Linaria purpurea or purple toadflax is a purple-flowered plant native to Italy, part of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It is sometimes planted in gardens and is also an introduced weed in North America and other parts of Europe.[2][3]
It is a perennialherbaceous plant growing 30 to 70 centimeters tall with linear leaves 2 to 5 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. The flower is between 1 and 2 centimeters long with five lobes arranged into two lips with a spur at the end. The flower is usually light to medium purple in color. The fruit is a capsule.
There is a pale pink cultivar of the species named 'Canon Went'.[4]
Range
It is native to Italy,[5] but it can be found growing wild as an introduced species in parts of western North America, including California,[6] western Washington,[7] and British Columbia,[3] and it is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[8] It occurs naturally in moist, moderately nutrient-rich places. In the UK it is regarded as something of a weed, spreading readily on stony waste ground and walls, although it is tolerated for its attractive, long-lasting flowers which are very attractive to bees.[9]
Toxicity and chemistry
This plant is poisonous to livestock, though ruminants may tend to avoid consuming it. The larvae of some species of Lepidoptera (butterflies) use this plant as a food source.[10] In a recent study conducted in Italy the plant was found to contain a compound exhibiting antifungal activity, which drastically reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus flavus Link., making it a potential natural and 'green' anti-aflatoxin B1 agent suitable for use in the food industry.[11]
References
^The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 13 September 2016
^ abUSDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Linaria purpurea". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
Media related to Linaria purpurea at Wikimedia Commons
February 24, 2023
linaria, purpurea, purple, toadflax, purple, flowered, plant, native, italy, part, plantain, family, plantaginaceae, sometimes, planted, gardens, also, introduced, weed, north, america, other, parts, europe, scientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tra. Linaria purpurea or purple toadflax is a purple flowered plant native to Italy part of the plantain family Plantaginaceae It is sometimes planted in gardens and is also an introduced weed in North America and other parts of Europe 2 3 Linaria purpureaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily PlantaginaceaeGenus LinariaSpecies L purpureaBinomial nameLinaria purpurea L Mill Synonyms 1 Antirrhinum purpureum L Termontis purpurea L Raf Contents 1 Description 2 Range 3 Toxicity and chemistry 4 References 5 External linksDescription Edit Flowers It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 30 to 70 centimeters tall with linear leaves 2 to 5 centimeters in length The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem The flower is between 1 and 2 centimeters long with five lobes arranged into two lips with a spur at the end The flower is usually light to medium purple in color The fruit is a capsule There is a pale pink cultivar of the species named Canon Went 4 Range EditIt is native to Italy 5 but it can be found growing wild as an introduced species in parts of western North America including California 6 western Washington 7 and British Columbia 3 and it is cultivated as an ornamental plant 8 It occurs naturally in moist moderately nutrient rich places In the UK it is regarded as something of a weed spreading readily on stony waste ground and walls although it is tolerated for its attractive long lasting flowers which are very attractive to bees 9 Toxicity and chemistry EditThis plant is poisonous to livestock though ruminants may tend to avoid consuming it The larvae of some species of Lepidoptera butterflies use this plant as a food source 10 In a recent study conducted in Italy the plant was found to contain a compound exhibiting antifungal activity which drastically reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus flavus Link making it a potential natural and green anti aflatoxin B1 agent suitable for use in the food industry 11 References Edit The Plant List A Working List of All Plant Species retrieved 13 September 2016 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 a b USDA NRCS n d Linaria purpurea The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 26 January 2016 Linaria purpurea Canon Went purple toadflax Canon Went Herbaceous Perennial RHS Gardening Linaria purpurea Germplasm Resources Information Network GRIN Agricultural Research Service ARS United States Department of Agriculture USDA Retrieved 19 January 2018 Jepson Manual Treatment Burke Museum Kemper Garden Center Alys Fowler toadflax the Guardian 2013 04 27 Retrieved 2022 11 18 Purple Toadflax Linaria purpurea species information page www brickfieldspark org Retrieved 2016 06 30 https www researchgate net publication 334596739 Phytochemical analysis of Linaria purpurea L Mill and inhibitory activity on the production of aflatoxin B1 AFB1 in Aspergillus flavus Link of one of its metabolites antirrhinoside Abstract Frezza C Venditti A Marcucci E and Parroni A Industrial Crops and Products Vol 139 1 November 2019 Phytochemical analysis of Linaria purpurea L Mill and inhibitory activity on the production of aflatoxin B1 AFB1 in Aspergillus flavus Link of one of its metabolites antirrhinoside External links Edit Media related to Linaria purpurea at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Linaria purpurea amp oldid 1122599436, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
