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List of Celtic deities

January 12, 2023

Main article: Celtic deities

The Celtic deities are known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, as well as place and personal names.

Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. General deities were known by the Celts throughout large regions, and are the gods and goddesses called upon for protection, healing, luck, and honour. The local deities from Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas.

After Celtic lands became Christianised, there were attempts by Christian writers to euhemerize or even demonize most of the pre-Christian deities, while a few others became Saints in the church. The Tuatha Dé Danann of Irish mythology, who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors, were downgraded in Christian writings to, at best "fallen angels", or mere mortals, or even portrayed as demons.

Ancient Gaulish and Brittonic deities

The Gauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Belgium, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Luxembourg and northern Italy. They spoke Gaulish. The Celtic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke Common Brittonic or British.

Female

Male

Iberian Celtic deities

The Celtiberians and Gallaecians were ancient Celtic peoples in Iberia. They spoke Hispano-Celtic languages.

Female

Male

Gaelic deities and characters

Main article: Tuatha Dé Danann

The Gaels inhabited Ireland and parts of western Scotland. They spoke Goidelic languages.

Female

Male

Brythonic deities and characters

The Brythonic peoples, descendants of the Celtic Britons, inhabited western Britain (mainly Wales, Cumbria and Cornwall) and Brittany. They spoke the Brythonic languages.

Female

Male

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f MacCulloch.
  2. ^ Mees 68.
  3. ^ a b c d Murley 90.
  4. ^ a b c Adkins and Adkins, 283.
  5. ^ Anwyl 38.
  6. ^ de Bernardo Stempel; Kos.
  7. ^ Nicholson 132.
  8. ^ a b Adkins 294.
  9. ^ Nicholson 137.
  10. ^ a b c d e Freeman 4.
  11. ^ Nicholson xvi.
  12. ^ a b Olivares Pedreño 635.
  13. ^ Murley 87.
  14. ^ Anwyl 41.
  15. ^ Murley 87.
  16. ^ Nicholson 160.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g Murley v.
  18. ^ a b c Tabbernee.
  19. ^ Anwyl 39.
  20. ^ CIL XIII, 06572, CIL XIII, 04507, CIL XIII, 06455
  21. ^ Dimitz 15.
  22. ^ Koch 849.
  23. ^ Roymans and Derks 134.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Arenas-Esteban 110.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Olivares Pedreño 610.
  26. ^ a b Arenas-Esteban 112.
  27. ^ Olivares Pedreño 614.
  28. ^ Olivares Pedreño 611.
  29. ^ Rankin 263.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Arenas-Esteban 111.
  31. ^ Simón.
  32. ^ Olivares Pedreño 610.
  33. ^ Olivares Pedreño 638.
  34. ^ a b c Olivares Pedreño 609.
  35. ^ Olivares Pedreño 612.
  36. ^ Dorsey 59.
  37. ^ Olivares Pedreño 636.
  38. ^ Olivares Pedreño 626.
  39. ^ Olivares Pedreño 627.
  40. ^ Olivares Pedreño 607.
  41. ^ Olivares Pedreño 632.
  42. ^ Olivares Pedreño 631.
  43. ^ Coulter and Turner 151.
  44. ^ Lurker 13.
  45. ^ a b c d Koch 1693-1697.
  46. ^ a b c Williams 28.
  47. ^ MacCulloch 101.
  48. ^ Green 18.
  49. ^ Williams 81
  50. ^ Coulter and Turner 155.
  51. ^ Williams 18.
  52. ^ Coulter and Turner 165.

Works cited

  • Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to life in ancient Rome (Updated ed.). New York: Facts on file. p. 283. ISBN 0-8160-5026-0.
  • Anwyl, Edward (1906). Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times. Andover-Harvard Theological Library.
  • Arenas-Esteban, J. Alberto (2010). Celtic religion across space and time: fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm. Toledo: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. ISBN 978-84-7788-589-4.
  • de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2003). "Die sprachliche Analyse keltischer Theonyme". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 53 (1): 41–69. doi:10.1515/ZCPH.2003.41.
  • Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-57958-270-2.
  • Dimitz, August. History of Carniola. Vol. I.
  • Dorcey, Peter F. (1992). The cult of Silvanus: a study in Roman folk religion. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09601-9.
  • Freeman, Philip (2017). Celtic Mythology: Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes. Oxford UP. ISBN 978-0-19-046047-1.
  • "Greek & Roman Mythology - Tools". http://www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?regexp=RHEA&method=standard.
  • Green, Miranda Jane (1993). Celtic myths. Austin: U of Texas P. ISBN 0-292-72754-2.
  • Keating, Geoffrey (1857). The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion. P. M. Haverty.
  • Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
  • Kos, Marjeta Šašel (2008). "Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Reliogione Celtiche: A cura di Antonio Sartori" [Celtic divinities from Celeia and its territory: who were the dedicators?]. Quaderni di Acme. 104. CISALPINO: Istituto Editoriale Universitario. Milano: 284–86. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Lurker, Manfred (2004). The Routledge dictionary of gods, goddesses, devils and demons (2 ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-34018-7.
  • MacCulloch, J. A. (1911). The Religion of the Ancient Celts. Edinburgh: Clark.
  • Mees, Bernard (2009). Celtic Curses. Boydell. ISBN 9781843834571.
  • Murley, Joseph Clyde (1922). The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions. The Collegiate Press.
  • Nicholson, Edward Williams Byron (1904). Keltic researches: Studies in the History and Distribution of the Ancient Goidelic Language and Peoples. Oxford UP.
  • Olivares Olivares Pedreño, Juan Carlos (2005). "Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula". e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 6: 607–649.
  • Rankin, David (1998). Celts and the classical world. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15090-6.
  • Roymans, Nico; Derks, Ton, eds. (2009). Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition. Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP. ISBN 978-90-8964-078-9.
  • Williams, Mark Andrew (2016). Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth. Princeton UP. ISBN 9780691157313.

January 12, 2023
list, celtic, deities, main, article, celtic, deities, celtic, deities, known, from, variety, sources, such, written, celtic, mythology, ancient, places, worship, statues, engravings, religious, objects, well, place, personal, names, celtic, deities, belong, c. Main article Celtic deities The Celtic deities are known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology ancient places of worship statues engravings religious objects as well as place and personal names Celtic deities can belong to two categories general and local General deities were known by the Celts throughout large regions and are the gods and goddesses called upon for protection healing luck and honour The local deities from Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape such as mountains trees or rivers and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas After Celtic lands became Christianised there were attempts by Christian writers to euhemerize or even demonize most of the pre Christian deities while a few others became Saints in the church The Tuatha De Danann of Irish mythology who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors were downgraded in Christian writings to at best fallen angels or mere mortals or even portrayed as demons Contents 1 Ancient Gaulish and Brittonic deities 1 1 Female 1 2 Male 2 Iberian Celtic deities 2 1 Female 2 2 Male 3 Gaelic deities and characters 3 1 Female 3 2 Male 4 Brythonic deities and characters 4 1 Female 4 2 Male 5 References 6 Works citedAncient Gaulish and Brittonic deities EditThe Gauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern day France Belgium Switzerland southern and western Germany Luxembourg and northern Italy They spoke Gaulish The Celtic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke Common Brittonic or British Female Edit Abnoba Gaulish goddess worshipped in the Black Forest Acionna Gallic goddess of the river Essonne 1 Adsagsona Gallic goddess of magic named on the Larzac tablet 2 Adsullata goddess of the River Sava Agrona hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the River Ayr Alantedoba a goddess in Val Camonica 3 Ancamna Gallic goddess in the Moselle Valley Ancasta Brittonic goddess of Clausentum Andarta Gallic goddess Andrasta Brittonic goddess of victory Annea Clivana Gallic goddess of the Cenomani Apadeva a water goddess 4 Arduinna Gallic goddess of the Ardennes Forest Arnemetia Brittonic goddess of nemetons Artio Gallic goddess of the bear Axona Gallic goddess of the river Aisne 5 Belisama Gallic and Brittonic goddess Bergusia Gallic goddess of Alesia companion of Ucuetis Bormana Gallic goddess of mineral springs companion of Bormanos Bricta Brixta Gallic goddess of Luxeuil mineral springs companion of Luxovios Brigantia Brittonic goddess of the Brigantes Carpundia a river goddess 1 Carvonia a goddess in Noricum 6 Cathubodua Gallic war goddess Caticatona a Gallic water goddess in Rauranum 7 Cissonia a Gallic goddess of trade companion of Cissonius 4 Clota hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the River Clyde 1 Coventina Brittonic goddess of wells and springs Damona Gallic goddess of mineral springs consort of Apollo Borvo and of Apollo Moritasgus Dea Latis Brittonic goddess of bogs and pools 8 companion of Deus Latis Dea Matrona divine mother goddess and goddess of the River Marne in Gaul Divona 9 Gallic goddess of sacred springs and rivers Epona fertility goddess protector of horses Erecura chthonic goddess 1 companion of Dis Pater 10 Icauna Gallic goddess of the river Yonne Icovellauna Gallic goddess in the Moselle Valley Imona a Gallic well goddess in Rauranum 11 Inciona a Gallic goddess of the Treveri Lerina Gallic patron goddess of Lerins Islands companion of Lero Litavis a Gallic earth goddess Maiabus a Gallic goddess in Metz 12 Matronae Dervonnae Gallic mother goddesses in Cisalpine Gaul 13 14 Matronae Vediantiae Deae Vediantiae Gallic mother goddesses in Alpes Maritimae 15 Maximia fountain goddess in Amelie les Bains 16 Nehalennia a sea goddess in Zealand Nantosuelta Gallic goddess companion of Sucellos Ricagambeda Brittonic goddess Ritona Pritona Gallic goddess of the Treveri Rosmerta Gallic goddess of fertility and abundance Sabrina Brittonic goddess of the River Severn Seixomniai Leuciticai a Celtic goddess equated with Diana 17 Senuna a Brittonic goddess Sequana Gallic goddess of the River Seine Sirona Gallic goddess of healing Suleviae a triune mother goddess Sulis Brittonic goddess of the healing spring at Aquae Sulis Bath Tamesis Brittonic goddess of the River Thames Veica Noriceia a goddess attested in Noricum 17 Verbeia Brittonic goddess of the River Wharfe Vesunna Gallic goddess of the Petrocorii 1 Vibes a goddess in Noricum 18 Male Edit Abandinus a Brittonic god of Durovigutum Alaunus Alaunos a Gallic god of healing and prophecy Alisanos a Gallic god Alus an agricultural god of Cisalpine Gaul 3 Ambisagrus a god in Aquileia Arubianus a god in Noricum 18 Atepomarus a Gallic horse god Bedaius a lake god in Noricum 18 Belatucadros Bitucadros a Brittonic god Belenus Belenos a god of healing Bergimus a mountain god of Cisalpine Gaul 17 Borvo Bormanos god of healing springs Brasennus a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul 3 Caletos 19 Caturix war god of the Helvetii Cernunnos Carnonos an antlered god Cissonius a Gallic god of trade 4 Mars Cnabetius a Gallic god of war 20 Condatis a Gallic and Brittonic god of the confluences of rivers Cunomaglus a Brittonic hunter god 10 Cuslanus a god in Cisalpine Gaul associated with Jupiter 3 Deus Latis a Brittonic god Deus Ducavavius a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul 17 Deus Orevaius a god known from a lone inscription at Cemenelum 17 Dorminus god of the hot springs at Aquae Statiellae 17 Intarabus a Gallic god of the Treveri Esus a Gallic god Glanis Gallic god of Glanum Gobannus Gobannos a Gallic and Brittonic smith god Grannus a healing god 10 Ialonus Contrebis a Brittonic and Gallic god Latobius a god in Noricum 21 Lero Gallic patron god of Lerins Islands 8 Loucetios a Gallic god of thunder Maponos a Brittonic and Gallic god of youth Matunos a Brittonic and Gallic bear god Moccus a Gallic god of boars and pigs Moritasgus Gallic healing god of Alesia Mullo a Gallic god in Armorica Nemausus Gallic god of Nimes Niskus a Brittonic river god Nodens Nodons a Brittonic god of healing dogs and hunting Ogmios a Gallic god of eloquence Paronnus a god known from a lone inscription at Brixia 17 Rudiobus a Gallic god in Loiret Smertrios a Gallic god Souolibrogenos a Galatian god 22 Sucellus Sucellos a Gallic and Brittonic god of agriculture and wine Tavianos a Galatian god 23 Taranis Tanaros a god of thunder Toutatis a tribal protector god Telesphorus a Galatian god Tridamos a Brittonic god Ucuetis Gallic blacksmith god of Alesia Vellaunus a Brittonic and Gallic god Vernostonos a Brittonic god Vindonnus an epithet for Belenus Vinotonus a Brittonic god of Lavatrae Viridios a Brittonic god of Ancaster Virotutis a Gallic epithet of Apollo Visucius a Gallo Roman god of trade Vosegus Gallic god of the Vosges MountainsIberian Celtic deities EditThe Celtiberians and Gallaecians were ancient Celtic peoples in Iberia They spoke Hispano Celtic languages Female Edit Asidiae 24 Ataegina Ataecina 25 Besencla Besenclae a community and house protector 24 Broeneiae 24 Coruae 24 Cosuneae 24 Crougeae Corougiae Deae sanctae Burrulobrigensi 24 Deiba 26 Epane Epona Iccona Erbina a goddess of wild animals hunting and domestic security 25 Ermae 24 Flauiae Conimbriga Flauiae Conimbrigae 24 Ilurbeda 27 Lacipaea Lacibia Lacibea 25 Laneana Laneanis a goddess of springs and floods 25 Losa 28 Luna Augusta 29 Mirobleo 30 Munidis 25 Nabia Navia versatile goddess 25 Nymphis 30 Ocrimirae 30 Reva Reua personification of water flows 31 Toga 25 Trebaruna 25 Trebopala Tutelae 30 Male Edit Aernus 32 24 Aetio 24 Araco 24 Ares Lusitani Bandua 33 Bormanicus Bormo Borvo Cariocecus Carneo 24 Cohue 34 Cosus Cossue Coso 35 Crouga 34 Duberdicus 24 Deo Nemedeco 30 Deo Paramaeco 30 Endovelicus 12 24 Erriapus 36 Issibaeo 24 Kuanikio Quangeio Quangeius 37 Lugus 34 Mermandiceo 30 Picio 30 Reo 38 Salama 39 Sucellus 40 Tabaliaenus 41 Tabudico 30 Tongoenabiagus Turiacus 30 Vorteaeceo 26 Visucius 42 Gaelic deities and characters EditMain article Tuatha De Danann The Gaels inhabited Ireland and parts of western Scotland They spoke Goidelic languages Female Edit Achtland Aibell Aimend Aife Aine Airmed goddess of healing and herbalism 43 Anu probable goddess of the earth and fertility 44 called mother of the Irish gods in Cormac s Glossary 45 Bec Bebinn Befind Be Chuille Bodhmall Boann goddess of the River Boyne called Bouvinda by Ptolemy 46 Brigid Brigit called a goddess of poets in Cormac s Glossary 45 with her sisters Brigid the healer and Brigid the smith 47 Caillech Beira Birog an ancestral creator and weather goddess Canola Carman Cethlenn wife of Balor of the Fomorians Clidna 1 Clothru Danand Danu Deirdre the foremost tragic heroine in Irish legend Duibne attested as Dovinia in Archaic Irish and preserved in the name of the Corcu Duibne 46 Eriu Banba amp Fodla tutelary triumvirate of goddesses sisters eponymous for Ireland mainly Eriu Ernmas Etain the heroine of Tochmarc Etaine Ethniu Ethliu the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor and the mother of Lugh Fand Finnabair 10 Flidais Fuamnach Grainne Grian Li Ban Loigde attested as Logiddea in Archaic Irish and preserved in the name of the Corcu Loigde 46 Macha Medb Medb Lethderg Mongfind The Morrigan Badb Nemain also known as The Thee Morrigna Mor Muman Mugain Niamh Sadhbh Tailtiu Tlachtga Male Edit Abarta Abcan Abhean Aed Aengus oengus Macan Ailill Aillen Ai Balor Bith Bodb Dearg Bres Builg a god of the Fir Bholg 48 Cermait Cian Cichol Conand Crom Cruach The Dagda Daire Dian Cecht called a god of health in Cormac s Glossary 49 Donn 50 Ecne Elatha Goibniu Credne amp Luchta called the three gods of craft 45 Labraid Len Lir Lugh also attested as Lugus in Archaic Irish 51 Mac Cuill Mac Cecht Mac Greine Manannan mac Lir Miach Midir Mug Ruith Neit called a god of war in Cormac s Glossary 45 Nuada Nechtan Elcmar 52 Ogma Tethra Tuirenn Delbaeth Brythonic deities and characters EditThe Brythonic peoples descendants of the Celtic Britons inhabited western Britain mainly Wales Cumbria and Cornwall and Brittany They spoke the Brythonic languages Female Edit Arianrhod Blodeuwedd Branwen Ceridwen Creiddylad Creirwy Don Gwenhwyfar Modron possible derivation of Dea Matrona Nimue Olwen Rhiannon Male Edit Afallach Amaethon Arawn king of the otherworld realm of Annwn Beli Mawr Bladud Bendigeidfran Bran the Blessed Culhwch Dylan ail Don Efnysien Euroswydd Gilfaethwy Gofannon Govannon a smith god Gwern 10 Gwydion Gwyddno Garanhir Gwyn ap Nudd Hafgan Lludd Llaw Eraint Nudd Llŷr Mabon Matholwch Manawydan Nisien Nissien Nissyen Pryderi Pwyll Taliesin YsbaddadenReferences Edit a b c d e f MacCulloch Mees 68 a b c d Murley 90 a b c Adkins and Adkins 283 Anwyl 38 de Bernardo Stempel Kos Nicholson 132 a b Adkins 294 Nicholson 137 a b c d e Freeman 4 Nicholson xvi a b Olivares Pedreno 635 Murley 87 Anwyl 41 Murley 87 Nicholson 160 a b c d e f g Murley v a b c Tabbernee Anwyl 39 CIL XIII 06572 CIL XIII 04507 CIL XIII 06455 Dimitz 15 Koch 849 Roymans and Derks 134 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Arenas Esteban 110 a b c d e f g h Olivares Pedreno 610 a b Arenas Esteban 112 Olivares Pedreno 614 Olivares Pedreno 611 Rankin 263 a b c d e f g h i j Arenas Esteban 111 Simon Olivares Pedreno 610 Olivares Pedreno 638 a b c Olivares Pedreno 609 Olivares Pedreno 612 Dorsey 59 Olivares Pedreno 636 Olivares Pedreno 626 Olivares Pedreno 627 Olivares Pedreno 607 Olivares Pedreno 632 Olivares Pedreno 631 Coulter and Turner 151 Lurker 13 a b c d Koch 1693 1697 a b c Williams 28 MacCulloch 101 Green 18 Williams 81 Coulter and Turner 155 Williams 18 Coulter and Turner 165 Works cited EditAdkins Lesley Adkins Roy A 2004 Handbook to life in ancient Rome Updated ed New York Facts on file p 283 ISBN 0 8160 5026 0 Anwyl Edward 1906 Celtic Religion in Pre Christian Times Andover Harvard Theological Library Arenas Esteban J Alberto 2010 Celtic religion across space and time fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm Toledo Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha ISBN 978 84 7788 589 4 de Bernardo Stempel Patrizia 2003 Die sprachliche Analyse keltischer Theonyme Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie 53 1 41 69 doi 10 1515 ZCPH 2003 41 Coulter Charles Russell Turner Patricia 2000 Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn ISBN 1 57958 270 2 Dimitz August History of Carniola Vol I Dorcey Peter F 1992 The cult of Silvanus a study in Roman folk religion Leiden Brill ISBN 90 04 09601 9 Freeman Philip 2017 Celtic Mythology Tales of Gods Goddesses and Heroes Oxford UP ISBN 978 0 19 046047 1 Greek amp Roman Mythology Tools http www classics upenn edu myth php tools dictionary php regexp RHEA amp method standard Green Miranda Jane 1993 Celtic myths Austin U of Texas P ISBN 0 292 72754 2 Keating Geoffrey 1857 The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion P M Haverty Koch John T 2006 Celtic Culture A Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO ISBN 1 85109 440 7 Kos Marjeta Sasel 2008 Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Reliogione Celtiche A cura di Antonio Sartori Celtic divinities from Celeia and its territory who were the dedicators Quaderni di Acme 104 CISALPINO Istituto Editoriale Universitario Milano 284 86 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Lurker Manfred 2004 The Routledge dictionary of gods goddesses devils and demons 2 ed London Routledge ISBN 0 415 34018 7 MacCulloch J A 1911 The Religion of the Ancient Celts Edinburgh Clark Mees Bernard 2009 Celtic Curses Boydell ISBN 9781843834571 Murley Joseph Clyde 1922 The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions The Collegiate Press Nicholson Edward Williams Byron 1904 Keltic researches Studies in the History and Distribution of the Ancient Goidelic Language and Peoples Oxford UP Olivares Olivares Pedreno Juan Carlos 2005 Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula e Keltoi Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies 6 607 649 Rankin David 1998 Celts and the classical world London Routledge ISBN 0 415 15090 6 Roymans Nico Derks Ton eds 2009 Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity The Role of Power and Tradition Amsterdam Amsterdam UP ISBN 978 90 8964 078 9 Williams Mark Andrew 2016 Ireland s Immortals A History of the Gods of Irish Myth Princeton UP ISBN 9780691157313 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Celtic deities amp oldid 1126501529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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