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Member of the National Academy of Sciences

January 01, 1970

Membership of the National Academy of Sciences is an award granted to scientists that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States judges to have made “distinguished and continuing achievements in original research”.[1][4] Membership is a mark of excellence in science and one of the highest honors that a scientist can receive.[5][6][7][8][9]

Member of the National Academy of Sciences
Awarded fordistinguished and continuing achievements in original research[1]
Sponsored byNational Academy of Sciences
DateAnnually since 1863 (1863)[2][3]
LocationWashington, D.C.
CountryUnited States
Total no. of members2,382 members
484 international members[1]
Websitenasonline.org/member-directory

NAS members and international members edit

Three types of NAS membership exist:[4][5]

  1. Voting members, who must hold citizenship of the United States
  2. Nonvoting international members,[10] who have citizenship outside the United States
  3. Emeritus members, who are no longer active and have rescinded their voting rights

As of May 2018 there were 2,382 active members and 484 international members,[11] of whom approximately 190 have received Nobel Prizes.[1] A full list of members can be found in the online members directory.[1] See the list of members of the National Academy of Sciences and Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences for examples.

Notable member firsts edit

Some notable member firsts and records include:

Member diversity edit

Critics have pointed to a lack of member diversity because of a selection bias for “old white men” who dominate membership of the Academy. Elite institutions such as the from Ivy League, MIT, Stanford, the University of California and Caltech also dominate membership,[25] thereby perpetuating the Matthew effect. Diversity of age, disability, race, religion, gender and sexual orientation is lower in NAS than in the general population.[9] For example, women in science are an underrepresented group in the Academy but the proportion of female members is slowly growing.[26][27][28]

  • In 1989, the academy had just 57 female members and 1,516 male members (3% female in total)[29]
  • In 2010, there were 14 newly elected women (19% new female inductees) from 72 new members[30]
  • In 2011, there were only 9 women (12% new female inductees) from 72 newly elected members.[31][9][32]
  • In 2012, the Academy elected 84 new members, with a record high of 26 women (30% new female inductees)[9]
  • In 2019, 50 women out of 125 new members were female (40% of new female inductees), another record high[33][34] although the proportion of women in the academy as a whole is much lower than 40%[27]

Persons of color are also underrepresented.[9][5]

Nomination and election of new members edit

New members and international members have been elected annually since 1863.[2] Membership can not be applied for as only voting academicians can submit formal nominations for newly elected members, for preferential voting in an annual ballot of members every March.[4] Candidates for membership are considered by peer review and voted for again through several rounds of balloting[35] and a final annual ballot in April at the annual general meeting (AGM) of the academy with results announced shortly after, usually early May.[8][11] Each nomination includes a curriculum vitae (CV) with a 250 word summary of the nominee's scientific achievements, the basis for election and a list of no more than 12 of their most important papers published in scientific journals.[4] The publication limit of 12 aims to focus assessment on the quality of a nominee's work, rather than the quantity of publications.[4][5]

As of 2019, a maximum of 100 members may be elected annually. Non-citizens of the USA are elected as international members, with a maximum of 25 elected annually. Both members and international members are affiliated with one of six scientific disciplines:[4]

  1. Physical science and mathematical sciences
  2. Biological sciences
  3. Engineering and applied sciences
  4. Biomedical sciences
  5. Behavioural sciences and social sciences
  6. Applied Biological, agricultural science and environmental sciences

On election, members are invited to an annual awards ceremony.[36]

Member biographies edit

Since 1966, newly elected members of the National Academy of Sciences have been invited to contribute an inaugural year article (IYA) to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) which is accompanied by a brief biography of the author.[37] Biographies of deceased members are published in the Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (BMNAS), for example see David Arnett's biography of Alastair G. W. Cameron.[38]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Anon (2019). . Nasonline.org. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 2019-03-20.
  2. ^ a b Olson, Steve (2014). "The National Academy of Sciences at 150". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (Supplement_2): 9327–9364. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111S9327O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1406109111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4077050. PMID 24958885.
  3. ^ "Overview: NAS History". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Anon (2019). . nasonline.org/member-directory. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18.
  5. ^ a b c d Alberts, Bruce; Fulton, Kenneth R. (2005). "Editorial: Election to the National Academy of Sciences: Pathways to membership". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (21): 7405–7406. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7405A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503457102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1140467. PMID 16586925.
  6. ^ Anon (1997). "Newly Elected Members and Foreign Associates of the National Academy of Sciences April 29, 1997". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (9): 4235–4236. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.4235.. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4235. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 33659. PMID 16578853.
  7. ^ Anon (2001). "New Members and Foreign Associates Elected to the National Academy of Sciences on May 1, 2001: 72 New Members Chosen by the Academy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (10): 5387–5388. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5387.. doi:10.1073/pnas.101188198. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 33222. PMID 16578859.
  8. ^ a b Anon (2000). "New Members and Foreign Associates Elected to the National Academy of Sciences on May 2, 2000. 60 New Members Chosen by the Academy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (10): 5037–5038. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.5037.. doi:10.1073/pnas.100999997. ISSN 0027-8424.
  9. ^ a b c d e Shen, Helen (2013). "US science academy celebrates 150 years: President Ralph Cicerone discusses diversity and efficiency at the National Academy of Sciences". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12530. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 180789927.
  10. ^ Wilson, Edwin B. (1953). "Vital Statistics of our Foreign Associates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 39 (12): 1295–1298. Bibcode:1953PNAS...39.1295W. doi:10.1073/pnas.39.12.1295. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1063952. PMID 16589414.
  11. ^ a b Anon (2018). "May 1 2018 NAS Election". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  12. ^ "Edward Pickering". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  13. ^ a b c Anon (2019). . nationalacademies.org. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Archived from the original on 2018-03-05.
  14. ^ Archibald, Raymond Clare (1936). "The Youngest Member Elected to the National Academy of Sciences". Science. 83 (2158): 436–437. doi:10.1126/science.83.2158.436-a. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17820127.
  15. ^ "Florence Sabin". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  16. ^ "David Blackwell". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  17. ^ Lavelle, Marianne (2015). "Science Editor-in-Chief Marcia McNutt set to become first woman to lead U.S. National Academy of Sciences". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aac8806. ISSN 0036-8075.
  18. ^ Nair, Prashant (2017). "QnAs with Marcia McNutt". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3272–3274. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3272N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703235114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5380059. PMID 28298528.
  19. ^ Nair, Prashant (2015). "QnAs with Ben Barres". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (33): 10074–10075. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11210074N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1512539112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4547303. PMID 26240349.
  20. ^ Anon (2013). . transnews.org. Trans Media Network. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  21. ^ "Ben Barres". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  22. ^ Anon (2018). "Frances Arnold Wins 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry". caltech.edu. California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2018-10-04.
  23. ^ a b Toumey, Chris (2005). . vt.edu. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on 2019-03-19.
  24. ^ a b Feynman, Richard; Feynman, Michelle (2005). Perfectly reasonable deviations from the beaten track : the letters of Richard P. Feynman. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0738206369. OCLC 57393623.
  25. ^ Leiter, Brian (2018). . typepad.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-29.
  26. ^ Spake Zuska, Thus (2007). . Scienceblogs.com. ScienceBlogs. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25.
  27. ^ a b Chivers, Tom (2016). . Buzzfeed.com. BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 2017-06-29.
  28. ^ "Women in Science". nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  29. ^ "News of the week from the science world". The San Francisco Examiner. May 20, 1989. p. D-2 – via newspapers.com.
  30. ^ Hoopes, Laura (2010). . nature.com. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24.
  31. ^ Montell, Gabriela (2007). "Only 9 Women Are Elected to the National Academy of Science". chronicle.com. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  32. ^ Hoopes, Laura (2011). . nature.com. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24.
  33. ^ "2019 NAS Election". www.nasonline.org.
  34. ^ Jaschik, Scott (2019). "Record Number of Women Join Academy of Sciences". insidehighered.com. Inside Higher Ed.
  35. ^ Ruksznis, Elizabeth (1996). "Getting in: A Look at the Election Process Of the National Academy of Sciences". Aps Observer. 9 (3).
  36. ^ "2019 NAS Presentation Ceremony". youtube.com. YouTube.
  37. ^ Cozzarelli, N. R.; Fulton, K. R.; Sullenberger, D. M.; Coughlin, B. C. (2003). "Biographies of newly elected Academy members". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (23): 13117. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10013117C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2536811100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 263723. PMID 14597709.
  38. ^ Arnett, David (2017). "A. G. W. Cameron 1925–2005, Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. arXiv:1708.05429.

External links edit

  • Official website

January 01, 1970
member, national, academy, sciences, membership, national, academy, sciences, award, granted, scientists, that, national, academy, sciences, united, states, judges, have, made, distinguished, continuing, achievements, original, research, membership, mark, exce. Membership of the National Academy of Sciences is an award granted to scientists that the National Academy of Sciences NAS of the United States judges to have made distinguished and continuing achievements in original research 1 4 Membership is a mark of excellence in science and one of the highest honors that a scientist can receive 5 6 7 8 9 Member of the National Academy of SciencesThe National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington D C Awarded fordistinguished and continuing achievements in original research 1 Sponsored byNational Academy of SciencesDateAnnually since 1863 1863 2 3 LocationWashington D C CountryUnited StatesTotal no of members2 382 members484 international members 1 Websitenasonline wbr org wbr member directory Contents 1 NAS members and international members 1 1 Notable member firsts 1 2 Member diversity 2 Nomination and election of new members 3 Member biographies 4 References 5 External linksNAS members and international members editThree types of NAS membership exist 4 5 Voting members who must hold citizenship of the United States Nonvoting international members 10 who have citizenship outside the United States Emeritus members who are no longer active and have rescinded their voting rights As of May 2018 update there were 2 382 active members and 484 international members 11 of whom approximately 190 have received Nobel Prizes 1 A full list of members can be found in the online members directory 1 See the list of members of the National Academy of Sciences and Category Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences for examples Notable member firsts edit Some notable member firsts and records include Edward C Pickering 1846 1919 12 was the youngest scientist elected only 26 years old at the time of his election in 1873 13 14 Florence R Sabin 1871 1953 15 was the first woman to be elected a member in 1924 13 David Blackwell 1919 2010 16 was the first African American elected in 1965 13 Marcia McNutt was the first woman to serve as president of the NAS 17 following her election as a member in 2005 18 Ben Barres 1954 2017 19 was the first transgender scientist elected in 2013 20 21 Frances Arnold was the first woman to be elected to all three National Academies in the United States the National Academy of Engineering NAE 2000 the National Academy of Medicine NAM 2004 and the National Academy of Sciences NAS 2008 22 Richard Feynman resigned his NAS membership because of what he perceived as the Academy s elitism and in group favoritism 23 24 Feynman outlines the reasons for his resignation in his published correspondence Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track 23 24 Though arguably the most famous Feynman was not alone Richard Lewontin also resigned for principled reasons as opposed say to ill health in 1972 and Josiah Whitney was the first member to resign in 1874 Member diversity edit Critics have pointed to a lack of member diversity because of a selection bias for old white men who dominate membership of the Academy Elite institutions such as the from Ivy League MIT Stanford the University of California and Caltech also dominate membership 25 thereby perpetuating the Matthew effect Diversity of age disability race religion gender and sexual orientation is lower in NAS than in the general population 9 For example women in science are an underrepresented group in the Academy but the proportion of female members is slowly growing 26 27 28 In 1989 the academy had just 57 female members and 1 516 male members 3 female in total 29 In 2010 there were 14 newly elected women 19 new female inductees from 72 new members 30 In 2011 there were only 9 women 12 new female inductees from 72 newly elected members 31 9 32 In 2012 the Academy elected 84 new members with a record high of 26 women 30 new female inductees 9 In 2019 50 women out of 125 new members were female 40 of new female inductees another record high 33 34 although the proportion of women in the academy as a whole is much lower than 40 27 Persons of color are also underrepresented 9 5 Nomination and election of new members editNew members and international members have been elected annually since 1863 2 Membership can not be applied for as only voting academicians can submit formal nominations for newly elected members for preferential voting in an annual ballot of members every March 4 Candidates for membership are considered by peer review and voted for again through several rounds of balloting 35 and a final annual ballot in April at the annual general meeting AGM of the academy with results announced shortly after usually early May 8 11 Each nomination includes a curriculum vitae CV with a 250 word summary of the nominee s scientific achievements the basis for election and a list of no more than 12 of their most important papers published in scientific journals 4 The publication limit of 12 aims to focus assessment on the quality of a nominee s work rather than the quantity of publications 4 5 As of 2019 update a maximum of 100 members may be elected annually Non citizens of the USA are elected as international members with a maximum of 25 elected annually Both members and international members are affiliated with one of six scientific disciplines 4 Physical science and mathematical sciences Biological sciences Engineering and applied sciences Biomedical sciences Behavioural sciences and social sciences Applied Biological agricultural science and environmental sciences On election members are invited to an annual awards ceremony 36 Member biographies editSince 1966 newly elected members of the National Academy of Sciences have been invited to contribute an inaugural year article IYA to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PNAS which is accompanied by a brief biography of the author 37 Biographies of deceased members are published in the Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences BMNAS for example see David Arnett s biography of Alastair G W Cameron 38 References edit a b c d e Anon 2019 About NAS membership Nasonline org National Academy of Sciences Archived from the original on 2019 03 20 a b Olson Steve 2014 The National Academy of Sciences at 150 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 Supplement 2 9327 9364 Bibcode 2014PNAS 111S9327O doi 10 1073 pnas 1406109111 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 4077050 PMID 24958885 Overview NAS History nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 a b c d e f Anon 2019 NAS Member Directory nasonline org member directory Archived from the original on 2019 04 18 a b c d Alberts Bruce Fulton Kenneth R 2005 Editorial Election to the National Academy of Sciences Pathways to membership Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 21 7405 7406 Bibcode 2005PNAS 102 7405A doi 10 1073 pnas 0503457102 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 1140467 PMID 16586925 Anon 1997 Newly Elected Members and Foreign Associates of the National Academy of Sciences April 29 1997 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94 9 4235 4236 Bibcode 1997PNAS 94 4235 doi 10 1073 pnas 94 9 4235 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 33659 PMID 16578853 Anon 2001 New Members and Foreign Associates Elected to the National Academy of Sciences on May 1 2001 72 New Members Chosen by the Academy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 10 5387 5388 Bibcode 2001PNAS 98 5387 doi 10 1073 pnas 101188198 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 33222 PMID 16578859 a b Anon 2000 New Members and Foreign Associates Elected to the National Academy of Sciences on May 2 2000 60 New Members Chosen by the Academy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 10 5037 5038 Bibcode 2000PNAS 97 5037 doi 10 1073 pnas 100999997 ISSN 0027 8424 a b c d e Shen Helen 2013 US science academy celebrates 150 years President Ralph Cicerone discusses diversity and efficiency at the National Academy of Sciences Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2013 12530 ISSN 1476 4687 S2CID 180789927 Wilson Edwin B 1953 Vital Statistics of our Foreign Associates Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 39 12 1295 1298 Bibcode 1953PNAS 39 1295W doi 10 1073 pnas 39 12 1295 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 1063952 PMID 16589414 a b Anon 2018 May 1 2018 NAS Election nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 Edward Pickering nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 a b c Anon 2019 Membership FAQ nationalacademies org National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Archived from the original on 2018 03 05 Archibald Raymond Clare 1936 The Youngest Member Elected to the National Academy of Sciences Science 83 2158 436 437 doi 10 1126 science 83 2158 436 a ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 17820127 Florence Sabin nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 David Blackwell nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 Lavelle Marianne 2015 Science Editor in Chief Marcia McNutt set to become first woman to lead U S National Academy of Sciences Science doi 10 1126 science aac8806 ISSN 0036 8075 Nair Prashant 2017 QnAs with Marcia McNutt Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 13 3272 3274 Bibcode 2017PNAS 114 3272N doi 10 1073 pnas 1703235114 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 5380059 PMID 28298528 Nair Prashant 2015 QnAs with Ben Barres Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 33 10074 10075 Bibcode 2015PNAS 11210074N doi 10 1073 pnas 1512539112 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 4547303 PMID 26240349 Anon 2013 Neurobiologist Becomes First Transgender Scientist Selected For U S National Academy of Science Membership transnews org Trans Media Network Archived from the original on 2018 10 02 Retrieved 2019 04 25 Ben Barres nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 Anon 2018 Frances Arnold Wins 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry caltech edu California Institute of Technology Retrieved 2018 10 04 a b Toumey Chris 2005 SPT v8n3 Reviews Feynman Unprocessed vt edu Virginia Tech Archived from the original on 2019 03 19 a b Feynman Richard Feynman Michelle 2005 Perfectly reasonable deviations from the beaten track the letters of Richard P Feynman New York Basic Books ISBN 0738206369 OCLC 57393623 Leiter Brian 2018 Top 50 universities by membership in the National Academy of Sciences typepad com Archived from the original on 2019 04 29 Spake Zuska Thus 2007 NAS Deigns to Admit 9 Women This Year Scienceblogs com ScienceBlogs Archived from the original on 2019 04 25 a b Chivers Tom 2016 This Is How Many Women Are Members Of Science Academies Buzzfeed com BuzzFeed Archived from the original on 2017 06 29 Women in Science nasonline org Retrieved 25 April 2019 News of the week from the science world The San Francisco Examiner May 20 1989 p D 2 via newspapers com Hoopes Laura 2010 National Academy of Sciences List for 2010 nature com Archived from the original on 2019 03 24 Montell Gabriela 2007 Only 9 Women Are Elected to the National Academy of Science chronicle com The Chronicle of Higher Education Hoopes Laura 2011 National Academy of Sciences Picks Few Women Again nature com Archived from the original on 2019 03 24 2019 NAS Election www nasonline org Jaschik Scott 2019 Record Number of Women Join Academy of Sciences insidehighered com Inside Higher Ed Ruksznis Elizabeth 1996 Getting in A Look at the Election Process Of the National Academy of Sciences Aps Observer 9 3 2019 NAS Presentation Ceremony youtube com YouTube Cozzarelli N R Fulton K R Sullenberger D M Coughlin B C 2003 Biographies of newly elected Academy members Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 23 13117 Bibcode 2003PNAS 10013117C doi 10 1073 pnas 2536811100 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 263723 PMID 14597709 Arnett David 2017 A G W Cameron 1925 2005 Biographical Memoir National Academy of Sciences PDF Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences arXiv 1708 05429 External links editOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Member of the National Academy of Sciences amp oldid 1208604396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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