Zealandia pustulata is a species of fern native to eastern Australia and New Zealand.[2] It is commonly referred to as kangaroo fern because of its mature leaves tend to resemble the shape of a kangaroo foot. It is also referred to as hound's tongue, and as kōwaowao and pāraharaha in Māori.[3]
This epiphytic fern species seems to climb onto suitable substrates (fallen logs, rocks, growing plants etc.) via long, creeping grey-green rhizomes. The rhizomes have clathrate, ovate scales which are 3-7 mm long and 1-2 mm wide. Generally, the species exhibits 1-9 pairs of lobed, glossy-green fronds which are erect to pendant and can range from 5-50 cm in length. The texture of the fronds is leathery, and they have thick, wavy margins. They have distinct, relatively large (approximately 3-4 mm wide) circular sori on their abaxial surface. The spores themselves are 45–62.5 µm long, 20–32.5 µm wide, pale, with wart-like protuberances.[4] The species can grow to a maximum height of approximately 30 cm and a maximum width of approximately 120 cm.
Zealandia pustulata is widespread and commonly described as both a lithophyte and epiphyte. They are evident across a range of Wet Sclerophyll Forest, Rainforest and more open Subalpine environments[5] with preferred growing conditions being in ferneries or gullies with partial to full shade.[6] The species are described as middle storey species, but are evident anywhere from forest floors to canopies.[7]
There are two subspecies. Zealandia pustulata subsp. pustulata is present across the species' range.[2]Zealandia pustulata subsp. howensis is endemic to Lord Howe Island.[8][2]
Naming and classificationedit
The species was first named Polypodium pustulatum by botanist Georg Forster in 1786.[9]Edwin Copeland published the name Microsorum pustulatum in Genera Filicum Copeland, E.B. (1947). The name was derived from the species' characteristic small, blistered (risen) sori on its abaxial surface (micro = small, sorum = from sori, pustulatum= blistered).[10] In 2019 the species was renamed Zealandia pustulata by Testo & A.R.Field, which is accepted by Plants of the World Online. The species and its subspecies are known by numerous other synonyms.[2]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microsorum pustulatum.
^Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (January 2020). "Zealandia pustulata". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 8.20. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
^Large MF, Braggins JE, Green PS (1992). "A new combination for Polypodium pustulatum Forster f. (Polypodiaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 30 (2): 207–208
^Tindale, M.D. 1961: Polypodiaceae. Contributions from the New South Wales Herbarium, Flora Series 210: 24–46
^Brownlie, G. 1954: Introductory note to cyto-taxonomic studies of New Zealand ferns. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82: 665–666. [as Microsorum diversifolium (Willd.) Copel.]
^C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Crown Fern: Blechnum discolor, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
^Green, P.S. 1994: Oceanic Islands, 1. Flora of Australia. Vol. 49. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. ABRS/CSIRO, Canberra and Melbourne.
^Forster, J.G.A. 1786: Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus. Dietrich, Göttingen.
^Copeland, E.B. 1947: Genera Filicum. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass.
April 11, 2024
zealandia, pustulata, species, fern, native, eastern, australia, zealand, commonly, referred, kangaroo, fern, because, mature, leaves, tend, resemble, shape, kangaroo, foot, also, referred, hound, tongue, kōwaowao, pāraharaha, māori, upper, hutt, beech, forest. Zealandia pustulata is a species of fern native to eastern Australia and New Zealand 2 It is commonly referred to as kangaroo fern because of its mature leaves tend to resemble the shape of a kangaroo foot It is also referred to as hound s tongue and as kōwaowao and paraharaha in Maori 3 Zealandia pustulataIn Upper Hutt beech forest New Zealand Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesDivision PolypodiophytaClass PolypodiopsidaOrder PolypodialesSuborder PolypodiineaeFamily PolypodiaceaeGenus ZealandiaSpecies Z pustulataBinomial nameZealandia pustulata G Forst Testo amp A R Field 1 Synonyms 2 Synonymy Chrysopteris billardierei R Br LinkChrysopteris lepidopoda LinkDrynaria pustulata G Forst J Sm Drynaria billardierei R Br J Sm Microsorum diversifolium Copel Microsorum pustulatum G Forst Copel Phymatodes billardierei R Br C PreslPhymatodes diversifolia Copel Pic Serm Phymatodes pustulata G Forst Phymatosorus diversifolius Copel Pic Serm Phymatosorus pustulatus G Forst M F Large Braggins amp P S GreenPleopeltis billardierei R Br T MoorePleopeltis diversifolia Copel MelvainePleopeltis lepidopoda T MoorePleopeltis pustulata G Forst T MoorePolypodium billardierei R Br Polypodium diversifolium Willd Polypodium lepidopodum LinkPolypodium pustulatum G Forst Polypodium scandens Labill Polypodium scandens var billardierei R Br F Muell Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Naming and classification 4 See also 5 ReferencesDescription editThis epiphytic fern species seems to climb onto suitable substrates fallen logs rocks growing plants etc via long creeping grey green rhizomes The rhizomes have clathrate ovate scales which are 3 7 mm long and 1 2 mm wide Generally the species exhibits 1 9 pairs of lobed glossy green fronds which are erect to pendant and can range from 5 50 cm in length The texture of the fronds is leathery and they have thick wavy margins They have distinct relatively large approximately 3 4 mm wide circular sori on their abaxial surface The spores themselves are 45 62 5 µm long 20 32 5 µm wide pale with wart like protuberances 4 The species can grow to a maximum height of approximately 30 cm and a maximum width of approximately 120 cm Distribution and habitat editZealandia pustulata ranges from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales to Victoria on the Australian mainland and to Tasmania Lord Howe Island Norfolk Island New Zealand s North and South islands and the Chatham Kermadec and Antipodes islands 2 Zealandia pustulata is widespread and commonly described as both a lithophyte and epiphyte They are evident across a range of Wet Sclerophyll Forest Rainforest and more open Subalpine environments 5 with preferred growing conditions being in ferneries or gullies with partial to full shade 6 The species are described as middle storey species but are evident anywhere from forest floors to canopies 7 There are two subspecies Zealandia pustulata subsp pustulata is present across the species range 2 Zealandia pustulata subsp howensis is endemic to Lord Howe Island 8 2 Naming and classification editThe species was first named Polypodium pustulatum by botanist Georg Forster in 1786 9 Edwin Copeland published the name Microsorum pustulatum in Genera Filicum Copeland E B 1947 The name was derived from the species characteristic small blistered risen sori on its abaxial surface micro small sorum from sori pustulatum blistered 10 In 2019 the species was renamed Zealandia pustulata by Testo amp A R Field which is accepted by Plants of the World Online The species and its subspecies are known by numerous other synonyms 2 See also editPhlebodium aureum similar looking fern Microsorum punctatum another similar looking speciesReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microsorum pustulatum Hassler Michael amp Schmitt Bernd January 2020 Zealandia pustulata Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World Version 8 20 Retrieved 2020 02 11 a b c d e f Zealandia pustulata G Forst Testo amp A R Field Plants of the World Online Accessed 16 April 2023 Large MF Braggins JE Green PS 1992 A new combination for Polypodium pustulatum Forster f Polypodiaceae New Zealand Journal of Botany 30 2 207 208 Tindale M D 1961 Polypodiaceae Contributions from the New South Wales Herbarium Flora Series 210 24 46 G Jordan 2019 Brownlie G 1954 Introductory note to cyto taxonomic studies of New Zealand ferns Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82 665 666 as Microsorum diversifolium Willd Copel C Michael Hogan 2009 Crown Fern Blechnum discolor Globaltwitcher com ed N Stromberg Green P S 1994 Oceanic Islands 1 Flora of Australia Vol 49 Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra ABRS CSIRO Canberra and Melbourne Forster J G A 1786 Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus Dietrich Gottingen Copeland E B 1947 Genera Filicum Chronica Botanica Co Waltham Mass Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zealandia pustulata amp oldid 1187926647, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
