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Wikipedia

Mass media in Japan

January 20, 2023

"Japanese media" redirects here. For popular entertainment media, see Japanese popular culture.

The mass media in Japan include numerous television and radio networks as well as newspapers and magazines in Japan. For the most part, television networks were established based on capital investments by existing radio networks. Variety shows, serial dramas, and news constitute a large percentage of Japanese evening shows.

Western movies are also shown, many with a subchannel for English. There are all-English television channels on cable and satellite (with Japanese subtitles).

TV networks

Main article: Television in Japan

There are 6 nationwide television networks, as follows:

In addition, there is the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations (JAITS), which consists of independent stations in the three major metropolitan areas (excluding Ibaraki, Aichi, and Osaka), and includes TV stations affiliated with the Chunichi Shimbun newspaper such as Tokyo MX and TV Kanagawa. There is.

Radio networks

Main article: List of radio stations in Japan

AM radio

  1. NHK Radio 1, NHK Radio 2
  2. Japan Radio Network (JRN)—Flagship Station: TBS radio (TBSラジオ)
  3. National Radio Network (NRN)—Flagship Stations: Nippon Cultural Broadcasting (文化放送) and Nippon Broadcasting System (ニッポン放送)
  4. Radio Nikkei is an independent shortwave station broadcasts nationwide with two services.

FM radio

  1. NHK-FM
  2. Japan FM Network (JFN)—Tokyo FM Broadcasting Co.,ltd.
  3. Japan FM League—J-Wave Inc.
  4. MegaNet—FM Interwave (InterFM)

See also

Social media

Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Line, are the leading used media platforms in the Japanese industry.[2] Line is an app used for instant communication on electronic devices. Statistics show that Facebook use in Japan is at 47.75%, Twitter use is at 19.33%, YouTube use is at 13.9%, Pinterest use is at 10.69%, Instagram use is at 4.93%, and Tumblr use is at 2.29%.[3] In Japan, as of 2017, nearly 100% of residents are online, smartphone use is reaching 80%, and some form of social media is being used by over half of the population.[4]

Magazines

Weekly magazines

Main article: Shūkanshi
  1. Aera (アエラ) – Centre-left
  2. Friday (フライデー) – photo magazine
  3. Josei Jishin (女性自身) – for women
  4. Nikkei Business (日経ビジネス) – economic
  5. Shūkan Asahi (週刊朝日). Liberal.
  6. Shūkan Economist (週刊エコノミスト). Economic
  7. Shūkan Kinyoubi (週刊金曜日). Far-left.
  8. Shūkan Bunshun (週刊文春). Conservative
  9. Shūkan Diamond (週刊ダイヤモンド). Economic
  10. Shūkan Gendai (週刊現代)　Liberal.
  11. Shūkan Josei (週刊女性). For women
  12. Shūkan Post (週刊ポスト). Conservative
  13. Shūkan Shinchou (週刊新潮). Conservative
  14. Shūkan Toyo Keizai (週刊東洋経済). Economic
  15. Spa! (スパ!). Conservative
  16. Sunday Mainichi (サンデー毎日).　Liberal

Monthly magazines

  1. Bungei Shunjuu (文藝春秋). Conservative.
  2. Chuuou Kouron (中央公論). Affiliated with the Yomiuri Shimbun. Conservative.
  3. Seiron (正論). Published by the Sankei Shimbun Company. Conservative.
  4. Sekai (世界). Progressive.

Manga magazines

Main article: List of manga magazines

Newspapers

Main article: Japanese newspapers
See also: List of newspapers in Japan

Major papers

  1. Yomiuri Shimbun (読売新聞). Conservative. First ranked in daily circulation at around 7 million per day. The Yomiuri exchanged a special contract with The Times. Affiliated with Nippon Television. Nikkatsu Film is a grandchild company.
  2. Asahi Shimbun (朝日新聞). Liberal, Third way. Second ranked in daily circulation at around 5 million copies per day. Although Asahi does not support any political party politically, Asahi is former symbol of Japanese left-leaning discourse. They are pacifists and pursue Japanese war crimes. So, Asahi has suffered defamation and terrorism by Japanese radical nationalists and historical revisionists. that group companies include Toei (de facto), Asahi Broadcasting Company, TV Asahi, and Asahi Net.
  3. Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞). Centre-left, Keynesian. Fifth ranked in daily circulation—around 2 million per day. Although the capital tie-up with Mainichi Broadcasting System / Tokyo Broadcasting System has been dissolved, it is still a friendship company that exchanges employees and cooperates with the press. In 2020, the circulation was overtaken by the Chunichi Shimbun alone (Tōkai version), which does not include the Tokyo Shimbun. Deep relationship with Kodansha and Shochiku Film.
  4. Nikkei Shimbun (日本経済新聞). Conservative, Economic liberal with more centre-right. Fourth ranked in daily circulation at around 2 million copies per day. Economic paper in the style of The Wall Street Journal. Affiliated with TV Tokyo.

Regional papers

There is the Sankei Shimbun (産経新聞), which is a medium-sized newspaper published in Kansai and Kanto. They were nationwide newspaper until 2020, and considered major paper once.This newspaper publishes Sankei Sports and the tabloid Yukan Fuji. It belongs to the Fujisankei Communications Group, a media conglomerate. They are known as radical right newspaper. Their opinions and columns always blame Korea and China.

Chunichi Shimbun/Tokyo Shimbun (中日新聞/東京新聞). They are largest regional paper. Third ranked in daily circulation at around 2 million copies per day.In the Kanto region, it will be published under the title of the Tokyo Shimbun(東京新聞). Although it is not a nationwide newspaper, it is published in most of the Chubu and Kanto regions, and is a leading newspaper based in Nagoya. Center-left to left-wing, It is also the most liberal and progressive major news media in Japan.

Other nationally known regional papers include Nishinippon Shimbun (西日本新聞) in Kyushu, Hokkaido Shimbun (北海道新聞) in Hokkaido, Chugoku Shimbun (中国新聞) in Chugoku.

Specialty papers

Among niche newspapers are publications like the widely circulated Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (The Business and Technology Daily News), the Buddhist organization Sōka Gakkai's daily Seikyo Shimbun (聖教新聞), and Shimbun Akahata, the daily organ of the Japanese Communist Party. Other niches include papers devoted entirely to predicting the results of horse races. One of the best-known papers in the genre is Keiba Book (競馬ブック). Shūkan Go (週刊碁) is a weekly newspaper that covers the results of professional Go tournaments and contains hints on Go strategy.

As in other countries, surveys tend to show that the number of newspaper subscribers is declining, a trend which is expected to continue.

Claims of media bias

Claims of media bias in Japanese newspapers and the mainstream media in general are often seen on blogs and right-leaning Internet forums, where the "mass media" (masu-komi in Japanese) are often referred to as "mass garbage" (masu-gomi). Signs with this epithet were carried by demonstrators in Tokyo on 24 October 2010, at what was reportedly the first demonstration in Japan to be organized on Twitter.[5] Among the general public, the credibility of the press suffered after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant crisis, when reporters failed to press government and industry sources for more information, and official reports turned out to be inaccurate or simply wrong.[6][7] Kazuo Hizumi, a journalist turned lawyer, details structural problems in his book, 「マスコミはなぜマスゴミと呼ばれるのか？」, "Masukomi wa naze masugomi to yobareru no ka?", ("Why is mass media called mass garbage?"), which argues that a complex network of institutions, such as elite bureaucrats, judiciary, education system, law enforcement, and large corporations, all of whom stand to gain from maintaining the status quo, shapes the mass media and communication in a way that controls Japanese politics and discourages critical thinking.[8]

Key stations: television and radio

In Japan, there are five broadcasting stations which take the lead in the network of commercial broadcasting. The five stations are Nippon Television, Tokyo Broadcasting System, Fuji Television, TV Asahi, and TV Tokyo. Their head offices are in Tokyo, and they are called zaikyō kī kyoku (在京キー局, Key stations in Tokyo) or kī kyoku (キー局, Key stations).

The key stations make news shows and entertainment programs, and wholesale them to local broadcasting stations through the networks. Although local broadcasting stations also manufacture programs, the usage of the key stations is very large, and 55.7% of the TV program total sales in the 2002 fiscal year (April 2002 to March 2003) were sold by the key stations. Furthermore, the networks are strongly connected with newspaper publishing companies, and they influence the media very strongly. For this reason, they are often criticized.[9]

In addition, there is CS broadcasting and Internet distribution by the subsidiaries of the key stations. The definition of key station has changed a little in recent years.

Outline

In Japan, every broadcasting company (except NHK and Radio Nikkei) which performs terrestrial television broadcasts has an appointed broadcast region. In Article 2 of the Japanese Broadcasting Law (放送法), the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications defines the fixed zone where the broadcast of the same program for every classification of broadcast is simultaneously receivable. So, the broadcasting company constructs a network with other regions, and with this network establishes the exchange of news or programs. The broadcasting companies which send out many programs to these networks are called key stations.

Presently the broadcasting stations located in Tokyo send out the programs for the whole country. However, although Tokyo MX is in the Tokyo region, it is only a Tokyo region UHF independent station.

Broadcasting stations in Nagoya and other areas are older than those in Tokyo. However, in order to meet the large costs of making programs key stations were established in Tokyo to sell programs nationwide. Some local stations have a higher profit ratio since they can merely buy programs from the networks.

Sub-key stations

Since the broadcasting stations which assign the head offices in Kansai region (especially in Osaka) have a program supply frame at prime time etc. and sent out many programs subsequently to kī kyoku, they are called jun kī kyoku (準キー局,sub-key stations).

List of key stations

Media Network Kī kyoku (Kantō) Jun kī kyoku (Kansai) Kikan kyoku (Tōkai) Ref.
Terrestrial television Nippon News Network
(NNN) 		Nippon Television (NTV) Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation (ytv) Chūkyō Television Broadcasting (CTV) [10]
Japan News Network
(JNN) 		Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting (CBC) [11]
Fuji News Network
(FNN) 		Fuji Television (CX) Kansai Telecasting Corporation (KTV) Tōkai Television Broadcasting (THK) [12]
All-Nippon News Network
(ANN) 		TV Asahi (EX) Asahi Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Nagoya Broadcasting Network (Mētere・NBN) [11]
TV Tokyo Network
(TXN) 		TV Tokyo (TX) Television Osaka (TVO) Aichi Television Broadcasting (TVA) [13]
AM Radio Japan Radio Network
(JRN) 		TBS Radio & Communications (TBS R&C) Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS)
Asahi Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 		Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting (CBC) [14]
National Radio Network
(NRN) 		Nippon Cultural Broadcasting (QR)
Nippon Broadcasting System (LF) 		Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS)
Asahi Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
Osaka Broadcasting Corporation (Radio Osaka, OBC) 		Tokai Radio Broadcasting (SF) [14]
FM Radio JFN Tokyo FM fm osaka FM Aichi [15]
JFL J-WAVE FM802 ZIP-FM [16]
MegaNet InterFM FM Cocolo Radio-i [17]

Advertising agencies

  1. Dentsu (電通). The largest advertising agency in Japan, and the fourth-largest worldwide. Dentsu has an enormous presence in television and other media, and has strong ties to the legislative branch of government.[citation needed] It is the informal communication department of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), and has its roots in the South Manchuria Railway Co Ltd Research Department.
  2. Hakuhodo (博報堂). The second-largest Japanese advertising agency. Advertisement agencies under its umbrella include Daiko (大広) and Yomiko Advertising (読売広告社, Yomiuri Kōkokusha). Also known as Showgate, the film production division.
  3. CyberAgent (サイバーエージェント, Saibā Ējento) The third-largest Japanese advertising agency, that is mainly Internet advertising.
  4. Asatsu-DK (アサツー ディ・ケイ). The fourth-largest Japanese advertising agency. a subsidiary of Bain Capital, LP.

Wire services

  1. Jiji Press (時事通信).
  2. Kyodo News (共同通信).
  3. JX PRESS (JX通信).
  4. Radio Press (ラヂオプレス)

See also

References

  1. ^ NHK 新放送ガイドライン, p41
  2. ^ "Social Media Landscape in Japan | Info Cubic Japan". Info Cubic Japan Blog. 2018-01-07. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
  3. ^ "Social Media Stats Japan | StatCounter Global Stats". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
  4. ^ "Social Media in Japan 2018: Current Stage and Upcoming Trends". kitsune.pro. 2018-01-30. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
  5. ^ nico (26 October 2010). . nicoasia.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-11.
  6. ^ Fackler, Martin (May 2021). "Chapter 7: Media Capture: The Japanese Press and Fukushima". In Cleveland, Kyle; Knowles, Scott & Shineha, Ryuma (eds.). Legacies of Fukushima: 3-11 in Context. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 112–126. ISBN 9780812252989.
  7. ^ Kobayashi, Ginko (March 15, 2013). . European Journalism Centre. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24.
  8. ^ "A champion of independent media". Japan Times. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  10. ^ *一般番組供給はNNSがある。
  11. ^ a b *1975年までJNNとANNの準キー局が互いに逆であった(ネットチェンジを参照)。一般番組供給はJNNにはTBSネットワーク、ANNにはテレビ朝日ネットワークがある。
  12. ^ *一般番組供給はFNSがある。
  13. ^ *テレビ大阪およびテレビ愛知は県域局。なお、テレビ大阪がプライムタイムに番組供給枠を有しているのは1番組(「発進!時空タイムス」- 2007年6月18日をもって放送終了)のみ。
  14. ^ a b *キー局が全てを取り仕切る一方通行方式である為、準キー局は厳密には存在しない。
  15. ^ *各局とも県域局。番組制作会社であるジャパンエフエムネットワーク(JFNC)はキー局に近い形態で、地方局に多数の番組を供給している。
  16. ^ *各局とも県域局。なおJFLはキー局を置いていない(事実上の幹事局はJ-WAVE)。また、ネットワークとして密なものでなく、情報交換や一部番組交換にとどまる。
  17. ^ *各局とも放送地域は、各広域圏内の外国語放送実施地域。ネットワークとして密なものでなく、情報交換や一部番組交換にとどまる。

Further reading

  • (in English) Kondo, Motohiro (近藤 大博 Kondō Motohiro) (Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies (大学院総合社会情報研究科)). "." (総合雑誌の誕生とその発展) (." (総合雑誌の誕生とその発展) () Japanese Society for Global Social and Cultural Studies (日本国際情報学会).

External links

  • Unofficial Guide to Japanese mass-media
  • , discussion paper by David McNeill in the electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies, 27 March 2001.
  • Media and Communication in Japan, discussion paper by Barbara Gatzen in the electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies, 17 April 2001.
  • by NHK
  • Japanese TV Shows Online

January 20, 2023
mass, media, japan, japanese, media, redirects, here, popular, entertainment, media, japanese, popular, culture, mass, media, japan, include, numerous, television, radio, networks, well, newspapers, magazines, japan, most, part, television, networks, were, est. Japanese media redirects here For popular entertainment media see Japanese popular culture The mass media in Japan include numerous television and radio networks as well as newspapers and magazines in Japan For the most part television networks were established based on capital investments by existing radio networks Variety shows serial dramas and news constitute a large percentage of Japanese evening shows Western movies are also shown many with a subchannel for English There are all English television channels on cable and satellite with Japanese subtitles Contents 1 TV networks 2 Radio networks 2 1 AM radio 2 2 FM radio 2 3 See also 3 Social media 4 Magazines 4 1 Weekly magazines 4 2 Monthly magazines 4 3 Manga magazines 5 Newspapers 5 1 Major papers 5 2 Regional papers 5 3 Specialty papers 5 4 Claims of media bias 6 Key stations television and radio 6 1 Outline 6 1 1 Sub key stations 6 2 List of key stations 7 Advertising agencies 8 Wire services 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksTV networks EditMain article Television in Japan There are 6 nationwide television networks as follows NHK is a public service broadcaster The company is financed through viewer fees similar to the licence fee system used in the UK to fund the BBC NHK deliberately maintains neutral reporting as a public broadcast station even refusing to mention commodity brand names 1 NHK has 2 terrestrial TV channels unlike the other TV networks in the Tokyo region channel 1 NHK General TV and channel 3 NHK Educational TV Nippon Television Network System NNS Nippon News Network NNN headed by Nippon Television NTV In the Tokyo region channel 4 Affiliated with the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper The Tokyo Broadcasting System holding company owns the Tokyo Broadcasting System TBS station which is broadcast nationally and the Japan News Network JNN which supplies news programming to TBS and other affiliates In the Tokyo region channel 6 Affiliated with how the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper Chubu Nippon Broadcasting Co Ltd a quasi key station in Nagoya is related to the Chunichi Shimbun newspaper Fuji Network System FNS and the Fuji News Network FNN share the flagship station Fuji Television In the Tokyo region channel 8 Part of the Fujisankei Communications Group a keiretsu Tokai TV a quasi key station in Nagoya is related to the Chunichi Shimbun newspaper TV Asahi Network All Nippon News Network ANN headed by TV Asahi Affiliated with the Asahi Shimbun newspaper which owns Nearly 25 of the station In the Tokyo region channel 5 TV Tokyo Network TXN headed by TV Tokyo Owned by Nikkei Inc In the Tokyo region channel 7 In addition there is the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations JAITS which consists of independent stations in the three major metropolitan areas excluding Ibaraki Aichi and Osaka and includes TV stations affiliated with the Chunichi Shimbun newspaper such as Tokyo MX and TV Kanagawa There is Radio networks EditMain article List of radio stations in Japan AM radio Edit NHK Radio 1 NHK Radio 2 Japan Radio Network JRN Flagship Station TBS radio TBSラジオ National Radio Network NRN Flagship Stations Nippon Cultural Broadcasting 文化放送 and Nippon Broadcasting System ニッポン放送 Radio Nikkei is an independent shortwave station broadcasts nationwide with two services FM radio Edit NHK FM Japan FM Network JFN Tokyo FM Broadcasting Co ltd Japan FM League J Wave Inc MegaNet FM Interwave InterFM See also Edit Lists of radio stations in AsiaSocial media EditFacebook Twitter Instagram and Line are the leading used media platforms in the Japanese industry 2 Line is an app used for instant communication on electronic devices Statistics show that Facebook use in Japan is at 47 75 Twitter use is at 19 33 YouTube use is at 13 9 Pinterest use is at 10 69 Instagram use is at 4 93 and Tumblr use is at 2 29 3 In Japan as of 2017 nearly 100 of residents are online smartphone use is reaching 80 and some form of social media is being used by over half of the population 4 Magazines EditWeekly magazines Edit Main article Shukanshi Aera アエラ Centre left Friday フライデー photo magazine Josei Jishin 女性自身 for women Nikkei Business 日経ビジネス economic Shukan Asahi 週刊朝日 Liberal Shukan Economist 週刊エコノミスト Economic Shukan Kinyoubi 週刊金曜日 Far left Shukan Bunshun 週刊文春 Conservative Shukan Diamond 週刊ダイヤモンド Economic Shukan Gendai 週刊現代 Liberal Shukan Josei 週刊女性 For women Shukan Post 週刊ポスト Conservative Shukan Shinchou 週刊新潮 Conservative Shukan Toyo Keizai 週刊東洋経済 Economic Spa スパ Conservative Sunday Mainichi サンデー毎日 LiberalMonthly magazines Edit Bungei Shunjuu 文藝春秋 Conservative Chuuou Kouron 中央公論 Affiliated with the Yomiuri Shimbun Conservative Seiron 正論 Published by the Sankei Shimbun Company Conservative Sekai 世界 Progressive Manga magazines Edit Main article List of manga magazinesNewspapers EditMain article Japanese newspapers See also List of newspapers in Japan Major papers Edit Yomiuri Shimbun 読売新聞 Conservative First ranked in daily circulation at around 7 million per day The Yomiuri exchanged a special contract with The Times Affiliated with Nippon Television Nikkatsu Film is a grandchild company Asahi Shimbun 朝日新聞 Liberal Third way Second ranked in daily circulation at around 5 million copies per day Although Asahi does not support any political party politically Asahi is former symbol of Japanese left leaning discourse They are pacifists and pursue Japanese war crimes So Asahi has suffered defamation and terrorism by Japanese radical nationalists and historical revisionists that group companies include Toei de facto Asahi Broadcasting Company TV Asahi and Asahi Net Mainichi Shimbun 毎日新聞 Centre left Keynesian Fifth ranked in daily circulation around 2 million per day Although the capital tie up with Mainichi Broadcasting System Tokyo Broadcasting System has been dissolved it is still a friendship company that exchanges employees and cooperates with the press In 2020 the circulation was overtaken by the Chunichi Shimbun alone Tōkai version which does not include the Tokyo Shimbun Deep relationship with Kodansha and Shochiku Film Nikkei Shimbun 日本経済新聞 Conservative Economic liberal with more centre right Fourth ranked in daily circulation at around 2 million copies per day Economic paper in the style of The Wall Street Journal Affiliated with TV Tokyo Regional papers Edit There is the Sankei Shimbun 産経新聞 which is a medium sized newspaper published in Kansai and Kanto They were nationwide newspaper until 2020 and considered major paper once This newspaper publishes Sankei Sports and the tabloid Yukan Fuji It belongs to the Fujisankei Communications Group a media conglomerate They are known as radical right newspaper Their opinions and columns always blame Korea and China Chunichi Shimbun Tokyo Shimbun 中日新聞 東京新聞 They are largest regional paper Third ranked in daily circulation at around 2 million copies per day In the Kanto region it will be published under the title of the Tokyo Shimbun 東京新聞 Although it is not a nationwide newspaper it is published in most of the Chubu and Kanto regions and is a leading newspaper based in Nagoya Center left to left wing It is also the most liberal and progressive major news media in Japan Other nationally known regional papers include Nishinippon Shimbun 西日本新聞 in Kyushu Hokkaido Shimbun 北海道新聞 in Hokkaido Chugoku Shimbun 中国新聞 in Chugoku Specialty papers Edit Among niche newspapers are publications like the widely circulated Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun The Business and Technology Daily News the Buddhist organization Sōka Gakkai s daily Seikyo Shimbun 聖教新聞 and Shimbun Akahata the daily organ of the Japanese Communist Party Other niches include papers devoted entirely to predicting the results of horse races One of the best known papers in the genre is Keiba Book 競馬ブック Shukan Go 週刊碁 is a weekly newspaper that covers the results of professional Go tournaments and contains hints on Go strategy As in other countries surveys tend to show that the number of newspaper subscribers is declining a trend which is expected to continue Claims of media bias Edit Claims of media bias in Japanese newspapers and the mainstream media in general are often seen on blogs and right leaning Internet forums where the mass media masu komi in Japanese are often referred to as mass garbage masu gomi Signs with this epithet were carried by demonstrators in Tokyo on 24 October 2010 at what was reportedly the first demonstration in Japan to be organized on Twitter 5 Among the general public the credibility of the press suffered after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant crisis when reporters failed to press government and industry sources for more information and official reports turned out to be inaccurate or simply wrong 6 7 Kazuo Hizumi a journalist turned lawyer details structural problems in his book マスコミはなぜマスゴミと呼ばれるのか Masukomi wa naze masugomi to yobareru no ka Why is mass media called mass garbage which argues that a complex network of institutions such as elite bureaucrats judiciary education system law enforcement and large corporations all of whom stand to gain from maintaining the status quo shapes the mass media and communication in a way that controls Japanese politics and discourages critical thinking 8 Key stations television and radio EditIn Japan there are five broadcasting stations which take the lead in the network of commercial broadcasting The five stations are Nippon Television Tokyo Broadcasting System Fuji Television TV Asahi and TV Tokyo Their head offices are in Tokyo and they are called zaikyō ki kyoku 在京キー局 Key stations in Tokyo or ki kyoku キー局 Key stations The key stations make news shows and entertainment programs and wholesale them to local broadcasting stations through the networks Although local broadcasting stations also manufacture programs the usage of the key stations is very large and 55 7 of the TV program total sales in the 2002 fiscal year April 2002 to March 2003 were sold by the key stations Furthermore the networks are strongly connected with newspaper publishing companies and they influence the media very strongly For this reason they are often criticized 9 In addition there is CS broadcasting and Internet distribution by the subsidiaries of the key stations The definition of key station has changed a little in recent years Outline Edit In Japan every broadcasting company except NHK and Radio Nikkei which performs terrestrial television broadcasts has an appointed broadcast region In Article 2 of the Japanese Broadcasting Law 放送法 the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications defines the fixed zone where the broadcast of the same program for every classification of broadcast is simultaneously receivable So the broadcasting company constructs a network with other regions and with this network establishes the exchange of news or programs The broadcasting companies which send out many programs to these networks are called key stations Presently the broadcasting stations located in Tokyo send out the programs for the whole country However although Tokyo MX is in the Tokyo region it is only a Tokyo region UHF independent station Broadcasting stations in Nagoya and other areas are older than those in Tokyo However in order to meet the large costs of making programs key stations were established in Tokyo to sell programs nationwide Some local stations have a higher profit ratio since they can merely buy programs from the networks Sub key stations Edit Since the broadcasting stations which assign the head offices in Kansai region especially in Osaka have a program supply frame at prime time etc and sent out many programs subsequently to ki kyoku they are called jun ki kyoku 準キー局 sub key stations List of key stations Edit Media Network Ki kyoku Kantō Jun ki kyoku Kansai Kikan kyoku Tōkai Ref Terrestrial television Nippon News Network NNN Nippon Television NTV Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation ytv Chukyō Television Broadcasting CTV 10 Japan News Network JNN Tokyo Broadcasting System TBS Mainichi Broadcasting System MBS Chubu Nippon Broadcasting CBC 11 Fuji News Network FNN Fuji Television CX Kansai Telecasting Corporation KTV Tōkai Television Broadcasting THK 12 All Nippon News Network ANN TV Asahi EX Asahi Broadcasting Corporation ABC Nagoya Broadcasting Network Metere NBN 11 TV Tokyo Network TXN TV Tokyo TX Television Osaka TVO Aichi Television Broadcasting TVA 13 AM Radio Japan Radio Network JRN TBS Radio amp Communications TBS R amp C Mainichi Broadcasting System MBS Asahi Broadcasting Corporation ABC Chubu Nippon Broadcasting CBC 14 National Radio Network NRN Nippon Cultural Broadcasting QR Nippon Broadcasting System LF Mainichi Broadcasting System MBS Asahi Broadcasting Corporation ABC Osaka Broadcasting Corporation Radio Osaka OBC Tokai Radio Broadcasting SF 14 FM Radio JFN Tokyo FM fm osaka FM Aichi 15 JFL J WAVE FM802 ZIP FM 16 MegaNet InterFM FM Cocolo Radio i 17 Advertising agencies EditDentsu 電通 The largest advertising agency in Japan and the fourth largest worldwide Dentsu has an enormous presence in television and other media and has strong ties to the legislative branch of government citation needed It is the informal communication department of the Liberal Democratic Party Japan and has its roots in the South Manchuria Railway Co Ltd Research Department Hakuhodo 博報堂 The second largest Japanese advertising agency Advertisement agencies under its umbrella include Daiko 大広 and Yomiko Advertising 読売広告社 Yomiuri Kōkokusha Also known as Showgate the film production division CyberAgent サイバーエージェント Saiba Ejento The third largest Japanese advertising agency that is mainly Internet advertising Asatsu DK アサツー ディ ケイ The fourth largest Japanese advertising agency a subsidiary of Bain Capital LP Wire services EditJiji Press 時事通信 Kyodo News 共同通信 JX PRESS JX通信 Radio Press ラヂオプレス See also EditAnime Cinema of Japan Manga Media mix Tokusatsu Video games in JapanReferences Edit NHK 新放送ガイドライン p41 Social Media Landscape in Japan Info Cubic Japan Info Cubic Japan Blog 2018 01 07 Retrieved 2018 10 22 Social Media Stats Japan StatCounter Global Stats StatCounter Global Stats Retrieved 2018 10 22 Social Media in Japan 2018 Current Stage and Upcoming Trends kitsune pro 2018 01 30 Retrieved 2018 10 22 nico 26 October 2010 1st Demonstration called for by Internet against Prosecutors amp Mass Media held in Tokyo nicoasia wordpress com Archived from the original on 2014 09 11 Fackler Martin May 2021 Chapter 7 Media Capture The Japanese Press and Fukushima In Cleveland Kyle Knowles Scott amp Shineha Ryuma eds Legacies of Fukushima 3 11 in Context University of Pennsylvania Press pp 112 126 ISBN 9780812252989 Kobayashi Ginko March 15 2013 After Tsunami Japanese Media Swept up in Wave of Distrust European Journalism Centre Archived from the original on 2013 04 24 A champion of independent media Japan Times Retrieved 2014 09 12 第7回 ネット進出より おいしい キー局と地方局の関係 ネット狂騒時代 テレビ局の憂鬱 NBonline 日経ビジネス オンライン Archived from the original on 2011 07 19 Retrieved 2011 01 19 一般番組供給はNNSがある a b 1975年までJNNとANNの準キー局が互いに逆であった ネットチェンジを参照 一般番組供給はJNNにはTBSネットワーク ANNにはテレビ朝日ネットワークがある 一般番組供給はFNSがある テレビ大阪およびテレビ愛知は県域局 なお テレビ大阪がプライムタイムに番組供給枠を有しているのは1番組 発進 時空タイムス 2007年6月18日をもって放送終了 のみ a b キー局が全てを取り仕切る一方通行方式である為 準キー局は厳密には存在しない 各局とも県域局 番組制作会社であるジャパンエフエムネットワーク JFNC はキー局に近い形態で 地方局に多数の番組を供給している 各局とも県域局 なおJFLはキー局を置いていない 事実上の幹事局はJ WAVE また ネットワークとして密なものでなく 情報交換や一部番組交換にとどまる 各局とも放送地域は 各広域圏内の外国語放送実施地域 ネットワークとして密なものでなく 情報交換や一部番組交換にとどまる Further reading Edit in English Kondo Motohiro 近藤 大博 Kondō Motohiro Nihon University Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies 大学院総合社会情報研究科 The Development of Monthly Magazines in Japan 総合雑誌の誕生とその発展 総合雑誌の誕生とその発展 Japanese Society for Global Social and Cultural Studies 日本国際情報学会 External links EditUnofficial Guide to Japanese mass media Media Intimidation in Japan discussion paper by David McNeill in the electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies 27 March 2001 Media and Communication in Japan discussion paper by Barbara Gatzen in the electronic journal of contemporary Japanese studies 17 April 2001 Brief history of TV Technology in Japan by NHK Japanese TV Shows Online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mass media in Japan amp oldid 1126099002, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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