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Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar

April 23, 2023

The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is a passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era.

Model 18 Lodestar
C-56 / C-57 / C-60 / R5O
Lockheed Lodestar flying skydivers at Goderich, 1977
Role Passenger transport
National origin United States
Manufacturer Lockheed
First flight September 21, 1939
Introduction March 30, 1940
Primary user United States Army Air Corps
Number built 625[1]
Developed from Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
Variants Lockheed Ventura

Design and development

Sales of the 10–14 passenger Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, which first flew in 1937, had proved disappointing, despite the aircraft's excellent performance, as it was more expensive to operate than the larger Douglas DC-3, already in widespread use.[2] In order to improve the type's economics, Lockheed decided to stretch the aircraft's fuselage by 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m), allowing an extra two rows of seats to be fitted.[3]

The prototype for the revised airliner, designated Model 18 by Lockheed, was converted from the fourth Model 14, one of a batch which had been returned to the manufacturer by Northwest Airlines after a series of crashes. The modified aircraft first flew in this form on September 21, 1939, another two prototypes being converted from Model 14s, with the first newly built Model 18 flying on February 2, 1940.[4]

A total of 625 Lodestars of all variants were built.

Operational history

 
Lockheed Lodestar
 
Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar over Houston, 1947 or 1948

The Lodestar received its Type certificate on March 30, 1940, allowing it to enter service with the first customer, Mid-Continent Airlines that month.[5] As hoped, the extra seats greatly improved the Model 18's economics, reducing its seat-mile costs to a similar level to that of the DC-3, while retaining superior performance. Despite this, sales to US domestic customers were relatively slow as most US airlines were already committed to the DC-3, with only 31 Lodestars going to US airlines.[6] Overseas sales were a little better, with the biggest airline customers being South African Airways (21), New Zealand National Airways Corporation (13), Trans-Canada Air Lines (12) and BOAC (9); another 29 were bought by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Various Pratt & Whitney and Wright Cyclone powerplants were installed.

When the United States started to build up its military air strength in 1940–41, many American-operated Lodestars were impressed as the C-56. This was followed by the construction of many new-build Lodestars which were flown by the U.S. Army Air Forces as the C-60 and by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps as the R5O. Lend-lease aircraft were used by the RNZAF as transports.

One was purchased in 1942 to serve as Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas' personal aircraft. This aircraft was specially designed for that purpose and had 11 seats.

 
Howard 250 Lodestar conversion fitted with tri-gear. At Opa Locka Airport near Miami in 1981

After the war many Lodestars were overhauled and returned to civilian service, mostly as executive transports such as Dallas Aero Service's DAS Dalaero conversion, Bill Lear's Learstar (produced by PacAero), and Howard Aero's Howard 250.[7][8] A few of the latter were converted to tricycle landing gear.

While the surviving New Zealand NZNAC aircraft were sold back overseas in 1951/52, six more were later imported and converted for aerial topdressing.

A single Lodestar served with the Israeli Air Force during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

A number of skydiving operations in the United States used Lodestars during the 1970s and 1980s.

Variants

18-07
Powered by two 875 hp Pratt & Whitney Hornet S1E2-G engines; 25 built plus two prototypes.[9]
18-08
Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3-G engines; 33 built.[10]
18-10
Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3-G engines; 39 built.[11]
18-14
Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S4C4-G engines; four built.[9]
18-40
Powered by two 1,200 hp Wright Cyclone G-1820-G104A engines; 26 built.[9]
18-50
Powered by two 1,200hp Wright Cyclone G-1820-G202A engines; 13 built.[11]
18-56
Powered by two 1,200hp Wright Cyclone GR-1820-G205A, R-1820-40 or R-1820-87 engines.[5][12]

US Army Lodestars

C-56
Powered by 1,200 hp Wright 1820-89 engines, one Model 18-50 for evaluation.[13]
C-56A
One impressed Model 18-07 with two Pratt & Whitney R-1690-54 engines.[13]
C-56B
Thirteen impressed Model 18-40s with two Wright 1820-97 engines.[13]
C-56C
Twelve impressed Model 18-07.[13]
C-56D
Seven impressed Model 18-08.[13]
C-56E
Two Model 18-40s impressed in 1943.[13]
C-57
As Model 18-14 powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-53 engines.[13]
C-57A
Allocated for impressed aircraft, not used.[13]
C-57B
Based on Model 18-08 fitted for trooping; seven aircraft built.[13]
C-57C
Repowered C-60A with Pratt & Whitney R-1830-51 engines; three aircraft converted.[13]
C-57D
Repowered C-57C with Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 engines; one aircraft converted.[13]
C-59
Based on Model 18-07 powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1690-25 Hornet engines; 10 aircraft built, transferred to Royal Air Force as Lodestar IA.
C-60
Model 18-56 powered by Wright R-1820-87 engines; 36 aircraft built, some transferred to RAF as Lodestar II.
C-60A
As the C-60 but fitted out as a paratroop transport powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engines; 325 aircraft built.[13]
XC-60B
One C-60A fitted with experimental de-icing equipment.[13]
C-60C
Proposed 21-seat troop transport aircraft, never built.
C-66
Powered by Wright R-1820-87 engines; one aircraft built, 11-passenger interior for transfer to the Brazilian Air Force.[13]
C-104
Original designation for C-60C

US Navy Lodestars

XR5O-1
One Model 18-07 acquired for evaluation powered by 1,200 hp (895 kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines.[13]
R5O-1
Staff transport powered by 1,200 hp (895 kW) Wright R-1820-97 engines; three aircraft built, two for the USN and one for the United States Coast Guard.
R5O-2
Navy version of the C-59 powered by 850 hp (634 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-25 engines; one aircraft built.
R5O-3
Powered by 1,200 hp (895 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1830-34A engines. Originally 4-seater VIP transports; three aircraft built.
R5O-4
Powered by 1,200 hp (895 kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines. Impressed. 7-seater staff transports; 12 aircraft built.
R5O-5
Navy version of the C-60 powered by 1,200 hp (895 kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines. Similar to the R5O-4 but had 14-seats; 38 aircraft built and three former NEIAF aircraft.[13]
R5O-6
Navy version of the C-60A for the US Marine Corps, equipped with 18 paratroop seats; 35 built.[13]

Operators

 
Not all New Zealand machines became topdressers: Union Airways of New Zealand converted several to airliners in 1945–46 and these were taken over by National Airways Corporation in 1947, as illustrated.

Civil operators

  Australia
  Belgium
  Bolivia
  Brazil
  Canada
  Chile
  Finland
  France
  • Air Afrique (the prewar airline, unrelated to the postwar airline of the same name) - Five Model 18-07s delivered new.[6])
  • Air France - Three Model 18-07s delivered new.[6]
  • Aero Africaine (part of Société Africaine des Transports Tropicaux (SATT), based in Algeria)
  Honduras
  Kenya,   Tanganyika,   Uganda and   Zanzibar
  New Zealand
  Portugal
 
BOAC Lockheed 18, Ankara, ca. 1942
  Puerto Rico
  South Africa
  Sweden
  Trinidad and Tobago
  United Kingdom
  • BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) - Purchased nine, new-build, Model 18-07s supplemented by 29 second hand aircraft (Model 18-07, 18-10, 18-40, 18-50 C-59, C60 and C60A).[18])
  United States
 
National Airlines Lockheed 18
  Venezuela

Military operators

  Australia
  Brazil
  Canada
  Colombia
  Haiti
  Israel
  Mexico
 
SAAF Lodestar 18 ambulance aircraft, at Catania, Sicily circa 1944
  Netherlands
  New Zealand
  Norway
  South Africa
 
Lockheed R5O-1, staff transport for the Secretary of the Navy. At San Francisco on August 4, 1941.
  United Kingdom
  United States

Accidents and incidents

Main article: Panair_do_Brasil § Accidents

Between 1941-1944, the Panair do Brasil airline suffered 4 accidents involving the Lodestar which resulted in a total of 57 fatalities.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]

In January 1943, Lockheed Lodestar Mk.II EW986,[27] c/n 2154, in the service of the Royal Air Force, overshot and crashed 3 km south of Heliopolis, Egypt. At least 12 crew members and passengers died in the crash.[27] A cause of the accident was not determined. Among those killed were Air Vice-Marshal Wilfred Ashton McClaughry, CB, DSO, MC, DFC and Lady Rosalinde Tedder née MacLardy, wife of Marshal of the Royal Air Force Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, GCB.[27]

Main article: 1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash

In 1949, a Lockheed Lodestar in airline service in Australia crashed immediately after takeoff. All 21 occupants died in the crash or the ensuing conflagration. The cause of the accident was determined to be that the center of gravity was behind the rear limit. It is also likely the elevator trim tab was set for landing rather than takeoff.[28]

On December 20, 1956, Alden G. Roach, president of the Consolidated Western Steel and the Columbia-Geneva-Steel Divisions of U.S. Steel, pilot and co pilot crash near Tyrone, Pennsylvania, Model 18-56, N 1245V, U.S. Steel owned company plane. Causes unknown.[29]

On March 22, 1958, Mike Todd's private plane Lucky Liz, named after his wife Elizabeth Taylor, crashed near Grants, New Mexico. The plane, a twin-engine Lockheed Lodestar, suffered engine failure while being flown overloaded, in icing conditions at too-high an altitude for the loading. The plane went out of control and crashed, killing all four on board.[citation needed]

On September 4, 1962, a Lockheed 18-56-24 Lodestar operated by the Ashland Oil and Refining Company crashed near Lake Milton, Ohio. The flight was in-route to Ashland Regional Airport (KDWU) from Buffalo Airport, NY. Eleven passengers and two crew-members were killed. Investigation determined the crash a result of a malfunction of the electric elevator trim tab, which caused the loss of the plane's right wing during flight.[30]

On August 21, 1983, a Lockheed L-18 LEARStar operated by Landry Aviation, Inc. crashed near Silvana, Washington. The flight was a planned parachute drop carrying two pilots and 22 parachutists. Nine parachutists and two crew-members were killed while 13 were able to parachute to safety after the pilots lost control and entered a vertical descent from 12,500 feet. Investigation determined the crash a result of a failure of the operator and pilot-in-command to assure proper load distribution during the parachute drop.[31]

Surviving aircraft

Brazil

Canada

Finland

New Zealand

  • c/n 18-2020 – C-60 on static display at the Museum of Transport and Technology in Western Springs, Auckland. It was built for United Airlines in October 1940 and registered as NC25630. It was impressed into United States Army Air Forces with the serial number 42-53504. In September 1941 it was transferred to the Royal Air Force as AX756. Next, it was operated as G-AGCN by the British Overseas Airways Corporation in East Africa. After serving with the Spanish Air Force, it was sold back to the United States where it was registered as N9933F. Sold again to FieldAir in either 1957 or 1958 it was converted to an aerial topdresser and given the registration ZK-BVE. It was damaged in a wheels up landing in 1969.[42][43][44]
  • c/n 18-2152 – C-60 under restoration with the Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society in Gisborne, Gisborne. It was previously operated by the Royal Air Force as EW984 and Spanish Air Force. Sold to civilian ownership, it was first registered in the United States as N9930F in 1955. It was converted to an aerial topdresser by Fieldair in 1957 and registered as ZK-BUV. It was a gate guardian at Gisborne Airport from 1973 to 1998.[45][46][44]
  • c/n 18-2388 – L18-56 on static display at the National Transport and Toy Museum in Wanaka.[47][44][48]

Norway

South Africa

Sweden

United States

Uruguay

Specifications (C-60A-5)

 

Data from Lockheed Aircraft since 1913.[80]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3
  • Capacity: 18 passengers
  • Length: 49 ft 10 in (15.19 m)
  • Wingspan: 65 ft 6 in (19.96 m)
  • Height: 11 ft 10 in (3.61 m)
  • Wing area: 551 sq ft (51.2 m2)
  • Empty weight: 12,500 lb (5,670 kg)
  • Gross weight: 17,500 lb (7,938 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 21,000 lb (9,525 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Wright R-1820-87 nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 266 mph (428 km/h, 231 kn) at 1,750 ft (530 m)
  • Cruise speed: 200 mph (320 km/h, 170 kn)
  • Range: 2,500 mi (4,000 km, 2,200 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 30,100 ft (9,200 m)
  • Climb to 10,000 ft (3,000 m): 6.6 minutes

See also

Related development

Related lists

Notes

  1. ^ Francillon 1982, p. 488.
  2. ^ Francillon 1982, p. 135.
  3. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 185–86.
  4. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 1398, 186.
  5. ^ a b Francillon 1982, p. 186.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Francillon 1982, p. 187.
  7. ^ Taylor 1965, p. 244.
  8. ^ "Have You Seen? Twin Feathers". Flying. Vol. 54, no. 1. January 1954. p. 40.
  9. ^ a b c Francillon 1982, pp. 186, 488.
  10. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 185, 488.
  11. ^ a b Francillon 1982, pp. 186, 488–489.
  12. ^ "Lockheed 18 Lodestar specs". Aviation Safety Network. 8 August 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Andrade 1979, pp. 77–78.
  14. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 187, 488.
  15. ^ a b Francillon 1982, p. 188.
  16. ^ Francillon 1982, p. 191.
  17. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 187–188.
  18. ^ Francillon 1982, pp. 187, 191.
  19. ^ a b Francillon 1982, p. 193.
  20. ^ Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. p. 338.
  21. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Serra da Cantareira". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 37–41. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  22. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Uma desgraça nunca vem só". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  23. ^ "Accident description PP-PBI". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
  24. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Alternativa derradeira". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  25. ^ "Accident description PP-PBH". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  26. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Mais um Lodestar". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 69–72. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  27. ^ a b c Record for EW986 on lostaircraft.com
  28. ^ Job, Macarthur. "Horror at Coolangatta." 2012-03-26 at the Wayback Machine Flight Safety Australia, via casa.gov.au, November–December 1999, p. 47. Retrieved: December 5, 2011.
  29. ^ https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33566/dot_33566_DS1.pdf?
  30. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed 18-56-24 Lodestar N1000F Lake Milton, OH". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  31. ^ https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8406.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  32. ^ "LOCKHEED 18 (C-60A) - LODESTAR | LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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  34. ^ "Lockheed Lodestar". The Canadian Museum of Flight. Canadian Museum of Flight. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  35. ^ May, Bill. "Lockheed Lodestar 18-08 CF-TCY". The Canadian Museum of Flight. Canadian Museum of Flight. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  36. ^ "Museum of Flight says 'thanks' to UFV for plane restoration project". BC Association of Institutes & Universities. BCAIU. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  37. ^ Tenby, Henry (1 February 2015). "Trans Canada Airlines Lockheed Lodestar CF-TCY Restoration". Henry Tenby. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  38. ^ "Aircraft CF-TCY Data". Airport-Data.com. Airport-Data.com. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  39. ^ "Aviation". Reynolds Museum. Government of Alberta. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  40. ^ "LOCKHEED 18-07 LODESTAR". Ilmailumuseo Flygmuseum (in Finnish). Suomen ilmailumuseo. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  41. ^ "Lockheed L-18-56 Lodestar". Ilmailumuseot.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  42. ^ . Museum of Transport and Technology. MOTAT. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  43. ^ Wesley, Richard (23 December 2007). "Lockheed 19 Lodestar". MOTAT Aircraft Collection. Blogger. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  44. ^ a b c Treweek, Phillip (19 September 1998). "Lockheed (Model 18) C-60 Lodestar". Kiwi Aircraft Images. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  45. ^ "[Data Sheet]". Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  46. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-59 Lodestar, s/n EW984 RAF, c/n 18-2152, c/r ZK-BUV". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  47. ^ . National Transport and Toy Museum. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  48. ^ Livingstone, Bob (1992). "Guest Gallery (2)". Kiwi Aircraft Images. Phillip Treweek. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  49. ^ "Lockheed C-60A Lodestar". www.flysam.no. Flysamlingen Forsvarets Museer. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  50. ^ "Andries Pretorius". SAA Museum Society. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  51. ^ "SE-BZE. LOCKHEED 18-56 LODESTAR". Flygsamlingar Arlanda. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  52. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A-5-LO Lodestar, s/n 2593 RNoAF, c/n 18-0056, c/r SE-BZE". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  53. ^ . Castle Air Museum. Castle Air Museum. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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  55. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Lockheed R5O-5 Lodestar, s/n 12474 USN, c/n 18-2404, c/r N631LS". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
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  57. ^ "Lockheed Lodestar - N31G". 1940 Air Terminal Museum. Houston Aeronautical Heritage Society. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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  59. ^ "1941 LOCKHEED HUDSON/L-18 LODESTAR N41CW S/N 6124". Courtesy Aircraft Sales. Courtesy Aircraft Sales. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
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  62. ^ Veronico, Nick. "Outdoor Exhibits - C-56 "Lodestar"". Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center. Travis Heritage Center. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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  64. ^ a b . Planes of Fame Air Museum. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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Bibliography

  • Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serial, since 1909. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
  • Francillon, René J. (1982). Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam & Company. ISBN 0-370-30329-6..
  • Stanaway, John C. Vega Ventura: The Operational Story of Lockheed's Lucky Star. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-0087-3.
  • Stitt, Robert M. (July–August 2002). "Round-out". Air Enthusiast. No. 100. p. 75. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1965.

External links

  •   Media related to Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar at Wikimedia Commons

April 23, 2023
lockheed, model, lodestar, passenger, transport, aircraft, world, model, lodestar, r5olockheed, lodestar, flying, skydivers, goderich, 1977role, passenger, transportnational, origin, united, statesmanufacturer, lockheedfirst, flight, september, 1939introductio. The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is a passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era Model 18 Lodestar C 56 C 57 C 60 R5OLockheed Lodestar flying skydivers at Goderich 1977Role Passenger transportNational origin United StatesManufacturer LockheedFirst flight September 21 1939Introduction March 30 1940Primary user United States Army Air CorpsNumber built 625 1 Developed from Lockheed Model 14 Super ElectraVariants Lockheed Ventura Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 3 1 US Army Lodestars 3 2 US Navy Lodestars 4 Operators 4 1 Civil operators 4 2 Military operators 5 Accidents and incidents 6 Surviving aircraft 6 1 Brazil 6 2 Canada 6 3 Finland 6 4 New Zealand 6 5 Norway 6 6 South Africa 6 7 Sweden 6 8 United States 6 9 Uruguay 7 Specifications C 60A 5 8 See also 9 Notes 10 Bibliography 11 External linksDesign and development EditSales of the 10 14 passenger Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra which first flew in 1937 had proved disappointing despite the aircraft s excellent performance as it was more expensive to operate than the larger Douglas DC 3 already in widespread use 2 In order to improve the type s economics Lockheed decided to stretch the aircraft s fuselage by 5 feet 6 inches 1 68 m allowing an extra two rows of seats to be fitted 3 The prototype for the revised airliner designated Model 18 by Lockheed was converted from the fourth Model 14 one of a batch which had been returned to the manufacturer by Northwest Airlines after a series of crashes The modified aircraft first flew in this form on September 21 1939 another two prototypes being converted from Model 14s with the first newly built Model 18 flying on February 2 1940 4 A total of 625 Lodestars of all variants were built Operational history Edit Lockheed Lodestar Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar over Houston 1947 or 1948 The Lodestar received its Type certificate on March 30 1940 allowing it to enter service with the first customer Mid Continent Airlines that month 5 As hoped the extra seats greatly improved the Model 18 s economics reducing its seat mile costs to a similar level to that of the DC 3 while retaining superior performance Despite this sales to US domestic customers were relatively slow as most US airlines were already committed to the DC 3 with only 31 Lodestars going to US airlines 6 Overseas sales were a little better with the biggest airline customers being South African Airways 21 New Zealand National Airways Corporation 13 Trans Canada Air Lines 12 and BOAC 9 another 29 were bought by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force Various Pratt amp Whitney and Wright Cyclone powerplants were installed When the United States started to build up its military air strength in 1940 41 many American operated Lodestars were impressed as the C 56 This was followed by the construction of many new build Lodestars which were flown by the U S Army Air Forces as the C 60 and by the U S Navy and U S Marine Corps as the R5O Lend lease aircraft were used by the RNZAF as transports One was purchased in 1942 to serve as Brazilian President Getulio Vargas personal aircraft This aircraft was specially designed for that purpose and had 11 seats Howard 250 Lodestar conversion fitted with tri gear At Opa Locka Airport near Miami in 1981 After the war many Lodestars were overhauled and returned to civilian service mostly as executive transports such as Dallas Aero Service s DAS Dalaero conversion Bill Lear s Learstar produced by PacAero and Howard Aero s Howard 250 7 8 A few of the latter were converted to tricycle landing gear While the surviving New Zealand NZNAC aircraft were sold back overseas in 1951 52 six more were later imported and converted for aerial topdressing A single Lodestar served with the Israeli Air Force during the 1948 Arab Israeli War A number of skydiving operations in the United States used Lodestars during the 1970s and 1980s Variants Edit18 07 Powered by two 875 hp Pratt amp Whitney Hornet S1E2 G engines 25 built plus two prototypes 9 18 08 Powered by two 1 200 hp Pratt amp Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3 G engines 33 built 10 18 10 Powered by two 1 200 hp Pratt amp Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3 G engines 39 built 11 18 14 Powered by two 1 200 hp Pratt amp Whitney Twin Wasp S4C4 G engines four built 9 18 40 Powered by two 1 200 hp Wright Cyclone G 1820 G104A engines 26 built 9 18 50 Powered by two 1 200hp Wright Cyclone G 1820 G202A engines 13 built 11 18 56 Powered by two 1 200hp Wright Cyclone GR 1820 G205A R 1820 40 or R 1820 87 engines 5 12 US Army Lodestars Edit C 56 Powered by 1 200 hp Wright 1820 89 engines one Model 18 50 for evaluation 13 C 56A One impressed Model 18 07 with two Pratt amp Whitney R 1690 54 engines 13 C 56B Thirteen impressed Model 18 40s with two Wright 1820 97 engines 13 C 56C Twelve impressed Model 18 07 13 C 56D Seven impressed Model 18 08 13 C 56E Two Model 18 40s impressed in 1943 13 C 57 As Model 18 14 powered by two 1 200 hp Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 53 engines 13 C 57A Allocated for impressed aircraft not used 13 C 57B Based on Model 18 08 fitted for trooping seven aircraft built 13 C 57C Repowered C 60A with Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 51 engines three aircraft converted 13 C 57D Repowered C 57C with Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 92 engines one aircraft converted 13 C 59 Based on Model 18 07 powered by Pratt amp Whitney R 1690 25 Hornet engines 10 aircraft built transferred to Royal Air Force as Lodestar IA C 60 Model 18 56 powered by Wright R 1820 87 engines 36 aircraft built some transferred to RAF as Lodestar II C 60A As the C 60 but fitted out as a paratroop transport powered by Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 Twin Wasp engines 325 aircraft built 13 XC 60B One C 60A fitted with experimental de icing equipment 13 C 60C Proposed 21 seat troop transport aircraft never built C 66 Powered by Wright R 1820 87 engines one aircraft built 11 passenger interior for transfer to the Brazilian Air Force 13 C 104 Original designation for C 60CUS Navy Lodestars Edit XR5O 1 One Model 18 07 acquired for evaluation powered by 1 200 hp 895 kW Wright R 1820 40 engines 13 R5O 1 Staff transport powered by 1 200 hp 895 kW Wright R 1820 97 engines three aircraft built two for the USN and one for the United States Coast Guard R5O 2 Navy version of the C 59 powered by 850 hp 634 kW Pratt amp Whitney R 1690 25 engines one aircraft built R5O 3 Powered by 1 200 hp 895 kW Pratt amp Whitney R 1830 34A engines Originally 4 seater VIP transports three aircraft built R5O 4 Powered by 1 200 hp 895 kW Wright R 1820 40 engines Impressed 7 seater staff transports 12 aircraft built R5O 5 Navy version of the C 60 powered by 1 200 hp 895 kW Wright R 1820 40 engines Similar to the R5O 4 but had 14 seats 38 aircraft built and three former NEIAF aircraft 13 R5O 6 Navy version of the C 60A for the US Marine Corps equipped with 18 paratroop seats 35 built 13 Operators Edit Not all New Zealand machines became topdressers Union Airways of New Zealand converted several to airliners in 1945 46 and these were taken over by National Airways Corporation in 1947 as illustrated Civil operators Edit AustraliaTrans Australia Airlines TAA two operated 1952 1953 BelgiumSABENA mainly in Africa BoliviaLloyd Aereo Boliviano LAB BrazilLinhas Aereas Wright NAB Navegacao Aerea Brasileira Panair do Brasil 6 Model 18 10s delivered new 14 SAVAG Sociedade Anonima Viacao Aerea Gaucha Two Model 18 10s bought from Panair do Brasil Transportes Aereos Universal Viacao Aerea Bahiana CanadaTrans Canada Air Lines 12 Model 18 10s delivered new 15 Yukon Southern Air Transport Two Model 18 10s delivered new 15 Canadian Pacific Air Lines purchased Yukon Southern Air Transport in 1941 ChileLinea Aerea Nacional LAN 1943 1953 CINTA Chilean Airlines 1953 1959 FinlandKarhumaki Airways FranceAir Afrique the prewar airline unrelated to the postwar airline of the same name Five Model 18 07s delivered new 6 Air France Three Model 18 07s delivered new 6 Aero Africaine part of Societe Africaine des Transports Tropicaux SATT based in Algeria HondurasTACA Airways System Kenya Tanganyika Uganda and ZanzibarEast African Airways Received six ex BOAC Model 18 07s in 1948 16 New ZealandUnion Airways of New Zealand 1945 1947 National Airways Corporation post 1947 Portugal BOAC Lockheed 18 Ankara ca 1942 Aero Portuguesa DETA Mozambique Airways serving Portugal s colony of Mozambique Puerto RicoCaribbean Atlantic Airlines South AfricaSouth African Airways Purchased 29 Model 18 08s from new 17 Commercial Air Services operated two aircraft SwedenLinjeflyg 1957 1960 Trinidad and TobagoBritish West Indian Airways United KingdomBOAC British Overseas Airways Corporation Purchased nine new build Model 18 07s supplemented by 29 second hand aircraft Model 18 07 18 10 18 40 18 50 C 59 C60 and C60A 18 United States National Airlines Lockheed 18 Continental Air Lines Two Model 18 08s and three 18 10s delivered new 6 Mid Continent Airlines Three Model 18 07s and one Model 18 10 delivered new 6 National Airlines Three Model 18 50s delivered new 6 Pan American Airways Six Model 18 10s delivered new 6 United Air Lines Four Model 18 10s delivered new 6 Inland Air Lines One Model 18 08 delivered new 6 Western Air Lines purchased Inland Air Lines in 1944 and operated it as a separate division Alaska Star Airlines renamed to Alaska Airlines in 1944 one Model 18 56 Tennessee Valley Authority one for internal use VenezuelaLinea Aeropostal Venezolana LAV One Model 18 10 delivered new 6 Military operators Edit AustraliaRoyal Australian Air Force BrazilBrazilian Air Force Seven C 60A and one C 66 19 CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force 18 C 60A 19 No 164 Squadron RCAF No 165 Squadron RCAF ColombiaColombian Air Force C 60 as VIP transport HaitiHaiti Air Corps IsraelIsraeli Air Force Mexico SAAF Lodestar 18 ambulance aircraft at Catania Sicily circa 1944 Mexican Air Force NetherlandsRoyal Netherlands East Indies Air Force 20 Model 18 40s and nine Model 18 50s delivered 6 New ZealandRoyal New Zealand Air Force No 40 Squadron RNZAF No 41 Squadron RNZAF NorwayNorwegian Air Force Three delivered to the Norwegian government in exile 6 South AfricaSouth African Air Force Lockheed R5O 1 staff transport for the Secretary of the Navy At San Francisco on August 4 1941 United KingdomRoyal Air Force United StatesUnited States Army Air Corps United States Navy United States Marine Corps United States Coast GuardAccidents and incidents EditMain article Panair do Brasil Accidents Between 1941 1944 the Panair do Brasil airline suffered 4 accidents involving the Lodestar which resulted in a total of 57 fatalities 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 In January 1943 Lockheed Lodestar Mk II EW986 27 c n 2154 in the service of the Royal Air Force overshot and crashed 3 km south of Heliopolis Egypt At least 12 crew members and passengers died in the crash 27 A cause of the accident was not determined Among those killed were Air Vice Marshal Wilfred Ashton McClaughry CB DSO MC DFC and Lady Rosalinde Tedder nee MacLardy wife of Marshal of the Royal Air Force Arthur William Tedder 1st Baron Tedder GCB 27 Main article 1949 Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash In 1949 a Lockheed Lodestar in airline service in Australia crashed immediately after takeoff All 21 occupants died in the crash or the ensuing conflagration The cause of the accident was determined to be that the center of gravity was behind the rear limit It is also likely the elevator trim tab was set for landing rather than takeoff 28 On December 20 1956 Alden G Roach president of the Consolidated Western Steel and the Columbia Geneva Steel Divisions of U S Steel pilot and co pilot crash near Tyrone Pennsylvania Model 18 56 N 1245V U S Steel owned company plane Causes unknown 29 On March 22 1958 Mike Todd s private plane Lucky Liz named after his wife Elizabeth Taylor crashed near Grants New Mexico The plane a twin engine Lockheed Lodestar suffered engine failure while being flown overloaded in icing conditions at too high an altitude for the loading The plane went out of control and crashed killing all four on board citation needed On September 4 1962 a Lockheed 18 56 24 Lodestar operated by the Ashland Oil and Refining Company crashed near Lake Milton Ohio The flight was in route to Ashland Regional Airport KDWU from Buffalo Airport NY Eleven passengers and two crew members were killed Investigation determined the crash a result of a malfunction of the electric elevator trim tab which caused the loss of the plane s right wing during flight 30 On August 21 1983 a Lockheed L 18 LEARStar operated by Landry Aviation Inc crashed near Silvana Washington The flight was a planned parachute drop carrying two pilots and 22 parachutists Nine parachutists and two crew members were killed while 13 were able to parachute to safety after the pilots lost control and entered a vertical descent from 12 500 feet Investigation determined the crash a result of a failure of the operator and pilot in command to assure proper load distribution during the parachute drop 31 Surviving aircraft EditBrazil Edit FAB 2006 C 60A on static display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro 32 33 Canada Edit c n 18 2064 L18 08 under restoration by students at the Aerospace Centre of the University of the Fraser Valley for static display at the Canadian Museum of Flight It was previously on display at the Victory Air Museum in Mundelein Illinois 34 35 36 37 38 c n 18 2220 L18 08 in storage at the Reynolds Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin Alberta It was previously registered as CF TDB 39 Finland Edit c n 18 2006 L18 56 on static display at the Finnish Aviation Museum in Helsinki 40 It was previously registered as OH VKU N9955F N9965F and F ARTF 41 New Zealand Edit c n 18 2020 C 60 on static display at the Museum of Transport and Technology in Western Springs Auckland It was built for United Airlines in October 1940 and registered as NC25630 It was impressed into United States Army Air Forces with the serial number 42 53504 In September 1941 it was transferred to the Royal Air Force as AX756 Next it was operated as G AGCN by the British Overseas Airways Corporation in East Africa After serving with the Spanish Air Force it was sold back to the United States where it was registered as N9933F Sold again to FieldAir in either 1957 or 1958 it was converted to an aerial topdresser and given the registration ZK BVE It was damaged in a wheels up landing in 1969 42 43 44 c n 18 2152 C 60 under restoration with the Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society in Gisborne Gisborne It was previously operated by the Royal Air Force as EW984 and Spanish Air Force Sold to civilian ownership it was first registered in the United States as N9930F in 1955 It was converted to an aerial topdresser by Fieldair in 1957 and registered as ZK BUV It was a gate guardian at Gisborne Airport from 1973 to 1998 45 46 44 c n 18 2388 L18 56 on static display at the National Transport and Toy Museum in Wanaka 47 44 48 Norway Edit c n 18 2444 C 60A on static display with the Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection at Gardermoen 49 South Africa Edit c n 18 2026 L18 08 on static display at the South African Airways Museum in Germiston Gauteng It was previously operated by South African Airways as ZS ASN 50 Sweden Edit c n 18 0056 L18 56 on static display at the Flygsamlingar Arlanda in Marsta Stockholm 51 52 United States Edit c n 18 2035 XC 60B on static display at the Castle Air Museum at the former Castle Air Force Base in Atwater California 53 54 c n 18 2404 R5O 5 airworthy with Lawrence E Hill of Marion Montana 55 56 c n 18 2302 C 60 on display at the 1940 Air Terminal Museum in Houston Texas It has been converted for use as an executive aircraft 57 c n 18 2347 C 60 in storage in Corinth Mississippi 58 c n 18 6124 L18 56 airworthy with Chris Galloway of Knights Landing California 59 60 61 41 19729 C 56 on static display at the Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center at Travis Air Force Base near Fairfield California 62 63 42 32181 C 60 on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino California 64 65 42 55884 C 60A airworthy with Gary Hilton of Kingsville Missouri 66 67 42 56005 C 60A airworthy with the Houston Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in Houston Texas 68 69 70 42 56036 C 60A airworthy with the Mid America Flight Museum in Mount Pleasant Texas 71 72 43 16445 C 60A on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton Ohio 73 43 16462 C 60A on static display at the Planes of Fame Museum in Chino California 64 74 12473 R5O 5 on static display at the March Field Air Museum at March Air Reserve Base former March Air Force Base in Riverside California 75 12481 R5O 5 on static display at the Pima Air amp Space Museum adjacent to Davis Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson Arizona 76 Uruguay Edit c n 18 2349 C 60 on static display at the Museo Aeronautico Jaime Meregalli at Carrasco Airport near Montevideo 77 78 79 It was seized as a smuggler in the 1980s citation needed Specifications C 60A 5 Edit Data from Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 80 General characteristicsCrew 3 Capacity 18 passengers Length 49 ft 10 in 15 19 m Wingspan 65 ft 6 in 19 96 m Height 11 ft 10 in 3 61 m Wing area 551 sq ft 51 2 m2 Empty weight 12 500 lb 5 670 kg Gross weight 17 500 lb 7 938 kg Max takeoff weight 21 000 lb 9 525 kg Powerplant 2 Wright R 1820 87 nine cylinder air cooled radial engines 1 200 hp 890 kW eachPerformance Maximum speed 266 mph 428 km h 231 kn at 1 750 ft 530 m Cruise speed 200 mph 320 km h 170 kn Range 2 500 mi 4 000 km 2 200 nmi Service ceiling 30 100 ft 9 200 m Climb to 10 000 ft 3 000 m 6 6 minutesSee also Edit Aviation portalRelated development Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra Lockheed Ventura Howard 500Related lists List of aircraft of World War II List of airliners List of Lockheed aircraft List of military aircraft of the United States List of United States Navy aircraft designations pre 1962 List of Royal New Zealand Air Force AircraftNotes Edit Francillon 1982 p 488 Francillon 1982 p 135 Francillon 1982 pp 185 86 Francillon 1982 pp 1398 186 a b Francillon 1982 p 186 a b c d e f g h i j k l Francillon 1982 p 187 Taylor 1965 p 244 Have You Seen Twin Feathers Flying Vol 54 no 1 January 1954 p 40 a b c Francillon 1982 pp 186 488 Francillon 1982 pp 185 488 a b Francillon 1982 pp 186 488 489 Lockheed 18 Lodestar specs Aviation Safety Network 8 August 2013 Retrieved 24 May 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Andrade 1979 pp 77 78 Francillon 1982 pp 187 488 a b Francillon 1982 p 188 Francillon 1982 p 191 Francillon 1982 pp 187 188 Francillon 1982 pp 187 191 a b Francillon 1982 p 193 Pereira Aldo 1987 Breve Historia da Aviacao Comercial Brasileira in Portuguese Rio de Janeiro Europa p 338 Germano da Silva Carlos Ari Cesar 2008 Serra da Cantareira O rastro da bruxa historia da aviacao comercial brasileira no seculo XX atraves dos seus acidentes 1928 1996 in Portuguese 2 ed Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS pp 37 41 ISBN 978 85 7430 760 2 Germano da Silva Carlos Ari Cesar 2008 Uma desgraca nunca vem so O rastro da bruxa historia da aviacao comercial brasileira no seculo XX atraves dos seus acidentes 1928 1996 in Portuguese 2 ed Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS pp 49 53 ISBN 978 85 7430 760 2 Accident description PP PBI Aviation Safety Network Retrieved August 17 2011 Germano da Silva Carlos Ari Cesar 2008 Alternativa derradeira O rastro da bruxa historia da aviacao comercial brasileira no seculo XX atraves dos seus acidentes 1928 1996 in Portuguese 2 ed Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS pp 66 68 ISBN 978 85 7430 760 2 Accident description PP PBH Aviation Safety Network Archived from the original on July 7 2012 Retrieved June 9 2011 Germano da Silva Carlos Ari Cesar 2008 Mais um Lodestar O rastro da bruxa historia da aviacao comercial brasileira no seculo XX atraves dos seus acidentes 1928 1996 in Portuguese 2 ed Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS pp 69 72 ISBN 978 85 7430 760 2 a b c Record for EW986 on lostaircraft com Job Macarthur Horror at Coolangatta Archived 2012 03 26 at the Wayback Machine Flight Safety Australia via casa gov au November December 1999 p 47 Retrieved December 5 2011 https rosap ntl bts gov view dot 33566 dot 33566 DS1 pdf Ranter Harro ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed 18 56 24 Lodestar N1000F Lake Milton OH aviation safety net Retrieved 4 April 2018 https ntsb gov investigations AccidentReports Reports AAR8406 pdf bare URL PDF LOCKHEED 18 C 60A LODESTAR LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Museu Aeroespacial Retrieved 13 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60A Lodestar s n 2006 FABr c n 18 2368 Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 13 December 2016 Lockheed Lodestar The Canadian Museum of Flight Canadian Museum of Flight Retrieved 12 December 2016 May Bill Lockheed Lodestar 18 08 CF TCY The Canadian Museum of Flight Canadian Museum of Flight Retrieved 12 December 2016 Museum of Flight says thanks to UFV for plane restoration project BC Association of Institutes amp Universities BCAIU 13 January 2011 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Tenby Henry 1 February 2015 Trans Canada Airlines Lockheed Lodestar CF TCY Restoration Henry Tenby Retrieved 12 December 2016 Aircraft CF TCY Data Airport Data com Airport Data com Retrieved 12 December 2016 Aviation Reynolds Museum Government of Alberta Retrieved 1 December 2019 LOCKHEED 18 07 LODESTAR Ilmailumuseo Flygmuseum in Finnish Suomen ilmailumuseo 22 May 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Lockheed L 18 56 Lodestar Ilmailumuseot fi in Finnish Retrieved 12 December 2016 AVIATION Museum of Transport and Technology MOTAT Archived from the original on 13 November 2016 Retrieved 13 December 2016 Wesley Richard 23 December 2007 Lockheed 19 Lodestar MOTAT Aircraft Collection Blogger Retrieved 13 December 2016 a b c Treweek Phillip 19 September 1998 Lockheed Model 18 C 60 Lodestar Kiwi Aircraft Images Retrieved 13 December 2016 Data Sheet Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 59 Lodestar s n EW984 RAF c n 18 2152 c r ZK BUV Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 Aircraft National Transport and Toy Museum Archived from the original on 13 October 2016 Retrieved 13 December 2016 Livingstone Bob 1992 Guest Gallery 2 Kiwi Aircraft Images Phillip Treweek Retrieved 13 December 2016 Lockheed C 60A Lodestar www flysam no Flysamlingen Forsvarets Museer Retrieved 6 April 2019 Andries Pretorius SAA Museum Society Retrieved 12 December 2016 SE BZE LOCKHEED 18 56 LODESTAR Flygsamlingar Arlanda Retrieved 2 March 2017 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60A 5 LO Lodestar s n 2593 RNoAF c n 18 0056 c r SE BZE Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 2 March 2017 AIRCRAFT ON DISPLAY Castle Air Museum Castle Air Museum Archived from the original on 14 November 2016 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed XC 60B Lodestar s n 1373 SAAF c n 18 2035 c r N102V Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed R5O 5 Lodestar s n 12474 USN c n 18 2404 c r N631LS Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 1 January 2020 FAA REGISTRY N631LS Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 1 January 2020 Lockheed Lodestar N31G 1940 Air Terminal Museum Houston Aeronautical Heritage Society Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60 Lodestar c n 18 2347 c r N442D Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 5 April 2019 1941 LOCKHEED HUDSON L 18 LODESTAR N41CW S N 6124 Courtesy Aircraft Sales Courtesy Aircraft Sales Retrieved 4 April 2017 Airframe Dossier Lockheed L 18 Lodestar s n BW445 RAF c n 18 6124 c r N41CW Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 4 April 2017 FAA REGISTRY N41CW Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 4 April 2017 Veronico Nick Outdoor Exhibits C 56 Lodestar Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center Travis Heritage Center Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 56 Lodestar s n 41 19729 USAAF c n 18 2089 c r N2333 Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 a b Flying amp Static Aircraft Planes of Fame Air Museum Archived from the original on 20 May 2017 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60 Lodestar s n 42 32181 USAAF c n 18 2201 c r N3779G Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60A 1 LO Lodestar s n 42 55884 USAAF c n 18 2274 c r N30N Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 FAA REGISTRY N30N Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 12 December 2016 C 60 Lodestar Commemorative Air Force Houston Wing Commemorative Air Force Inc Retrieved 13 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60A Lodestar s n 42 56005 USAAF c n 18 2478 c r N60JT Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 13 December 2016 FAA REGISTRY N60JT Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 13 December 2016 N1940S PDF Mid America Flight Museum Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2017 Retrieved 3 March 2017 FAA REGISTRY N1940S Federal Aviation Administration U S Department of Transportation Retrieved 3 March 2017 Lockheed C 60A Lodestar National Museum of the US Air Force 10 April 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60A 5 LO Lodestar s n 43 16462 USAAF c n 18 2622 c r N1000B Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 12 December 2016 R50 5 Lodestar March Field Air Museum March Field Air Museum Retrieved 13 December 2016 LODESTAR Pima Air amp Space Museum Pimaair org Retrieved 12 December 2016 Museo Aeronautico Arte Mercosur in Spanish Retrieved 12 December 2016 Romero Alvaro 2015 03 23 Visitamos el nuevo Museo Aeronautico del Uruguay ModoCharlie in Spanish ModoCharlie Retrieved 12 December 2016 Airframe Dossier Lockheed C 60 Lodestar s n 42 32215 USAAF c n 18 2349 c r N69415 Aerial Visuals AerialVisuals ca Retrieved 13 December 2016 Francillon 1982 pp 190 194 Bibliography EditAndrade John U S Military Aircraft Designations and Serial since 1909 Hersham Surrey UK Midland Counties Publications 1979 ISBN 0 904597 22 9 Francillon Rene J 1982 Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 London Putnam amp Company ISBN 0 370 30329 6 Stanaway John C Vega Ventura The Operational Story of Lockheed s Lucky Star Atglen PA Schiffer Publishing 2000 ISBN 0 7643 0087 3 Stitt Robert M July August 2002 Round out Air Enthusiast No 100 p 75 ISSN 0143 5450 Taylor John W R Jane s All The World s Aircraft 1965 66 London Sampson Low Marston 1965 External links Edit Media related to Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar amp oldid 1149061694, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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