List of largest palaces

The following is a list of some of the largest buildings that are considered palaces in terms by area. The title of the "world's largest palace" is both difficult to award and controversial, as different countries use different standards to claim that their palace is the largest in the world.

The title of world's largest palace by area enclosed within the palace's fortified walls is held by China's Forbidden City complex in Beijing, which covers an area of 728,000 square metres (180 acres). The 980 buildings of the Forbidden City have a combined floor space of 1,614,600 square feet (150,001 m²) and contain 9,999 rooms (the ancient Chinese believed the god Yù Huáng had 10,000 rooms in his palace; so they constructed an earthly palace to have 9,999 and a half rooms, slightly fewer than in the divine palace, out of respect).

The world's largest functioning royal palace by floor space is the Royal Palace of Madrid in Spain, with 135,000 square metres (1,450,000 sq ft) of floor space and containing 3,418 rooms.^[1]

The title of world's largest royal domain, as measured by the total area of the property, goes to Balmoral Castle in Scotland. The castle's grounds cover 20,000 hectares (50,000 acres), or 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi)

The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, with 1000 rooms on 13 levels, and over 130,000 square metres (1,400,000 sq ft) of floor space,^[2] is one of the largest palaces in the world by floor area. It was the winter residence of the Dalai Lama until 1959. (Many sources^[3] give the area as 360,000 square metres (3,900,000 sq ft).)

In the castle category, Prague and Malbork castles claim to be world's largest. However, despite its singular name, Prague Castle is not a single building. Like the Forbidden City, it comprises a number of palaces, temples, and halls (constructed over several centuries) that share a common defensive wall. Altogether, the complex covers 18 acres (7.3 ha), leading to the self-appointed title of largest coherent castle complex in the world.^[4]

Faux palaces

While many buildings carry the title of palace, they either are no longer, or were never intended to be, used as a royal residence, a sovereign's residence or an episcopal residence.

Romania's Palace of the Parliament contains 3,552,120 square feet (330,003 m²) of floorspace,^[5] it was never a royal residence, as Romania's last monarch was forced to abdicate in 1947, but it was the palace intended to be used by president Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's supreme ruler and dictator.

Britain's Palace of Westminster was built in the Middle Ages as a royal residence. It served as the principal residence of the monarch until 1522, when Henry VIII moved his court to the newly acquired Palace of Whitehall.^[6] Since that time, the palace at Westminster has been used by the House of Lords, the House of Commons and various courts. The majority of the medieval palace was destroyed by fire in 1834, with construction of the current building starting in 1840. The palace which now stands on the site was designed specifically for parliamentary use, however it is the property of the monarch in right of the Crown and retains its status as a royal residence. Very little of the medieval palace survived, but the most significant is Westminster Hall, built in 1097 during the reign of William II.

Converted palaces

Several palaces are former royal residences that reached their current grand sizes after they ceased being used as royal residences, and were converted to some other purpose.

The best example of such subsequent expansion is the Louvre Palace. As a royal residence, it was much smaller than the current Louvre Museum. The Louvre Palace was abandoned as a royal residence in 1682, when Louis XIV moved his court to the Palace of Versailles. The Louvre Palace was relegated to the role of displaying royal collections and hosting administrative services, and over the centuries, it went through several renovations, expansions and additions, including a significant one as an imperial project during the Second French Empire in the 19th century. It reached its current size of 2,260,421 square feet (210,000 m²) only in 1988, as the modern Louvre Museum.

Russia's Winter Palace and its annexes were not expanded after the Russian Revolution, but the State Hermitage Museum also occupies other buildings, which add to the size of the museum but not to the palace. The Winter Palace contained 2,511,705 square feet (233,345 m²) ^[7][8]of floorspace as a royal residence. However, the modern Hermitage Museum complex, centered on the Winter Palace, contains 1,978,622 square feet (183,820 m²) of floorspace.^[9] That includes the Small and the Old Hermitage buildings that were annexes to the main palace, which were used by the Imperial Court and are part of the palace complex. The same is true of the New Hermitage, which has been used as a museum for the Imperial collections ever since it was built. All three Hermitages and the Hermitage Theatre can thus be considered both independent buildings and wings of the Winter Palace.

Despite a size that overshadows most other great palaces in Europe, the Winter Palace does not contain as much floorspace since most of the state apartments in the northern and the eastern wings are two floors high.

Uninhabited palaces

With 1,453,122 square feet (134,999 m²) of floorspace,^[10] the Royal Palace of Madrid is often considered the largest functioning palace in Europe,^[1] as it is still used for state functions. Although Spanish monarchs once occupied it, the current King of Spain does not, instead living at the much smaller Palace of Zarzuela.

Although notably smaller than several other palaces throughout the world, with only 658,858 square feet (61,210 m²) of floorspace, the Royal Palace of Stockholm also claims to be "the largest palace in the world still used for its original purpose." Yet, like the Royal Palace of Madrid, it is not currently occupied, with Swedish monarchs instead occupying Drottningholm Palace.

Guinness World Record

While numerous claimants under the various measurements can be recognized, to be considered for the Guinness World Record the palace must have once been intended for use as a royal residence. This is controversial as the definition of a palace is the official residence of a sovereign, chief of state (as a monarch or a president), archbishop, bishop.^[11] Furthermore, only the combined area of all floors in the palace (a measurement commonly known as floorspace) is considered.

According to the Guinness World Records, Forbidden City holds the "largest palace in the world".^[12] The Istana Nurul Iman, with 2,152,782 square feet (200,000 m²) of floorspace,^[13] holds the title as the "world's largest residential palace" held in Brunei.^[14]

Largest former palace complexes

 

Roman villa in Neuchâtel, Switzerland

In ancient times palace buildings could be as large or even larger than existing palace buildings. One example is the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete. The palace, which started construction in 2000 BC, reached its largest size in 1500 BC with a size of 20,000 m² (215,278.208 ft²) and 1,300 rooms.^[15]

The Malkata palace complex was built by the Pharaoh Amenhotep III in the 14th century BC. The size of the palace complex is unknown, but it contained a T-shaped artificial lake covering an area of at least 2 km² (3.6 km² according to some estimates).^[16] The size of the main palace itself was 30,000 m².

The Basileia (royal quarter) of Alexandria is estimated to have covered an area of around 200 hectares (2,000,000 m²), though its exact size is uncertain. According to Strabo it took up a fourth or maybe even a third of the entire city. The complex included multiple palaces and royal residences, parks and gardens, the famous library of Alexandria, royal tombs (including the tomb of Alexander the Great), temples, a theatre, a gymnasium, a zoo, a citadel, a prison, the royal treasury and guest apartments.^[17][18]

The Roman emperor Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, Italy was a complex of over 30 buildings constructed between 118 and the 130s AD, covering an area of at least 250 acres (1,000,000 square metres (11,000,000 sq ft)) of which much is still unexcavated. The villa was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape. The complex included palaces, several thermae, theatre, temples, libraries, state rooms, and quarters for courtiers, praetorians, and slaves.^[19][20][21]

When Roman emperor Nero's "Golden House" (Domus Aurea) was built after the great fire of AD 64, the buildings covered up to 300 acres (1,214,056 square metres (13,067,990 sq ft)). The main villa of the complex had more than 300 rooms.^[22][23]

In 200 BC, the Weiyang Palace was built at the request of the Emperor Gaozu of Han, under the supervision of his prime minister, Xiao He. The palace survived until the Tang dynasty, when it was burnt down by marauding invaders en route to the Tang capital, Chang'an. It was the largest palace complex ever built on Earth,^[24] covering 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi), which is 6.7 times the size of the current Forbidden City, or 11 times the size of the Vatican City.

The Daming Palace was the imperial palace complex of the Tang dynasty in Chang'an. It served as the imperial residence of the Tang emperors for more than 220 years. In 634, the Emperor Taizong of Tang launched the construction of the Daming Palace at Longshou Plateau. He ordered the construction of the summer palace for his retired father, the Emperor Gaozu of Tang, as an act of filial piety. However, the Emperor Gaozu grew ill and never witnessed the palace's completion before his death in 635, and construction halted thereafter. Wu Zetian commissioned the court architect Yan Liben to design the palace in 660, and construction commenced once again in 662. In 663, the construction of the palace was completed under the reign of the Emperor Gaozong of Tang. The Emperor Gaozong had launched the extension of the palace with the construction of the Hanyuan Hall in 662, which was finished in 663. On 5 June 663, the Tang imperial family began to relocate from the Taiji Palace into the yet to be completed Daming Palace, which became the new seat of the imperial court and political center of the empire. The area of the palace complex was 3.11 km².

Comparison of world's largest palaces

	Name	Country	Place	Floor area	Notes	Source	Image
1	Louvre Palace	France	Paris	243,000 square metres (2,615,630 sq ft)	Royal residence of the kings of France for 300 years. Later converted into an art museum.	^[25]	Louvre Palace
2	Hofburg Palace	Austria	Vienna	240,000 square metres (2,583,339 sq ft)	Former imperial palace in the centre of Vienna. Part of the palace forms the official residence and workplace of the President of Austria. Built in the 13th century and expanded in the centuries since, the palace has housed some of the most powerful people in European and Austrian history, including monarchs of the Habsburg dynasty, rulers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was the principal imperial winter residence. The palace has 2600 rooms.	^[26]^[27]	Hofburg Palace
3	Winter Palace	Russia	Saint Petersburg	233,345 square metres (2,511,705 sq ft)	Used as the official residence and imperial palace of the Emperor of Russia between 1732 and 1917. Briefly served as the seat of the Provisional Government. Currently part of Hermitage Museum.	^[8]^[7]	The Winter Palace
4	Istana Nurul Iman	Brunei	Bandar Seri Begawan	200,000 square metres (2,152,782 sq ft)	Official residence of the Sultan of Brunei. The largest functioning royal palace in the world.	^[13]	Istana Nurul Iman Palace
5	Apostolic Palace	Vatican City	Vatican City	162,000 square metres (1,743,753 sq ft)	Official residence of the Pope. Current Papal Palace and Vatican Museums in Rome.	^[28]	Apostolic Palace
6	Forbidden City	China	Beijing	150,000 square metres (1,614,587 sq ft)	With an enclosed area of 720,000 square metres (180 acres), it is the world's largest palace complex. Originally the official residence of the Emperor of China. Currently operates the Palace Museum.	^[29]	Forbidden City
7	Malbork Castle	Poland	Malbork	143,000 square metres (1,539,239 sq ft)	Located in Poland, Malbork Castle is the largest castle in the world. The castle was founded in 1274 by the Teutonic Knights who used it as their headquarters to help defeat Polish enemies and rule their own northern Baltic territories. The castle was expanded several time to host the growing number of Knights until their retreat to Königsberg in 1466.	^[30]	Malbork Castle
8	Royal Palace of Caserta	Italy	Caserta	138,000 square metres (1,485,420 sq ft)	Former royal residence in Caserta, southern Italy, constructed by the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies as their main residence as kings of Naples. The palace has a rectangular plan, measuring 247 × 184 m, and the four sides are connected by two orthogonal arms, forming four inner courts. The size of the building is 47000 square meters including four courtyards of 3800 square meters each. The floorspace of all five storeys amount on 138000 square meters, with other 45000 square meters more added by the two-storeys basement. Without the courtyards, the size of the building is 31,800 square meters. Even without the surface area of the internal courtyards Caserta is the largest royal palace resulting from a single original project in the world in terms of volume, with more than 2 million m³ (71 million cu ft).	^[31]^[32]	Royal Palace of Caserta
9	Royal Palace of Madrid	Spain	Madrid	135,000 square metres (1,453,128 sq ft)	The largest functioning palace in Europe. Serves as the official residence of the Spanish royal family.	^[10]	Royal Palace of Madrid
10	Qasr Al Watan	United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi	134,275 square metres (1,445,324 sq ft)	The presidential palace of Abu Dhabi is used as primary governmental facility and receiving visiting dignitaries.The Palace is utilised to house the offices of the President, the Vice President, the Crown Prince, and the ministers. The western wing has halls which are used for meetings of the UAE Cabinet and Federal Supreme Council. The eastern wing has the "House of Knowledge" where a number of artefacts and other objects of importance are stored.	^[33]^[34]	Qasr Al Watan
11	Quirinal Palace	Italy	Rome	110,500 square metres (1,189,412 sq ft)	Former papal and royal palace and current presidential palace of the President of the Italian Republic. Originally intended to be the official residence of Napoleon Bonaparte. The presidential residence also has a garden with an area of 430,556 square feet (40,000.0 m^2).	^[35]^[36]	Quirinal Palace in Rome
12	Abdeen Palace	Egypt	Cairo	108,000 square metres (1,162,502 sq ft)	The construction of the palace begin in 1863 and it was officially opened in 1874. In 1921 Sultan Fuad I added the gardens. The total size of the palace complex is 192,000 square metres (2,070,000 sq ft). Serves as the official workplace of the President of Egypt.		Abdeen Palace
13	Umaid Bhawan Palace	India	Jodhpur	105,218 square metres (1,132,557 sq ft)	One of the world's largest private residences. The palace has 347 rooms and is the principal residence of the former Jodhpur royal family. A part of the palace is a museum.		Umaid Bhawan Palace
14	Falaknuma Palace	India	Hyderabad	93,971 square metres (1,011,495 sq ft)	Built in the year 1889 in Hyderabad, India it was owned by the Nizams, the rulers of the princely state of Hyderabad, until 1950. Currently operated as a luxury hotel by Taj Hotels.		Falaknuma Palace
15	Istana Negara	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	90,082 square metres (969,635 sq ft)	Istana Negara is the official residence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the monarch of Malaysia. It is located along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim in Segambut, northwestern Kuala Lumpur. The palace opened in 2011 and replaced the old Istana Negara which was located at a different compound in central Kuala Lumpur. The palace complex has an area of 97.65 hectares, 22 domes, and is split into three main portions: the Formal Component, Royal Component and Administration Component.	^[37]^[38]	Istana Negara
16	Binnenhof	Netherlands	The Hague	90,000 square metres (968,752 sq ft)	Built primarily in the 13th century, the castle originally functioned as residence of the counts of Holland and became the political centre of the Dutch Republic in 1584.		Binnenhof
17	Palace of Venaria	Italy	Venaria Reale	80,000 m^2 (861,112 ft^2)	Former residence of the Kings of Italy, It fell into disuse at the end of the 18th century until 1999, when its renovation began, leading to the largest restoration project in European history. Its area covers 950.000m² in premises with its gardens and pavillions.	^[39]^[40]	Palace of Venaria
18	Buckingham Palace	United Kingdom	London	77,000 square metres (828,821 sq ft)	A royal residence since George III bought Buckingham House in 1761 for his wife Queen Charlotte and has been the official London residence of the British sovereign since Queen Victoria took up residence in July 1837. The palace contains 775 rooms and has a garden 40 acres (16 ha) in size.	^[41]^[42]	Buckingham Palace
19	Çırağan Palace	Turkey	Istanbul	76,000 square metres (818,057 sq ft)	The palace, built by Sultan Abdulaziz, was designed by the Armenian palace architect Nigoğayos Balyan and constructed by his sons Sarkis and Hagop Balyan between 1863 and 1867, during a period in which all Ottoman sultans built their own palaces rather than using those of their ancestors; Çırağan Palace is the last example of this tradition.		Çırağan Palace
20	Prague Castle	Czech Republic	Prague	70,000 square metres (753,474 sq ft)	Seat of power for kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman emperors, presidents of Czechoslovakia and currently presidents of the Czech Republic. Dating back to the ninth century and at about 570 metres (1,870 ft) in length and an average of about 130 metres (430 ft) wide, the Guinness Book of Records lists Prague Castle as the largest ancient castle in the world.	^[43]	Prague Castle
21	Topkapi Palace	Turkey	Istanbul	70,000 square metres (753,474 sq ft)	Primary residence of the Ottoman Dynasty for approximately 400 years between the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The entire palace complex including grounds occupies 700,000 square metres (7,500,000 sq ft).	^[44]^[45]	Topkapi Palace
22	Mukden Palace	China	Shenyang	63,272 square metres (681,054 sq ft)	This was the former imperial palace of the early Manchu-led Qing dynasty. It was built in 1625, and the first three Qing emperors lived there from 1625 to 1644. Since the collapse of imperial rule in China, the palace has been converted to a museum that now lies in the center of Shenyang, Liaoning.	^[46]	Mukden Palace
23	Palace of Versailles	France	Versailles	63,154 square metres (679,784 sq ft)	World's largest royal domain with 87,728,720 square feet (8,150,265 m^2) or 2,014 acres of palace grounds. Constructed by King Louis XIV and used as the official seat of the King of France. Was the site of the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, the Proclamation of the German Empire, and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Currently used by the Congress of the French Parliament.	^[47]	Palace of Versailles
24	Royal Palace of Stockholm	Sweden	Stockholm	61,210 square metres (658,859 sq ft)	Claims to be world's largest palace still used for its original purpose, despite its smaller floor area. Used as the official residence of the Swedish sovereign.		Royal Palace of Stockholm
25	Prince Gong's Mansion	China	Beijing	61,120 square metres (657,890 sq ft)	it was constructed in 1777 during the Qing dynasty for Heshen, a prominent court official in the reign of the Qianlong Emperor infamous for being the most corrupt official in Chinese history.	^[48]^[49]	Prince Gong's Mansion
26	Mannheim Palace	Germany	Mannheim	60,000 square metres (645,835 sq ft)	Mannheimer Residenz is the main palace of the Prince-electors of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the House of Wittelsbach. The 6 ha (60,000 m^2) castle is one of Europe's largest palaces and the second largest baroque palace (after Versailles).		Mannheim Palace
27	Burghausen Castle	Germany	Burghausen	56,810^[50] square metres (611,498 sq ft)	Burghausen Castle is the longest and third largest castle complex in the world (1051 m), confirmed by the Guinness World Record company.^[51]		Burghausen Castle
28	Windsor Castle	United Kingdom	Windsor	54,835 square metres (590,239 sq ft)	Castle which dates back to around 1070 and has 5455 acres of royal parkland. Many famous people associated with British Royalty are buried in St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle including Henry VIII. It is also the World's largest and oldest inhabited castle.	^[30]	Windsor Castle
29	Christiansborg Palace	Denmark	Copenhagen	51,660 square metres (556,064 sq ft)	The seat of the Danish Parliament, the Prime Minister's Office and the Supreme Court. Also, several parts of the palace are used by the monarchy, including the Royal Reception Rooms, the Palace Chapel and the Royal Stables. Christiansborg Palace has a more than 800 year-long history as the state's centre of power as royal palace and parliament.^[52]^[53]	^[54]	Christiansborg Palace
30	Hampton Court Palace	United Kingdom	Richmond upon Thames	47,330 square metres (509,456 sq ft)	Palace dating back to 1515 containing 1000 rooms and grounds comprising 60 acres of formal gardens and 750 acres of royal parkland.	^[55]^[56]	Hampton Court
31	Palace of Fontainebleau	France	Fontainebleau	46,500 square metres (500,522 sq ft)	Castle dating back to 1137, continuously used by french monarchs up until 1870. It contains more than 1500 rooms, also houses the museum Napoleon I.	^[57]	Palace of Fontainebleau
32	Berlin Palace	Germany	Berlin	45,000 square metres (484,376 sq ft)	The former residence of the Hohenzollern dynasty, the rulers of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later the German Empire, was severely damaged in World War II. It was completely demolished in 1950 and 1951, although large parts of the palace were still standing. In its place, the German Democratic Republic built the Palace of the Republic. The Palace of the Republic was demolished between 2006 and 2008 due to asbestos contamination and the former Berlin Palace was reconstructed as the Humboldt Forum, a large museum, between 2013 and 2021.		Berlin Palace
33	Dolmabahçe Palace	Turkey	Istanbul	45,000 square metres (484,376 sq ft)	Located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Strait of Istanbul, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922.		A view of the palace from the Bosporus
34	Buda Castle	Hungary	Budapest	44,674 square metres (480,867 sq ft)	First completed in 1265, although the massive Baroque palace today occupying most of the site was built between 1749 and 1769. The complex in the past was referred to as the Royal Palace (Hungarian: Királyi-palota), with Hungarian & Habsburg Kings Residing in the residence. The castle now houses the Hungarian National Gallery and The Budapest History Museum.
35	Grand Serail	Lebanon	Beirut	39,970 square metres (430,233 sq ft)	Headquarters of the Prime Minister of Lebanon. Previously served as an Ottoman Army garrison, the headquarters of the French Governor of Syria and Lebanon, and the President of Lebanon's residence.		Hamidiyyeh Clock Tower
36	Mafra National Palace	Portugal	Mafra	39,948 square metres (429,997 sq ft)	The Mafra National Palace is a monumental Baroque and Italianized Neoclassical palace-monastery located in Mafra, Portugal.
37	Het Loo Palace	Netherlands	Appeldoorn	36,042 square metres (387,953 sq ft)	Is a Dutch Baroque Palace built between 1684 and 1686 for stadtholder-king William III and Mary II of England.
38	Royal Palace of Brussels	Belgium	Brussels	33,027 square metres (355,500 sq ft)	Palace in Brussels dating back to 1783. The Royal Palace of Brussels is the official palace of the Sovereign of Belgium, However it is not used as a royal residence, as the king and his family live in the Royal Castle of Laeken on the outskirts of Brussels.	^[58]	Bruxels April 2012-4
39	Palazzo Pitti	Italy	Florence	32,000 square metres (344,445 sq ft)	Renaissance, palace, the core of the present palazzo dates from 1458. The palace was bought by the Medici family in 1549 and became the chief residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. In the late 18th century, the palazzo was used as a power base by Napoleon, and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy. The complex also includes the Boboli Gardens (320,000 square metres (3,400,000 sq ft)).	^[59]	Palazzo Pitti
40	Frederiksborg Palace	Denmark	Hillerød	31,290 square metres (336,803 sq ft)	It was built as a royal residence for King Christian IV and is now a museum of national history. The current edifice replaced a previous castle erected by Frederick II and is the largest Renaissance palace in Scandinavia. The entire palace complex including grounds occupies 95 hectares (950,000 m^2).^[60]	^[61]	Frederiksborg Palace
41	Schoenbrunn Palace	Austria	Vienna	31,056 square metres (334,284 sq ft)	Baroque Palace dating back to the 1740s. The grounds of Schönbrunn, a World Heritage Site, cover 160 hectares. Served as the summer palace of the Habsburg monarchs.	^[62]^[63]	Schönbrunn, Viedeň, Rakúsko
42	Mufu Mansion	China	Lijiang	30,667 square metres (330,097 sq ft)	Mufu Palace or Mufu Mansion is located on the foot of Lion Mountain, The top ruler of Naxi minority Mu Family had been living in this palace since Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, totally 470 years with 22 generation rulers.	^[64]^[65]	Mufu Palace
43	El Escorial	Spain	San Lorenzo de El Escorial	30,658 square metres (330,000 sq ft)	Monastery of the Order of Saint Augustine, Royal Palace and Royal Pantheon.	^[66]	El Escorial
44	Kronborg	Denmark	Helsingør	28,724 square metres (309,183 sq ft)	Immortalized as Elsinore in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Kronborg is one of the most important Renaissance castles in Northern Europe and has been added to UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list (2000).^[67]^[68]	^[69]	Kronborg
45	Amalienborg	Denmark	Copenhagen	26,500 square metres (285,244 sq ft)	Home of the Danish royal family, It consists of four identical classical palace façades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard, in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's founder, King Frederick V.^[70]	^[71]	Amalienborg Palace
46	Yıldız Palace	Turkey	Istanbul	25,000 square metres (269,098 sq ft)	Yıldız Palace, meaning "Star Palace", was built in 1880 and was used by the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II. The area of the palace was originally made of natural woodlands and became an imperial estate during the reign of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–1617). Various sultans after Ahmed I enjoyed vacationing on these lands and Sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz built mansions here. The entire complex with various pavilions, kiosks, mosques and park consists 500,000 m2		Yıldız Palace
47	Grand Kremlin Palace	Russia	Moscow	24,100 square metres (259,410 sq ft)	It includes the earlier Terem Palace, nine churches from the 14th, 16th, and 17th centuries, the Holy Vestibule, and over 700 rooms.	^[72]	Grand Kremlin Palace
48	Munich Residenz	Germany	Munich	23,000 square metres (247,570 sq ft)	The Residenz, with its 130 rooms and ten courtyards, is the former royal palace of the Wittelsbach monarchs of Bavaria and the largest city palace in Germany. The three main parts are the Königsbau, the Alte Residenz and the Festsaalbau. A wing of the Festsaalbau also contains the Cuvilliés Theatre and the Herkulessaal (Hercules Hall). Also included in The Residenz is the Byzantine Court Church of All Saints (Allerheiligen-Hofkirche) and the Marstall, the building for the former Court Riding School and the royal stables.	^[73]	Munich Residenz
49	Royal Palace of Amsterdam	Netherlands	Amsterdam	22,031 square metres (237,140 sq ft)	The palace was built as a city hall during the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century. The building became the royal palace of King Louis Napoleon and later of the Dutch Royal House. It is often considered as the Eighth Wonder of the World.
50	Jelgava palace	Latvia	Jelgava	21,000 square metres (226,042 sq ft)	The Jelgava palace was being constructed from 1738 to 1772 in Mitau (modern day Jelgava), Latvia with it never being fully completed. It was built for the dukes of Courland but after the annexation of the country by the Russian empire, it became the residence of the governors of Courland. After being destroyed in World War II its interior was gutted and it became The University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Though attempts are being made in co-operation with Rundāle palace to restore a few rooms.
51	Schloss Charlottenburg	Germany	Berlin	20,600^[74] square metres (221,737 sq ft)	The former residence of the Hohenzollern dynasty was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during the 18th century. Lavish internal decoration in Baroque and Rococo styles show its rich history. A large formal garden surrounds the palace. During the Second World War, the palace was badly damaged but has since been rebuilt. The palace with its gardens is a major tourist attraction in Berlin.		Berlin Palace
52	Rashtrapati Bhavan	India	Delhi	215,300 square feet (20,000 m^2)	The official presidential palace of the Republic of India. Originally constructed for the British Governor-General of India.	^[75]	Rashtrapati Bhavan
53	Ras El Tin Palace	Egypt	Alexandria	17,000 square metres (182,986 sq ft)	Construction began in 1834, taking eleven years to complete the original design in 1845. Complementary work and the construction of additional wings continued for two more years until 1847, when it was officially inaugurated by Muhammed Ali of Egypt.		Ras El Tin Palace
54	Soestdijk Palace	Netherlands	Baarn	9,000 square metres (96,875 sq ft)	It was the home for over six decades of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard until their deaths in 2004.
55	Huis ten Bosch	Netherlands	The Hague	8,785 square metres (94,561 sq ft)	Huis ten Bosch was the former home of Queen Beatrix from 1981 to her abdication in 2014; King Willem-Alexander and his family moved in on 13 January 2019. A replica of the palace was built in Sasebo, Japan, in a theme park bearing the same name.
56	Raj Bhavan, Kolkata	India	Kolkata	7,804 square metres (84,002 sq ft)	Raj Bhavan is the official residence of the governor of West Bengal, located in Kolkata, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Built in 1803, it was known as Government House before Indian independence.

References

1. "Palacio Real". Cyberspain.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
2. "Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace".
3. "Structure of Potala Palace".
4. "Visit to Prague Castle". hrad.cz. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
5. "PALACE OF THE PARLIAMENT". cdep.ro. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
6. . parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
7. "Hermitage official website".
8. https://www.historyhit.com/locations/the-winter-palace/
9. . spb-rf.ru. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
10. Royal Palace of Madrid statistics verified by official website, See also Palacio Real (Cyberspain)
11. "Palace | Definition of Palace by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
12. . Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
13. Bartholomew, James. The Richest Man in the World, Penguin Books Ltd; New Ed edition (February 22, 1990). ISBN 0-14-010890-4, ISBN 978-0-14-010890-3
14. "Largest residential palace". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
15. Belozerskaya, M.; Lapatin, K.D.S. (2004). Ancient Greece: Art, Architecture, and History. J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 12. ISBN 9780892366958. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
16. "Ancient Egypt Online".
17. Nielsen, Inge (1999). Hellenistic palaces : tradition and renewal. Aarhus University Press. ISBN 87-7288-645-5. OCLC 42003409.
18. Riedel, Stefan (2020). Die Basileia von Alexandria : Topographisch-urbanistische Untersuchungen zum ptolemäischen Königsviertel. Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-58742-4. OCLC 1334535064.
19. MacDonald, W.L.; Pinto, J.A. (1995). Hadrian's Villa and Its Legacy. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300068511. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
20. Watkin, D. (2005). A History of Western Architecture. Laurence King Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 9781856694599. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
21. Balmer, J.; Swisher, M.T. (2012). Diagramming the Big Idea: Methods for Architectural Composition. Taylor & Francis. p. 139. ISBN 9781136245459. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
22. Rodgers, N.; Dodge, H. (2007). Life in Ancient Rome: people and places : an illustrated reference to the art, architecture, religion, society and culture of the Roman world with over 450 pictures, maps and artworks. Hermes House. ISBN 9781844777457. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
23. "Saving the Golden House - Archaeology Magazine". archaeology.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
24. Spilsbury, Louise (2019). Ancient China. p. 20. ISBN 9781515725596.
25. Christine Cuny. "Dossier de presse - Projet Pyramide". Retrieved 5 July 2016. (PDF)
26. Douer, A.; Haupt, H. (1998). Wien, Heldenplatz: Mythen und Massen 1848-1998. Mandelbaum. ISBN 9783854760160. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
27. . hofburg-wien.at. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
28. http://translate.google.it/translate?sl=it&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=it&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Favirel.unitus.it%2Fbd%2Fautori%2Fcallari%2Fpalazzi_roma%2Fpalazzi_monumentali.html 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine See the voice Vatican Palace
29. "unescoworldheritagesites.com". Retrieved 9 February 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}
30. "10 Largest Castles in the World (with Photos & Map) - Touropia". touropia.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
31. "Palazzo Reale". Sito ufficiale della Reggia di Caserta (in Italian). Ministero della cultura. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
32. Source of datas: "La reggia della Meraviglia", curated by Ottavio Ragone, Conchita Sannino e Antonio Ferrara, Guida Editori, 2022, pag. 19: "una superficie di 138 mila mq nei cinque piani fuori terra e 45.000 mq nei due interrati".
33. "- Public places - PRESIDENTIAL PALACE ABU DHABI - UAE". www.annibalecolombo.com. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
34. Sebugwaawo, Ismail. "Your ultimate guide to UAE's latest landmark Qasr Al Watan". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
35. "Il sito ufficiale della Presidenza della Repubblica | official Italian Republic's Presidency website". quirinale.it. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
36. . loveforitaly.it. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
37. "Pembinaan Istana Negara, Jalan Duta". malay.wiki. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
38. "ISTANA NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR". pengurusan.istananegara.gov.my. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
39. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Restored Venaria Reale Palace re-opens". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
40. "History in brief". La Venaria Reale. 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
41. . royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
42. Goodey, Emma (12 November 2015). "Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace | The Royal Family". The Royal Family. royal.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
43. . Archived from the original on 21 July 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
44. . MyDestination.com Istanbul Travel. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
45. "best-of-istanbul.com". Retrieved 9 February 2015.
46. "Mukden Palace: History, Ticket, Attractions, Transportation & Map". www.chinadiscovery.com. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
47. Welcome to Versailles
48. "文化和旅游部恭王府博物馆". www.pgm.org.cn. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
49. Li, Raymond (24 August 2008). "Mansion of notorious Qing official draws large crowds for opening". South China Morning Post. from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
50. https://czech-castles.blogspot.com/2009/03/worlds-largest-castle.html
51. "Longest castle". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
52. "Lov om Dronning Margrethe den Andens civilliste" [Act on Queen Margrethe the Second's civil list] (in Danish). Retsinformation.dk. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
53. "kongehuset.dk/english/palaces/christiansborg-palace/christiansborg-palace". kongehuset.dk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
54. "Christiansborg Slot - Slotte og haver - Kongelige Slotte". christiansborg.dk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
55. "Archived copy". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
56. "www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court". hrp.org.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
57. "Le château de Fontainebleau en chiffres". Passerelles (in French). Retrieved 2023-02-11.
58. "Royal Palace of Brussels | The Belgian Monarchy". monarchie.be. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
59. "Guida artistica di Firenze". mega.it. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
60. "Elevation of Frederiksborg Castle 3400 Hillerod with altitude and height". elevationmap.net. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
61. . slke.dk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
62. "Schönbrunn". schoenbrunn.at. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
63. "Panorama train – Tiergarten Schönbrunn". zoovienna.at. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
64. "Mufu Palace in Lijiang Yunnan, Lijiang Naxi Mu Family Mansion Introduction". www.topchinatravel.com. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
65. "丽江木府：称雄四百年的云南土司_木增". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2022-06-05.^{[permanent dead link]}
66. . easyhiker.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
67. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Kronborg Castle – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
68. "Elevation of Kronborg Kronborg 2c 3000 Helsingor with altitude and height". elevationmap.net. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
69. . kronborg.dk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
70. "Elevation of Amalienborg Amalienborg Slotsplads 5 1257 Kobenhavn K with altitude and height". elevationmap.net. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
71. . slke.dk. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
72. "University of notre dame". Retrieved 9 February 2015.
73. "Residenz München". Bayerische Schlösserverwaltung.
74. https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article209427263/Das-Schloss-Charlottenburg-strahlt-wieder.html
75. "Overview of Rashtrapati Bhavan". presidentofindia.nic.in. Retrieved 3 March 2017.