Gerald Scarfe
Gerald Anthony Scarfe CBE RDI (born 1 June 1936) is an English cartoonist and illustrator. He has worked as editorial cartoonist for The Sunday Times and illustrator for The New Yorker.
Gerald Scarfe | |
|---|---|
Illustration of Scarfe | |
| Born | Gerald Anthony Scarfe 1 June 1936 London, England |
| Known for | |
| Notable work | Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982) Hercules (1997) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3 |
His other work includes graphics for rock group Pink Floyd, particularly on their 1979 album The Wall, its 1982 film adaptation, and tour (1980–81), as well as the music video for "Welcome to the Machine".[1][2] Scarfe was the production designer on the Disney animated feature Hercules (1997). Scarfe also provided the opening titles for Yes Minister and Yes, Prime Minister.
Early life
Scarfe was born in St John's Wood, London.[3] As Scarfe was severely asthmatic as a child, he spent many of his early years bed-ridden,[4] so drawing became a means of entertainment as well as a creative outlet. Scarfe speculated that the dark and grotesque images that often characterise his work are a result of his loneliness and asthma.[4] Scarfe has stated that the irreverence apparent in much of his work can be traced back to "dodgy treatments" and a reliance on what he feels were incompetent doctors.[5]
The cartoonist Ronald Searle was an early influence for Scarfe. At the age of 14 and now living in Hampstead, North London, Scarfe decided it would be easy to cycle to Bayswater and visit Searle. He went several times but never rang the doorbell. It would be decades before he would actually meet Searle in 2005.[6] Scarfe attended Saint Martin's School of Art (now part of the University of the Arts London) in Holborn, London.[7] He also attended the London College of Printing,[7] and East Ham Technical College (now Newham College of Further Education).[8]
Career
Early work
After briefly working in advertising, a profession he grew to dislike intensely, Scarfe's early caricatures of public figures were published in satirical magazine Private Eye throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Beginning in 1960, he produced illustrations for Punch, The Evening Standard and The Daily Sketch. The Sunday Times magazine assigned Scarfe to cover the 1964 US presidential election. He continued to work for The Sunday Times for two years, also producing several cover illustrations for Time magazine, including caricatures of The Beatles in 1967.[9]
In the mid-1960s he took a job at the Daily Mail following a Dutch auction for his services with the Daily Express. His decision to work for the Daily Mail led to his estrangement from fellow cartoonist Ralph Steadman, alongside whom he had studied art at East Ham Technical College. Soon after, Steadman was commissioned to illustrate Scarfe and "produced an image that was half saint and half Superman, but with a disconnected heart".[10] Scarfe spent only one year working for the Daily Mail, during which time he was sent to provide illustrations from the Vietnam War.
Pink Floyd and Roger Waters
Scarfe was approached to work with Pink Floyd after Roger Waters and Nick Mason both saw his animated BBC film A Long Drawn Out Trip. Pink Floyd's 1974 programme for their tour in the UK and US, in the form of a comic, included a centre-spread caricature of the band.[11] Scarfe later produced a set of animated short clips used on the 1977 In The Flesh tour, including a full-length music video for the song Welcome to the Machine.[12]
Scarfe also drew the illustrations for their 1979 album The Wall and provided animation and stage props, including enormous inflatable characters for the subsequent 1980–1981 concert tour in support of that album.[11] In 1982, he worked on the film version of The Wall, although he and Roger Waters fell out with director Alan Parker during the latter stages of editing.[13] As well as the artwork, Scarfe contributed 15 minutes' worth of elaborate animation to the film, including a sequence depicting the German bombing campaign over England during World War II, set to the song "Goodbye Blue Sky". Some of the animated footage was not original to the film, having been produced for and used in the 1980–81 concert tour, as well as being featured in the 1979 music video for "Another Brick in the Wall: Part 2".[citation needed]
Scarfe continued to work with Roger Waters after the latter left Pink Floyd, creating the graphics and animation for Waters' solo album The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984) and its supporting tour.[13] Scarfe was also involved in subsequent theatrical adaptations of The Wall, including The Wall Concert in Berlin (1990),[13] and Waters' worldwide The Wall Live (2010-2013) tour, where his animations were projected on a vast scale. Scarfe's collaboration with Waters was marked in 2008 by the release of a signed limited-edition eight-print series, "Scarfe on the Wall", which contained a monograph book with an extended new interview with Scarfe and was signed by Roger Waters. Early editions of "Scarfe on The Wall" (by date of pre-order, not issue number) came with an additional print giving a total of nine in the set - making these the rarest and most valuable sets. In 2010, Scarfe's book The Making of Pink Floyd: The Wall was published, detailing the artist's work with Pink Floyd and Roger Waters from 1974 to 2010. The book contains contributions from Floyd members Roger Waters, Nick Mason, and David Gilmour, as well as director of the film, Alan Parker.[14]
The Fall And Rise of Reginald Perrin
He designed the 'Grot' logo for the BBC TV series The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin.
Yes Minister
He provided caricatures of Paul Eddington, Sir Nigel Hawthorne and Derek Fowlds (as their respective characters) for the opening and closing sequences of Yes Minister and Yes, Prime Minister.[15]
Hercules
Scarfe was approached to work on the 1997 Disney film Hercules by Ron Clements and John Musker, longtime fans who had risen to prominence within Disney following the success of The Little Mermaid. Scarfe worked as a conceptual character artist, designing almost all of the characters and then supervising the 900 Disney artists charged with adapting his designs for the film.[16]
Postage stamps
The Royal Mail used Scarfe's artwork for a set of five commemorative postage stamps, issued on 23 April 1998. Honoring English comedians, the stamps feature Scarfe caricatures of Tommy Cooper, Eric Morecambe, Joyce Grenfell, Les Dawson and Peter Cook.[17][18]
Millennium Dome sculpture
He was invited to create a sculpture for the Millennium Dome, which was entitled "Self Portrait". The Dome's chief executive PY Gerbeau said "it mirrors what we like – and what we don't – about our nation".[19]
Theatre/stage design
Scarfe has designed sets for a number of operatic productions, including an adaptation of Roald Dahl's Fantastic Mr Fox. Following a chance meeting at a BBC prom he worked with Peter Hall on his version of Mozart's The Magic Flute, which drew critical acclaim. He is lined up to provide animation for Jim Steinman's Bat Out of Hell, a stage show featuring Steinman's music.[citation needed] Scarfe designed the sets and costumes for the English National Opera's 1988 production of Orpheus in the Underworld; among the costumes Scarfe designed were those of the characters Orpheus, Eurydice, and the Gods of Mount Olympus. He also produced all the costume and scenery designs for the 2002 Christopher Hampson production of The Nutcracker, for the English National Ballet.[20][citation needed]
Heroes and Villains
In 2003 Scarfe collaborated with the National Portrait Gallery and BBC Four to make caricatures of a number of famous Britons, to depict (along with guest commentary) their heroic and villainous attributes. Amongst the over 30 portraits he depicted included caricatures of Henry VIII, Winston Churchill, Queen Elizabeth I, Pete Best, Richard Branson, Adam Smith, William Blake, The Beatles, Agatha Christie and Diana, Princess of Wales. In 2009, he also created a caricature of James May out of Lego which was shown in episode 5 of James May's Toy Stories. Scarfe and Jane Asher also appeared in the episode.[citation needed]
Netanyahu cartoon
In its edition of 27 January 2013 (Britain's Holocaust Memorial Day), London's Sunday Times published a cartoon by Scarfe depicting Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu paving a wall with the blood and bodies of Palestinians, captioned "Israeli elections—will cementing peace continue?"[21] The cartoon's timing and content was criticised by groups including the European Jewish Congress and the Board of Deputies of British Jews, with accusations of antisemitism leveled against Scarfe.[22][23]
Unaware the cartoon would appear on Holocaust Memorial Day,[24] Scarfe argued that the cartoon was clearly aimed specifically at Netanyahu and his policies, and were in response to his election, rather than being related to Holocaust Memorial Day.[25][26] The newspaper's proprietor, Rupert Murdoch, apologised for the cartoon on Twitter, and acting editor Martin Ivens promised to be more vigilant in future.[27]
The cartoon was published in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, where Anshel Pfeffer discusses the cartoon in great detail, giving four reasons why, in his opinion, the cartoon is not antisemitic.[28] Writer Howard Jacobson claimed the cartoon was not antisemitic.[29] British Chief Rabbi Lord Sacks condemned the cartoon.[30]
Recycled Radio
Since June 2013, Scarfe has presented a programme on BBC Radio 4 called Recycled Radio,[31] which is described as "the chopped-up, looped-up, sped-up world...where old programmes are reused to explore a series of weighty subjects".[32]
Bristol Charity Auction
In October 2013 Scarfe donated his time to decorate one of the large Wallace & Gromit statues to be auctioned for the Bristol hospital charity that was featured live on the BBC.[33] His contribution finally ending up being sold to an internet bidder from Miami Florida where the statue was exported into a private collection, ultimately topping all estimates on value with a bid second highest only to the Pixar statue contribution.
Personal life
He is married to actress Jane Asher, whom he met in 1971.[34] The couple wed in 1981[35] and have a daughter and two sons.[36]
Awards and accolades
- On 22 November 2005 the United Kingdom's Press Gazette named its 40 most influential journalists, and included Scarfe alongside just two other cartoonists, Carl Giles, and Matt Pritchett.[37]
- Scarfe was awarded 'Cartoonist of the Year' at the British Press Awards 2006.[38]
- Scarfe was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.[39]
- In 2011, a fossil pterosaur discovered in Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, was named Cuspicephalus scarfi in his honour.[40]
Bibliography
- —— (1966). Gerald Scarfe's People.
- —— (1982). Gerald Scarfe. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0500272688.
- —— (1985). Father Kissmass and Mother Claws. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0241116951. authored with Bel Mooney
- —— (1986). Scarfe by Scarfe: An Autobiography in Pictures. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0241119594.
- —— (1987). Seven Deadly Sins. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0241123942.
- —— (1993). Scarfeface. Sinclair-Stevenson. ISBN 978-1856193139.
- —— (2003). Heroes and Villains: Scarfe at the National Portrait Gallery. National Portrait Gallery. ISBN 978-1855143388.
- —— (2005). Drawing Blood: Forty Five Years of Scarfe. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0316729529.
- —— (2008). Monsters: How George Bush Saved the World…. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1408700853.
- —— (2010). The Making of Pink Floyd - The Wall. ISBN 978-0306819971.
References
- ^ John Walker. (1987) "Gerald Scarfe & Pink Floyd" 1 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. In Cross-Overs: Art into Pop, Pop into Art/artdesigncafe. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Interview with Floydian Slip radio program". from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
- ^ GRO Register of Births: SEP 1936 1a 774 HAMPSTEAD, Gerald A. Scarfe, mmn = Gardner
- ^ a b Graham, 4 October 2019 Jane (4 October 2019). "Gerald Scarfe: How my childhood loneliness led to my grotesque cartoons". Big Issue.
- ^ Perry, Kevin (27 February 2007). "Gerald Scarfe feature interview and profile". London, UK: The Beaver. from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ^ Salter, Jessica (17 June 2010). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 December 2013.
- ^ a b Maurice Horn (1983). The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons, Volume 4. London: Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 9780877543992. p. 495. Accessed August 2013.
- ^ Fantoni, Barry (5 September 2019). A Whole Scene Going On: Inside the Sixties - From Private Eye to the Pop Revolution. Birlinn. ISBN 9781788852401.
- ^ Souter, Nick; Souter, Tessa (2012). The Illustration Handbook: A guide to the world's greatest illustrators. Oceana. p. 307. ISBN 978-1-84573-473-2.
- ^ Ralph Steadman (biography). British Cartoon Archive. University of Kent. from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ a b Miles, Barry; Mabbett, Andy (1994). Pink Floyd - The Visual Documentary. London: Omnibus. ISBN 978-0711941090.
- ^ Simone, Michael. . REG Magazine (22). Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
- ^ a b c Mabbett, Andy (2010). Pink Floyd - The Music and the Mystery. London: Omnibus. ISBN 9781849383707.
- ^ "BBC News Meet The Author: Gerald Scarfe on His Role with Pink Floyd", BBC News, 25 October 2010
- ^ "Scarfe's Yes Minister art on sale". Evening Standard. 5 April 2012.
- ^ Membery, York (25 March 2011). "Political drawing-room". Financial Times. from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- ^ . Daily Record (Scotland). 2 March 1998. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014. – via HighBeam Research (subscription required)
- ^ "Comic genius is licked". News.bbc.co.uk. BBC. 23 April 1998. from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Tour the Dome". BBC News. 2000. from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
- ^ Monahan, Mark (5 December 2010). "English National Ballet fights on". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ JPost.com staff (27 January 2013). "'Sunday Times' mocks Holocaust with Israel cartoon". The Jerusalem Post. from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ , JTA, 7 December 2013, archived from the original on 31 January 2013
- ^ "Cartoon continues to stir controversy". ynetnews. from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- ^ Jennifer Lipman "Scarfe "regrets timing" of Sunday Times Netanyahu cartoon" 31 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Jewish Chronicle, 28 January 2013.
- ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (28 January 2013), "Four reasons why UK cartoon of Netanyahu isn't anti-semitic in any way", Ha’aretz, from the original on 28 January 2013, retrieved 28 January 2013
- ^ "Outcry over UK paper's cartoon showing bloody Israeli oppression", The Times of Israel, from the original on 30 January 2013, retrieved 28 January 2013
- ^ "Rupert Murdoch apologises over Gerald Scarfe cartoon" 25 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 29 January 2013.
- ^ Mark Gardner and Anshel Pfeffer "Is the Sunday Times cartoon antisemitic?" 26 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 29 January 2013. The citation featured a reprint of the Haaretz article by Pfeffer, which is only available via subscription on the original site.
- ^ Howard Jacobson. "I don't care for Scarfe's cartoon but..." 26 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 1 February 2013.
- ^ British Chief Rabbi condemns Scarfe cartoon 1 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 29 January 2013; accessed 7 June 2014.
- ^ Hepworth, David (1 June 2013). "Next week's radio: from Recycled Radio to 5 Live's Big Day Out". The Guardian. from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ "Recycled Radio". BBC Radio 4. from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ "Gromit statue auction raises £2.3m for Bristol hospital". BBC News. 4 October 2013.
- ^ "My Secret Life: Jane Asher, actress & cook". 18 September 2011.
- ^ GRO Register of Marriages: SEP 1981 13 1708 KEN&CHELSEA - Scarfe = Asher
- ^ Thorpe, Vanessa (28 October 2012). "Scarfe Jr takes up father's satirical pen". The Observer.
- ^ Pearlman, Julia. "Media Bulletin". Brandrepublic.com. from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ^ "British Press Awards: Past winners". Press Gazette. 29 November 2007.
- ^ "No. 58729". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 2008. p. 8.
- ^ "Thatcher cartoonist Gerald Scarfe is Dorset fossil namesake". BBC Online. 21 November 2011. from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
External links
- Official website
- British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent 18 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Gerald Scarfe at IMDb
- Radio interview with Scarfe, streaming audio and transcript
- Scarfe discusses his collected works, Scarfe by Scarfe, with George Melly and Michael Kustov - a British Library sound recording
- An interview with Gerald Scarfe by "Floydian Slip" host Craig Bailey, October 2010