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Pranami Sampradaya

January 01, 1970

The Pranami Sampradaya, also known as Pranami (lit. 'Those who bow down') or Pranami Panth is a Hindu sect that worships Krishna as the Supreme God. It is based on the teachings of Mahamati Prannath and Devchandra and their holy book, the Tartam Sagar.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Pranami Sampradaya
Founder
Devchandra
Regions with significant populations
India, Nepal
Religions
Hinduism
Scriptures
Tartam Sagar
Languages
Gujarati, Hindi, Nepali

History edit

The Praṇāmī sect belong to the Sant heritage like that of the Kabīrpanthi, Dādūpanthis, and Sikhs.[7]

The Praṇāmī sampradaya emerged in the 17th century in Western India, based on the teachings of Bhakti saints, Devcandra Mehtā and his foremost disciple Mehrāj Ṭhākur aka Prāṇanāth. Devcandra (1581–1655) was born into a wealthy Kāyastha family in Umarkot, Sindh and was initiated into the Rādhāvallabhā sect. According to sectarian tradition, Kr̥ṣṇa visited Devcandra and gave him the tārtam mantra, which gives access to the Iīlās of Kr̥ṣṇa. His disciple Mehrāj Ṭhākur aka Prāṇanāth was born into a Ṭhākur family in Jamnagar, Saurashtra. Prāṇanāth worked as a government official in Saurashtra, and travelled through Arabia, Persia, and Iraq studying the Quʾrān, Bible, and other Islamic-Christian texts. In India he founded the Mahāmaṅgalapurī Temple in Surat. In the 1677 Kumbhamelā in Haridvār, he won a religious debate in which he defeated Vaiṣṇava and Śaiva followers, and was awarded the title of mahāmati. In Jamnagar he was arrested several times for allegedly embezzeling public funds.[7]

The traditions grew after Mughal Empire declined, in the wake of Aurangzeb's religious persecution of non-Muslims, when Hindu rebellion led to new kingdoms. King Chatrasāl of Bundelkhand patronized Prāṇanāth, and he lived in its capital Panna for the rest of his life untili his death in 1694. The Pranami tradition welcomed all castes and religions to join the Supreme Truth Shri Krishna worship tradition. At conversion initiation, Prannathji would invite the new members to dine together regardless of whether they came from any Sanatan background. He would also explain the Pranami ideas by citing Hindu and Islamic texts to make his teachings connect with the background of the converts.[8][7]

The Pranami Sampradaya is also known as the Nijananda Sampradaya, literally, 'nij' meaning, oneself or own and 'ananda' meaning bliss or joy. [9] The Pranami sampradaya's teachings tries to bridge the gap between the Eastern religions and Western religions together stating that both the Eastern and Western religions talk about the same one almighty god.[10]

The Praṇāmī sect is heavily influenced by Islam, having developed in an era of Islamic rule. Prāṇanāth claimed that Hinduism and Islam both contained the same esoteric truths, and that the Quʾrān and Vedas both revealed the same truth. According to sectarian tradition, Prāṇanāth is both the last avatār of Viṣṇu and the Mahdī and Chatrasāl is compared to ʾAlī. During his lifetime Prāṇanāth was considered to be both a Hindu sant and a Musim faqīr.[7]

The Praṇāmī corpus, like in other Bhakti movement saint traditions, an eclectic mix of vernacular languages found in central, west and north India: Hindi, Gujarati, Sindhi and Sanskrit.[11][12][7]

Until the early 20th century, Praṇāmīs were accused of being crypto-Muslims. They were and are treated suspiciously by others and were considered to be outcastes. In recent decades the sect has gone through HInduization/Vaishnavization with older Islamic elements being discarded.[7]

Among other notables – Mahatma Gandhi's mother, Putlibai, belonged to Pranami sect.[13][14] Gandhi in his book My Experiments With Truth mentions about this sect - "Pranami is a sect deriving the best of Gita and Quran, in search of one goal – Shri Krishna."[15]

 
 
Krishna Pranami Mandir, in Madhya Pradesh and Buddhashanti, Nepal.

Tartam Sagar edit

The Tartam Sagar, also referred to as the Kuljam Swaroop,[16] is the holy book of the Pranami tradition. It is a compilation of 14 books; Raas, Prakash, Shatritu, Kalash, Sanandh, Kirantan, Khulasa, Khilwat, Parikrama, Sagar, Singaar, Sindhi Bani, Marfat Sagar, and Kayamatnama (chhota and bada),[17] consisting of 18,758 verses. The text was published in 1965 for the first time. It is regarded to contain the revelation of the Vedic scriptures, as well as the description of the supreme abode of Krishna, called paraṃadhāma or Goloka Vrindavan. The text is regarded to be divine, and is therefore accorded equivalent worship as Krishna.

Rites and rituals edit

The tradition is strictly vegetarian (ahimsa, non-violence to animals), non-caste tradition dedicated to Supreme Lord whom they also call as "Rajji".[18][19] Dedicated Pranami temples exist such as in Kathiawar and Gulf of Kutch region, but followers of Pranami traditions substitute it by praying and spiritual pursuits in any nearby convenient temples.[18][20] There are an estimated 5-10 million Pranamis found primarily throughout North India, particularly the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal (Darjeeling , Kalimpong and Sikkim), and Assam, as well as the eastern half of Nepal.[18]

 
 
Images and devotees at Shri Krishna Pranami temples.

Distribution edit

Nijanand Sampraday followers though a minority sect of an offshoot Hinduism can be found in States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim in India chiefly. The followers of Shree Krishna Pranami Faith are spread worldwide in recent times including the countries like Nepal, United States, Australia, Japan, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates and Canada among others.[citation needed]

References edit

  1. ^ "Pranami Faith". pranami.org.
  2. ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). "Pranami Panth". Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  3. ^ Toffin, Gérard (2011). The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas: Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics. SAGE Publishers. pp. 144–152. ISBN 978-81-321-0524-4.
  4. ^ Toffin, Gérard (2012). "The Power of Boundaries: Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal". In John Zavos; et al. (eds.). Public Hinduisms. SAGE Publ. India. pp. 249–254. ISBN 978-81-321-1696-7.
  5. ^ Shiri Ram Bakshi; S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan (2008). Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.
  6. ^ Arvind Sharma (2013). Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN 978-0-300-18738-0.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Toffin, Gérard (2020). "Praṇāmī Sampradāy". Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.
  8. ^ Arvind Sharma (2013). Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN 978-0-300-18738-0.
  9. ^ Toffin, Gérard (2011). The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas: Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics. SAGE Publishers. pp. 144–152. ISBN 978-81-321-0524-4.
  10. ^ Archana Sharma | TNN (19 November 2006). "Where Krishna meets Mohammed". The Times of India.
  11. ^ Shiri Ram Bakshi; S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan (2008). Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.
  12. ^ Toffin, Gérard (2012). "The Power of Boundaries: Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal". In John Zavos; et al. (eds.). Public Hinduisms. SAGE Publ. India. pp. 249–254. ISBN 978-81-321-1696-7.
  13. ^ Amalendu Misra (2004). Identity and Religion: Foundations of Anti-Islamism in India. Sage Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-7619-3227-7.
  14. ^ Rajmohan Gandhi (2007). Mohandas: A True Story of a Man, His People, and an Empire. Penguin Books India. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-14-310411-7.
  15. ^ Nagindas Sanghvi (2006). The Agony of Arrival: Gandhi, the South Africa Years. Rupa & Company. p. 38. ISBN 978-81-291-0835-7.
  16. ^ Mahāmati Prāṇanātha: Jāganī sañcayana, viśvadharma sadbhāva ko samarpita śodhagrantha, varsha 1994-95, aṅka 20-21 : viśvadharma preraka Vijayābhinanda Budha Mahāmati Prāṇanātha kī Tirodhāna Triśatābdī para prakāśita (in Hindi). Śrī Prāṇanātha Miśana. 1994. p. 381.
  17. ^ A. A. Abbasi (2001). Dimensions of Human Cultures in Central India: Professor S.K. Tiwari Felicitation Volume. Sarup & Sons. p. 191. ISBN 978-81-7625-186-0.
  18. ^ a b c Toffin, Gérard (2011). The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas: Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics. SAGE Publishers. pp. 144–152. ISBN 978-81-321-0524-4.
  19. ^ Toffin, Gérard (2012). "The Power of Boundaries: Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal". In John Zavos; et al. (eds.). Public Hinduisms. SAGE Publ. India. pp. 249–254. ISBN 978-81-321-1696-7.
  20. ^ Arvind Sharma (2013). Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN 978-0-300-18738-0.

January 01, 1970
pranami, sampradaya, also, known, pranami, those, down, pranami, panth, hindu, sect, that, worships, krishna, supreme, based, teachings, mahamati, prannath, devchandra, their, holy, book, tartam, sagar, founderdevchandraregions, with, significant, populationsi. The Pranami Sampradaya also known as Pranami lit Those who bow down or Pranami Panth is a Hindu sect that worships Krishna as the Supreme God It is based on the teachings of Mahamati Prannath and Devchandra and their holy book the Tartam Sagar 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pranami SampradayaFounderDevchandraRegions with significant populationsIndia NepalReligionsHinduismScripturesTartam SagarLanguagesGujarati Hindi Nepali Contents 1 History 1 1 Tartam Sagar 2 Rites and rituals 3 Distribution 4 ReferencesHistory editThe Praṇami sect belong to the Sant heritage like that of the Kabirpanthi Dadupanthis and Sikhs 7 The Praṇami sampradaya emerged in the 17th century in Western India based on the teachings of Bhakti saints Devcandra Mehta and his foremost disciple Mehraj Ṭhakur aka Praṇanath Devcandra 1581 1655 was born into a wealthy Kayastha family in Umarkot Sindh and was initiated into the Radhavallabha sect According to sectarian tradition Kr ṣṇa visited Devcandra and gave him the tartam mantra which gives access to the Iilas of Kr ṣṇa His disciple Mehraj Ṭhakur aka Praṇanath was born into a Ṭhakur family in Jamnagar Saurashtra Praṇanath worked as a government official in Saurashtra and travelled through Arabia Persia and Iraq studying the Quʾran Bible and other Islamic Christian texts In India he founded the Mahamaṅgalapuri Temple in Surat In the 1677 Kumbhamela in Haridvar he won a religious debate in which he defeated Vaiṣṇava and Saiva followers and was awarded the title of mahamati In Jamnagar he was arrested several times for allegedly embezzeling public funds 7 The traditions grew after Mughal Empire declined in the wake of Aurangzeb s religious persecution of non Muslims when Hindu rebellion led to new kingdoms King Chatrasal of Bundelkhand patronized Praṇanath and he lived in its capital Panna for the rest of his life untili his death in 1694 The Pranami tradition welcomed all castes and religions to join the Supreme Truth Shri Krishna worship tradition At conversion initiation Prannathji would invite the new members to dine together regardless of whether they came from any Sanatan background He would also explain the Pranami ideas by citing Hindu and Islamic texts to make his teachings connect with the background of the converts 8 7 The Pranami Sampradaya is also known as the Nijananda Sampradaya literally nij meaning oneself or own and ananda meaning bliss or joy 9 The Pranami sampradaya s teachings tries to bridge the gap between the Eastern religions and Western religions together stating that both the Eastern and Western religions talk about the same one almighty god 10 The Praṇami sect is heavily influenced by Islam having developed in an era of Islamic rule Praṇanath claimed that Hinduism and Islam both contained the same esoteric truths and that the Quʾran and Vedas both revealed the same truth According to sectarian tradition Praṇanath is both the last avatar of Viṣṇu and the Mahdi and Chatrasal is compared to ʾAli During his lifetime Praṇanath was considered to be both a Hindu sant and a Musim faqir 7 The Praṇami corpus like in other Bhakti movement saint traditions an eclectic mix of vernacular languages found in central west and north India Hindi Gujarati Sindhi and Sanskrit 11 12 7 Until the early 20th century Praṇamis were accused of being crypto Muslims They were and are treated suspiciously by others and were considered to be outcastes In recent decades the sect has gone through HInduization Vaishnavization with older Islamic elements being discarded 7 Among other notables Mahatma Gandhi s mother Putlibai belonged to Pranami sect 13 14 Gandhi in his book My Experiments With Truth mentions about this sect Pranami is a sect deriving the best of Gita and Quran in search of one goal Shri Krishna 15 nbsp nbsp Krishna Pranami Mandir in Madhya Pradesh and Buddhashanti Nepal Tartam Sagar edit The Tartam Sagar also referred to as the Kuljam Swaroop 16 is the holy book of the Pranami tradition It is a compilation of 14 books Raas Prakash Shatritu Kalash Sanandh Kirantan Khulasa Khilwat Parikrama Sagar Singaar Sindhi Bani Marfat Sagar and Kayamatnama chhota and bada 17 consisting of 18 758 verses The text was published in 1965 for the first time It is regarded to contain the revelation of the Vedic scriptures as well as the description of the supreme abode of Krishna called paraṃadhama or Goloka Vrindavan The text is regarded to be divine and is therefore accorded equivalent worship as Krishna Rites and rituals editThe tradition is strictly vegetarian ahimsa non violence to animals non caste tradition dedicated to Supreme Lord whom they also call as Rajji 18 19 Dedicated Pranami temples exist such as in Kathiawar and Gulf of Kutch region but followers of Pranami traditions substitute it by praying and spiritual pursuits in any nearby convenient temples 18 20 There are an estimated 5 10 million Pranamis found primarily throughout North India particularly the states of Gujarat Rajasthan Punjab Madhya Pradesh Haryana Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Darjeeling Kalimpong and Sikkim and Assam as well as the eastern half of Nepal 18 nbsp nbsp Images and devotees at Shri Krishna Pranami temples Distribution editNijanand Sampraday followers though a minority sect of an offshoot Hinduism can be found in States of Gujarat Rajasthan New Delhi Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Punjab Haryana Assam West Bengal Sikkim in India chiefly The followers of Shree Krishna Pranami Faith are spread worldwide in recent times including the countries like Nepal United States Australia Japan United Kingdom United Arab Emirates and Canada among others citation needed References edit Pranami Faith pranami org Dalal Roshen 2010 Pranami Panth Hinduism An Alphabetical Guide New Delhi Penguin Books India ISBN 978 0 14 341421 6 Toffin Gerard 2011 The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics SAGE Publishers pp 144 152 ISBN 978 81 321 0524 4 Toffin Gerard 2012 The Power of Boundaries Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal In John Zavos et al eds Public Hinduisms SAGE Publ India pp 249 254 ISBN 978 81 321 1696 7 Shiri Ram Bakshi S R Bakshi And O P Ralhan 2008 Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages Sarup amp Sons pp 205 206 ISBN 978 81 7625 806 7 Arvind Sharma 2013 Gandhi A Spiritual Biography Yale University Press pp 10 12 ISBN 978 0 300 18738 0 a b c d e f Toffin Gerard 2020 Praṇami Sampraday Brill s Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online Brill Arvind Sharma 2013 Gandhi A Spiritual Biography Yale University Press pp 10 12 ISBN 978 0 300 18738 0 Toffin Gerard 2011 The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics SAGE Publishers pp 144 152 ISBN 978 81 321 0524 4 Archana Sharma TNN 19 November 2006 Where Krishna meets Mohammed The Times of India Shiri Ram Bakshi S R Bakshi And O P Ralhan 2008 Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages Sarup amp Sons pp 205 206 ISBN 978 81 7625 806 7 Toffin Gerard 2012 The Power of Boundaries Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal In John Zavos et al eds Public Hinduisms SAGE Publ India pp 249 254 ISBN 978 81 321 1696 7 Amalendu Misra 2004 Identity and Religion Foundations of Anti Islamism in India Sage Publications p 67 ISBN 978 0 7619 3227 7 Rajmohan Gandhi 2007 Mohandas A True Story of a Man His People and an Empire Penguin Books India p 5 ISBN 978 0 14 310411 7 Nagindas Sanghvi 2006 The Agony of Arrival Gandhi the South Africa Years Rupa amp Company p 38 ISBN 978 81 291 0835 7 Mahamati Praṇanatha Jagani sancayana visvadharma sadbhava ko samarpita sodhagrantha varsha 1994 95 aṅka 20 21 visvadharma preraka Vijayabhinanda Budha Mahamati Praṇanatha ki Tirodhana Trisatabdi para prakasita in Hindi Sri Praṇanatha Misana 1994 p 381 A A Abbasi 2001 Dimensions of Human Cultures in Central India Professor S K Tiwari Felicitation Volume Sarup amp Sons p 191 ISBN 978 81 7625 186 0 a b c Toffin Gerard 2011 The Politics of Belonging in the Himalayas Local Attachments and Boundary Dynamics SAGE Publishers pp 144 152 ISBN 978 81 321 0524 4 Toffin Gerard 2012 The Power of Boundaries Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal In John Zavos et al eds Public Hinduisms SAGE Publ India pp 249 254 ISBN 978 81 321 1696 7 Arvind Sharma 2013 Gandhi A Spiritual Biography Yale University Press pp 10 12 ISBN 978 0 300 18738 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pranami Sampradaya amp oldid 1209322677 History, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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