The first U.S. astronaut candidates were selected by NASA in 1959, for its Project Mercury with the objective of orbiting astronauts around the Earth in single-man capsules. The military services were asked to provide a list of military test pilots who met specific qualifications. After stringent screening, NASA announced its selection of the "Mercury Seven" as its first astronauts. Since then, NASA has selected 22 more groups of astronauts, opening the corps to civilians, scientists, doctors, engineers, and school teachers. As of the 2009 Astronaut Class, 61% of the astronauts selected by NASA have come from military service.[1]
NASA selects candidates from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. Including the "Original Seven", 339 candidates have been selected to date.[2]
Organization
The Astronaut Corps is based at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, although members may be assigned to other locations based on mission requirements, e.g. Soyuz training at Star City, Russia.
The Chief of the Astronaut Office is the most senior leadership position for active astronauts in the Corps. The Chief Astronaut serves as head of the Corps and is the principal adviser to the NASA Administrator on astronaut training and operations. The first Chief Astronaut was Deke Slayton, appointed in 1962. The current Chief Astronaut is Gregory R. Wiseman.
Salary
Salaries for newly hired civilian astronauts are based on the federal government's General Schedule pay scale for grades GS-11 through GS-14. The astronaut's grade is based on his or her academic achievements and experience.[3] Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS-15.[4] As of 2015, astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, earn between $66,026 (GS-11 step 1) and $158,700 (GS-15 step 8 and above).[5]
Military astronauts are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain on active duty for pay, benefits, leave, and similar military matters.
Qualifications
There are no age restrictions for the NASA Astronaut Corps. Astronaut candidates have ranged between the ages of 26 and 46, with the average age being 34. Candidates must be U.S. citizens to apply for the program.
There are three broad categories of qualifications: education, work experience, and medical.[6]
Candidates must have a master's degree from an accredited institution in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics.[7] The degree must be followed by at least two to three years of related, progressively responsible, professional experience (graduate work or studies) or at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. An advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for experience, such as a doctoral degree (which counts as the two years experience). Teaching experience, including experience at the K – 12 levels, is considered to be qualifying experience.
Candidates must have the ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical, which includes the following specific requirements:
Distant and near visual acuity: Must be correctable to 20/20, each eye separately (corrective lenses such as glasses are allowed)
The refractive surgical procedures of the eye, PRK and LASIK, are allowed, providing at least 1 year has passed since the date of the procedure with no permanent adverse after effects.
Blood pressure not to exceed 140/90 measured in a sitting position
As of December 2022[update], the corps has 41 "active" astronauts consisting of 16 women and 25 men or 39.0% female and 61.0% male[8] The highest number of active astronauts at one time was in 2000 when there were 149.[9] All of the current astronaut corps are from the classes of 1996 (Group 16) or later.
There are currently 19 "international active astronauts", "who are assigned to duties at the Johnson Space Center",[10] who were selected by their home agency to train as part of a NASA Astronaut Group and serve alongside their NASA counterparts. While the international astronauts, Payload Specialists, and Spaceflight Participants go through training with the NASA Astronaut Corps, they are not considered members of the corps.
The term "Astronaut Candidate" (informally "ASCAN"[14]) refers to individuals who have been selected by NASA as candidates for the NASA Astronaut Corps and are currently undergoing a candidacy training program at the Johnson Space Center. The most recent class of astronaut candidates was selected in 2021.[15]
Only three astronaut candidates have resigned before completing training: Brian O'Leary and Anthony Llewellyn, both from the 1967 Selection Group, and Robb Kulin of the 2017 group. O'Leary resigned in April 1968 after additional Apollo missions were cancelled, Llewellyn resigned in August 1968 after failing to qualify as a jet pilot, and Kulin resigned in August 2018 for unspecified personal reasons.[16] Another astronaut candidate, Stephen Thorne, died in an airplane accident before he could finish astronaut training.[17]
Former members
Selection as an astronaut candidate and subsequent promotion to astronaut does not guarantee the individual will eventually fly in space. Some have voluntarily resigned or been medically disqualified after becoming astronauts but before being selected for flights.
Civilian candidates are expected to remain with the corps for at least five years after initial training; military candidates are assigned for specific tours. After these time limits, members of the Astronaut Corps may resign or retire at any time.
^Three payload specialists were also killed on the two missions, but are not counted here because as payload specialists they were not considered members of the NASA Astronaut Corps.
nasa, astronaut, corps, unit, united, states, national, aeronautics, space, administration, nasa, that, selects, trains, provides, astronauts, crew, members, international, space, missions, based, johnson, space, center, houston, texas, nasa, space, suits, pre. The NASA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA that selects trains and provides astronauts as crew members for U S and international space missions It is based at Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas NASA space suits previously worn by the Astronaut Corps at the Johnson Space Center Contents 1 History 2 Organization 2 1 Salary 3 Qualifications 4 Members 4 1 Astronauts 4 2 Management astronauts 4 3 Astronaut candidates 4 4 Former members 4 4 1 A 4 4 2 B 4 4 3 C 4 4 4 D 4 4 5 E 4 4 6 F 4 4 7 G 4 4 8 H 4 4 9 I 4 4 10 J 4 4 11 K 4 4 12 L 4 4 13 M 4 4 14 N 4 4 15 O 4 4 16 P 4 4 17 R 4 4 18 S 4 4 19 T 4 4 20 V 4 4 21 W 4 4 22 Y 4 4 23 Z 5 Selection groups 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 8 1 Sources 9 External linksHistory EditThe first U S astronaut candidates were selected by NASA in 1959 for its Project Mercury with the objective of orbiting astronauts around the Earth in single man capsules The military services were asked to provide a list of military test pilots who met specific qualifications After stringent screening NASA announced its selection of the Mercury Seven as its first astronauts Since then NASA has selected 22 more groups of astronauts opening the corps to civilians scientists doctors engineers and school teachers As of the 2009 Astronaut Class 61 of the astronauts selected by NASA have come from military service 1 NASA selects candidates from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds From the thousands of applications received only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program Including the Original Seven 339 candidates have been selected to date 2 Organization EditThe Astronaut Corps is based at the Lyndon B Johnson Space Center in Houston although members may be assigned to other locations based on mission requirements e g Soyuz training at Star City Russia The Chief of the Astronaut Office is the most senior leadership position for active astronauts in the Corps The Chief Astronaut serves as head of the Corps and is the principal adviser to the NASA Administrator on astronaut training and operations The first Chief Astronaut was Deke Slayton appointed in 1962 The current Chief Astronaut is Gregory R Wiseman Salary Edit Salaries for newly hired civilian astronauts are based on the federal government s General Schedule pay scale for grades GS 11 through GS 14 The astronaut s grade is based on his or her academic achievements and experience 3 Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS 15 4 As of 2015 astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas earn between 66 026 GS 11 step 1 and 158 700 GS 15 step 8 and above 5 Military astronauts are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain on active duty for pay benefits leave and similar military matters Qualifications EditThere are no age restrictions for the NASA Astronaut Corps Astronaut candidates have ranged between the ages of 26 and 46 with the average age being 34 Candidates must be U S citizens to apply for the program There are three broad categories of qualifications education work experience and medical 6 Candidates must have a master s degree from an accredited institution in engineering biological science physical science or mathematics 7 The degree must be followed by at least two to three years of related progressively responsible professional experience graduate work or studies or at least 1 000 hours of pilot in command time in jet aircraft An advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for experience such as a doctoral degree which counts as the two years experience Teaching experience including experience at the K 12 levels is considered to be qualifying experience Candidates must have the ability to pass the NASA long duration space flight physical which includes the following specific requirements Distant and near visual acuity Must be correctable to 20 20 each eye separately corrective lenses such as glasses are allowed The refractive surgical procedures of the eye PRK and LASIK are allowed providing at least 1 year has passed since the date of the procedure with no permanent adverse after effects Blood pressure not to exceed 140 90 measured in a sitting position Standing height between 62 and 75 inchesMembers EditSee also Astronaut ranks and positions Astronauts Edit As of December 2022 update the corps has 41 active astronauts consisting of 16 women and 25 men or 39 0 female and 61 0 male 8 The highest number of active astronauts at one time was in 2000 when there were 149 9 All of the current astronaut corps are from the classes of 1996 Group 16 or later Astronaut Missions GroupJoe Acaba STS 119 Soyuz TMA 04M Expedition 31 32 Soyuz MS 06 Expedition 53 54 2004 Group 19Michael Barratt Soyuz TMA 14 Expedition 19 20 STS 133 2000 Group 18Kayla Barron SpaceX Crew 3 Expedition 66 67 2017 Group 22Eric Boe STS 126 STS 133 2000 Group 18Stephen Bowen STS 126 STS 132 STS 133 SpaceX Crew 6 Future Flight 2000 Group 18Randolph Bresnik STS 129 Soyuz MS 05 Expedition 52 53 2004 Group 19Zena Cardman None awaiting assignment 2017 Group 22Josh Cassada SpaceX Crew 5 Expedition 67 68 2013 Group 21Raja Chari SpaceX Crew 3 Expedition 66 67 2017 Group 22Matthew Dominick None awaiting assignment 2017 Group 22Tracy Caldwell Dyson STS 118 Soyuz TMA 18 Expedition 23 24 1998 Group 17Jeanette Epps Boeing Starliner 1 Future Flight 2009 Group 20Andrew Feustel STS 125 STS 134 Soyuz MS 08 Expedition 55 56 2000 Group 18Michael Fincke Soyuz TMA 4 Expedition 9 Soyuz TMA 13 Expedition 18 STS 134 Boeing Starliner 1 Future Flight 1996 Group 16Victor Glover SpaceX Crew 1 Expedition 64 65 2013 Group 21Nick Hague Soyuz MS 10 Soyuz MS 12 Expedition 59 60 2013 Group 21Bob Hines SpaceX Crew 4 Expedition 67 68 2017 Group 22Warren Hoburg SpaceX Crew 6 Future Flight 2017 Group 22Michael Hopkins Soyuz TMA 10M Expedition 37 38 SpaceX Crew 1 Expedition 64 65 2009 Group 20Jonny Kim None awaiting assignment 2017 Group 22Christina Koch Soyuz MS 12 Soyuz MS 13 Expedition 59 60 61 2013 Group 21Kjell Lindgren Soyuz TMA 17M Expedition 44 45 SpaceX Crew 4 Expedition 67 68 2009 Group 20Nicole Aunapu Mann SpaceX Crew 5 Expedition 67 68 2013 Group 21K Megan McArthur STS 125 SpaceX Crew 2 Expedition 65 66 2000 Group 18Anne McClain Soyuz MS 11 Expedition 58 59 2013 Group 21Jessica Meir Soyuz MS 15 Expedition 61 62 2013 Group 21Jasmin Moghbeli SpaceX Crew 7 Future Flight 2017 Group 22Andrew Morgan Soyuz MS 13 Soyuz MS 15 Expedition 60 61 62 2013 Group 21Loral O Hara Soyuz MS 24 Future Flight 2017 Group 22Donald Pettit STS 113 Soyuz TMA 1 Expedition 6 STS 126 Soyuz TMA 03M Expedition 30 31 1996 Group 16Kathleen Rubins Soyuz MS 01 Expedition 48 49 Soyuz MS 17 Expedition 63 64 2009 Group 20Frank Rubio Soyuz MS 22 Expedition 67 68 2017 Group 22Scott Tingle Soyuz MS 07 Expedition 54 55 Boeing Starliner 1 Future Flight 2009 Group 20Mark Vande Hei Soyuz MS 06 Expedition 53 54 Soyuz MS 18 Soyuz MS 19 Expedition 64 65 66 2009 Group 20Shannon Walker Soyuz TMA 19 Expedition 24 25 SpaceX Crew 1 Expedition 64 65 2004 Group 19Jessica Watkins SpaceX Crew 4 Expedition 67 68 2017 Group 22Douglas Wheelock STS 120 Soyuz TMA 19 Expedition 24 25 1998 Group 17Stephanie Wilson STS 121 STS 120 STS 131 1996 Group 16Sunita Williams STS 116 STS 117 Expedition 14 15 Soyuz TMA 05M Expedition 32 33 Boeing Crewed Flight Test Future Flight 1998 Group 17Barry Wilmore STS 129 Soyuz TMA 14M Expedition 41 42 Boeing Crewed Flight Test Future Flight 2000 Group 18Reid Wiseman Soyuz TMA 13M Expedition 40 41 2009 Group 20There are currently 19 international active astronauts who are assigned to duties at the Johnson Space Center 10 who were selected by their home agency to train as part of a NASA Astronaut Group and serve alongside their NASA counterparts While the international astronauts Payload Specialists and Spaceflight Participants go through training with the NASA Astronaut Corps they are not considered members of the corps Management astronauts Edit As of January 2021 update the corps has 16 management astronauts who remain NASA employees but are no longer eligible for flight assignment 11 The current management astronauts are assigned to NASA operations as follows Ames Research Center one astronaut Goddard Space Flight Center one Johnson Space Center ten Langley Research Center one and NASA Headquarters three 11 The current management astronauts includes personnel chosen to join the corps as early as 1985 Group 11 Associate Administrator Robert D Cabana 12 and as recently as 2009 Group 20 Serena Aunon Chancellor of medical and CAPCOM branches 13 Astronaut candidates Edit The term Astronaut Candidate informally ASCAN 14 refers to individuals who have been selected by NASA as candidates for the NASA Astronaut Corps and are currently undergoing a candidacy training program at the Johnson Space Center The most recent class of astronaut candidates was selected in 2021 15 Only three astronaut candidates have resigned before completing training Brian O Leary and Anthony Llewellyn both from the 1967 Selection Group and Robb Kulin of the 2017 group O Leary resigned in April 1968 after additional Apollo missions were cancelled Llewellyn resigned in August 1968 after failing to qualify as a jet pilot and Kulin resigned in August 2018 for unspecified personal reasons 16 Another astronaut candidate Stephen Thorne died in an airplane accident before he could finish astronaut training 17 Former members Edit Selection as an astronaut candidate and subsequent promotion to astronaut does not guarantee the individual will eventually fly in space Some have voluntarily resigned or been medically disqualified after becoming astronauts but before being selected for flights Civilian candidates are expected to remain with the corps for at least five years after initial training military candidates are assigned for specific tours After these time limits members of the Astronaut Corps may resign or retire at any time Three members of the Astronaut Corps Gus Grissom Edward White and Roger B Chaffee were killed during a ground test accident while preparing for the Apollo 1 mission Eleven were killed during spaceflight on Space Shuttle missions STS 51 L and STS 107 note 1 Another four Elliot See Charles Bassett Theodore Freeman and Clifton Williams were killed in T 38 plane crashes during training for space flight during the Gemini and Apollo programs Another was killed in a 1967 automobile accident and another died in a 1991 commercial airliner crash while traveling on NASA business Two members of the corps have been involuntarily dismissed Lisa Nowak and William Oefelein Both were returned to service with the US Navy A Edit James Adamson STS 28 STS 43 Thomas Akers STS 41 STS 49 STS 61 STS 79 Buzz Aldrin Gemini 12 Apollo 11 Andrew Allen STS 46 STS 62 STS 75 Joseph Allen STS 5 STS 51 A Scott Altman STS 90 STS 106 STS 109 STS 125 William Anders Apollo 8 Clayton Anderson STS 117 STS 120 Expedition 15 STS 131 Michael Anderson STS 89 STS 107 Dominic Antonelli STS 119 STS 132 Jerome Apt STS 37 STS 47 STS 59 STS 79 Lee Archambault STS 117 STS 119 Neil Armstrong Gemini 8 Apollo 11 Richard Arnold STS 119 Soyuz MS 08 Expedition 55 56 Jeffrey Ashby STS 93 STS 100 STS 112 Serena Aunon Chancellor Soyuz MS 09 Expedition 56 57 B Edit James Bagian STS 29 STS 40 Ellen Baker STS 34 STS 50 STS 71 Michael Baker STS 43 STS 52 STS 68 STS 81 Daniel Barry STS 72 STS 96 STS 105 Charles Bassett Alan Bean Apollo 12 Skylab 3 Robert Behnken STS 123 STS 130 SpaceX Demo 2 Expedition 63 John Blaha STS 29 STS 33 STS 43 STS 58 STS 79 STS 81 Mir EO 22 Michael Bloomfield STS 86 STS 97 STS 110 Guion Bluford STS 8 STS 61 A STS 39 STS 53 Karol Bobko STS 6 STS 51 D STS 51 J Charles Bolden STS 61 C STS 31 STS 45 STS 60 Frank Borman Gemini 7 Apollo 8 Kenneth Bowersox STS 50 STS 61 STS 73 STS 82 STS 113 Soyuz TMA 1 Expedition 6 Charles Brady STS 78 Vance Brand Apollo Soyuz Test Project STS 5 STS 41B STS 35 Daniel Brandenstein STS 8 STS 51 G STS 32 STS 49 Roy Bridges STS 51 F Curtis Brown STS 47 STS 66 STS 77 STS 85 STS 95 STS 103 David Brown STS 107 Mark Brown STS 28 STS 48 James Buchli STS 51 C STS 61 A STS 29 STS 48 John Bull Daniel Burbank STS 106 STS 115 Soyuz TMA 22 Expedition 29 30 Daniel Bursch STS 51 STS 68 STS 77 STS 108 STS 111 Expedition 4 C Edit Robert Cabana STS 41 STS 53 STS 65 STS 88 Yvonne Cagle Fernando Caldeiro Charles Camarda STS 114 Kenneth Cameron STS 37 STS 56 STS 74 Duane Carey STS 109 Scott Carpenter Mercury Atlas 7 Gerald Carr Skylab 4 Sonny Carter STS 33 John Casper STS 36 STS 54 STS 62 STS 77 Christopher Cassidy STS 127 Soyuz TMA 08M Expedition 35 36 Soyuz MS 16 Expedition 62 63 Gene Cernan Gemini 9A Apollo 10 Apollo 17 Roger Chaffee Apollo 1 Gregory Chamitoff STS 124 STS 126 Expedition 17 18 STS 134 Franklin Chang Diaz STS 61 C STS 34 STS 46 STS 60 STS 75 STS 91 STS 111 Philip Chapman Kalpana Chawla STS 87 STS 107 Leroy Chiao STS 65 STS 72 STS 92 Soyuz TMA 5 Expedition 10 Kevin Chilton STS 49 STS 59 STS 76 Laurel Clark STS 107 Mary Cleave STS 61 B STS 30 Michael Clifford STS 53 STS 59 STS 76 Michael Coats STS 41 D STS 29 STS 39 Kenneth Cockrell STS 56 STS 69 STS 80 STS 98 STS 111 Catherine Coleman STS 73 STS 93 Soyuz TMA 20 Expedition 26 27 Eileen Collins STS 63 STS 84 STS 93 STS 114 Michael Collins Gemini 10 Apollo 11 Pete Conrad Gemini 5 Gemini 11 Apollo 12 Skylab 2 Gordon Cooper Mercury Atlas 9 Gemini 5 Richard Covey STS 51 I STS 26 STS 38 STS 61 Timothy Creamer Soyuz TMA 17 Expedition 22 23 John Creighton STS 51 G STS 36 STS 48 Robert Crippen STS 1 STS 7 STS 41 C STS 41 G Frank Culbertson STS 38 STS 51 STS 105 STS 108 Expedition 3 Walter Cunningham Apollo 7 Robert Curbeam STS 85 STS 98 STS 116 Nancy Currie STS 57 STS 70 STS 88 STS 109D Edit Jan Davis STS 47 STS 60 STS 85 Alvin Drew STS 118 STS 133 Brian Duffy STS 45 STS 57 STS 72 STS 92 Charles Duke Apollo 16 Bonnie Dunbar STS 61 A STS 32 STS 50 STS 71 STS 89 James Dutton STS 131E Edit Joe Edwards STS 89 Donn Eisele Apollo 7 Anthony England STS 51 F Joe Engle ALT STS 2 STS 51I Ronald Evans Apollo 17F Edit John Fabian STS 7 STS 51 G Christopher Ferguson STS 115 STS 126 STS 135 Jack Fischer Soyuz MS 04 Expedition 52 53 Anna Fisher STS 51 A William Fisher STS 51 I Michael Foale STS 45 STS 56 STS 63 STS 84 STS 86 Mir EO 23 24 STS 103 Soyuz TMA 3 Expedition 8 Kevin Ford STS 128 Soyuz TMA 06M Expedition 33 34 Michael Foreman STS 123 STS 129 Patrick Forrester STS 105 STS 117 STS 128 Michael Fossum STS 121 STS 124 Soyuz TMA 02M Expedition 28 29 Theodore Freeman Stephen Frick STS 110 STS 122 C Gordon Fullerton ALT STS 3 STS 51 FG Edit Ronald Garan STS 124 Soyuz TMA 21 Expedition 27 28 Dale Gardner STS 8 STS 51 A Guy Gardner STS 27 STS 35 Owen Garriott Skylab 3 STS 9 Charles Gemar STS 38 STS 48 STS 62 Michael Gernhardt STS 69 STS 83 STS 94 STS 104 Edward Gibson Skylab 4 Robert Gibson STS 41 B STS 61 C STS 27 STS 47 STS 71 Edward Givens John Glenn Mercury Atlas 6 STS 95 Linda Godwin STS 37 STS 59 STS 76 STS 108 Michael Good STS 125 STS 132 Richard Gordon Gemini 11 Apollo 12 Dominic Gorie STS 91 STS 99 STS 108 STS 123 Ronald Grabe STS 51 J STS 30 STS 42 STS 57 Duane Graveline Frederick Gregory STS 51 B STS 33 STS 44 William Gregory STS 67 S David Griggs STS 51 D Gus Grissom Mercury Redstone 4 Gemini 3 Apollo 1 John Grunsfeld STS 67 STS 81 STS 103 STS 109 STS 125 Sidney Gutierrez STS 40 STS 59H Edit Fred Haise Apollo 13 ALT James Halsell STS 65 STS 74 STS 83 STS 94 STS 101 Kenneth Ham STS 124 STS 132 Blaine Hammond STS 39 STS 64 Gregory Harbaugh STS 39 STS 54 STS 71 STS 82 Bernard Harris STS 55 STS 63 Terry Hart STS 41 C Henry Hartsfield STS 4 STS 41 D STS 61 A Frederick Hauck STS 7 STS 51 A STS 26 Stephen Hawley STS 41 D STS 61 C STS 31 STS 82 STS 93 Susan Helms STS 54 STS 64 STS 78 STS 101 STS 102 STS 105 Expedition 2 Karl Henize STS 51 F Terence Henricks STS 44 STS 55 STS 70 STS 78 Jose Hernandez STS 128 John Herrington STS 113 Richard Hieb STS 39 STS 49 STS 65 Joan Higginbotham STS 116 David Hilmers STS 51 J STS 26 STS 36 STS 42 Kathryn Hire STS 90 STS 130 Charles Hobaugh STS 104 STS 118 STS 129 Jeffrey Hoffman STS 51 D STS 35 STS 46 STS 61 STS 75 Donald Holmquest Scott Horowitz STS 75 STS 82 STS 101 STS 105 Douglas Hurley STS 127 STS 135 SpaceX Demo 2 Expedition 63 Rick Husband STS 96 STS 107I Edit James Irwin Apollo 15 Marsha Ivins STS 32 STS 46 STS 62 STS 81 STS 98J Edit Mae Jemison STS 47 Tamara Jernigan STS 40 STS 52 STS 67 STS 80 STS 96 Brent Jett STS 72 STS 81 STS 97 STS 115 Gregory C Johnson STS 125 Gregory H Johnson STS 123 STS 134 Thomas Jones STS 59 STS 68 STS 80 STS 98K Edit Janet Kavandi STS 91 STS 99 STS 104 James Kelly STS 102 STS 114 Mark Kelly STS 108 STS 121 STS 124 STS 134 Scott Kelly STS 103 STS 118 Soyuz TMA 01M Expedition 25 26 Soyuz TMA 16M Soyuz TMA 18M Expedition 43 44 45 46 Joseph Kerwin Skylab 2 Robert Kimbrough STS 126 Soyuz MS 02 Expedition 49 50 SpaceX Crew 2 Expedition 65 66 Timothy Kopra STS 127 STS 128 Expedition 20 Soyuz TMA 19M Expedition 46 47 Kevin Kregel STS 70 STS 78 STS 87 STS 99L Edit Wendy Lawrence STS 67 STS 86 STS 91 STS 114 Mark Lee STS 30 STS 47 STS 64 STS 82 David Leestma STS 41 G STS 28 STS 45 William Lenoir STS 5 Don Lind STS 51 B Steven Lindsey STS 87 STS 95 STS 104 STS 121 STS 133 Jerry Linenger STS 64 STS 81 STS 84 Mir EO 22 23 Richard Linnehan STS 78 STS 90 STS 109 STS 123 Paul Lockhart STS 111 STS 113 Michael Lopez Alegria STS 73 STS 92 STS 113 Soyuz TMA 9 Expedition 14 Axiom Mission 1 Christopher Loria John Lounge STS 51 I STS 26 STS 35 Jack Lousma Skylab 3 STS 3 Stanley Love STS 122 Jim Lovell Gemini 7 Gemini 12 Apollo 8 Apollo 13 G David Low STS 32 STS 43 STS 57 Edward Lu STS 84 STS 104 Soyuz TMA 2 Expedition 7 Shannon Lucid STS 51 G STS 34 STS 43 STS 58 STS 76 STS 79 Mir EO 21 22 M Edit Sandra Magnus STS 112 STS 126 STS 119 Expedition 18 STS 135 Thomas Marshburn STS 127 Soyuz TMA 07M Expedition 34 35 SpaceX Crew 3 Expedition 66 67 Michael Massimino STS 109 STS 125 Richard Mastracchio STS 106 STS 118 STS 131 Soyuz TMA 11M Expedition 38 39 Ken Mattingly Apollo 16 STS 4 STS 51 C William McArthur STS 58 STS 74 STS 92 Soyuz TMA 7 Expedition 12 Jon McBride STS 41 B Bruce McCandless STS 41 B STS 31 William McCool STS 107 Michael McCulley STS 34 James McDivitt Gemini 4 Apollo 9 Donald McMonagle STS 39 STS 54 STS 66 Ronald McNair STS 41 B STS 51 L Carl Meade STS 38 STS 50 STS 64 Bruce Melnick STS 41 STS 49 Pamela Melroy STS 92 STS 112 STS 120 Leland Melvin STS 122 STS 129 Dorothy Metcalf Lindenburger STS 131 Curt Michel Edgar Mitchell Apollo 14 Barbara Morgan STS 118 Lee Morin STS 110 Mike Mullane STS 41 D STS 27 STS 36 Story Musgrave STS 6 STS 51F STS 33 STS 44 STS 61 STS 80N Edit Steven Nagel STS 51 G STS 61 A STS 37 STS 55 George Nelson STS 41 C STS 51 D STS 26 James Newman STS 51 STS 69 STS 88 STS 109 Carlos Noriega STS 84 STS 97 Lisa Nowak STS 121 Karen Nyberg STS 124 Soyuz TMA 09M Expedition 36 37 O Edit Ellen Ochoa STS 56 STS 66 STS 96 STS 110 Bryan O Connor STS 61 B STS 40 William Oefelein STS 116 John Olivas STS 117 STS 128 Ellison Onizuka STS 51 C STS 51 L Stephen Oswald STS 42 STS 56 STS 67 Robert Overmyer STS 5 STS 51 BP Edit Scott Parazynski STS 66 STS 86 STS 95 STS 100 STS 120 Robert Parker STS 9 STS 35 Nicholas Patrick STS 116 STS 130 Donald Peterson STS 6 John Phillips STS 100 Soyuz TMA 6 Expedition 11 STS 119 William Pogue Skylab 4 Alan Poindexter STS 122 STS 131 Mark Polansky STS 98 STS 116 STS 127 Charles Precourt STS 55 STS 71 STS 84 STS 91R Edit William Readdy STS 42 STS 51 STS 79 Kenneth Reightler STS 48 STS 60 James Reilly STS 89 STS 104 STS 117 Garrett Reisman STS 123 STS 124 Expedition 16 17 STS 132 Judith Resnik STS 41 D STS 51 L Paul Richards STS 102 Richard Richards STS 28 STS 41 STS 50 STS 64 Sally Ride STS 7 STS 41 G Patricia Robertson Stephen Robinson STS 85 STS 95 STS 114 STS 130 Kent Rominger STS 73 STS 80 STS 85 STS 96 STS 100 Stuart Roosa Apollo 14 Jerry Ross STS 61 B STS 27 STS 37 STS 55 STS 74 STS 88 STS 110 Mario Runco STS 44 STS 54 STS 77S Edit Robert Satcher STS 129 Wally Schirra Mercury Atlas 8 Gemini 6A Apollo 7 Harrison Schmitt Apollo 17 Russell Schweickart Apollo 9 Francis Scobee STS 41 C STS 51 L David Scott Gemini 8 Apollo 9 Apollo 15 Winston Scott STS 72 STS 87 Richard Searfoss STS 58 STS 76 STS 90 Margaret Rhea Seddon STS 51 D STS 40 STS 58 Elliot See Ronald Sega STS 60 STS 76 Piers Sellers STS 112 STS 121 STS 132 Brewster Shaw STS 9 STS 61 B STS 28 Alan Shepard Mercury Redstone 3 Apollo 14 William Shepherd STS 27 STS 41 STS 52 Soyuz TM 31 STS 102 Expedition 1 Loren Shriver STS 51 C STS 31 STS 46 Deke Slayton Apollo Soyuz Test Project Michael Smith STS 51 L Steven Smith STS 68 STS 82 STS 103 STS 110 Sherwood Spring STS 61 B Robert Springer STS 29 STS 38 Thomas P Stafford Gemini 6A Gemini 9A Apollo 10 Apollo Soyuz Test Project Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper STS 115 STS 126 Robert Stewart STS 41 B STS 51 J Susan Still Kilrain STS 83 STS 94 Nicole Stott STS 128 STS 129 Expedition 20 21 STS 133 Frederick Sturckow STS 88 STS 105 STS 117 STS 128 Kathryn Sullivan STS 41 G STS 31 STS 45 Steven Swanson STS 117 STS 119 Soyuz TMA 12M Expedition 39 40 Jack Swigert Apollo 13T Edit Daniel Tani STS 108 STS 120 STS 122 Expedition 16 Norman Thagard STS 7 STS 51 B STS 30 STS 42 Soyuz TM 21 STS 71 Mir EO 18 Joseph Tanner STS 66 STS 82 STS 97 STS 115 Andy Thomas STS 77 STS 89 STS 91 Mir EO 24 25 STS 102 STS 114 Donald Thomas STS 65 STS 70 STS 83 STS 94 Kathryn Thornton STS 33 STS 49 STS 61 STS 73 William Thornton STS 8 STS 51 B Pierre Thuot STS 36 STS 49 STS 62 Richard Truly ALT STS 2 STS 8V Edit James Van Hoften STS 41 C STS 51 I Charles Veach STS 39 STS 52 Terry Virts STS 130 Soyuz TMA 15M Expedition 42 43 James Voss STS 44 STS 53 STS 69 STS 101 STS 102 STS 105 Expedition 2 Janice Voss STS 57 STS 63 STS 83 STS 94 STS 99W Edit Rex Walheim STS 110 STS 122 STS 135 David Walker STS 51 A STS 30 STS 53 STS 69 Carl Walz STS 51 STS 65 STS 79 STS 108 STS 111 Expedition 4 Mary Weber STS 70 STS 101 Paul Weitz Skylab 2 STS 6 James Wetherbee STS 32 STS 52 STS 63 STS 86 STS 102 STS 113 Ed White Gemini 4 Apollo 1 Peggy Whitson STS 111 STS 113 Expedition 5 Soyuz TMA 11 Expedition 16 Soyuz MS 03 Soyuz MS 04 Expedition 51 52 53 Terrence Wilcutt STS 68 STS 79 STS 89 STS 106 Clifton Williams Donald Williams STS 51 D STS 34 Jeffrey Williams STS 101 Soyuz TMA 8 Expedition 13 Soyuz TMA 16 Expedition 21 22 Soyuz TMA 20M Expedition 47 48 Peter Wisoff STS 57 STS 68 STS 81 STS 92 David Wolf STS 58 STS 86 STS 89 Mir EO 24 STS 112 STS 127 Neil Woodward Alfred Worden Apollo 15Y Edit John Young Gemini 3 Gemini 10 Apollo 10 Apollo 16 STS 1 STS 9Z Edit George Zamka STS 120 STS 130Selection groups Edit1959 Group 1 The Mercury Seven 1962 Group 2 The New Nine 1963 Group 3 The Fourteen 1965 Group 4 The Scientists 1966 Group 5 The Original 19 1967 Group 6 The Excess Eleven XS 11 1969 Group 7 USAF MOL Transfer no official nickname Astronauts selected from the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program 1978 Group 8 Thirty Five New Guys TFNG class included first female candidates 1980 Group 9 19 80 1984 Group 10 The Maggots 1985 Group 11 no official nickname 1987 Group 12 The GAFFers 1990 Group 13 The Hairballs 1992 Group 14 The Hogs 1994 Group 15 The Flying Escargot 1996 Group 16 The Sardines largest class to date 35 NASA candidates and nine international astronauts 1998 Group 17 The Penguins 2000 Group 18 The Bugs 2004 Group 19 The Peacocks 2009 Group 20 The Chumps 2013 Group 21 The 8 Balls composed of four male and four female candidates highest percentage of females 2017 Group 22 The Turtles 2022 Group 23 The Flies See also EditRoscosmos Cosmonaut Corps Canadian Astronaut Corps Chinese Astronaut Corps European Astronaut Corps List of astronauts by selection Human spaceflight History of spaceflightNotes Edit Three payload specialists were also killed on the two missions but are not counted here because as payload specialists they were not considered members of the NASA Astronaut Corps References Edit Astronauts nasa gov 11 February 2015 NASA Astronaut Selection Archived from the original on 2010 12 18 Retrieved 2010 12 23 NASA Astronaut Selection Archived 2010 12 24 at the Wayback Machine Astronaut Job Scribd Pay amp Leave Salaries amp Wages OPM gov U S Office of Personnel Management Astronaut Candidate Program Potter Sean Feb 11 2020 Explorers Wanted NASA to Hire More Artemis Generation Astronauts NASA Retrieved Apr 23 2021 NASA Active Astronauts nasa gov 2018 08 01 Retrieved 2018 08 31 How Many Astronauts Does NASA Need Dec 7 2010 7 December 2010 Partner Astronauts NASA 2018 12 11 Retrieved 2019 03 03 a b NASA Management Astronauts NASA 2021 01 24 Retrieved 2021 01 24 Biographical Data Robert D Cabana PDF NASA July 2014 Retrieved 2021 01 24 Serena M Aunon Chancellor M D NASA Astronaut PDF NASA October 2019 Retrieved 2021 01 24 Breaking News NASA instroduces its new class of astronauts Spaceflight Now Retrieved 2014 07 13 1 Archived August 27 2010 at the Wayback Machine chron com news nation world space article 2017 NASA astronaut candidate resigning this month 13185081 php Lyndon B Johnson Space Center November 1986 Stephen D Thorne PDF Biographical Data Houston Texas NASA Archived PDF from the original on 6 May 2021 Retrieved 6 May 2021 Astronaut Candidate Program Citations Sources Edit This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration External links EditNASA Astronaut Candidate Program Brochure Current NASA Astronaut Corps Members Former NASA Astronaut Corps Members Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title NASA Astronaut Corps amp oldid 1134427257 Selection groups, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
