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Mekong giant catfish

February 16, 2024

Not to be confused with giant pangasius.

The Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas; Thai: ปลาบึก, RTGS: pla buek, pronounced [plāː bɯ̀k]; Khmer: ត្រីរាជ /trəy riec/; Vietnamese: cá tra dầu), is a large, threatened species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the shark catfish family (Pangasiidae), native to the Mekong basin in Southeast Asia and adjacent China. It is considered critically endangered due to overfishing and habitat loss.[1]

Mekong giant catfish
At the Gifu World Freshwater Aquarium
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Pangasiidae
Genus: Pangasianodon
Species:
P. gigas
Binomial name
Pangasianodon gigas
Chevey, 1931
Synonyms
  • Pangasius gigas (Chevey, 1931)
  • Pangasius paucidens Fang & Chaux, 1949
Illustration of a Mekong giant catfish at a Buddhist temple in Chiang Khong.

Description edit

 
Depiction of a mature Mekong giant catfish from the Illustrated collection of fishes from Asia, Africa and Australia

Grey to white in color and lacking stripes, the Mekong giant catfish is distinguished from other large catfish species in the river by the near-total lack of barbels and the absence of teeth. Young Mekong catfish do exhibit barbels and oral teeth, but these features diminish as they age and are absent by the time they grow to be 30-50cm in length. [3]

Mekong giant catfish are one of the largest species of freshwater fish. In 2005, the Mekong giant catfish attained the Guinness World Record for the world's largest freshwater fish.[4][5] Attaining a length of up to 3 m (9.8 ft), the Mekong giant catfish grows extremely quickly, reaching a mass of 150 to 200 kg (330 to 440 lb) in only six years.[3] It can reportedly weigh up to 350 kg (770 lb).[3] The largest catch recorded in Thailand since record-keeping began in 1981 was a female measuring 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) in length and weighing 293 kg (646 lb). This specimen, caught in 2005, was widely recognized as the largest entirely freshwater fish ever caught (the largest sturgeon species can far exceed this size, but they are anadromous), until surpassed in June of 2022 by a giant freshwater stingray specimen caught in Cambodia.[6] Thai fisheries officials stripped the giant catfish, caught in 2005, of its eggs as part of a breeding program, intending then to release it, but the fish died in captivity and was sold as food to local villagers.[5][7][8]

 
Mekong Giant Catfish, gifted to Japan by Thailand, on display at Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium

Distribution and habitat edit

The Mekong giant catfish is a threatened species in the Mekong, and conservationists have focused on it as a flagship species to promote conservation on the river.[4][9] Although research projects are currently ongoing, relatively little is known about this species. Historically, the fish's natural range reached from the lower Mekong in Vietnam (above the tidally influenced brackish water of the river's delta) all the way to the northern reaches of the river in the Yunnan Province of China, spanning almost the entire 4,800 km (3,000 mi) length of the river.[10] Due to threats, this species no longer inhabits the majority of its original habitat. It is now believed to only exist in small, isolated populations in the middle Mekong region.[4] Fish congregate during the beginning of the rainy season and migrate upstream to spawn.[4] They live primarily in the main channel of the river, where the water depth is over 10 m (33 ft),[11] while researchers, fishermen and officials have found this species in the Tonle Sap River and Lake in Cambodia, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. In the past, fishers have reported the fish in a number of the Mekong's tributaries. Today,[when?] however, essentially no sightings are reported outside of the main Mekong river channel and the Tonle Sap region. A 150 kg individual was found in a Kelantan river in Malaysia, it is believed to have been released illegally.

Understanding of the species’ migration pattern is incomplete.[12] The fish are thought to rear primarily in the Mekong and Cambodia's Tonle Sap lake and migrate hundreds of miles north to spawning grounds in Thailand.[12][13] Spawning fish in the upper Cambodia are being over harvested. Fragmentation caused by infrastructure development of dams are becoming increasingly common posing threats to larval fish and reducing breeding abilities.[14][15] Overfishing, damming, destruction of spawning, and breeding grounds and siltation have taken a toll on the species' habitat.[13]

Feeding edit

As fry, this species feeds on zooplankton in the river and is known to be cannibalistic.[16] After about one year, the fish becomes herbivorous, feeding on filamentous algae, probably ingesting larvae and periphyton accidentally.[citation needed] The fish likely obtains its food from algae growing on submerged rocky surfaces, as it does not have any sort of dentition.[16] The Mekong giant catfish are toothless herbivores that live off of the plants and algae in the river.[13] One scientific study found zooplankton and phytoplankton in their stomach contents.[17]

In captivity edit

Mekong giant catfish are now successfully bred in Thailand, they are often hybridised with the iridescent shark to make the Mekong iridescent shark. They also have a short body form like the paroon shark and iridescent shark. They are also bred for the aquarium trade. Ownership and importation of the fish has been restricted in various states of Australia due to fears it could become an invasive species. [18] [19]

As a sport fish edit

Mekong giant catfish along with the giant barb, giant pangasius, redtail catfish and alligator gar are a common sport fish in exotic fishing ponds in Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam. This is because of their giant size and because they often put up a strong fight after getting hooked.

Conservation edit

Endemic to the lower half of the Mekong River, this catfish is in danger of extinction due to overfishing, as well as the decrease in water quality due to development and upstream damming.[12] A 2018 study suggests that the Mekong stocks could fall up to 40% as the result of dam projects.[20] The current IUCN Red List for fishes classes the species as critically endangered; the number living in the wild is unknown, but catch data indicate the population has fallen by 80% in the last 14 years.[1][21] It is also listed in Appendix I of CITES, banning commercial international trade involving wild-caught specimens.[22]

In The Anthropologists' Cookbook (1977), Jessica Kuper noted the importance of the pa beuk to the Lao people and remarked, "In times gone by, this huge fish, which is found only in the Mekong, was fairly plentiful, but in the last few years, the number taken annually has dwindled to forty, thirty or twenty, and perhaps in 1976 even fewer. This is sad, as it is a noble fish and a mysterious one, revered by the Lao."[23] In 2000, fishermen hauled out 11 giant catfish. In 2001 they caught seven. In 2002 they caught just five.[24]

Fishing for the Mekong giant catfish is illegal in the wild in Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, but the bans appear to be ineffective and the fish continue to be caught in all three countries.[1] In recognition of the threat to the species, though, nearly 60 Thai fishermen agreed to stop catching the endangered catfish in June 2006, to mark the 60th anniversary of Bhumibol Adulyadej's ascension to the throne of Thailand.[25] Thailand is the only country to allow fishing for private stocks of Mekong giant catfish. This helps save the species, as lakes purchase the small fry from the government breeding programme, generating extra income that allows the breeding program to function.[citation needed] Fishing lakes, such as Bueng Samran (บึงสำราญ) in Bangkok, have the species up to 140 kg (310 lb). The most common size landed is 18 kg (40 lb), although some companies specialise in landing the larger fish.

The species needs to reach 50–70 kg (110–150 lb) to breed, and it does not breed in lakes. The Thailand Fisheries Department has instituted a breeding programme to restock the Mekong River. From 2000 to 2003, about 10,000 captive-bred specimens were released by the Thai authorities.[1] Specimens are released into reservoirs rather than the Mekong River itself.[1]

The Mekong giant catfish is described as a contemporary example of overharvest.[12] Millions of tons of fish are harvested in Cambodia every year, with spawning fish being overharvested. Fragmentation caused by dams increasingly poses threats to larval fish.[14] Trends in water use, energy production, consumption, and associated environmental degradation are projected to continue rising in Southeast Asia. Mekong giant catfish are highly migratory, requiring large stretches of river for seasonal journeys and specific environmental conditions in their spawning and breeding areas.[13]

The World Wide Fund for Nature works in partnership with other organizations including the Mekong River Commission and the Asian Development Bank which aims to ensure that environmental and social impacts are considered in developments of hydropower infrastructures. It also implements projects dedicated to conservation, research, monitoring, and raising awareness of the Mekong giant catfish.[15]

In culture and art edit

In Thai folklore, this fish is regarded with reverence, and special rituals are followed and offerings are made before fishing it.[26] The species is represented as ancient art along the Mekong River.[13]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Hogan, Z. (2011). "Pangasianodon gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T15944A5324699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T15944A5324699.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Pangasianodon gigas" in FishBase. July 2014 version.
  4. ^ a b c d Hogan, Z. S. (2004). "Threatened Fishes of the World: Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1931 (Pangasiidae)". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 70 (3): 210. doi:10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033487.97350.4c. S2CID 42141812.
  5. ^ a b Mydans, Seth (2005-08-25). "Hunt for the big fish becomes a race". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  6. ^ Tsoi, Grace (20 June 2022). "World's largest freshwater fish found in Mekong, scientists say". BBC News. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  7. ^ Owen, James (2005-06-29). . National Geographic News. Archived from the original on June 30, 2005. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
  8. ^ "Fish whopper: 646 pounds a freshwater record". NBC News. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
  9. ^ MGCCG, 2005
  10. ^ Lopez, Alvin, ed. (2007). "2.3 Focal species". MWBP working papers on Mekong Giant Catfish, Pangasianodon gigas (PDF). Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme.
  11. ^ Mattson, Niklas S.; Buakhamvongsa, Kongpheng; Sukumasavin, Naruepon; Tuan, Nguyen; Vibol, Ouk (2002). "Mekong giant fish species: on their management and biology" (PDF). Mekong River Commission Technical Paper (3): 14.
  12. ^ a b c d Eva, Bellemain; Harmony, Patricio; Thomas, Gray; Francois, Guegan; Alice, Valentini; Claude, Miuad; Tony, Dejean (July 13, 2016). "Trails of river monster: Detecting critically endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasiadon gigs using environmental DNA". Global Ecology and Conservation: 148–156. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2016.06.007. hdl:10072/99989.
  13. ^ a b c d e The Elusive Giant Catfish (Television production). National Geographic. July 20, 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13.
  14. ^ a b (Television production). National Geographic. September 4, 2018. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  15. ^ a b "The giant of the Mekong". World Wildlife Fund for Nature. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  16. ^ a b (Pholprasith, 1983 as cited in Mattson et al. 2002)
  17. ^ Yamagishi, Y.; et al. (2004). "Study on feeding habits of Mekong giant catfish in Mae Peum Reservoir, Thailand" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Sym Posium on SEA STA R2000 and Bio-logging Science (The 5th SEA STA R2000 Workshop): 105–109.
  18. ^ Authority, Victorian Fisheries (17 June 2020). "List of Noxious Aquatic Species in Victoria". VFA.
  19. ^ "Invasive fish of Queensland" (PDF). Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. The State of Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  20. ^ Lovgren, S. (2018). . National Geographic. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  21. ^ . National Geographic News. 2003-11-18. Archived from the original on November 21, 2003. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
  22. ^ . CITES. 2006-06-14. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
  23. ^ Kuper, Jessica (1977). The Anthropologists' Cookbook. Universe Books. p. 167.
  24. ^ Roach, John (2003-05-15). . National Geographic News. Archived from the original on June 28, 2003. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  25. ^ "Giant Mekong catfish off the hook". BBC News. 2006-06-10. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2012-10-05.

External links edit

February 16, 2024
mekong, giant, catfish, confused, with, giant, pangasius, pangasianodon, gigas, thai, ปลาบ, rtgs, buek, pronounced, plāː, khmer, trəy, riec, vietnamese, dầu, large, threatened, species, catfish, order, siluriformes, shark, catfish, family, pangasiidae, native,. Not to be confused with giant pangasius The Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas Thai plabuk RTGS pla buek pronounced plaː bɯ k Khmer ត រ រ ជ trey riec Vietnamese ca tra dầu is a large threatened species of catfish order Siluriformes in the shark catfish family Pangasiidae native to the Mekong basin in Southeast Asia and adjacent China It is considered critically endangered due to overfishing and habitat loss 1 Mekong giant catfishAt the Gifu World Freshwater AquariumConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix I CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder SiluriformesFamily PangasiidaeGenus PangasianodonSpecies P gigasBinomial namePangasianodon gigasChevey 1931SynonymsPangasius gigas Chevey 1931 Pangasius paucidens Fang amp Chaux 1949Illustration of a Mekong giant catfish at a Buddhist temple in Chiang Khong Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Feeding 4 In captivity 5 As a sport fish 6 Conservation 7 In culture and art 8 References 9 External linksDescription edit nbsp Depiction of a mature Mekong giant catfish from the Illustrated collection of fishes from Asia Africa and AustraliaGrey to white in color and lacking stripes the Mekong giant catfish is distinguished from other large catfish species in the river by the near total lack of barbels and the absence of teeth Young Mekong catfish do exhibit barbels and oral teeth but these features diminish as they age and are absent by the time they grow to be 30 50cm in length 3 Mekong giant catfish are one of the largest species of freshwater fish In 2005 the Mekong giant catfish attained the Guinness World Record for the world s largest freshwater fish 4 5 Attaining a length of up to 3 m 9 8 ft the Mekong giant catfish grows extremely quickly reaching a mass of 150 to 200 kg 330 to 440 lb in only six years 3 It can reportedly weigh up to 350 kg 770 lb 3 The largest catch recorded in Thailand since record keeping began in 1981 was a female measuring 2 7 m 8 ft 10 in in length and weighing 293 kg 646 lb This specimen caught in 2005 was widely recognized as the largest entirely freshwater fish ever caught the largest sturgeon species can far exceed this size but they are anadromous until surpassed in June of 2022 by a giant freshwater stingray specimen caught in Cambodia 6 Thai fisheries officials stripped the giant catfish caught in 2005 of its eggs as part of a breeding program intending then to release it but the fish died in captivity and was sold as food to local villagers 5 7 8 nbsp Mekong Giant Catfish gifted to Japan by Thailand on display at Nagasaki Penguin AquariumDistribution and habitat editThe Mekong giant catfish is a threatened species in the Mekong and conservationists have focused on it as a flagship species to promote conservation on the river 4 9 Although research projects are currently ongoing relatively little is known about this species Historically the fish s natural range reached from the lower Mekong in Vietnam above the tidally influenced brackish water of the river s delta all the way to the northern reaches of the river in the Yunnan Province of China spanning almost the entire 4 800 km 3 000 mi length of the river 10 Due to threats this species no longer inhabits the majority of its original habitat It is now believed to only exist in small isolated populations in the middle Mekong region 4 Fish congregate during the beginning of the rainy season and migrate upstream to spawn 4 They live primarily in the main channel of the river where the water depth is over 10 m 33 ft 11 while researchers fishermen and officials have found this species in the Tonle Sap River and Lake in Cambodia a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve In the past fishers have reported the fish in a number of the Mekong s tributaries Today when however essentially no sightings are reported outside of the main Mekong river channel and the Tonle Sap region A 150 kg individual was found in a Kelantan river in Malaysia it is believed to have been released illegally Understanding of the species migration pattern is incomplete 12 The fish are thought to rear primarily in the Mekong and Cambodia s Tonle Sap lake and migrate hundreds of miles north to spawning grounds in Thailand 12 13 Spawning fish in the upper Cambodia are being over harvested Fragmentation caused by infrastructure development of dams are becoming increasingly common posing threats to larval fish and reducing breeding abilities 14 15 Overfishing damming destruction of spawning and breeding grounds and siltation have taken a toll on the species habitat 13 Feeding editAs fry this species feeds on zooplankton in the river and is known to be cannibalistic 16 After about one year the fish becomes herbivorous feeding on filamentous algae probably ingesting larvae and periphyton accidentally citation needed The fish likely obtains its food from algae growing on submerged rocky surfaces as it does not have any sort of dentition 16 The Mekong giant catfish are toothless herbivores that live off of the plants and algae in the river 13 One scientific study found zooplankton and phytoplankton in their stomach contents 17 In captivity editMekong giant catfish are now successfully bred in Thailand they are often hybridised with the iridescent shark to make the Mekong iridescent shark They also have a short body form like the paroon shark and iridescent shark They are also bred for the aquarium trade Ownership and importation of the fish has been restricted in various states of Australia due to fears it could become an invasive species 18 19 As a sport fish editMekong giant catfish along with the giant barb giant pangasius redtail catfish and alligator gar are a common sport fish in exotic fishing ponds in Thailand Malaysia and Vietnam This is because of their giant size and because they often put up a strong fight after getting hooked Conservation editEndemic to the lower half of the Mekong River this catfish is in danger of extinction due to overfishing as well as the decrease in water quality due to development and upstream damming 12 A 2018 study suggests that the Mekong stocks could fall up to 40 as the result of dam projects 20 The current IUCN Red List for fishes classes the species as critically endangered the number living in the wild is unknown but catch data indicate the population has fallen by 80 in the last 14 years 1 21 It is also listed in Appendix I of CITES banning commercial international trade involving wild caught specimens 22 In The Anthropologists Cookbook 1977 Jessica Kuper noted the importance of the pa beuk to the Lao people and remarked In times gone by this huge fish which is found only in the Mekong was fairly plentiful but in the last few years the number taken annually has dwindled to forty thirty or twenty and perhaps in 1976 even fewer This is sad as it is a noble fish and a mysterious one revered by the Lao 23 In 2000 fishermen hauled out 11 giant catfish In 2001 they caught seven In 2002 they caught just five 24 Fishing for the Mekong giant catfish is illegal in the wild in Thailand Laos and Cambodia but the bans appear to be ineffective and the fish continue to be caught in all three countries 1 In recognition of the threat to the species though nearly 60 Thai fishermen agreed to stop catching the endangered catfish in June 2006 to mark the 60th anniversary of Bhumibol Adulyadej s ascension to the throne of Thailand 25 Thailand is the only country to allow fishing for private stocks of Mekong giant catfish This helps save the species as lakes purchase the small fry from the government breeding programme generating extra income that allows the breeding program to function citation needed Fishing lakes such as Bueng Samran bungsaray in Bangkok have the species up to 140 kg 310 lb The most common size landed is 18 kg 40 lb although some companies specialise in landing the larger fish The species needs to reach 50 70 kg 110 150 lb to breed and it does not breed in lakes The Thailand Fisheries Department has instituted a breeding programme to restock the Mekong River From 2000 to 2003 about 10 000 captive bred specimens were released by the Thai authorities 1 Specimens are released into reservoirs rather than the Mekong River itself 1 The Mekong giant catfish is described as a contemporary example of overharvest 12 Millions of tons of fish are harvested in Cambodia every year with spawning fish being overharvested Fragmentation caused by dams increasingly poses threats to larval fish 14 Trends in water use energy production consumption and associated environmental degradation are projected to continue rising in Southeast Asia Mekong giant catfish are highly migratory requiring large stretches of river for seasonal journeys and specific environmental conditions in their spawning and breeding areas 13 The World Wide Fund for Nature works in partnership with other organizations including the Mekong River Commission and the Asian Development Bank which aims to ensure that environmental and social impacts are considered in developments of hydropower infrastructures It also implements projects dedicated to conservation research monitoring and raising awareness of the Mekong giant catfish 15 In culture and art editIn Thai folklore this fish is regarded with reverence and special rituals are followed and offerings are made before fishing it 26 The species is represented as ancient art along the Mekong River 13 References edit a b c d e f Hogan Z 2011 Pangasianodon gigas IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T15944A5324699 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 1 RLTS T15944A5324699 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b c Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2014 Pangasianodon gigas in FishBase July 2014 version a b c d Hogan Z S 2004 Threatened Fishes of the World Pangasianodon gigas Chevey 1931 Pangasiidae Environmental Biology of Fishes 70 3 210 doi 10 1023 B EBFI 0000033487 97350 4c S2CID 42141812 a b Mydans Seth 2005 08 25 Hunt for the big fish becomes a race The New York Times Retrieved 3 March 2013 Tsoi Grace 20 June 2022 World s largest freshwater fish found in Mekong scientists say BBC News Retrieved 20 June 2022 Owen James 2005 06 29 Grizzly Bear Size Catfish Caught in Thailand National Geographic News Archived from the original on June 30 2005 Retrieved 2006 06 29 Fish whopper 646 pounds a freshwater record NBC News 2005 07 01 Retrieved 2006 06 29 MGCCG 2005 Lopez Alvin ed 2007 2 3 Focal species MWBP working papers on Mekong Giant Catfish Pangasianodon gigas PDF Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme Mattson Niklas S Buakhamvongsa Kongpheng Sukumasavin Naruepon Tuan Nguyen Vibol Ouk 2002 Mekong giant fish species on their management and biology PDF Mekong River Commission Technical Paper 3 14 a b c d Eva Bellemain Harmony Patricio Thomas Gray Francois Guegan Alice Valentini Claude Miuad Tony Dejean July 13 2016 Trails of river monster Detecting critically endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasiadon gigs using environmental DNA Global Ecology and Conservation 148 156 doi 10 1016 j gecco 2016 06 007 hdl 10072 99989 a b c d e The Elusive Giant Catfish Television production National Geographic July 20 2009 Archived from the original on 2021 12 13 a b Searching for Giant Catfish Babies on the Mekong Television production National Geographic September 4 2018 Archived from the original on March 26 2019 Retrieved 9 March 2019 a b The giant of the Mekong World Wildlife Fund for Nature Retrieved 26 March 2019 a b Pholprasith 1983 as cited in Mattson et al 2002 Yamagishi Y et al 2004 Study on feeding habits of Mekong giant catfish in Mae Peum Reservoir Thailand PDF Proceedings of the International Sym Posium on SEA STA R2000 and Bio logging Science The 5th SEA STA R2000 Workshop 105 109 Authority Victorian Fisheries 17 June 2020 List of Noxious Aquatic Species in Victoria VFA Invasive fish of Queensland PDF Department of Agriculture and Fisheries The State of Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Retrieved 23 June 2022 Lovgren S 2018 Southeast asia may be building too many dams too fast National Geographic Archived from the original on August 23 2018 Retrieved 19 April 2019 Giant Catfish Critically Endangered Group Says National Geographic News 2003 11 18 Archived from the original on November 21 2003 Retrieved 2006 06 29 CITES Appendices I II and III CITES 2006 06 14 Archived from the original on 2007 02 03 Retrieved 2006 06 29 Kuper Jessica 1977 The Anthropologists Cookbook Universe Books p 167 Roach John 2003 05 15 Big Trouble for Asia s Giant Catfish National Geographic News Archived from the original on June 28 2003 Retrieved 20 February 2018 Giant Mekong catfish off the hook BBC News 2006 06 10 Retrieved 2006 06 29 Pla Buek The Giant Catfish of the Mae Khong River Chiangrai Archived from the original on 2013 01 21 Retrieved 2012 10 05 External links edit Pangasianodon gigas Integrated Taxonomic Information System 19 March 2013 Photo in National Geographic of a large specimen Fresh Water Fish of Thailand Fruits found at the Mekong Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mekong giant catfish amp oldid 1199913276, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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