, 1921, 1929, o. The Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists Serbo Croatian Organizacija Jugoslavenskih Nacionalista ORJUNA Organizaciјa Јugoslavenskih Nacionalista ORЈUNA was a political organization active in Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes that existed from 1921 to 1929 ORJUNA supported Yugoslav nationalism promoted the creation of a corporatist state and opposed communism democracy separatism Serbian and Croatian nationalism 2 It is believed to have been inspired by fascism of neighbouring Kingdom of Italy 3 Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists Organizacija Jugoslavenskih NacionalistaOrganizaciјa Јugoslavenskih NacionalistaLeaderLjubo LeonticNiko BartulovicFounded1921 103 years ago 1921 Dissolved1929 95 years ago 1929 HeadquartersSplit Yugoslavia until 1928 Belgrade Yugoslavia from 1928 1929 NewspaperORJUNAYouth wingMladi JugoslavijeParamilitary wingAkcija OdjeljakIdeologyYugoslav fascism Yugoslavism Corporate statism 1 Anti communism AntisemitismPolitical positionFar rightColours Blue White RedPolitics of YugoslaviaPolitical partiesElections It was created in Split in 1921 in order to fight communist insurgencies and Croatian separatism and later Italian and Austrian irredentism 2 The nominal leader was Milan Pribicevic brother of Yugoslav politician Svetozar Pribicevic 4 The organization ceased to exist in 1929 after the 6 January Dictatorship was established by King Alexander I Contents 1 History 2 Ideology 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp ORJUNA newsletter in Slovene from 1923 The ORJUNA was founded in March 1921 in Split by the royal administrator of Croatia and funded by the provincial government to secure Yugoslavia from threats posed by communists separatists and other persons deemed threatening to the state 5 The first president was Marko Nani and the first secretary Edo Bulat The first actions organized by JNNO were demonstrations against communists because of the communist assassination of the Minister of Interior Milorad Draskovic JNNO organized demonstrations in Split Zagreb and Osijek In Zagreb JNNO members even demolished offices of newspapers that blamed the government for assassination It was particularly influential in areas of Slovenia and Croatia that were of interest to Italian and Austrian irredentism as well as in areas where ethnic minorities where viewed to be powerful or separatist such as Hungarians in Vojvodina The membership of the movement was ethnically mixed of the various Yugoslav nationalities However most of its members were Croats from Dalmatia 6 It ran its own newspapers had an academic club a labour organization a high school students wing Young Yugoslavia and a paramilitary organization the Action Section 2 nbsp Photo of ORJUNA members in Celje After 1922 people of all age groups started to join the organization which changed its name in May 1922 to ORJUNA ORJUNA s main political goal was maintaining a unitary Yugoslav state Its members clashed with Austrian and Italian border patrols 2 ORJUNA never participated directly in elections but its supporters voted for Yugoslav oriented parties In 1929 when the King proclaimed his personal dictatorship and disbanded the parliament ORJUNA supported the King s action but because the King outlawed all political parties and organizations the ORJUNA ceased to exist By 1925 ORJUNA s Action Groups accounted for 10 000 people 3 Ideology editThe primary ideological component of ORJUNA was integral Yugoslavism and establishing the corporatist state The ORJUNA is believed to have been influenced by fascism in that like the original Italian Fascism it had a similar organizational structure including a Yugoslav version of the Duce Leader titled Vođa and like Italian Fascism it glorified violence including in its mottoes Victory or Death and Whoever is not with us is against us 3 The organization was loyal to the Karađorđevic dynasty See also editYugoslav National Movement Yugoslav Action Association of Fighters of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Radical UnionNotes edit Badie Bertrand Berg Schlosser Dirk Morlino Leonardo eds 7 September 2011 International Encyclopedia of Political Science SAGE Publications published 2011 ISBN 9781483305394 Retrieved 9 September 2020 fascist Italy developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between corporations making up the body of the nation Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s The most prominent examples were Estado Novo in Portugal 1932 1968 and Brazil 1937 1945 the Austrian Standestaat 1933 1938 and authoritarian experiments in Estonia Romania and some other countries of East and East Central Europe a b c d Blamires 2006 p 745 a b c Ramet 2006 p 59 Banac 1988 p 187 Ramet 2006 pp 58 59 Sugar 197 p 137 sfn error no target CITEREFSugar197 help References editBanac Ivo 1988 The National Question in Yugoslavia Origins History Politics Ithaca Cornell University Press ISBN 9780801494932 Blamires Cyprian P 2006 World Fascism A Historical Encyclopedia Santa Barbara ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 57607 940 9 Ramet Sabrina P 2006 The Three Yugoslavias State Building and Legitimation 1918 2005 Bloomington Indiana University Press ISBN 978 0 253 34656 8 Sugar Peter F 1971 Native Fascism in the Successor States 1918 1945 Santa Barbara ABC CLIO ISBN 9780874360745 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists amp oldid 1213905325, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
