Joseph N. Welch
Joseph Nye Welch (October 22, 1890 – October 6, 1960) was an American lawyer and actor who served as the chief counsel for the United States Army while it was under investigation for Communist activities by Senator Joseph McCarthy's Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, an investigation known as the Army–McCarthy hearings. His confrontation with McCarthy during the hearings, in which he asked McCarthy "At long last, have you left no sense of decency?", is seen as a turning point in the history of McCarthyism.
Joseph Welch | |
|---|---|
| Born | Joseph Nye Welch October 22, 1890 Primghar, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | October 6, 1960 (aged 69) Hyannis, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Education | |
| Years active | 1923–1960 |
| Known for | Army–McCarthy hearings |
| Spouses | Judith Lyndon (m. 1917; died 1956)Agnes Rodgers Brown (m. 1957) |
| Children | 2 |
Early life edit
Welch was born in Primghar, Iowa, on October 22, 1890, the seventh and youngest child of English immigrants Martha (Thyer) and William Welch.[1][2] He attended Grinnell College and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1914, then attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1917, magna cum laude, with the second highest grade point average in his graduating class.[1] Welch married Judith Lyndon on September 20, 1917.[3] They had two sons, Joe and Lyndon.[4] He enlisted in the United States Army for World War I.[5] After joining as a private in August 1918, he applied for a commission.[5] Welch was attending officer training school at Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky, when the Armistice took place.[5] His services no longer required, Welch was discharged from the Army on November 27, 1918.[5]
Career edit
Beginning in 1923, Welch was a partner at Hale and Dorr, a Boston law firm, and lived in nearby Walpole, Massachusetts.[6]
Army–McCarthy hearings edit
On June 9, 1954, the 30th day of the Army–McCarthy hearings, Welch challenged Roy Cohn to provide U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. with McCarthy's list of 130 Communists or subversives in defense plants "before sundown". McCarthy stepped in and said that if Welch was so concerned about persons aiding the Communist Party, he should check on a man in his Boston law office named Fred Fisher, who had once belonged to the National Lawyers Guild, which Brownell had called "the legal mouthpiece of the Communist Party".[7] Welch had privately discussed the matter with Fisher beforehand and the two agreed Fisher should not participate in the hearings. Welch dismissed Fisher's association with the NLG as a youthful indiscretion and attacked McCarthy for naming the young man before a nationwide television audience without prior warning or previous agreement to do so:
Until this moment, Senator, I think I have never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. Fred Fisher is a young man who went to the Harvard Law School and came into my firm and is starting what looks to be a brilliant career with us. ... Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad. It is true he is still with Hale and Dorr. It is true that he will continue to be with Hale and Dorr. It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you. If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty I would do so. I like to think I am a gentleman, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me.
When McCarthy tried to renew his attack, Welch interrupted him:
Senator, may we not drop this? We know he belonged to the Lawyers Guild ... Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?
McCarthy tried to ask Welch another question about Fisher, and Welch interrupted:
Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further with you. You have sat within six feet of me and could have asked me about Fred Fisher. You have seen fit to bring it out. And if there is a God in Heaven it will do neither you nor your cause any good. I will not discuss it further. I will not ask Mr. Cohn any more witnesses. You, Mr. Chairman, may, if you will, call the next witness.
At this, those watching the proceedings broke into applause. Welch's TV performance turned the tide of public and press opinion against McCarthy overnight.[8] In July, a Republican senator introduced a motion, which passed later that year, censuring McCarthy for acts that "tended to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute, to obstruct the constitutional processes of the Senate, and to impair its dignity."[9]
In his review of the film Point of Order that depicted the hearings, Vincent Canby called Welch "one of the great performers ever to appear on the small screen" whether in demanding Cohn expose the security risks in the nation's defense plants or accepting a heavily insincere compliment from Cohn, in a manner which demolished Cohn.[10]
Acting edit
Welch played a Michigan judge in Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder (1959). He said he took the role because "it looked like that was the only way I'd ever get to be a judge."[1] Welch actually took the part on the condition that his wife, Agnes, would be in the film. She was cast as a juror.[11] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture and a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for the role.[12] He also narrated the television shows Omnibus and Dow Hour of Great Mysteries.[1]
Personal life edit
His first wife, Judith Lyndon, died on December 21, 1956,[13][14] and he married Agnes Rodgers Brown in 1957.[13][15] After remarrying,[citation needed] he moved to Harwichport, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, where he lived until his death.[16]
Sixteen days before his 70th birthday, and fifteen months after the release of Anatomy of a Murder, Welch suffered a heart attack and died on October 6, 1960, at Cape Cod Hospital in Hyannis, Massachusetts.[1][17]
In popular culture edit
- In the 1977 NBC biopic Tail Gunner Joe, Welch was played by Burgess Meredith.
- In the 1992 HBO film Citizen Cohn, Welch was played by Ed Flanders.
- Welch's "Let us not assassinate this lad further, senator" passage appears as an excerpt in the R.E.M. song "Exhuming McCarthy" on their fifth studio album, Document.
Filmography edit
| Title | Year | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomy of a Murder | 1959 | Judge Weaver |
References edit
- ^ a b c d e . Time. October 17, 1960. Archived from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
- ^ Longden, Tom. "Joseph Welch". Desmoinesregister.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1954. p. 639.
- ^ "Private Rites For Atty. Welch". The Boston Globe. October 7, 1960. pp. 1, 43 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Mead, Frederick S. (1921). Harvard's Military Record in the World War. Boston, MA: Harvard Alumni Association. p. 998.
- ^ 1930 Federal Census
- ^ Oshinsky, David M. (2005) [1983]. A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy. Oxford University Press. p. 459. ISBN 019515424X.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: "Have You No Sense of Decency?"". www.senate.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "On this day: The Senate censures Joseph McCarthy". National Constitution Center. December 2, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
- ^ Canby, Vincent (September 18, 1963). "New York Film Festival Reviews: Point of Order". Variety. p. 6. Retrieved February 11, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Mrs. Joseph Walsh". Internet Movie Database.
- ^ "Awards for Anatomy of a Murder". Internet Movie Database.
- ^ a b "Famed Lawyer Welch, 69, Dies". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. October 6, 1960. pp. 1, 6 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Mrs. Joseph N. Welch". The Buffalo News. December 22, 1956. p. 5. Retrieved December 14, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Joseph N. Welch to Marry Widow of Bostonian". The Knoxville Journal. June 18, 1957. p. 1. Retrieved December 14, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Joseph N. Welch, 70, Dies in Cape Cod Hospital". Portland Press Herald. October 7, 1960. p. 23. Retrieved December 14, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Joseph N. Welch, Army Counsel In McCarthy Hearings, Is Dead". New York Times. October 7, 1960. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
External links edit
- Joseph N. Welch at IMDb
- McCarthy–Welch exchange: "Have You No Sense of Decency" (transcript and sound file)