STS-51-I
STS-51-I was the 20th mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the sixth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. During the mission, Discovery deployed three communications satellites into orbit. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3, 1985.
van Hoften next to the crippled Syncom IV-3 (Leasat-3) satellite, during the mission's first EVA. | |
| Names | Space Transportation System-20 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Satellites deployment Satellite repair |
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1985-076A |
| SATCAT no. | 15992 |
| Mission duration | 7 days, 2 hours, 17 minutes, 42 seconds (achieved) |
| Distance travelled | 4,698,602 km (2,919,576 mi) |
| Orbits completed | 112 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Space Shuttle Discovery |
| Launch mass | 118,981 kg (262,308 lb) |
| Landing mass | 89,210 kg (196,670 lb) |
| Payload mass | 17,540 kg (38,670 lb)[1] |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 5 |
| Members | |
| EVAs | 2 |
| EVA duration | 11 hours, 46 minutes First: 7 hours, 20 minutes Second: 4 hours, 26 minutes |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | August 27, 1985, 10:58:01 UTC |
| Rocket | Space Shuttle Discovery |
| Launch site | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A |
| Contractor | Rockwell International |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | September 3, 1985, 13:15:43 UTC |
| Landing site | Edwards Air Force Base, Runway 23 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 350 km (220 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 465 km (289 mi) |
| Inclination | 28.45° |
| Period | 92.00 minutes |
| Instruments | |
| Physical Vapor Transport Organic Solid Experiment (PVTOS) | |
STS-51-I mission patch Back row: James D. A. van Hoften, John M. Lounge, William F. Fisher Front row: Joe H. Engle, Richard O. Covey | |
Crew edit
| Position | Astronaut | |
|---|---|---|
| Commander | Joe H. Engle Second and last spaceflight | |
| Pilot | Richard O. Covey First spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 1 | James D. A. van Hoften Second and last spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 2 | John M. Lounge First spaceflight | |
| Mission Specialist 3 | William F. Fisher Only spaceflight | |
Spacewalks edit
- Fisher and van Hoften – EVA 1
- EVA 1 Start: August 31, 1985
- EVA 1 End: August 31, 1985
- Duration: 7 hours, 20 minutes
- Fisher and van Hoften – EVA 2
- EVA 2 Start: September 1, 1985
- EVA 2 End: September 1, 1985
- Duration: 4 hours, 26 minutes
Crew seating arrangements edit
| Seat[2] | Launch | Landing | Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck. |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | Engle | Engle | |
| S2 | Covey | Covey | |
| S3 | van Hoften | Fisher | |
| S4 | Lounge | Lounge | |
| S5 | Fisher | van Hoften |
Launch edit
| Attempt | Planned | Result | Turnaround | Reason | Decision point | Weather go (%) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 Aug 1985, 10:55:00 am | scrubbed | — | weather | (T-5:00) | ||
| 2 | 25 Aug 1985, 10:55:00 am | scrubbed | 1 day, 0 hours, 0 minutes | technical | number 5 computer failure | ||
| 3 | 27 Aug 1985, 10:58:01 am | success | 2 days, 0 hours, 3 minutes | launch delayed three minutes, one second for weather and ship in entering SRB recovery area |
Mission summary edit
Discovery launched at 6:58 a.m. EDT on August 27, 1985. Two earlier launch attempts, one on August 24 and another on August 25, were scrubbed – the first because of poor weather, and the second because the backup orbiter computer failed and had to be replaced. The successful launch on August 27, 1985, took place just as an approaching storm front reached the launch pad area.
The five-man STS-51-I crew included Joe H. Engle, commander; Richard O. Covey, pilot; and James D. A. van Hoften, John M. Lounge, and William F. Fisher, mission specialists. Their primary mission was to deploy three commercial communications satellites and retrieve and repair the Syncom IV-3 (Leasat-3) satellite, which had been deployed during the STS-51-D mission in April 1985, but had malfunctioned. In addition, a mid-deck materials processing experiment, the Physical Vapor Transport Organic Solid Experiment (PVTOS), was flown aboard Discovery.
The three communications satellites were Aussat-1, a multi-purpose spacecraft owned by Australia; ASC-1, owned and operated by the American Satellite Corporation (ASC); and Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4), leased to the Department of Defense (DoD) by its builder, Hughes Space and Communications. Both Aussat-1 and ASC-1 were deployed on the day of the launch, August 27, 1985. Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4) was deployed two days later. All three achieved their planned geosynchronous orbits and became operational.
On the fifth day of the mission, astronauts Fisher and van Hoften began repair efforts on the malfunctioning Syncom IV-3, following a successful rendezvous maneuver by Discovery. The effort was slowed by a problem with the Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) elbow joint. After a second EVA by Fisher and van Hoften, the satellite's control lever was repaired, permitting commands from the ground to activate the spacecraft's systems and eventually send it into its proper geosynchronous orbit. The two EVAs lasted a total of 11 hours and 46 minutes.
Discovery landed on Runway 23 at Edwards Air Force Base at 6:16 a.m. PDT on September 3, 1985. The flight lasted a total of 7 days, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 42 seconds, during which the shuttle completed 112 orbits of the Earth.
Mission insignia edit
The insignia depicts an American bald eagle, trailing red and white stripes, and pushing a boundary layer forward. The 19 stars, along with the eagle, are references to the 20th shuttle mission (with the eagle representing the orbiter and thus being the 20th "star"). Lining the patch are the surnames of the crew members.
Wake-up calls edit
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[3]
| Flight Day | Song | Artist/Composer |
|---|---|---|
| Day 2 | "Waltzing Matilda"[4] | Banjo Paterson |
| Day 3 | "Over the Rainbow" | Judy Garland |
| Day 4 | "I Saw the Light" | Willie Nelson |
| Day 5 | "I Get Around" | Beach Boys |
| Day 6 | "Lucky Old Sun" | Willie Nelson |
| Day 7 | "Stormy Weather"[5] | Willie Nelson |
| Day 8 | "Living in the USA" | Linda Ronstadt |
Gallery edit
- Deployment of Aussat-1
- Deployment of ASC-1
- Deployment of Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "STS-51-I Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. February 11, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "STS-51I". Spacefacts. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ Fries, Colin (June 25, 2007). (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Chosen to waken the crew as they passed over Australia.
- ^ Chosen due to Hurricane Elena, which had been observed earlier from Discovery.
External links edit
- NASA mission summary December 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- STS-51I Video Highlights July 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine