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Martin Karplus

August 29, 2023

Martin Karplus (German: [ˈmaʁˌtin ˈkaʁplus]; born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian and American theoretical chemist. He is the Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France. He is also the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Martin Karplus
Nobel Prize Laureate Martin Karplus during press conference in Stockholm, December 2013
Born (1930-03-15) March 15, 1930 (age 93)
Vienna, Austria[2]
CitizenshipAmerican, Austrian[2]
Education
Awards

Award in Theoretical Chemistry (1993)[1]

Scientific career
Institutions
ThesisA quantum-mechanical discussion of the bifluoride ion (1954)
Doctoral advisorLinus Pauling[2]
Websiteisis.unistra.fr/biophysical-chemistry-laboratory-martin-karplus/

Early life Edit

Martin Karplus was born in Vienna, Austria.[8] He was a child when his family fled from the Nazi-occupation in Austria a few days after the Anschluss in March 1938, spending several months in Zürich, Switzerland and La Baule, France before immigrating to the United States.[9] Prior to their immigration to the United States, the family was known for being "an intellectual and successful secular Jewish family" in Vienna.[10] His grandfather, Johann Paul Karplus (1866-1936) was a highly acclaimed professor of psychiatry at the University of Vienna.[11] His great-aunt, Eugenie Goldstern, was an ethnologist who was killed during the Holocaust.[12] He is the nephew, by marriage, of the sociologist, philosopher and musicologist Theodor W. Adorno and grandnephew of the physicist Robert von Lieben. His brother, Robert Karplus, was an internationally recognized physicist and educator at University of California, Berkeley. Continuing with the academic family theme, his nephew, Andrew Karplus, is a highly respected biochemistry and biophysics professor at Oregon State University.[13]

Education Edit

After earning an AB degree from Harvard College in 1951,[14] Karplus pursued graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology. He completed his PhD in 1953[15] under Nobel laureate Linus Pauling.[16] According to Pauling, Karplus "was [his] most brilliant student."[17] He was an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford (1953–55)[15] where he worked with Charles Coulson.[14]

Teaching career Edit

Karplus taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (1955–60) and then Columbia University (1960–65) before moving to chemistry faculty at Harvard in 1966.[8][15]

He was a professor at the Louis Pasteur University in 1996 where he established a research group in Strasbourg, France, after two sabbatical visits between 1992 and 1995 in the NMR laboratory of Jean-François Lefèvre. He has supervised more than 200 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers over his career since 1955.[18]

Research Edit

He published his first academic paper when he was 17 years old.[14] Karplus has contributed to many fields in physical chemistry, including chemical dynamics, quantum chemistry, and most notably, molecular dynamics simulations of biological macromolecules. He has also been influential in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, particularly to the understanding of nuclear spin-spin coupling and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The Karplus equation describing the correlation between coupling constants and dihedral angles in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is named after him.

From 1969-1970, Karplus visited the Structural Studies Division at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.[19]

In 1970 postdoctoral fellow Arieh Warshel joined Karplus at Harvard. Together they wrote a computer program that modeled the atomic nuclei and some electrons of a molecule using classical physics and modeling other electrons using quantum mechanics. In 1974 Karplus, Washel and other collaborators published a paper based on this type of modeling which successfully modeled the change in shape of retinal, a large complex protein molecule important to vision.[15]

His current research is concerned primarily with the properties of molecules of biological interest. His group originated and coordinated the development of the CHARMM program for molecular dynamics simulations.

Books Edit

  • Martin Karplus. Spinach on the Ceiling: The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist, World Scientific Publishing, UK 2020.
  • CL Brooks III, M Karplus, BM Pettitt. Proteins: A Theoretical Perspective of Dynamics, Structure and Thermodynamics, Volume LXXI, in: Advances in Chemical Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1988.
  • Martin Karplus and Richard N. Porter. Atoms and Molecules: An Introduction for Students of Physical Chemistry. W. A. Benjamin, New York 1970.

Notable students and postdocs Edit

Awards and honours Edit

Karplus was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1967.[20] He was awarded the Irving Langmuir Award in 1987.[21] He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. He became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991[22] and was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2000. He is a recipient of the Christian B. Anfinsen Award, given in 2001. He was awarded the Linus Pauling Award in 2004 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2013.[2]

Personal life Edit

Karplus is married to Marci[14] and has three children.[8]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Jain, Chelsi. "Awards List extended using a reliable source".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 9, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  3. ^ Chang, Kenneth (October 9, 2013). "3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry". New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  4. ^ Fersht, A. R. (2013). "Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (49): 19656–7. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019656F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1320569110. PMC 3856823. PMID 24277833.
  5. ^ Hodak, Hélène (2014). "The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems: A tribute to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel". Journal of Molecular Biology. 426 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.037. PMID 24184197.
  6. ^ Van Noorden, R. (2013). "Computer modellers secure chemistry Nobels". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13903. S2CID 211729791.
  7. ^ Van Noorden, Richard (2013). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters". Nature. 502 (7471): 280. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..280V. doi:10.1038/502280a. PMID 24132265.
  8. ^ a b c "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  9. ^ Karplus, M (2006). "Spinach on the ceiling: a theoretical chemist's return to biology". Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure. 35: 1–47. doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.33.110502.133350. PMID 16689626.
  10. ^ Fuller, Robert (2002). A Love of Discovery: Science Education - The Second Career of Robert Karplus. New York: Kluwer Academic. p. 293. ISBN 0-306-46687-2.
  11. ^ Gaugusch, Georg (2011). Wer einmal war: Das jüdische Großbürgertum Wiens 1800-1938 A-K. Wien: Amalthea Signum. pp. 1358–1367. ISBN 978-3850027502.
  12. ^ Ireland, Corydon (June 3, 2015). "Karplus on film". The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  13. ^ Splichalova, Dacotah-Victoria. "Diamond in the rough: Karplus wins lifetime achievement award". Orange Media Network. Retrieved 2020-04-24.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ a b c d "Harvard's Martin Karplus looks back on path to Nobel Prize". Harvard Gazette. 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  15. ^ a b c d "Martin Karplus | American-Austrian chemist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  16. ^ Karplus, Martin (1954). (PhD thesis). California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
  17. ^ "Harvard professor wins Nobel in chemistry". October 9, 2013.
  18. ^ "Martin Karplus – www.americanbiophysicists.com". Retrieved 2021-01-18.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ pmabbs (2013-10-09). "LMB Alumni awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 2013". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
  20. ^ "Martin Karplus". www.nasonline.org.
  21. ^ "Irving Langmuir Award in Chemical Physics". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  22. ^ . Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

External links Edit

 
Scholia has a profile for Martin Karplus (Q903471).
  • Martin Karplus on Nobelprize.org   including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2013 Development of Multiscale Models for Complex Chemical Systems From H+H2 to Biomolecules
  • Publications
  • Karplus research group at Harvard University
  • Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory at University of Strasbourg 2014-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
  • Martin Karplus photography website
  • Martin Karplus's autobiography Spinach on the Ceiling: The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist
  • Meet the Author: Martin Karplus, book launch of Spinach on the Ceiling: The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist

August 29, 2023
martin, karplus, german, ˈmaʁˌtin, ˈkaʁplus, born, march, 1930, austrian, american, theoretical, chemist, director, biophysical, chemistry, laboratory, joint, laboratory, between, french, national, center, scientific, research, university, strasbourg, france, . Martin Karplus German ˈmaʁˌtin ˈkaʁplus born March 15 1930 is an Austrian and American theoretical chemist He is the Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg France He is also the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry emeritus at Harvard University Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martin KarplusNobel Prize Laureate Martin Karplus during press conference in Stockholm December 2013Born 1930 03 15 March 15 1930 age 93 Vienna Austria 2 CitizenshipAmerican Austrian 2 EducationHarvard University AB California Institute of Technology PhD AwardsIrving Langmuir Award 1987 Award in Theoretical Chemistry 1993 1 ForMemRS 2000 Linus Pauling Award 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 2 Scientific careerInstitutionsUniversite de Strasbourg 2 Harvard University Columbia University University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignThesisA quantum mechanical discussion of the bifluoride ion 1954 Doctoral advisorLinus Pauling 2 Websiteisis wbr unistra wbr fr wbr biophysical chemistry laboratory martin karplus wbr Contents 1 Early life 2 Education 3 Teaching career 4 Research 4 1 Books 4 2 Notable students and postdocs 5 Awards and honours 6 Personal life 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksEarly life EditMartin Karplus was born in Vienna Austria 8 He was a child when his family fled from the Nazi occupation in Austria a few days after the Anschluss in March 1938 spending several months in Zurich Switzerland and La Baule France before immigrating to the United States 9 Prior to their immigration to the United States the family was known for being an intellectual and successful secular Jewish family in Vienna 10 His grandfather Johann Paul Karplus 1866 1936 was a highly acclaimed professor of psychiatry at the University of Vienna 11 His great aunt Eugenie Goldstern was an ethnologist who was killed during the Holocaust 12 He is the nephew by marriage of the sociologist philosopher and musicologist Theodor W Adorno and grandnephew of the physicist Robert von Lieben His brother Robert Karplus was an internationally recognized physicist and educator at University of California Berkeley Continuing with the academic family theme his nephew Andrew Karplus is a highly respected biochemistry and biophysics professor at Oregon State University 13 Education EditAfter earning an AB degree from Harvard College in 1951 14 Karplus pursued graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology He completed his PhD in 1953 15 under Nobel laureate Linus Pauling 16 According to Pauling Karplus was his most brilliant student 17 He was an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford 1953 55 15 where he worked with Charles Coulson 14 Teaching career EditKarplus taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 1955 60 and then Columbia University 1960 65 before moving to chemistry faculty at Harvard in 1966 8 15 He was a professor at the Louis Pasteur University in 1996 where he established a research group in Strasbourg France after two sabbatical visits between 1992 and 1995 in the NMR laboratory of Jean Francois Lefevre He has supervised more than 200 graduate students and postdoctoral researchers over his career since 1955 18 Research EditHe published his first academic paper when he was 17 years old 14 Karplus has contributed to many fields in physical chemistry including chemical dynamics quantum chemistry and most notably molecular dynamics simulations of biological macromolecules He has also been influential in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy particularly to the understanding of nuclear spin spin coupling and electron spin resonance spectroscopy The Karplus equation describing the correlation between coupling constants and dihedral angles in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is named after him From 1969 1970 Karplus visited the Structural Studies Division at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology 19 In 1970 postdoctoral fellow Arieh Warshel joined Karplus at Harvard Together they wrote a computer program that modeled the atomic nuclei and some electrons of a molecule using classical physics and modeling other electrons using quantum mechanics In 1974 Karplus Washel and other collaborators published a paper based on this type of modeling which successfully modeled the change in shape of retinal a large complex protein molecule important to vision 15 His current research is concerned primarily with the properties of molecules of biological interest His group originated and coordinated the development of the CHARMM program for molecular dynamics simulations Books Edit Martin Karplus Spinach on the Ceiling The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist World Scientific Publishing UK 2020 CL Brooks III M Karplus BM Pettitt Proteins A Theoretical Perspective of Dynamics Structure and Thermodynamics Volume LXXI in Advances in Chemical Physics John Wiley amp Sons New York 1988 Martin Karplus and Richard N Porter Atoms and Molecules An Introduction for Students of Physical Chemistry W A Benjamin New York 1970 Notable students and postdocs Edit Charles L Brooks III University of Michigan Ann Arbor Axel T Brunger Stanford University J Andrew McCammon UCSD w Karplus and Gelin published the first MD simulation of BPTI see above publication P T Narasimhan University of Illinois Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate B Montgomery Pettitt University of Texas Medical Branch Baylor College of Medicine The Gulf Coast Consortia GCC Benoit Roux University of Chicago Andrej Sali University of California San Francisco Klaus Schulten University of Illinois Jeremy C Smith Oak Ridge National Laboratory David J States The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Arieh Warshel University of Southern California co recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Karplus and Michael Levitt Stanford Awards and honours EditKarplus was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1967 20 He was awarded the Irving Langmuir Award in 1987 21 He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science He became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991 22 and was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ForMemRS in 2000 He is a recipient of the Christian B Anfinsen Award given in 2001 He was awarded the Linus Pauling Award in 2004 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2013 2 Personal life EditKarplus is married to Marci 14 and has three children 8 See also EditList of Jewish Nobel laureatesReferences Edit Jain Chelsi Awards List extended using a reliable source a b c d e f g The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 Press release Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences October 9 2013 Retrieved October 9 2013 Chang Kenneth October 9 2013 3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry New York Times Retrieved October 9 2013 Fersht A R 2013 Profile of Martin Karplus Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 49 19656 7 Bibcode 2013PNAS 11019656F doi 10 1073 pnas 1320569110 PMC 3856823 PMID 24277833 Hodak Helene 2014 The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems A tribute to Martin Karplus Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel Journal of Molecular Biology 426 1 1 3 doi 10 1016 j jmb 2013 10 037 PMID 24184197 Van Noorden R 2013 Computer modellers secure chemistry Nobels Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2013 13903 S2CID 211729791 Van Noorden Richard 2013 Modellers react to chemistry award Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters Nature 502 7471 280 Bibcode 2013Natur 502 280V doi 10 1038 502280a PMID 24132265 a b c The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 NobelPrize org Retrieved 2021 01 18 Karplus M 2006 Spinach on the ceiling a theoretical chemist s return to biology Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 35 1 47 doi 10 1146 annurev biophys 33 110502 133350 PMID 16689626 Fuller Robert 2002 A Love of Discovery Science Education The Second Career of Robert Karplus New York Kluwer Academic p 293 ISBN 0 306 46687 2 Gaugusch Georg 2011 Wer einmal war Das judische Grossburgertum Wiens 1800 1938 A K Wien Amalthea Signum pp 1358 1367 ISBN 978 3850027502 Ireland Corydon June 3 2015 Karplus on film The Harvard Gazette Retrieved 26 March 2019 Splichalova Dacotah Victoria Diamond in the rough Karplus wins lifetime achievement award Orange Media Network Retrieved 2020 04 24 permanent dead link a b c d Harvard s Martin Karplus looks back on path to Nobel Prize Harvard Gazette 2017 04 21 Retrieved 2021 01 18 a b c d Martin Karplus American Austrian chemist Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2021 01 18 Karplus Martin 1954 A quantum mechanical discussion of the bifluoride ion PhD thesis California Institute of Technology Archived from the original on 2015 05 18 Retrieved 2015 05 08 Harvard professor wins Nobel in chemistry October 9 2013 Martin Karplus www americanbiophysicists com Retrieved 2021 01 18 permanent dead link pmabbs 2013 10 09 LMB Alumni awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2013 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Retrieved 2023 07 14 Martin Karplus www nasonline org Irving Langmuir Award in Chemical Physics American Chemical Society Retrieved 2021 08 19 M Karplus Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 19 July 2015 External links Edit Scholia has a profile for Martin Karplus Q903471 Martin Karplus on Nobelprize org including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2013 Development of Multiscale Models for Complex Chemical Systems From H H2 to Biomolecules Publications Karplus research group at Harvard University Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory at University of Strasbourg Archived 2014 10 18 at the Wayback Machine Biography at Michigan State University website Martin Karplus photography website Martin Karplus s autobiography Spinach on the Ceiling The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist Meet the Author Martin Karplus book launch of Spinach on the Ceiling The Multifaceted Life of a Theoretical Chemist Portals Chemistry Biography Austria United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Martin Karplus amp oldid 1170991523, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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