Results of DNA research indicate that the genus Martes is paraphyletic, with some studies placing Martes americana outside the genus and allying it with Eira and Gulo, to form a new New Worldclade.[2][3] The genus first evolved up to seven million years ago during the Miocene epoch.
Spain and Portugal in the west, through Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, extending as far east as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains and northwest China
agile, short-legged, bushy-tailed, medium-sized carnivorous mammal in the weasel family, largely nocturnal and found in forests across the colder parts of the northern hemisphere, c. 1300, martrin, "skin or fur of the marten," from Old French martrine "marten fur," noun use of fem. adjective martrin "of or pertaining to the marten," from martre "marten," from Frankish *martar or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *marthuz (source also of Old Saxon marthrin "of or pertaining to the marten," Old Frisian merth, Middle Dutch maerter, Dutch marter, Old High German mardar, German Marder, Old English mearþ, Old Norse mörðr "marten").
The ultimate etymology is unknown. Some suggest it is from PIE *martu- "bride," on some fancied resemblance. Or it might be a substrate word or a Germanic euphemism for the real name of the animal, which might have been taboo. In Middle English the animal itself typically was called marter, directly from Old French martre, but martrin took over this sense in English after c. 1400. The form marten is from late 16c., perhaps due to association with the masc. proper name Martin.[7]
Martens are solitary animals, meeting only to breed in late spring or early summer. Litters of up to five blind and nearly hairless kits are born in early spring. They are weaned after around two months, and leave the mother to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age. They are omnivorous.[8]
Spatial niche segregation
It can be seen that there is a spatial niche segregation between certain species of marten such as the stone marten and the pine marten, however, we cannot credit this segregation to competition between the two species. It is more so due to the disparities in the two species' food preferences, avoidance of heavy predator pressure, and adaptability to cold climates that the spatial niche segregation occurs.[9]
Cultural references
Canada
The marten is populous in the northern Ontario community of Big Trout Lake. During the fur trade, commissioned by the Hudson Bay Company in the 18th and 19th centuries, the marten pelt was typically fashioned into mittens. The marten is still traded locally. The locals place a high value on this pelt, typically trading it for consumable goods.[citation needed]
Croatia
In the Middle Ages, marten pelts were highly valued goods used as a form of payment in Slavonia, the Croatian Littoral, and Dalmatia. The marturina was a form of tax named after this. The banovac, a coin struck and used between 1235 and 1384, included the image of a marten. This is one of the reasons why the Croatian word for marten, kuna, was the name of the former Croatian currency.[10] A marten is depicted on the obverse of the 1-, 2-, and 5-kuna coins, minted since 1993, and on the reverse of the 25-kuna commemorative coins.[11] With adoption of euro as the national currency in 2023, a marten continues to be depicted on the obverse of the Croatian1 euro coin.[12]
A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on the modern design of the coat of arms of Croatia. The official seal of the Croatian Sabor (parliament) from 1497 until the late 18th century had a similar design.[13][14]
Finland
The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name, via the river Nokianvirta, from a type of marten locally known as the nokia.[15]
Greece
In the Illiad, the fleet-footed spy Dolon wore a marten-pelt cap.
Italy
The Latin word for helmet, galea, originally meant "marten pelt," although it is unclear whether early Romans wore these helmets for symbolical reasons or for their fine fur.[16]
References
^Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^Flynn JJ, Finarelli JA, Zehr S, Hsu J, Nedbal MA (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora (mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships". Syst. Biol. 54 (2): 317–37. doi:10.1080/10635150590923326. JSTOR 20061233. PMID 16012099.
^Koepfli KP; et al. (Feb 2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology. 6 (10): 10. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC2276185. PMID 18275614.
^Samuels, J.X.; Cavin, J. (May 2012). "The earliest known fisher (Mustelidae), a new species from the Rattlesnake Formation of Oregon". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 448–454. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722155. S2CID 42079934.
^Marciszak, A.; Ambros, D.; Hilpert, B. (October 2021). "Mustelids from Sackdilling Cave (Bavaria, Germany) and their biostratigraphic significance". Geobios. 68: 83–107. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.04.004. S2CID 236282824.
^Youngman, Phillip M.; Schueler, Frederick W. (1991). "Martes nobilis Is a Synonym of Martes americana, Not an Extinct Pleistocene-Holocene Species". Journal of Mammalogy. 72 (3): 567–577. doi:10.2307/1382140. JSTOR 1382140.
^Wereszczuk, Anna; Zalewski, Andrzej (2015). "Spatial Niche Segregation of Sympatric Stone Marten and Pine Marten – Avoidance of Competition or Selection of Optimal Habitat?". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139852. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039852W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139852. PMC4596623. PMID 26444280.
^Croatian National Bank. First Money — History of the Croatian Currency 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine: Kuna and lipa — the Croatian Currency. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
^Croatian National Bank. Kuna and Lipa, Coins of Croatia 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine: 1 Kuna Coin 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, 2 Kuna Coin 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, 5 Kuna Coin 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, & Commemorative 25 Kuna Coins in Circulation 2018-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
^"Euro coins with the national side of the Republic of Croatia". Croatian National Bank. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^Mario Jareb (2010). Hrvatski nacionalni simboli (Eng.: Croatian National Symbols). ISBN9789532972306.
^Ivan Bojničić-Kninski – Grbovnica kraljevine "Slavonije", (1895) – PDF (in Croatian).
^Speidel, Michael P. (2008). Ancient Germanic warriors : warrior styles from Trajan's Column to Icelandic sagas. Routledge. ISBN9780415486828. OCLC 632066572.
External links
Data related to Martes at Wikispecies
Media related to Martes at Wikimedia Commons
June 19, 2023
marten, bird, martin, bird, other, uses, disambiguation, several, terms, redirect, here, other, uses, disambiguation, martes, disambiguation, marten, weasel, like, mammal, genus, martes, within, subfamily, guloninae, family, mustelidae, they, have, bushy, tail. For the bird see Martin bird For other uses see Marten disambiguation Several terms redirect here For other uses see Martens disambiguation and Martes disambiguation A marten is a weasel like mammal in the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae in the family Mustelidae They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown depending on the species it is valued by animal trappers for the fur trade Martens are slender agile animals adapted to living in the taiga which inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere MartenTemporal range Miocene recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NEuropean pine marten Martes martes Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder CarnivoraFamily MustelidaeSubfamily GuloninaeGenus MartesPinel 1792Type speciesMartes domestica 1 Pinel 1792 Mustela foina Erxleben 1777 SpeciesSee textMarten ranges M americana caurina cyan amp teal M flavigula dark blue amp sepia M foina rust brown amp sepia M gwatkinsii M martes orange rust amp grass green M melampus yellow M zibellina green amp grass green Contents 1 Classification 2 Fossils 3 Etymology 4 Ecology and behaviour 5 Spatial niche segregation 6 Cultural references 6 1 Canada 6 2 Croatia 6 3 Finland 6 4 Greece 6 5 Italy 7 References 8 External linksClassification EditResults of DNA research indicate that the genus Martes is paraphyletic with some studies placing Martes americana outside the genus and allying it with Eira and Gulo to form a new New World clade 2 3 The genus first evolved up to seven million years ago during the Miocene epoch Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution Martes americana American marten Arctic Alaska east to Newfoundland south to New York Martes caurina Pacific marten Southeast Alaska to central California east to northern New Mexico Martes martes European pine marten Europe and SW Asia from Ireland in the west eastward to the Urals and into Anatolia Transcaucasia Mesopotamia and northern Iran Martes foina Beech marten Spain and Portugal in the west through Central and Southern Europe the Middle East and Central Asia extending as far east as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains and northwest China Martes flavigula Yellow throated marten Afghanistan and Pakistan in the Himalayas of India Nepal and Bhutan the Korean Peninsula southern China Taiwan and eastern Russia Martes gwatkinsii Nilgiri marten Southern India Martes zibellina Sable Russia Eastern Kazakhstan China North Korea and Hokkaidō Japan Martes melampus Japanese marten JapanFossils EditSeveral fossil martens have been described including Martes campestris Pliocene Martes wenzensis Pliocene 4 Martes vetus Pleistocene 5 Another described fossil species Martes nobilis from the Holocene is now considered synonymous with the American marten 6 Etymology EditThe Modern English marten comes from the Middle English Mearth or martryn in turn borrowed from the Anglo French martrine and Old French martre Latin martes itself from a Germanic source cf Old English mearth Old Norse mordr and Old High German and Yiddish מא רדא ר mardar marten n agile short legged bushy tailed medium sized carnivorous mammal in the weasel family largely nocturnal and found in forests across the colder parts of the northern hemisphere c 1300 martrin skin or fur of the marten from Old French martrine marten fur noun use of fem adjective martrin of or pertaining to the marten from martre marten from Frankish martar or some other Germanic source from Proto Germanic marthuz source also of Old Saxon marthrin of or pertaining to the marten Old Frisian merth Middle Dutch maerter Dutch marter Old High German mardar German Marder Old English mearth Old Norse mordr marten The ultimate etymology is unknown Some suggest it is from PIE martu bride on some fancied resemblance Or it might be a substrate word or a Germanic euphemism for the real name of the animal which might have been taboo In Middle English the animal itself typically was called marter directly from Old French martre but martrin took over this sense in English after c 1400 The form marten is from late 16c perhaps due to association with the masc proper name Martin 7 Ecology and behaviour EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Martens are solitary animals meeting only to breed in late spring or early summer Litters of up to five blind and nearly hairless kits are born in early spring They are weaned after around two months and leave the mother to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age They are omnivorous 8 Spatial niche segregation EditIt can be seen that there is a spatial niche segregation between certain species of marten such as the stone marten and the pine marten however we cannot credit this segregation to competition between the two species It is more so due to the disparities in the two species food preferences avoidance of heavy predator pressure and adaptability to cold climates that the spatial niche segregation occurs 9 Cultural references EditCanada Edit The marten is populous in the northern Ontario community of Big Trout Lake During the fur trade commissioned by the Hudson Bay Company in the 18th and 19th centuries the marten pelt was typically fashioned into mittens The marten is still traded locally The locals place a high value on this pelt typically trading it for consumable goods citation needed Croatia Edit In the Middle Ages marten pelts were highly valued goods used as a form of payment in Slavonia the Croatian Littoral and Dalmatia The marturina was a form of tax named after this The banovac a coin struck and used between 1235 and 1384 included the image of a marten This is one of the reasons why the Croatian word for marten kuna was the name of the former Croatian currency 10 A marten is depicted on the obverse of the 1 2 and 5 kuna coins minted since 1993 and on the reverse of the 25 kuna commemorative coins 11 With adoption of euro as the national currency in 2023 a marten continues to be depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 1 euro coin 12 A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on the modern design of the coat of arms of Croatia The official seal of the Croatian Sabor parliament from 1497 until the late 18th century had a similar design 13 14 Finland Edit The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name via the river Nokianvirta from a type of marten locally known as the nokia 15 Greece Edit In the Illiad the fleet footed spy Dolon wore a marten pelt cap Italy Edit The Latin word for helmet galea originally meant marten pelt although it is unclear whether early Romans wore these helmets for symbolical reasons or for their fine fur 16 References Edit Wilson D E Reeder D M eds 2005 Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 Flynn JJ Finarelli JA Zehr S Hsu J Nedbal MA 2005 Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora mammalia assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships Syst Biol 54 2 317 37 doi 10 1080 10635150590923326 JSTOR 20061233 PMID 16012099 Koepfli KP et al Feb 2008 Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae resolving relationships tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation BMC Biology 6 10 10 doi 10 1186 1741 7007 6 10 PMC 2276185 PMID 18275614 Samuels J X Cavin J May 2012 The earliest known fisher Mustelidae a new species from the Rattlesnake Formation of Oregon Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 2 448 454 doi 10 1080 02724634 2013 722155 S2CID 42079934 Marciszak A Ambros D Hilpert B October 2021 Mustelids from Sackdilling Cave Bavaria Germany and their biostratigraphic significance Geobios 68 83 107 doi 10 1016 j geobios 2021 04 004 S2CID 236282824 Youngman Phillip M Schueler Frederick W 1991 Martes nobilis Is a Synonym of Martes americana Not an Extinct Pleistocene Holocene Species Journal of Mammalogy 72 3 567 577 doi 10 2307 1382140 JSTOR 1382140 Marten Search Online Etymology Dictionary marten Size amp Facts Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2022 09 14 Wereszczuk Anna Zalewski Andrzej 2015 Spatial Niche Segregation of Sympatric Stone Marten and Pine Marten Avoidance of Competition or Selection of Optimal Habitat PLOS ONE 10 10 e0139852 Bibcode 2015PLoSO 1039852W doi 10 1371 journal pone 0139852 PMC 4596623 PMID 26444280 Croatian National Bank First Money History of the Croatian Currency Archived 2011 06 22 at the Wayback Machine Kuna and lipa the Croatian Currency Retrieved on 31 March 2009 Croatian National Bank Kuna and Lipa Coins of Croatia Archived 2009 06 22 at the Wayback Machine 1 Kuna Coin Archived 2009 06 22 at the Wayback Machine 2 Kuna Coin Archived 2011 06 04 at the Wayback Machine 5 Kuna Coin Archived 2011 06 04 at the Wayback Machine amp Commemorative 25 Kuna Coins in Circulation Archived 2018 02 01 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 31 March 2009 Euro coins with the national side of the Republic of Croatia Croatian National Bank 1 January 2023 Retrieved 2 January 2023 Mario Jareb 2010 Hrvatski nacionalni simboli Eng Croatian National Symbols ISBN 9789532972306 Ivan Bojnicic Kninski Grbovnica kraljevine Slavonije 1895 PDF in Croatian Story of Nokia retrieved on the 17 July 2013 Speidel Michael P 2008 Ancient Germanic warriors warrior styles from Trajan s Column to Icelandic sagas Routledge ISBN 9780415486828 OCLC 632066572 External links Edit Data related to Martes at Wikispecies Media related to Martes at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marten amp oldid 1153120827, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
