Joe DiMaggio

Not to be confused with John DiMaggio or Joe Maggio.

Joseph Paul DiMaggio^[a] (Italian: Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈpaːolo diˈmaddʒo]; November 25, 1914 – March 8, 1999), nicknamed "Joltin' Joe", "the Yankee Clipper" and "Joe D.", was an American baseball center fielder who played his entire 13-year career in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees. Born to Italian immigrants in California, he is widely considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time and is best known for setting the record for the longest hitting streak in baseball (56 games from May 15 – July 16, 1941), which still stands today.^[1]

Joe DiMaggio
DiMaggio with the New York Yankees in 1939
Center fielder
Born: (1914-11-25)November 25, 1914 Martinez, California, U.S.
Died: March 8, 1999(1999-03-08) (aged 84) Hollywood, Florida, U.S.
Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
May 3, 1936, for the New York Yankees
Last MLB appearance
September 30, 1951, for the New York Yankees
MLB statistics
Batting average	.325
Hits	2,214
Home runs	361
Runs batted in	1,537
Teams
As player New York Yankees (1936–1942, 1946–1951) As coach Oakland Athletics (1968–1969)
Career highlights and awards
13× All-Star (1936–1942, 1946–1951) 9× World Series champion (1936–1939, 1941, 1947, 1949–1951) 3× AL MVP (1939, 1941, 1947) 2× AL batting champion (1939, 1940) 2× AL home run leader (1937, 1948) 2× AL RBI leader (1941, 1948) MLB record 56-game hitting streak New York Yankees No. 5 retired Monument Park honoree Major League Baseball All-Century Team
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction	1955
Vote	88.84% (third ballot)
Military career Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Army Air Forces Years of service 1943–1945 Rank Sergeant

DiMaggio was a three-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player Award winner and an All-Star in each of his 13 seasons. During his tenure with the Yankees, the club won ten American League pennants and nine World Series championships. His nine career World Series rings are second only to fellow Yankee Yogi Berra, who won ten.

At the time of his retirement after the 1951 season, he ranked fifth in career home runs (361) and sixth in career slugging percentage (.579). He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955 and was voted the sport's greatest living player in a poll taken during baseball's centennial year of 1969.^[2] His brothers Vince (1912–1986) and Dom (1917–2009) also were major league center fielders. Outside of baseball, DiMaggio is also widely known for his marriage and life-long devotion to Marilyn Monroe.

Early life

DiMaggio was born on November 25, 1914, in Martinez, California,^[3] the eighth of nine children born to Sicilian immigrants Giuseppe and Rosalia DiMaggio, from Isola delle Femmine. His Italian birth name was Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio. Rosalia named her son "Giuseppe" after his father in the hopes he would be her last child; "Paolo" was in honor of Giuseppe's favorite saint, Paul of Tarsus.

Giuseppe was a fisherman, as were generations of DiMaggios before him. Joe's brother Tom told Maury Allen that Rosalia's father wrote to her saying Giuseppe could earn a better living in California. Giuseppe and Rosalia decided that he would go to America for one year: if things were better, he would send for her; if not, he would return home. After being processed on Ellis Island, Giuseppe worked his way across the country, eventually settling near Rosalia's father in Pittsburg, on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area. After four years, he had earned enough money to send for Rosalia and their daughter, who was born after he left. When Joe was a toddler, Giuseppe moved his family to the North Beach section of San Francisco.^[4]: 18 Giuseppe hoped that his five sons would become fishermen.^[5]

DiMaggio recalled that he would do anything to get out of cleaning his father's boat, as the smell of dead fish nauseated him. Giuseppe called him "lazy" and "good-for-nothing". At age ten, he took up baseball, playing third base at the North Beach playground near his home. After attending Hancock Elementary and Francisco Middle School, DiMaggio dropped out of Galileo High School and worked odd jobs. ^[6]

 

A baseball card of DiMaggio with the San Francisco Seals, c. 1933–36

By 1931, DiMaggio was playing semi-pro ball. Nearing the end of the 1932 season, his brother Vince, playing for the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), talked his manager into letting DiMaggio fill in at shortstop. He made his professional debut on October 1, 1932, playing the last three games. In less than two years, DiMaggio made the jump from the playground to the PCL, one notch below the majors. ^[4]: 34 In his full rookie year, from May 27 to July 25, 1933, he hit safely in 61 consecutive games, a PCL-record,^[7] and second-longest in Minor League Baseball history.^[8] "Baseball didn't really get into my blood until I knocked off that hitting streak," he said. "Getting a daily hit became more important to me than eating, drinking, or sleeping".

In 1934, DiMaggio suffered a potentially career-threatening knee injury when he tore ligaments of his right knee while stepping out of a jitney. Convinced the injury would heal, Yankees scout Bill Essick pestered his bosses to give DiMaggio another look. After he passed a physical, the team bought him for $50,000 and five players, with the Seals keeping him for the 1935 season. ^[9] DiMaggio batted .398 with 154 runs batted in (RBIs) and 34 home runs. The Seals won the 1935 PCL title, and he was named the league's Most Valuable Player.

Major league career

 

Seven of the American League's 1937 All-Star players: Lou Gehrig, Joe Cronin, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, Charlie Gehringer, Jimmie Foxx, and Hank Greenberg. All seven were inducted into the Hall of Fame.

DiMaggio made his major league debut on May 3, 1936, batting ahead of Lou Gehrig in the lineup. The Yankees had not been to the World Series since 1932, but they won the next four World Series. Over the course of his 13-year Major League career, DiMaggio led the Yankees to nine World Series championships, where he trails only Yogi Berra (10) in that category.^[10]

DiMaggio set a franchise record for rookies in 1936 by hitting 29 home runs. DiMaggio accomplished the feat in 138 games.^[11] His record stood for over 80 years until it was shattered by Aaron Judge, who tallied 52 homers in 2017.^[12]

In 1937, DiMaggio built upon his rookie season by leading the majors with 46 home runs, 151 runs scored, and 418 total bases. He also hit safely in 43 of 44 games from June 27 to August 12.^[13] He finished second in American League MVP voting in a close race with Charlie Gehringer of the Detroit Tigers.

In 1939, DiMaggio was nicknamed the "Yankee Clipper" by Yankee's play-by-play announcer Arch McDonald, when he likened DiMaggio's speed and range in the outfield to the then-new Pan American airliner.^[4]: 152 That year in August, DiMaggio recorded 53 RBIs, tying Hack Wilson's 1930 record for most in a single month.^[14] He also won his first career batting title and MVP award, as well as leading the Yankees to their fourth consecutive World Series championship.^[15]

DiMaggio was pictured with his son on the cover of the inaugural issue of SPORT magazine in September 1946.^[16]

In 1947, DiMaggio won his third MVP award and his sixth World Series with the Yankees. That year, Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey and Yankees GM Larry MacPhail verbally agreed to trade DiMaggio for Ted Williams, but the trade was canceled when MacPhail refused to include Yogi Berra.^[17]

In the September 1949 issue of SPORT, Hank Greenberg said that DiMaggio covered so much ground in center field that the only way to get a hit against the Yankees was "to hit 'em where Joe wasn't." DiMaggio also stole home five times in his career.

On February 7, 1949, DiMaggio signed a contract worth $100,000 ($1,230,000 in current dollar terms) ($70,000 plus bonuses), and became the first baseball player to break $100,000 in earnings. By 1950, he was ranked the second-best center fielder by the Sporting News, after Larry Doby.^[18] After a poor 1951 season, various injuries, and a scouting report by the Brooklyn Dodgers that was turned over to the New York Giants and leaked to the press, DiMaggio announced his retirement at age 37 on December 11, 1951.^[19] When remarking on his retirement to the Sporting News on December 19, 1951, he said:

 

DiMaggio in 1951, his last year in baseball

I feel like I have reached the stage where I can no longer produce for my club, my manager, and my teammates. I had a poor year, but even if I had hit .350, this would have been my last year. I was full of aches and pains and it had become a chore for me to play. When baseball is no longer fun, it's no longer a game, and so, I've played my last game.

Through May 2009, DiMaggio was tied with Mark McGwire for third place all-time in home runs over the first two calendar years in the major leagues (77), behind Phillies Hall of Famer Chuck Klein (83), and Milwaukee Brewers' Ryan Braun (79).^[20] Through 2011, he was one of seven major leaguers to have had at least four 30-homer, 100-RBI seasons in their first five years, along with Chuck Klein, Ted Williams, Ralph Kiner, Mark Teixeira, Albert Pujols, and Ryan Braun.^[21] DiMaggio holds the record for most seasons with more home runs than strikeouts (minimum 20 home runs), a feat he accomplished seven times, and five times consecutively from 1937 to 1941.^[22] DiMaggio could have possibly exceeded 500 home runs and 2,000 RBIs had he not served in the military during World War II, causing him to miss the 1943, 1944, and 1945 seasons.^[23]

DiMaggio might have had better power-hitting statistics had his home park not been Yankee Stadium. In "The House That Ruth Built", its nearby right field favored the Babe's left-handed power. For right-handed hitters, its deep left and center fields made home runs almost impossible. Mickey Mantle recalled that he and Whitey Ford witnessed many DiMaggio blasts that would have been home runs anywhere other than Yankee Stadium (Ruth himself fell victim to that problem, as he also hit many long flyouts to center). Bill James calculated that DiMaggio lost more home runs due to his home park than any other player in history. Left-center field went as far back as 457 ft [139 m], whereas left-center rarely reaches 380 ft [116 m] in today's ballparks. Al Gionfriddo's famous catch in the 1947 World Series, which was close to the 415-foot mark [126 m] in left-center, would have been a home run in the Yankees' current ballpark. DiMaggio hit 148 home runs in 3,360 at-bats at home versus 213 home runs in 3,461 at-bats on the road. His slugging percentage at home was .546, and on the road, it was .610. Statistician Bill Jenkinson commented on these figures:

 

DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle at Yankee Stadium in 1970, two years after Mantle's retirement

For example, Joe DiMaggio was acutely handicapped by playing at Yankee Stadium. Every time he batted in his home field during his entire career, he did so knowing that it was physically impossible for him to hit a home run to the half of the field directly in front of him. If you look at a baseball field from foul line to foul line, it has a 90-degree radius. From the power alley in the left-center field (430 in Joe's time) to the fence in the deep right-center field (407 ft), it is 45 degrees. And Joe DiMaggio never hit a single home run over the fences at Yankee Stadium in that 45-degree graveyard. It was just too far. Joe was plenty strong; he routinely hit balls in the 425-foot range. But that just wasn't good enough in the cavernous Yankee Stadium. Like Ruth, he benefited from a few easy homers each season due to the short foul line distances. But he lost many more than he gained by constantly hitting long flyouts toward center field. Whereas most sluggers perform better on their home fields, DiMaggio hit only 41 percent of his career home runs in the Bronx. He hit 148 homers at Yankee Stadium. If he had hit the same exact pattern of batted balls with a typical modern stadium as his home, he would have belted about 225 homers during his home-field career.

DiMaggio became eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953 but he was not elected until 1955. The Hall of Fame rules on the post-retirement induction waiting period had been revised in the interim, extending the waiting period from one to five years, but DiMaggio and Ted Lyons were exempted from the rule. DiMaggio told Baseball Digest in 1963 that the Brooklyn Dodgers had offered him their managerial job in 1953, but he turned it down. After being out of baseball since his retirement as an active player, DiMaggio joined the newly relocated Oakland Athletics as a vice president in 1968 and 1969 and a coach in just the first of those two seasons. The appointment allowed him to qualify for MLB's maximum pension allowance of which he had fallen two years short upon his retirement. During his only campaign as a coach, he helped improve the talents of players such as Reggie Jackson, Sal Bando, and Joe Rudi who became part of the team's nucleus when it won three consecutive World Series from 1972 to 1974.^[24]

1941 hitting streak

Main article: Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak

DiMaggio's streak is the most extraordinary thing that ever happened in American sports.

— Stephen Jay Gould^[25]

 

DiMaggio kisses his bat in 1941, the year he hit safely in 56 consecutive games. His wife Dorothy Arnold was pregnant with their son Joe Jr. while the streak was in progress.

DiMaggio's most famous achievement is his MLB record-breaking 56-game hitting streak in 1941. The streak began on May 15, a couple of weeks before the death of Lou Gehrig—who had been DiMaggio's teammate from 1936 to 1939—when DiMaggio went one-for-four against Chicago White Sox pitcher Eddie Smith.^[26] Major newspapers began to write about DiMaggio's streak early on, but as he approached George Sisler's modern-era record of 41 games, it became a national phenomenon. Initially, DiMaggio showed little interest in breaking Sisler's record, saying: "I'm not thinking a whole lot about it... I'll either break it or I won't."^[27] As he approached Sisler's record, DiMaggio showed more interest, saying, "At the start, I didn't think much about it... but naturally I'd like to get the record since I am this close."^[28] On June 29, 1941, DiMaggio doubled in the first game of a doubleheader against the Washington Senators at Griffith Stadium to tie Sisler's record and then singled in the nightcap to extend his streak to 42.^[29][30]

A Yankee Stadium crowd of 52,832 fans watched DiMaggio tie the all-time hitting streak record (44 games, Wee Willie Keeler in 1897) on July 1.^[31] The next day against the Boston Red Sox, he homered into Yankee Stadium's left-field stands to extend his streak to 45, setting a new record. DiMaggio recorded 67 hits in 179 at-bats during the first 45 games of his streak, while Keeler recorded 88 hits in 201 at-bats.^[32] DiMaggio continued hitting after breaking Keeler's record, reaching 50 straight games on July 11 against the St. Louis Browns.^[33] On July 17 at Cleveland's Municipal Stadium, DiMaggio's streak was finally snapped at 56 games, thanks in part to two backhand stops by Indians third baseman Ken Keltner.^[34] DiMaggio batted .408 during the streak with 15 home runs and 55 RBI.^[35] The day after the streak ended DiMaggio started another streak that lasted 16 games, therefore hitting safely in 72 of 73 games.^[36][37] The closest anyone has come to equaling DiMaggio is Pete Rose, who hit safely in 44 straight games in 1978.^[38][39] During the streak, DiMaggio played in seven doubleheaders. The Yankees' record during the streak was 41–13–2.

Some consider DiMaggio's streak a uniquely outstanding and unbreakable record a statistical near-impossibility. Nobel Prize-winning physicist and sabermetrician Edward Mills Purcell calculated that, to have the likelihood of a hitting streak of 50 games occurring in the history of baseball up to the late 1980s be greater than 50%, fifty-two .350 lifetime hitters would have to have existed instead of the actual three (Ty Cobb, Rogers Hornsby, and Shoeless Joe Jackson). His Harvard colleague Stephen Jay Gould, citing Purcell's work, called DiMaggio's 56-game achievement "the most extraordinary thing that ever happened in American sports".^[25] Samuel Arbesman and Steven Strogatz of Cornell University disagree. They conducted 10,000 computer simulations of Major League Baseball from 1871 to 2005, 42% of which produced streaks as long or longer, with record streaks ranging from 39 to 109 games and typical record streaks between 50 and 64 games.^[1]

World War II

DiMaggio enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces on February 17, 1943, rising to the rank of sergeant. He was stationed at Santa Ana, California, Hawaii, and Atlantic City, New Jersey, as a physical education instructor.^[40] He was released on a medical discharge in September 1945, due to chronic stomach ulcers.^[41] Other than being paid $21 a month, DiMaggio's service was as comfortable as a soldier's life could be. He spent most of his military career playing for baseball teams and in exhibition games against fellow Major Leaguers and minor league players, and superiors gave him special privileges due to his prewar fame. DiMaggio ate so well from an athlete-only diet that he gained 10 pounds, and while in Hawaii he and other players mostly tanned on the beach and drank. Embarrassed by his lifestyle, DiMaggio requested that he be given a combat assignment but was turned down.^[23]

Parents as "enemy aliens"

Giuseppe and Rosalia DiMaggio, both from Isola delle Femmine, were among the thousands of German, Japanese, and Italian immigrants classified as "enemy aliens" by the government after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Each was required to carry photo ID booklets at all times and was not allowed to travel outside a five-mile radius from their home without a permit. Giuseppe was barred from San Francisco Bay, where he had fished for decades, and his boat was seized. Rosalia became an American citizen in 1945, followed by Giuseppe in 1946.^[41]

Marriages

Dorothy Arnold

In January 1937, DiMaggio met actress Dorothy Arnold on the set of Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, in which he had a minor role, and she was an extra. He announced their engagement on April 25, 1939, just before the Yankees were to meet the Philadelphia Athletics (The Yankees won that game 8 to 4, belting out 13 hits, including three by DiMaggio and the only two-hit performance that year by the ailing Lou Gehrig.)^[42] They married at San Francisco's Sts. Peter and Paul Church on November 19, 1939, as 20,000 well-wishers jammed the streets. Their son, Joseph Paul DiMaggio Jr. (1941–1999), was born at Doctors' Hospital in Staten Island.^[43] The couple divorced in 1944, while he was on leave from the Yankees during World War II.

Marilyn Monroe

 

Monroe and DiMaggio when they were married in January 1954

According to her autobiography My Story, ghostwritten by Ben Hecht,^[44] Marilyn Monroe originally did not want to meet DiMaggio, fearing he was a stereotypically arrogant athlete. They eloped at San Francisco City Hall on January 14, 1954. Although she suffered from endometriosis,^[45] Monroe and DiMaggio each expressed to reporters their desire to start a family.

The union was troubled from the start by DiMaggio's jealousy and controlling attitude; he was also physically abusive.^[46] A violent fight between the couple occurred immediately after the skirt-blowing scene in The Seven Year Itch that was filmed on September 14, 1954, in front of Manhattan's Trans-Lux 52nd Street Theater.^[47] Then 20th Century Fox's East Coast correspondent Bill Kobrin told the Palm Springs Desert Sun that it was director Billy Wilder's idea to turn the shoot into a media circus. The couple then had a "yelling battle" in the theater lobby.^[48] After returning from New York City to Hollywood in October 1954, Monroe filed for divorce from DiMaggio after only nine months of marriage.^[49] DiMaggio underwent therapy, stopped drinking alcohol, and expanded his interests beyond baseball.^[50]

On August 1, 1956, an International News wire photo of DiMaggio with Lee Meriwether gave rise to speculation that they were engaged, but DiMaggio biographer Richard Ben Cramer wrote that it was a rumor started by columnist Walter Winchell. Monroe biographer Donald Spoto claimed that DiMaggio was "very close to marrying" 1957 Miss America Marian McKnight, who won the crown with a Marilyn Monroe act, but McKnight denied it.^[51] He was also linked to Liz Renay, Cleo Moore, Rita Gam, Marlene Dietrich, and Gloria DeHaven during this period, and years later to Elizabeth Ray and Morgan Fairchild, but he never publicly confirmed any involvement with any woman.

 

DiMaggio and Marilyn Monroe staying at Imperial Hotel in Tokyo on their honeymoon

DiMaggio reentered Monroe's life as her marriage to Arthur Miller was ending. On February 10, 1961, he secured her release from Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic in Manhattan. She joined him in Florida where he was a batting coach for the Yankees. Their "just friends" claim did not stop remarriage rumors from flying. Reporters staked out her Manhattan apartment building. Bob Hope "dedicated" Best Song nominee "The Second Time Around" to them at the 33rd Academy Awards.

According to Maury Allen's biography, DiMaggio was alarmed at how Monroe had fallen in with people he felt were detrimental to her well-being. Val Monette, the owner of a military post-exchange supply company, told Allen that DiMaggio left his employ on August 1, 1962, because he had decided to ask Monroe to remarry him.

Four days later, on August 5, Monroe was found dead in her Brentwood, Los Angeles home after housekeeper Eunice Murray telephoned Monroe's psychiatrist, Ralph Greenson. DiMaggio's son had spoken to Monroe on the phone the night of her death and said she seemed fine.^[52] Her death was deemed a probable suicide by "Coroner to the Stars" Thomas Noguchi. It has also been the subject of conspiracy theories.

Devastated, DiMaggio claimed Monroe's body and arranged for her funeral at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. He barred Hollywood's elite and members of the Kennedy family from attending the funeral, including President John F. Kennedy. He had a half-dozen red roses delivered to her crypt three times a week for 20 years.^[53] He refused to talk about her publicly or otherwise exploit their relationship. He never married again. According to DiMaggio's attorney Morris Engelberg, DiMaggio's last words were "I'll finally get to see Marilyn."^[54] However, Joe's brother Dominic challenged Engelberg's version of Joe's final moments and his motives.^[55][56]

Advertising

 

1941 advertisement for Camel cigarettes featuring DiMaggio

In the 1970s, DiMaggio became a spokesman for Mr. Coffee, and was the face of the electric drip coffee makers for over 20 years. Vincent Marotta, the CEO of North American Systems, which manufactured Mr. Coffee at the time, recruited DiMaggio for the advertising campaign.^[57] DiMaggio's spots were successful with consumers. In a 2007 interview with The Columbus Dispatch, Marotta joked that "millions of kids grew up thinking Joe DiMaggio was a famous appliance salesman."^[57] Despite the commercials, DiMaggio rarely drank coffee due to ulcers;^[57] and when he did drink coffee, he preferred Sanka instant coffee rather than coffee brewed by Mr. Coffee machines.^[57]

In 1972, DiMaggio became a spokesman for the Bowery Savings Bank. Except for a five-year hiatus in the 1980s, he regularly made commercials for them until 1992.^[58] In 1986, he became a spokesperson for Florida's Cross Keys Village, an active retirement community.^[59]

Television programs

Beginning in April 1952, DiMaggio had 10-minute programs on Channel 11 in New York City before and after each Yankees' home game. Episodes included interviews with guests and DiMaggio's comments about baseball. The team owned the program, with DiMaggio under contract to the Yankees. He also did Joe DiMaggio's Dugout on Channel 4 in New York City, a weekly filmed program unrelated to the pre-and post-game shows. It featured instructional sessions and quizzes for young people.^[60]

Death

 

DiMaggio's grave at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California

DiMaggio was a heavy smoker for much of his adult life.^[61] He was admitted to Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, on October 12, 1998, for lung cancer surgery and remained there for 99 days.^[62] He returned to his home in Hollywood, Florida, on January 19, 1999, where he died on March 8 at age 84.

His funeral was held on March 11, 1999, at Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church in San Francisco,^[63] and he was interred 3 months later at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.^[64] His son also died that year, on August 6, at age 57.^[65]

Legacy

At his death, The New York Times called DiMaggio's 1941 56-game hitting streak "perhaps the most enduring record in sports."^[53]

In an article in 1976 in Esquire magazine, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter," consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. Joe DiMaggio was the center fielder on Stein's Italian team.

According to American geneticist Mary-Claire King, in the spring of 1981 DiMaggio babysat her daughter at the San Francisco airport so King could drop her mother off to her flight to Chicago. According to King, if it were not for DiMaggio's kindness, she would have almost certainly missed her own flight that was taking her and her daughter to Washington, D.C., a trip that eventually resulted in King's getting her first major grant from the National Institutes of Health and the discovery of the breast and ovarian cancer-causing gene, BRCA1.^[66]

On September 17, 1992, the doors were opened at Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, for which he raised over $4 million.^[53]

 

DiMaggio's plaque at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

On April 13, 1998, DiMaggio was given the Sports Legend Award at the 13th annual American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame Awards Dinner in New York City. Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State and a longtime fan of DiMaggio, made the presentation to the Yankee great. The event was one of DiMaggio's last public appearances before taking ill.

Yankee Stadium's fifth monument was dedicated to DiMaggio on April 25, 1999, and the West Side Highway was officially renamed The Joe DiMaggio Highway in his honor. The Yankees wore DiMaggio's number 5 on the left sleeves of their uniforms for the 1999 season. He is ranked No. 11 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and he was elected by fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In addition to his number 5 being retired by the New York Yankees, DiMaggio's number was also retired by the Florida Marlins, who retired it in honor of their first team president, Carl Barger, who died five months before the team took the field for the first time in 1993. DiMaggio had been his favorite player.

In 2000 after some negotiations,^[67] the heirs of Joe DiMaggio's estate, two granddaughters and their four children, welcomed the renaming of San Francisco's North Beach playground, the place where Joe DiMaggio first took up baseball as a boy, as the Joe DiMaggio North Beach Playground.^[68]

In 2001, Major League Baseball introduced an online daily fantasy game called "Beat the Streak" which required players to pick one or two MLB players to get a hit in a game that day. The goal was to pick correctly 57 times in a row to beat DiMaggio's record streak. As of August 2021^[update], the prize money for beating the streak was $5.6 million; more than 4.5 million players had combined to make over 100 million attempts but none had reached even 52 consecutive hits in the game's history.^[69]

In May 2006, the adopted daughters of DiMaggio's son held an auction of DiMaggio's personal items. Highlights included the ball he hit in breaking Wee Willie Keeler's hitting-streak record ($63,250); his 2,000th career hit ball ($29,900); his 1947 Most Valuable Player Award ($281,750); the uniform worn in the 1951 World Series ($195,500); his Hall of Fame ring ($69,000); a photograph Marilyn autographed "I love you Joe" ($80,500); her passport ($115,000); and their marriage certificate ($23,000). Lot 758, DiMaggio's white 1991 Mercedes 420 SEL sedan, which was a gift from the New York Yankees commemorating the 50th anniversary of DiMaggio's 1941 season, sold for $18,000. The event netted a total of $4.1 million.

 

Joe DiMaggio's number 5 was retired by the New York Yankees in 1952.

On August 8, 2011, the United States Postal Service announced that an image of DiMaggio would appear on a stamp for the first time. It was issued as part of the "Major League Baseball All-Star Stamp Series," which came out in July 2012.^[70]

DiMaggio insisted on being introduced as the "Greatest Living Ballplayer" at events, including Yankee Old-Timers Day, and he once punched Billy Crystal in the stomach for not introducing him as such.^[71]

In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored DiMaggio as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army Air Force during World War II.^[72]

The Joe DiMaggio Fields in his hometown of Martinez, California are named after him.

Career statistics

G	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	BB	SO	AVG	OBP	SLG	OPS	FLD%
1,736	6,821	1,390	2,214	389	131	361	1,537	790	369	.325	.398	.579	.977	.978

DiMaggio played in 10 World Series, winning 9. His only loss was in the 1942 World Series. He batted .271 (54-199), with 27 runs scored, 8 home runs, and 30 RBI in 51 post-season games.

In popular culture

 

Dimaggio with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Rocky Marciano in 1953

 

President Ronald Reagan and DiMaggio at the White House, March 27, 1981

 

DiMaggio with President George H. W. Bush in 1991

An American icon, DiMaggio's popularity during his career was such that he was referenced in film, television, literature, art, and music both during his career and decades after he retired.

Art

• Pierre Bellocq: Canvas of Stars mural for Gallagher's Steak House (2006)^[73]
• Robert Casilla: The Continuity of Greatness^[74]
• Devon Dikeou: Marilyn Monroe Wanted to Be Buried in Pucci installation (2008)^[75]
• Harvey Dinnerstein: The Wide Swing (1979) sold at auction for $95,000^[76]
• Curt Flood: painting of DiMaggio sold at auction for $9,500^[77]
• Bart Forbes: illustration of DiMaggio for the July 1999 Boys' Life^[78]
• Zenos Frudakis: bronze sculpture of DiMaggio for the Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital^[79]
• Bill Gallo: caricature of DiMaggio and Ted Williams sold at auction for $750^[80]
• Red Grooms: Joltin' Joe Takes a Swing installation (1985–1988)^[81]
• Stephen Holland: Joe DiMaggio (2005)
• Armand LaMontagne: 1991 giclee of DiMaggio sold at auction for $325^[82]
• Tommy McDonald: paintings of DiMaggio sold at auction for $4,000,^[83] and $2,300^[76]
• Willard Mullin: 1936 drawing of DiMaggio sold at auction for $2,600^[80]
• LeRoy Neiman: Joe DiMaggio, New York Yankees (1969), Joe DiMaggio, San Francisco Seals (1989), and The DiMaggio Cut (1998)
• Bruce Stark: caricature of DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle sold at auction for $700^[84]
• Mark Ulriksen: illustration of DiMaggio for the cover of the April 12, 1999 The New Yorker^{[non-primary source needed]}

Cartoons/Comics/Graphic Novels

 

DiMaggio in 1950

• Boobs in the Woods: Daffy yells at Porky: "Steal home, DiMaggio! It means the game! Attaboy, DiMaggio! Hit the dirt! Slide, DiMaggio! Slide!" Porky then breaks the Fourth wall and says: "Why am I sliding for? I'm not DiMaggio".
• DC Comics' 100 Bullets by Brian Azzarello and Eduardo Risso:
  • "The Counterfifth Detective", DiMaggio is recruited by Graves for the Minutemen^[85]
  • "Idol Chatter", the former baseball player befriended by Graves is based on DiMaggio^[86]
• Harvey Comics' Babe Ruth Sports Comics (August 1949)^[87]
• Parents' Magazine's True Comics #71 (May 1948)^[88]
• Revolutionary Comics' Baseball Legends: Joe DiMaggio (July 1992)^[89]

Literature

• "Buck Wischnewski" is based on him in Alvah Bessie's 1966 novel The Symbol^{[non-primary source needed]}
• "The Ex-Athlete" is based on him in Joyce Carol Oates's 2000 novel Blonde.^[90]
• "The Silent Season of a Hero" by Gay Talese, is a celebrated 1966 piece for Esquire magazine^{[non-primary source needed]}
• In Ernest Hemingway's 1952 novel, The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago is a fan of DiMaggio.^[91]

Music

• Asia: "Joe DiMaggio's Glove"^{[92][non-primary source needed]}
• Billy Bragg and Woody Guthrie: "DiMaggio Done It Again"^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Les Brown & His Band of Renown's "Joltin' Joe DiMaggio"^[93]
• Kinky Friedman: "Marilyn and Joe"^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Mike Plume: "DiMaggio"^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Abie Rotenberg: "The Great Joe DiMaggio's Card"^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Simon & Garfunkel: "Mrs. Robinson"^[94]
• Billy Joel: "We Didn't Start the Fire"^[95]
• Vulfpeck: "1 for 1, Dimaggio"^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Bon Jovi: "Captain Crash and the Beauty Queen from Mars"
• Madonna: "Vogue"
• Tim Curry: "I Do the Rock"^[96]
• John Fogerty: "Centerfield"

Movies

• 61*, played by Michael Nouri
• The Goddess: "Dutch Seymour" is based on DiMaggio^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Insignificance: "The Ballplayer" is based on DiMaggio^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Blonde, played by Bobby Cannavale^[97]
• Manhattan Merry-Go-Round (film), Joe DiMaggio played himself

TV movies

• Marilyn & Me, portrayed by Sal Landi
• Marilyn: The Untold Story, portrayed by Frank Converse
• Norma Jean & Marilyn, portrayed by Peter Dobson
• The Rat Pack, portrayed by John Diehl
• The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe, portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan

Theater

• Insignificance (1982) by Terry Johnson: The Ballplayer is based on DiMaggio^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Marilyn: An American Fable (1983): DiMaggio is a character
• Arthur and Joe (2012) by Allan Havis: DiMaggio is a character^[98]
• Bronx Bombers (2013) by Eric Simonson: DiMaggio is a character^[99]

Television

• The Bronx Is Burning, played by Christopher McDonald
• Blonde: "The Baseball Player" is based on DiMaggio ^{[non-primary source needed]}
• Frasier, "Room Full of Heroes": Martin dresses as DiMaggio, his boyhood hero
• M*A*S*H:
  • "Showtime": Jackie Flash mentions DiMaggio during a routine
  • "Pressure Points": Potter mentions DiMaggio while talking to Freedman
  • "Bombshells": Hawkeye tries to convince a 20th Century-Fox Switchboard operator that he's DiMaggio's "friend" Ted Williams
• Seinfeld, "The Note": Kramer tries to convince the gang that he saw DiMaggio at Dinky Donuts

See also

• List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
• List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle
• List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise

Notes

1. /dɪˈmædʒioʊ/ dim-AJ-ee-oh, US also /dɪˈmɑːʒioʊ/ dim-AH-zhee-oh

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Works cited

• Banner, Lois (2012). Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-3133-5.
• Churchwell, Sarah (2004). The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe. Granta Books. ISBN 978-0-312-42565-4.
• Spoto, Donald (2001). Marilyn Monroe: The Biography. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1183-3.
• Summers, Anthony (1985). Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe. Victor Gollancz Ltd. ISBN 978-0-575-03641-3.

Further reading

• Cramer, Richard Ben (2000). Joe DiMaggio: The Hero's Life. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684853914.
• Kahn, Roger (1986). Joe and Marilyn: A Memory of Love. Avon Books. ISBN 978-0380704620.
• Charyn, Jerome (2011). Joe DiMaggio: The Long Vigil. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300123289.
• Kennedy, Kostya (2011). 56: Joe DiMaggio and the Last Magic Number in Sports. Sports Illustrated Books. ISBN 978-1603201773.
• O'Toole, Andrew (2015). Strangers in the Bronx: DiMaggio, Mantle, and the Changing of the Yankee Guard. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1629370279.
• Positano, Rock; Positano, John (2017). Dinner with DiMaggio: Memories of An American Hero. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1501156847.
• Monroe, Marilyn; Hecht, Ben (1974). My Story. Stein and Day. ISBN 9780812817072.

External links

• Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet
• Official website
• Joe DiMaggio at the Baseball Hall of Fame
• Joe DiMaggio at the SABR Baseball Biography Project
• Joe DiMaggio at IMDb
• Joe DiMaggio at Find a Grave

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Gee Walker Vic Wertz	Hitting for the cycle July 9, 1937 May 20, 1948	Succeeded by Lou Gehrig Wally Westlake