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Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi

Muḥammad Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad Yaḥyá Ṣiddīqī Kāndhlawī Sahāranpūrī Muhājir Madanī (Muḥammad Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad Yaḥyá aṣ-Ṣiddīqī al-Kāndahlawī as-Sahāranfūrī al-Madanī; 2 February 1898 – 24 May 1982) was a Sunni Hanafi Hadith scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought in India, popularly known as a "Hazrat Shaykh al-Hadith" and an influential ideologue of Tablighi Jamaat, the missionary and reform movement founded by his uncle Maulana Muhammad Ilyas. His notable works are Awjaz al-Masalik, an Arabic commentary in six volumes on Imam Malik's Muwatta, and Khasa'il-i Nabawi, an Urdu translation and commentary on Imam at-Tirmidhi's Shama'il.[2]

Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
TitleShaykh al-Hadith[1]
Qutb al-Aqtab
Barakat al-`Asr
Personal
Born
Muhammad Zakariya

(1898-02-02)2 February 1898
Died24 May 1982(1982-05-24) (aged 84)
Resting placeJannat-ul-Baqi
ReligionIslam
Nationality British Indian (1898-1947)
 Indian (1947-1982)
 Saudi Arabian (1976-1982)
DenominationMuslim
JurisprudenceHanafi
Main interest(s)Hadith studies, Sufism
Notable work(s)Awjaz al-Masalik
Al-Abwab wa at-Tarajim
Faza'il series
Khasa'il-i Nabawi
Alma materMazahir Uloom Saharanpur
TariqaChishti (Sabiri-Imdadi)
OccupationIslamic scholar, Sufi shaykh, Author, Teacher
RelativesSalman Mazahiri (son-in-law)
Muslim leader
Disciple ofKhalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
(Granted khilafah)
Influenced by

Name

His ism (given name) was Muhammad Zakariya. His nasab (patronymic) is as follows: Muḥammad Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad Yaḥyá ibn Muḥammad Ismā‘īl ibn G͟hulām Ḥusain ibn Ḥakīm Karīm Bak͟hsh ibn Ḥakīm G͟hulām Muḥīyuddīn ibn Maulawī Muḥammad Sājid ibn ibn Maulawī Muḥammad Faiz̤ ibn Maulawī Muḥammad Sharīf ibn Maulawī Muḥammad Ashraf ibn Shaik͟h Jamāl Muḥammad Shāh ibn Shaik͟h Bāban Shāh ibn Shaik͟h Bahā’uddīn Shāh ibn Maulawī Shaik͟h Muḥammad ibn Shaik͟h Muḥammad Fāz̤il ibn Shaik͟h Quṭb Shāh.[3]

His name is usually mentioned with one or more nisbahs (attributive adjectives). He was Kandhlawi (of Kandhla) by origin, then Gangohi (of Gangoh), then Saharanpuri (of Saharanpur), then Madani (of Medina).[4] Muhajir Madani indicates his hijrah (immigration) to the Islamic holy city of Medina. By lineage he was Siddiqi, denoting descent from Abu Bakr.[citation needed]

Early life and education

Muhammad Zakariya was born at 11 pm on Thursday, 11 Ramadan 1315 AH (Wednesday, 2 February 1898)[note 1] in the house of his mother's step-grandmother, Maryam, in the town of Kandhla in the present-day state of Uttar Pradesh, India.[5][6][7][8] He was born to a family of Islamic scholars that traced their ancestry to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, a companion of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.[9]

Zakariya's father, Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi was a student and disciple of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.[7][8][9] Born in 1287 AH (1870/1871), he received his early education from his father and later studied hadith under Maulana Gangohi and Maulana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri. He would routinely recite the entire Qur'an daily.[7] After completing dawrah of hadith with Maulana Gangohi, Yahya stayed with him in Gangoh.[6][7] Maulana Yahya's father, Maulana Muhammad Ismail Jhanjhanawi died twenty days after the birth of Zakariya, who would be Yahya's only son.[5][7][8]

Early education in Gangoh

In 1318 AH (1900), at the age of two, Zakariya moved to Gangoh, where his father lived with Maulana Gangohi.[6] In Gangoh, Zakariya was one of eighty students who studied in his father's madrasah.[7] His education began with Hakim `Abd ar-Rahman of Muzaffarnagar, a pious doctor, with whom he studied Qa`idah Baghdadi, a common primer for learning Arabic script.[6][9] He then began hifz (memorizing the Qur'an) with his father, who required students to revise their daily lesson 100 times.[6] After hifz, books studied included Bahishti Zewar, Hamasah, the first volume of Hidayah, and other books in Urdu and Persian.[6][7] The introductory books of Persian were taught by his uncle, Muhammad Ilyas, while the books of Arabic grammar (sarf and nahw) were taught by his father.[6]

In Gangoh, Zakariya saw many times his father's shaykh, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, with whom he had an affectionate fatherly relationship.[5][6][9] Gangohi died on 8 Jumada ath-Thani 1323 AH (11 August 1905), when Zakariya was seven.[5]

Start of studies at Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur

In Rajab 1328 AH (July 1910), at the age of 12, Muhammad Zakariya traveled with his father to Saharanpur to attend Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur, where his father had moved to teach hadith at the request of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.[6] Zakariya began studying texts on Arabic grammar, morphology, literature, and logic.[6][9] Texts studied with his father included Sarf-i Mir, Panj Ganj, Fusul-i Akbari, Kafiyah, Qasidah Burdah, Qasidah Banat Su`ad, as well the 30th juz' of the Qur'an and a collection of 40 hadith.[10] His teachers in the rational sciences were Maulana `Abd al-Wahid Sanbhali and Maulana `Abd al-Latif, the nazim (director) of the madrasah.[6]

Dawrah of hadith

The year 1333 AH (1914/1915) was Zakariya's final year of studies, known in the Dars-i Nizami curriculum as dawrah of hadith, and involving intensive study of hadith. Zakariya was strictly observant in never missing a lesson and always studying with wudu (ablution). He studied the six major hadith collections under his father, with the exception of Sunan ibn Majah, which he studied with Maulana Thabit `Ali.[6] When his father was teaching him, Zakariya was treated differently from the other students. For example, he writes that when studying the hadith collection Mishkat al-Masabih, he was not allowed to refer to Mazhar-i Haq, its Urdu translation and commentary. Another rule in his studies was that he had to state whether or not a hadith was consistent with Hanafi fiqh, and, if not, support the position taken by the Hanafi school.[7] Zakariya completed his studies and graduated in 1333 (1915).

In 1333 AH (1915), Zakariya gave bay'ah (oath of allegiance to a Sufi shaykh) at the hand of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri before the latter left for Hijaz.[6][11]

On 10 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1334 (September 1916), when Zakariya was 18, his father died.[7]

Maulana Saharanpuri returned to India at about the same time. In 1334 (1916) he requested Zakariya to study Sahih al-Bukhari and Jami` at-Tirmidhi a second time with him.[6] He then selected Zakariya to assist him in writing Badhl al-Majhud, a commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud.

Teaching career

After completing his academic studies, Muhammad Zakariya was appointed as a teacher at Mazahir Uloom on 1 Muharram 1335 AH (c. 29 October 1916).[4][6][9][12] At the age of 18, he was one of the youngest members of the staff.[8][9] He was initially assigned to teach books on Arabic grammar, morphology, and literature, as well as some primary texts of Islamic jurisprudence. He later advanced to teaching books of hadith and other daurah books.

The initial books he was assigned were ‘Ilm aṣ-ṣīghah, Mi’at ‘āmil manẓum, Sharḥ mi’at ‘āmil, Khulāṣah naḥw mīr, Nafḥat al-yaman, Munyat al-muṣallī, *Uṣūl ash-Shāshī, and Qāla aqūl. The next term, from Shawwal 1335 AH (1917), he taught Mirqāt, Qudūrī, Sharḥ Tahdhīb, Kāfiyah, Nūr al-iḍāḥ, Uṣūl ash-Shāshī, Sharḥ Jāmī, Baḥth fa‘l, Baḥth ism, ‘Ajab al-‘ujāb, and Nafḥat al-yaman. In Shawwal 1336 AH (1918) there was further promotion; he was given higher books including Maqāmāt, Sab‘ah mu‘allaqah, Quṭbī, Mīr Qutbī, and Kanz ad-daqā’iq. In Shawwal 1337 AH (1919) he was given Ḥamāsah and Hidāyah awwalīn.[6][12] At the end of term in Shaban 1338 AH (1920), Zakariya traveled with Khalil Ahmad to the Hejaz and performed his first Hajj. He returned to Saharanpur in Safar 1339 AH (1920).[4][12]

The books Zakariya taught in each of the next few years are not recorded in detail, but he writes that he was given Quṭbī, Mīr Qutbī, Tahdhīb, and Sharḥ Tahdhīb nearly every year, as the more senior teachers disliked teaching mantiq (logic). He also taught Hidāyah awwalīn a total of three times, and Nūr al-anwār followed by Husāmī three times.[12]

Beginning in 1341 AH (1923), he was given books of hadith to teach. On the instruction of Maulana Khalil Ahmad, in Rajab 1341 AH (1923) three sections of Sahih al-Bukhari were transferred to Zakariya from Maulana Abdul Latif, the madrasah's nazim (administrator/principal). In the next three terms, from Shawwal 1341 to Shaban 1344 AH (1923–1926), he taught Mishkat al-Masabih.[4][6][8][9][12] In Shawwal 1344 AH (1926) he traveled once again to the Hejaz, this time staying there for over a year. After performing Hajj, he arrived in Medina in Muharram 1345 AH (1926).[4][12] During his stay there he taught Sunan Abu Dawud at Madrasah al-`Ulum ash-Shar`iyah.[9][12]

Upon Zakariya's return to Saharanpur in Safar 1346 AH (1927), Sunan Abu Dawud was transferred to him from Maulana Abdul Latif. In this year he also taught Sunan an-Nasa'i, Muwatta Malik in the transmission of ash-Shaybani, and parts 12 to 16 of Sahih al-Bukhari. After Eid al-Adha the first volume of Sahih al-Bukhari was transferred to Zakariya, while the second volume remained with Maulana Abdul Latif.[6][9][12] From Safar 1346 AH onward Zakariya also taught Jami' at-Tirmidhi, Sahih Muslim, and other daurah books when teachers were unavailable due to sickness or travel.[12]

In 1373 AH (1954) Maulana Abdul Latif was unavailable due to travel, so Zakariya was given both volumes of Bukhari to teach in addition to his usual assignment of Abu Dawud. The same arrangement was made in 1374 AH (1955) when Abdul Latif was ill. In 1375 AH (1956), after the death of Maulana Abdul Latif, Sunan Abu Dawud was transferred to Maulana As'adullah, and Sahih al-Bukhari was transferred to Maulana Zakariya.[6][12]

Zakariya continued to teach until 1388 AH (1968), when he developed cataracts in his eyes - a defect in his vision. In total, he taught half of Sahih al-Bukhari 25 times, the complete work 16 times, and Sunan Abi Dawud 30 times.

Expertise

Syrian scholar Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda, in a letter he wrote to Shaykh Zakariyya, states:[13][14]

To his eminence, the shaykh, the magnificent imām, the jurist, the ḥadīth master, the

outstanding noble scholar, the fragrance of India and the Ḥijāz, the tongue of the people of reality and metaphor, our master and our blessing, Shaykh Muḥammad Zakariyyā - may his lofty shadow be lengthened and his precious life be blessed. Āmīn.

From the needy slave, your admirer, ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Abū Ghuddah.

Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi also supported the Tablighi Jamaat movement in India and Pakistan. His written essays, based on hadith, are required reading for people of Tablighi Jamaat.[15]

Death

Muhammad Zakariya fell ill on Sunday 16 May 1982 in the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia. His condition deteriorated a week later resulting in serious breathing problems on Monday 24 May 1982. The shaykh's body was prepared for burial through washing before the Sunset prayers and burial took place after the night prayer (Isha) on the same day.

The funeral prayers were led by the Imam of the Prophet's Mosque, Shaykh Abdullah al-Zahim, and the body was taken for burial in the nearby Jannatul Baqi graveyard. Muhammad Zakariya's wish was to be buried close to the Prophet's family members (ahl al-bayt) and as per his wish, his grave was dug just outside their enclosure.[16]

Sufism

In 1333 AH (1914 or 1915 CE), Muhammad Zakariya gave bay'ah at the hands of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, taking him as his spiritual guide.

During his second journey to Hijaz with Khalil Ahmad, his sheikh conferred upon him khilafah in four silsilas (Chistiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyya and Naqshbandiyya).[1]

Household

Muhammad Zakariya married twice. He first married the daughter of Shaikh Ra'uf ul Hasan in Kandhla. She bore him eight children: three sons and five daughters. She died on the 5th of Dhu l-Hijja, 1355 AH (16 FEB 1937). He then married his first cousin, the daughter of Muhammad Ilyas, in 1356 AH (1938 A.D.). She bore him three children: one son and two daughters.[citation needed]

Notable students

His notable students include Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri and Yusuf Motala and Molana Mazhar Alam while Mufti Taqi Usmani has authorization in Hadith from Hazrat Shaikh.[17]

Written works

Muhammad Zakariya authored works both in Arabic and Urdu. A number of them treat specialized subjects intended for scholars and the rest have been written for the general public.

His first written work was a three-volume commentary of Alfiyah Ibn Malik, which he wrote as a student when he was only thirteen.

His work, Fadha'il-e-Qur'an has been translated into eleven languages, Fadha'il-e-Ramadan into twelve languages, and Fadha'il-e-Salaah into fifteen languages.

According to Wali ad-Din Nadwi, Muhammad Zakariya wrote 4 books on tafsir and tajwid, 44 books on hadith and its related sciences, 6 books on fiqh and its related sciences, 24 historical and biographical books, 4 books on aqidah, 12 books on zuhd (abstinence) and riqaq (heart-softening accounts), 3 books on Arabic grammar and logic, and 6 books on modern-day groups and movements.

According to Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri (Muhammad Zakariya's maternal grandson), his written works amount to 103, of which 42 have been published and 61 remain unpublished. He wrote 2 books on tafsir, 60 books on hadith, 4 books on fiqh and usul al-fiqh, 22 books on tarikh and sirah, 2 books on tajwid and qira'ah, 3 books on Arabic grammar, classical logic, and geometry, 3 books on suluk and ihsan, 4 books in defense of Islam, and 3 books on miscellaneous subjects.[18]

Arabic works

  • Awjaz al-Masalik ila Muwatta' Malik (Arabic: أوجز المسالك إلى موطأ مالك, Awjaz al-Masālik ilá Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik)
  • Lami` ad-Darari `ala Jami` al-Bukhari (Arabic: لامع الدراري على جامع البخاري)
  • Al-Kawkab ad-Durri `ala Jami` at-Tirmidhi (Arabic: الكوكب الدري على جامع الترمذي, al-Kawkab ad-Durrī ‘alá Jāmi‘ at-Tirmidhi)
  • Al-Abwab wa at-Tarajim li Sahih al-Bukhari (Arabic: الابواب والتراجم لصحيح البخاري, al-Abwāb wa at-Tarājim li-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī)
  • Juz' Hajjat al-Wida` wa `Umrat an-Nabi (Arabic: جزء حجة الوداع وعمرات النبي, Juz' Ḥajjat al-Widā‘ wa ‘Umrāt an-Nabī)

Urdu works

  • Shama'il Tirmidhi ma` Urdu Sharh Khasa'il Nabawi
  • Faza'il-e-A'maal (Urdu: فضائل اعمال)
    • Faza'il-e-Quran (Urdu: فضائلِ قرآن)
    • Faza'il-e-Ramadan (Urdu: فضائلِ رمضان)
    • Faza'il-e-Tabligh (Urdu: فضائلِ تبلیغ)
    • Faza'il-e-Namaaz (Urdu: فضائلِ نماز)
    • Faza'il-e-Hajj (Urdu: فضائلِ حج)
    • Faza'il-e-Sadaqat (Urdu: فضائلِ صدقات)
    • Faza'il-e-Zikr (Urdu: فضائلِ ذکر )
    • Faza'il-e-Durood-Sharif (Urdu: فضائلِ درود شریف)
    • Faza'il-e-Tijarat (Urdu: فضائلِ تجارت)
    • Hikayat-e-Sahabah (Urdu: حکایت صحابہ)
  • Al-I`tidal fi Maratib ar-Rijal (Arabic: الإعتدال في مراتب الرجال), also known as Islami Siyasat (Urdu: اسلامی سیاست)
  • Dari ka Wujub (Urdu: داڑھی کا وجوب)
  • Aap Beti (Urdu: آپ بیتی)
  • Shari`at wa Tariqat ka Talazum (Urdu: شریعت و طریقت کا تلازم)
  • Um al-Amrad
  • Fitna-e-Maududiat (Urdu: فتنہ مودودیت)
  • Maut ki Yad (Urdu: موت کی یاد)
  • Tarikh Masha'ikh-e-Chisht (Urdu: تاریخ مشائخ چشت)
  • Ikhtilaf al-A'immah
  • Jama`at-e-Tabligh par I`tarazat ki Jawabat (Urdu: جماعت تبلیغ پر اعتراضات کے جوابات)
  • Miswak (Urdu: مسواک)
  • Nisbat-o-Ijazat
  • Sila' Rahmi
  • Akabir ka Suluk o Ihsan
  • Namaz ki Ahmiat
  • Ulama e Akhirat ki Pehchan
  • Akabir ka Ramadan

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In the Islamic calendar, the weekday begins at sunset.

References

  1. ^ a b Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Bearman, P.J.; Bianquis, Th. (2002). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. XI (W-Z) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 406. ISBN 9004127569.
  2. ^ Maliq.S, Abdul. "Moulana Muhammad Zakariyya Hayatuhu Wa A Maluhu". Department of Arabic, University of Madras. hdl:10603/293977.
  3. ^ Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi. حضرت مولانا محمد الیاس اور ان کی دینی دعوت / Ḥaz̤rat Maulānā Muḥammad Ilyās aur un kī dīnī da'wat (in Urdu). Raiwind: Maktabah Mahmudiyah.
    English translation: Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi. Life and Mission of Maulana Mohammad Ilyas. Translated by Mohammad Asif Kidwai. Lucknow: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications.
  4. ^ a b c d e Motala, Yusuf (June 2011). "Quṭb al-Aqṭāb Shaykh al-Ḥadīth Muḥammad Zakariyyā Muhājir Madanī". Manifestations of Prophet Muhammad's Beauty: The Hearts of Allah's Saints. Lectures by Yusuf Motala, translated by a group of graduates of Darul Uloom Al-Arabiya Al-Islamiya, Bury (1st ed.). London: Azhar Publications. ISBN 9781848281196.
  5. ^ a b c d Zakariya Kandhlawi, Muhammad. "Preface". Shari'ah and Tariqat: Inseparable and Indivisible. Translated by Asim Ahmad from Shari`at wa Tariqat ka Talazum (1977).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri (November 2005). "Hadhrat Aqdas Shaikul Hadith Muhammad Zakariyyah". In Zakariya Kandhlawi, Muhammad (ed.). The Mashaikh of Chisht: The Spiritual Tree (Shajarah) and Life Episodes of the Noble Auliya and Mashaikh of Chisht. Translated by Mujlisul Ulma of South Africa from Tarikh-i Masha'ikh-i Chisht (1973). theMajlis.net.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Javed, Iffat Masood (1996). Contribution of Mazahir-e-Uloom of Saharanpur to Tasawwuf (PhD). Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d e Nadwi, Abul Hasan Ali. . Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j . Adapted from Wali ad-Din Nadwi's Arabic biography of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi. White Thread Press. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ^ Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri (1973). "حضرت اقدس شیخ الحدیث مولانا محمد زکریا صاحب [Hazrat Aqdas Shaykh al-Hadis Muhammad Zakariya Sahib]". In Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi (ed.). تاریخ مشائخ چشت [Tarikh-i Mashaikh-i Chisht] (in Urdu).
  11. ^ Gaborieau, M. (24 April 2012). "Zakariyyā Kāndhalawī Sahāranpūrī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi. آپ بیتی / Āp bītī (in Urdu). Vol. 2. Maktabah-yi Umar Faruq.
  13. ^ SHAYKH ʿABD AL-FATTĀḤ ABŪ GHUDDAH (1336-1417 AH/1917-1997 CE) Based on an obituary by ʿAllāmah Muftī Muhammad Taqi Usmani. p. 51. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  14. ^ "FREE Bangla / Bengali Books-Boi-Kitab, Hamd/Naat/Nasheed/Islamic Song, Quran/Qur'an/Koran Qerats, Dars/Waj/Speeches, Tafsir". banglakitab.com. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  15. ^ Profile of Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi on Oxford Islamic Studies Online website Retrieved 10 March 2020
  16. ^ Final Moments of the Pious, by Shaykh Yusuf Motala (pages 113-115)
  17. ^ "Muhammad Taqi Usmani". The Muslim 500.
  18. ^ Abu Unaysah (4 October 2008). "Shaykh al-Hadith Mawlana Muhammad Zakariyya's Written Works". Retrieved 10 March 2020.

External links

  • Ismail, Mohd Aashif; Majid, Latifah Abdul; Nazri, Mohd Arif (30 June 2022). "Penggunaan Ungkapan Al-Auj'ah ᶜIndī Di Sisi Zakariyya Al-Kāndahlawi: Tumpuan Terhadap Karya Al- Abwāb Wa Al-Tarājim Li Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī". Al-Turath Journal of Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah. 7 (1): 29–36. ISSN 0128-0899.
  • تقی, محمد رضوان
  • شیخ الحدیث مولانا محمد زکریاؒ شخصیت اور خدماتِ حدیث
  • Chaudhary, Muhammad Nawaz (1992). Religious and academic services of Hazrat Maulana Zakaria (PhD) (in Urdu). Pakistan: University of the Punjab.
  • Inamullah, Muhammad; Uddin, Nasir (2019). "Research review of methodology of sheikh Zakaria Kandahlawi in "khasayil Nabawi"". Malakand University Research Journal of Islamic Studies (in Urdu). 1 (2): 17–24. ISSN 2708-6577.
  • Ghouri, Syed Abdul Majid (2022). "Awjaz Al-masālik 'ilā Muwaṭṭāʿ Mālik Of Shayikh Muḥammad Zakariyyā Kandhalavi: A Critical Analysis From Hadith Perspective". Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah (in Arabic). 18 (1): 154–183. doi:10.33102/jmqs.v18i1.356. ISSN 2637-0328. S2CID 249614654.
  • فضائل الدعوة إلى الله تعالى في ضوء القرآن والسنة للشيخ محمد زكريا الكاندهلوي
  • " منهجُ الشيخ محمَّد زكريا الكانْدَهْلَوِيّ في كتابه " أَوْجَز الْمَسَالِك إلى مُوطَّأ مالِك
  • Deeneislam.com - Zakria Rahimullah Dawat O Tableegh
  • Arabic Books by the Shaikhu-l-Hadeeth
  • Urdu Books by the Shaikhu-l-Hadeeth
  • English translations of some of the books written by the Shaikhu-l-Hadeeth

muhammad, zakariyya, kandhlawi, muḥammad, zakarīyā, muḥammad, yaḥyá, Ṣiddīqī, kāndhlawī, sahāranpūrī, muhājir, madanī, muḥammad, zakarīyā, muḥammad, yaḥyá, aṣ, Ṣiddīqī, kāndahlawī, sahāranfūrī, madanī, february, 1898, 1982, sunni, hanafi, hadith, scholar, deob. Muḥammad Zakariya ibn Muḥammad Yaḥya Ṣiddiqi Kandhlawi Saharanpuri Muhajir Madani Muḥammad Zakariya ibn Muḥammad Yaḥya aṣ Ṣiddiqi al Kandahlawi as Saharanfuri al Madani 2 February 1898 24 May 1982 was a Sunni Hanafi Hadith scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought in India popularly known as a Hazrat Shaykh al Hadith and an influential ideologue of Tablighi Jamaat the missionary and reform movement founded by his uncle Maulana Muhammad Ilyas His notable works are Awjaz al Masalik an Arabic commentary in six volumes on Imam Malik s Muwatta and Khasa il i Nabawi an Urdu translation and commentary on Imam at Tirmidhi s Shama il 2 Muhammad Zakariya KandhlawiTitleShaykh al Hadith 1 Qutb al AqtabBarakat al AsrPersonalBornMuhammad Zakariya 1898 02 02 2 February 1898Kandhla North Western Provinces British IndiaDied24 May 1982 1982 05 24 aged 84 Medina Saudi ArabiaResting placeJannat ul BaqiReligionIslamNationality British Indian 1898 1947 Indian 1947 1982 Saudi Arabian 1976 1982 DenominationMuslimJurisprudenceHanafiMain interest s Hadith studies SufismNotable work s Awjaz al MasalikAl Abwab wa at TarajimFaza il seriesKhasa il i NabawiAlma materMazahir Uloom SaharanpurTariqaChishti Sabiri Imdadi OccupationIslamic scholar Sufi shaykh Author TeacherRelativesSalman Mazahiri son in law Muslim leaderDisciple ofKhalil Ahmad Saharanpuri Granted khilafah Students Abu Zafar Mohammad SalehInfluenced by Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi Husain Ahmad MadaniInfluenced Shaykh Yunus Jaunpuri Contents 1 Name 2 Early life and education 2 1 Early education in Gangoh 2 2 Start of studies at Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur 2 3 Dawrah of hadith 3 Teaching career 4 Expertise 5 Death 6 Sufism 7 Household 8 Notable students 9 Written works 9 1 Arabic works 9 2 Urdu works 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksName EditHis ism given name was Muhammad Zakariya His nasab patronymic is as follows Muḥammad Zakariya ibn Muḥammad Yaḥya ibn Muḥammad Isma il ibn G hulam Ḥusain ibn Ḥakim Karim Bak hsh ibn Ḥakim G hulam Muḥiyuddin ibn Maulawi Muḥammad Sajid ibn ibn Maulawi Muḥammad Faiz ibn Maulawi Muḥammad Sharif ibn Maulawi Muḥammad Ashraf ibn Shaik h Jamal Muḥammad Shah ibn Shaik h Baban Shah ibn Shaik h Baha uddin Shah ibn Maulawi Shaik h Muḥammad ibn Shaik h Muḥammad Faz il ibn Shaik h Quṭb Shah 3 His name is usually mentioned with one or more nisbahs attributive adjectives He was Kandhlawi of Kandhla by origin then Gangohi of Gangoh then Saharanpuri of Saharanpur then Madani of Medina 4 Muhajir Madani indicates his hijrah immigration to the Islamic holy city of Medina By lineage he was Siddiqi denoting descent from Abu Bakr citation needed Early life and education EditMuhammad Zakariya was born at 11 pm on Thursday 11 Ramadan 1315 AH Wednesday 2 February 1898 note 1 in the house of his mother s step grandmother Maryam in the town of Kandhla in the present day state of Uttar Pradesh India 5 6 7 8 He was born to a family of Islamic scholars that traced their ancestry to Abu Bakr as Siddiq a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 9 Zakariya s father Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi was a student and disciple of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 7 8 9 Born in 1287 AH 1870 1871 he received his early education from his father and later studied hadith under Maulana Gangohi and Maulana Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri He would routinely recite the entire Qur an daily 7 After completing dawrah of hadith with Maulana Gangohi Yahya stayed with him in Gangoh 6 7 Maulana Yahya s father Maulana Muhammad Ismail Jhanjhanawi died twenty days after the birth of Zakariya who would be Yahya s only son 5 7 8 Early education in Gangoh Edit In 1318 AH 1900 at the age of two Zakariya moved to Gangoh where his father lived with Maulana Gangohi 6 In Gangoh Zakariya was one of eighty students who studied in his father s madrasah 7 His education began with Hakim Abd ar Rahman of Muzaffarnagar a pious doctor with whom he studied Qa idah Baghdadi a common primer for learning Arabic script 6 9 He then began hifz memorizing the Qur an with his father who required students to revise their daily lesson 100 times 6 After hifz books studied included Bahishti Zewar Hamasah the first volume of Hidayah and other books in Urdu and Persian 6 7 The introductory books of Persian were taught by his uncle Muhammad Ilyas while the books of Arabic grammar sarf and nahw were taught by his father 6 In Gangoh Zakariya saw many times his father s shaykh Rashid Ahmad Gangohi with whom he had an affectionate fatherly relationship 5 6 9 Gangohi died on 8 Jumada ath Thani 1323 AH 11 August 1905 when Zakariya was seven 5 Start of studies at Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur Edit In Rajab 1328 AH July 1910 at the age of 12 Muhammad Zakariya traveled with his father to Saharanpur to attend Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur where his father had moved to teach hadith at the request of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 6 Zakariya began studying texts on Arabic grammar morphology literature and logic 6 9 Texts studied with his father included Sarf i Mir Panj Ganj Fusul i Akbari Kafiyah Qasidah Burdah Qasidah Banat Su ad as well the 30th juz of the Qur an and a collection of 40 hadith 10 His teachers in the rational sciences were Maulana Abd al Wahid Sanbhali and Maulana Abd al Latif the nazim director of the madrasah 6 Dawrah of hadith Edit The year 1333 AH 1914 1915 was Zakariya s final year of studies known in the Dars i Nizami curriculum as dawrah of hadith and involving intensive study of hadith Zakariya was strictly observant in never missing a lesson and always studying with wudu ablution He studied the six major hadith collections under his father with the exception of Sunan ibn Majah which he studied with Maulana Thabit Ali 6 When his father was teaching him Zakariya was treated differently from the other students For example he writes that when studying the hadith collection Mishkat al Masabih he was not allowed to refer to Mazhar i Haq its Urdu translation and commentary Another rule in his studies was that he had to state whether or not a hadith was consistent with Hanafi fiqh and if not support the position taken by the Hanafi school 7 Zakariya completed his studies and graduated in 1333 1915 In 1333 AH 1915 Zakariya gave bay ah oath of allegiance to a Sufi shaykh at the hand of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri before the latter left for Hijaz 6 11 On 10 Dhu al Qi dah 1334 September 1916 when Zakariya was 18 his father died 7 Maulana Saharanpuri returned to India at about the same time In 1334 1916 he requested Zakariya to study Sahih al Bukhari and Jami at Tirmidhi a second time with him 6 He then selected Zakariya to assist him in writing Badhl al Majhud a commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud Teaching career EditAfter completing his academic studies Muhammad Zakariya was appointed as a teacher at Mazahir Uloom on 1 Muharram 1335 AH c 29 October 1916 4 6 9 12 At the age of 18 he was one of the youngest members of the staff 8 9 He was initially assigned to teach books on Arabic grammar morphology and literature as well as some primary texts of Islamic jurisprudence He later advanced to teaching books of hadith and other daurah books The initial books he was assigned were Ilm aṣ ṣighah Mi at amil manẓum Sharḥ mi at amil Khulaṣah naḥw mir Nafḥat al yaman Munyat al muṣalli Uṣul ash Shashi and Qala aqul The next term from Shawwal 1335 AH 1917 he taught Mirqat Quduri Sharḥ Tahdhib Kafiyah Nur al iḍaḥ Uṣul ash Shashi Sharḥ Jami Baḥth fa l Baḥth ism Ajab al ujab and Nafḥat al yaman In Shawwal 1336 AH 1918 there was further promotion he was given higher books including Maqamat Sab ah mu allaqah Quṭbi Mir Qutbi and Kanz ad daqa iq In Shawwal 1337 AH 1919 he was given Ḥamasah and Hidayah awwalin 6 12 At the end of term in Shaban 1338 AH 1920 Zakariya traveled with Khalil Ahmad to the Hejaz and performed his first Hajj He returned to Saharanpur in Safar 1339 AH 1920 4 12 The books Zakariya taught in each of the next few years are not recorded in detail but he writes that he was given Quṭbi Mir Qutbi Tahdhib and Sharḥ Tahdhib nearly every year as the more senior teachers disliked teaching mantiq logic He also taught Hidayah awwalin a total of three times and Nur al anwar followed by Husami three times 12 Beginning in 1341 AH 1923 he was given books of hadith to teach On the instruction of Maulana Khalil Ahmad in Rajab 1341 AH 1923 three sections of Sahih al Bukhari were transferred to Zakariya from Maulana Abdul Latif the madrasah s nazim administrator principal In the next three terms from Shawwal 1341 to Shaban 1344 AH 1923 1926 he taught Mishkat al Masabih 4 6 8 9 12 In Shawwal 1344 AH 1926 he traveled once again to the Hejaz this time staying there for over a year After performing Hajj he arrived in Medina in Muharram 1345 AH 1926 4 12 During his stay there he taught Sunan Abu Dawud at Madrasah al Ulum ash Shar iyah 9 12 Upon Zakariya s return to Saharanpur in Safar 1346 AH 1927 Sunan Abu Dawud was transferred to him from Maulana Abdul Latif In this year he also taught Sunan an Nasa i Muwatta Malik in the transmission of ash Shaybani and parts 12 to 16 of Sahih al Bukhari After Eid al Adha the first volume of Sahih al Bukhari was transferred to Zakariya while the second volume remained with Maulana Abdul Latif 6 9 12 From Safar 1346 AH onward Zakariya also taught Jami at Tirmidhi Sahih Muslim and other daurah books when teachers were unavailable due to sickness or travel 12 In 1373 AH 1954 Maulana Abdul Latif was unavailable due to travel so Zakariya was given both volumes of Bukhari to teach in addition to his usual assignment of Abu Dawud The same arrangement was made in 1374 AH 1955 when Abdul Latif was ill In 1375 AH 1956 after the death of Maulana Abdul Latif Sunan Abu Dawud was transferred to Maulana As adullah and Sahih al Bukhari was transferred to Maulana Zakariya 6 12 Zakariya continued to teach until 1388 AH 1968 when he developed cataracts in his eyes a defect in his vision In total he taught half of Sahih al Bukhari 25 times the complete work 16 times and Sunan Abi Dawud 30 times Expertise EditSyrian scholar Abd al Fattah Abu Ghudda in a letter he wrote to Shaykh Zakariyya states 13 14 To his eminence the shaykh the magnificent imam the jurist the ḥadith master theoutstanding noble scholar the fragrance of India and the Ḥijaz the tongue of the people of reality and metaphor our master and our blessing Shaykh Muḥammad Zakariyya may his lofty shadow be lengthened and his precious life be blessed Amin From the needy slave your admirer ʿAbd al Fattaḥ Abu Ghuddah Muhammad Zakariyya al Kandhlawi also supported the Tablighi Jamaat movement in India and Pakistan His written essays based on hadith are required reading for people of Tablighi Jamaat 15 Death EditMuhammad Zakariya fell ill on Sunday 16 May 1982 in the city of Medina Saudi Arabia His condition deteriorated a week later resulting in serious breathing problems on Monday 24 May 1982 The shaykh s body was prepared for burial through washing before the Sunset prayers and burial took place after the night prayer Isha on the same day The funeral prayers were led by the Imam of the Prophet s Mosque Shaykh Abdullah al Zahim and the body was taken for burial in the nearby Jannatul Baqi graveyard Muhammad Zakariya s wish was to be buried close to the Prophet s family members ahl al bayt and as per his wish his grave was dug just outside their enclosure 16 Sufism EditIn 1333 AH 1914 or 1915 CE Muhammad Zakariya gave bay ah at the hands of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri taking him as his spiritual guide During his second journey to Hijaz with Khalil Ahmad his sheikh conferred upon him khilafah in four silsilas Chistiyya Suhrawardiyya Qadiriyya and Naqshbandiyya 1 Household EditMuhammad Zakariya married twice He first married the daughter of Shaikh Ra uf ul Hasan in Kandhla She bore him eight children three sons and five daughters She died on the 5th of Dhu l Hijja 1355 AH 16 FEB 1937 He then married his first cousin the daughter of Muhammad Ilyas in 1356 AH 1938 A D She bore him three children one son and two daughters citation needed Notable students EditHis notable students include Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri and Yusuf Motala and Molana Mazhar Alam while Mufti Taqi Usmani has authorization in Hadith from Hazrat Shaikh 17 Written works EditMuhammad Zakariya authored works both in Arabic and Urdu A number of them treat specialized subjects intended for scholars and the rest have been written for the general public His first written work was a three volume commentary of Alfiyah Ibn Malik which he wrote as a student when he was only thirteen His work Fadha il e Qur an has been translated into eleven languages Fadha il e Ramadan into twelve languages and Fadha il e Salaah into fifteen languages According to Wali ad Din Nadwi Muhammad Zakariya wrote 4 books on tafsir and tajwid 44 books on hadith and its related sciences 6 books on fiqh and its related sciences 24 historical and biographical books 4 books on aqidah 12 books on zuhd abstinence and riqaq heart softening accounts 3 books on Arabic grammar and logic and 6 books on modern day groups and movements According to Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri Muhammad Zakariya s maternal grandson his written works amount to 103 of which 42 have been published and 61 remain unpublished He wrote 2 books on tafsir 60 books on hadith 4 books on fiqh and usul al fiqh 22 books on tarikh and sirah 2 books on tajwid and qira ah 3 books on Arabic grammar classical logic and geometry 3 books on suluk and ihsan 4 books in defense of Islam and 3 books on miscellaneous subjects 18 Arabic works Edit Awjaz al Masalik ila Muwatta Malik Arabic أوجز المسالك إلى موطأ مالك Awjaz al Masalik ila Muwaṭṭa Malik Lami ad Darari ala Jami al Bukhari Arabic لامع الدراري على جامع البخاري Al Kawkab ad Durri ala Jami at Tirmidhi Arabic الكوكب الدري على جامع الترمذي al Kawkab ad Durri ala Jami at Tirmidhi Al Abwab wa at Tarajim li Sahih al Bukhari Arabic الابواب والتراجم لصحيح البخاري al Abwab wa at Tarajim li Ṣaḥiḥ al Bukhari Juz Hajjat al Wida wa Umrat an Nabi Arabic جزء حجة الوداع وعمرات النبي Juz Ḥajjat al Wida wa Umrat an Nabi Urdu works Edit Shama il Tirmidhi ma Urdu Sharh Khasa il Nabawi Faza il e A maal Urdu فضائل اعمال Faza il e Quran Urdu فضائل قرآن Faza il e Ramadan Urdu فضائل رمضان Faza il e Tabligh Urdu فضائل تبلیغ Faza il e Namaaz Urdu فضائل نماز Faza il e Hajj Urdu فضائل حج Faza il e Sadaqat Urdu فضائل صدقات Faza il e Zikr Urdu فضائل ذکر Faza il e Durood Sharif Urdu فضائل درود شریف Faza il e Tijarat Urdu فضائل تجارت Hikayat e Sahabah Urdu حکایت صحابہ Al I tidal fi Maratib ar Rijal Arabic الإعتدال في مراتب الرجال also known as Islami Siyasat Urdu اسلامی سیاست Dari ka Wujub Urdu داڑھی کا وجوب Aap Beti Part 1 part2 Urdu آپ بیتی Shari at wa Tariqat ka Talazum Urdu شریعت و طریقت کا تلازم Um al Amrad Fitna e Maududiat Urdu فتنہ مودودیت Maut ki Yad Urdu موت کی یاد Tarikh Masha ikh e Chisht Urdu تاریخ مشائخ چشت Ikhtilaf al A immah Jama at e Tabligh par I tarazat ki Jawabat Urdu جماعت تبلیغ پر اعتراضات کے جوابات Miswak Urdu مسواک Nisbat o Ijazat Sila Rahmi Akabir ka Suluk o Ihsan Namaz ki Ahmiat Ulama e Akhirat ki Pehchan Akabir ka RamadanSee also EditMuhammad Yusuf Kandhlawi Muhammad Ilyas KandhlawiNotes Edit In the Islamic calendar the weekday begins at sunset References Edit a b Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P Bearman P J Bianquis Th 2002 Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol XI W Z New ed Leiden Netherlands Brill p 406 ISBN 9004127569 Maliq S Abdul Moulana Muhammad Zakariyya Hayatuhu Wa A Maluhu Department of Arabic University of Madras hdl 10603 293977 Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi حضرت مولانا محمد الیاس اور ان کی دینی دعوت Ḥaz rat Maulana Muḥammad Ilyas aur un ki dini da wat in Urdu Raiwind Maktabah Mahmudiyah English translation Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi Life and Mission of Maulana Mohammad Ilyas Translated by Mohammad Asif Kidwai Lucknow Academy of Islamic Research and Publications a b c d e Motala Yusuf June 2011 Quṭb al Aqṭab Shaykh al Ḥadith Muḥammad Zakariyya Muhajir Madani Manifestations of Prophet Muhammad s Beauty The Hearts of Allah s Saints Lectures by Yusuf Motala translated by a group of graduates of Darul Uloom Al Arabiya Al Islamiya Bury 1st ed London Azhar Publications ISBN 9781848281196 a b c d Zakariya Kandhlawi Muhammad Preface Shari ah and Tariqat Inseparable and Indivisible Translated by Asim Ahmad from Shari at wa Tariqat ka Talazum 1977 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri November 2005 Hadhrat Aqdas Shaikul Hadith Muhammad Zakariyyah In Zakariya Kandhlawi Muhammad ed The Mashaikh of Chisht The Spiritual Tree Shajarah and Life Episodes of the Noble Auliya and Mashaikh of Chisht Translated by Mujlisul Ulma of South Africa from Tarikh i Masha ikh i Chisht 1973 theMajlis net a b c d e f g h i Javed Iffat Masood 1996 Contribution of Mazahir e Uloom of Saharanpur to Tasawwuf PhD Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi Retrieved 4 August 2012 a b c d e Nadwi Abul Hasan Ali Life of Hazrat Shaykh ul Hadith Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 Retrieved 21 July 2012 a b c d e f g h i j Shaykh Zakariyya Kandhlawi Adapted from Wali ad Din Nadwi s Arabic biography of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi White Thread Press Archived from the original on 14 February 2015 Retrieved 2 December 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Muhammad Shahid Saharanpuri 1973 حضرت اقدس شیخ الحدیث مولانا محمد زکریا صاحب Hazrat Aqdas Shaykh al Hadis Muhammad Zakariya Sahib In Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi ed تاریخ مشائخ چشت Tarikh i Mashaikh i Chisht in Urdu Gaborieau M 24 April 2012 Zakariyya Kandhalawi Saharanpuri Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Brill Online a b c d e f g h i j Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi آپ بیتی Ap biti in Urdu Vol 2 Maktabah yi Umar Faruq SHAYKH ʿABD AL FATTAḤ ABu GHUDDAH 1336 1417 AH 1917 1997 CE Based on an obituary by ʿAllamah Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani p 51 Retrieved 18 April 2019 FREE Bangla Bengali Books Boi Kitab Hamd Naat Nasheed Islamic Song Quran Qur an Koran Qerats Dars Waj Speeches Tafsir banglakitab com Retrieved 18 October 2019 Profile of Muhammad Zakariyya al Kandhlawi on Oxford Islamic Studies Online website Retrieved 10 March 2020 Final Moments of the Pious by Shaykh Yusuf Motala pages 113 115 Muhammad Taqi Usmani The Muslim 500 Abu Unaysah 4 October 2008 Shaykh al Hadith Mawlana Muhammad Zakariyya s Written Works Retrieved 10 March 2020 External links EditIsmail Mohd Aashif Majid Latifah Abdul Nazri Mohd Arif 30 June 2022 Penggunaan Ungkapan Al Auj ah ᶜIndi Di Sisi Zakariyya Al Kandahlawi Tumpuan Terhadap Karya Al Abwab Wa Al Tarajim Li Ṣaḥiḥ Al Bukhari Al Turath Journal of Al Quran and Al Sunnah 7 1 29 36 ISSN 0128 0899 تقی محمد رضوان شیخ الحدیث مولانا محمد زکریا شخصیت اور خدمات حدیث Chaudhary Muhammad Nawaz 1992 Religious and academic services of Hazrat Maulana Zakaria PhD in Urdu Pakistan University of the Punjab Inamullah Muhammad Uddin Nasir 2019 Research review of methodology of sheikh Zakaria Kandahlawi in khasayil Nabawi Malakand University Research Journal of Islamic Studies in Urdu 1 2 17 24 ISSN 2708 6577 Ghouri Syed Abdul Majid 2022 Awjaz Al masalik ila Muwaṭṭaʿ Malik Of Shayikh Muḥammad Zakariyya Kandhalavi A Critical Analysis From Hadith Perspective Maʿalim al Qurʾan wa al Sunnah in Arabic 18 1 154 183 doi 10 33102 jmqs v18i1 356 ISSN 2637 0328 S2CID 249614654 فضائل الدعوة إلى الله تعالى في ضوء القرآن والسنة للشيخ محمد زكريا الكاندهلوي منهج الشيخ محم د زكريا الكان د ه ل و ي في كتابه أ و ج ز ال م س ال ك إلى م وط أ مال ك Deeneislam com Zakria Rahimullah Dawat O Tableegh Arabic Books by the Shaikhu l Hadeeth Urdu Books by the Shaikhu l Hadeeth English translations of some of the books written by the Shaikhu l HadeethPortals Biography Islam India Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Muhammad Zakariyya al Kandhlawi amp oldid 1132727497, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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