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Cleveland Guardians

March 14, 2023

"Cleveland Indians" redirects here. For other uses, see Cleveland Indians (disambiguation).

The Cleveland Guardians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland. The Guardians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field. Since their establishment as a Major League franchise in 1901, the team has won 11 Central division titles, six American League pennants, and two World Series championships (in 1920 and 1948). The team's World Series championship drought since 1948 is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams.[1] The team's name references the Guardians of Traffic, eight monolithic 1932 Art Deco sculptures by Henry Hering on the city's Hope Memorial Bridge, which is adjacent to Progressive Field.[2][3] The team's mascot is named "Slider".[4] The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona.[5]

Cleveland Guardians
2023 Cleveland Guardians season
  • Established in 1894
  • Based in Cleveland since 1900
Team logoCap insignia
Major league affiliations
Current uniform
Retired numbers
Colors
  • Navy blue, red, white
         
Name
  • Cleveland Guardians (2022–present)
  • Cleveland Indians (1915–2021)
  • Cleveland Napoleons/Naps (1903–1914)
  • Cleveland Bronchos (1902)
  • Cleveland Bluebirds/Blues (1901–1902)
  • Cleveland Lake Shores (1900)
  • Grand Rapids Rippers (1894–1899)
Ballpark
Major league titles
World Series titles (2)
AL Pennants (6)
AL Central Division titles (11)
Wild card berths (2)
Front office
Principal owner(s)Larry Dolan
Paul Dolan (Chairman/CEO)
President of baseball operationsChris Antonetti
General managerMike Chernoff
ManagerTerry Francona

The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rippers, a minor league team based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, that played in the Western League. The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was called the Cleveland Lake Shores.[6] The Western League itself was renamed the American League prior to the 1900 season while continuing its minor league status. When the American League declared itself a major league in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.

Following Lajoie's departure after the 1914 season, club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians, allegedly a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis, a Native American, was playing for the team.[7][8] That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were the "Tribe" and the "Wahoos", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After it came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team ceased using the name "Indians" following the 2021 season,[9][10][11] and were renamed the "Guardians" for 2022.[2][12]

From August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.

As of the end of the 2022 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,684–9,214 (.512).[13]

Early Cleveland baseball teams

 
The team is named after the eight Guardians of Traffic statues displayed on the Hope Memorial Bridge next to their home field.

"In 1857 baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful. – Harold Seymour" [14]

1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)
1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland

From 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team.[15][16] In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was often called the Forest Citys, in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos.

In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), the first professional league. Ultimately, two of the league's western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that city's White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NA's westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded. Cleveland played its full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season.[17]

1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys
1882–1884 Cleveland Blues

In 1876, the National League (NL) supplanted the NA as the major professional league. Cleveland was not among its charter members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries and the city gained an NL team. The Cleveland Forest Citys were recreated, but rebranded in 1882 as the Cleveland Blues, because the National League required distinct colors for that season. The Blues had mediocre records for six seasons and were ruined by a trade war with the Union Association (UA) in 1884, when its three best players (Fred Dunlap, Jack Glasscock, and Jim McCormick) jumped to the UA after being offered higher salaries. The Cleveland Blues merged with the St. Louis Maroons UA team in 1885.

1887–1899 Cleveland Spiders – nickname "Blues"
 
Cy Young on a 1911 baseball card

Cleveland went without major league baseball for two seasons until gaining a team in the American Association (AA) in 1887. After the AA's Allegheny club jumped to the NL, Cleveland followed suit in 1889, as the AA began to crumble. The Cleveland ball club, named the Spiders (supposedly inspired by their "skinny and spindly" players) slowly became a power in the league.[18] In 1891, the Spiders moved into League Park, which would serve as the home of Cleveland professional baseball for the next 55 years. Led by native Ohioan Cy Young, the Spiders became a contender in the mid-1890s, playing in the Temple Cup Series (that era's World Series) twice and winning it in 1895. The team began to fade after this success, and was dealt a severe blow under the ownership of the Robison brothers.

Prior to the 1899 season, Frank Robison, the Spiders' owner, bought the St. Louis Browns, thus owning two clubs at the same time. The Browns were renamed the "Perfectos", and restocked with Cleveland talent. Just weeks before the season opener, most of the better Spiders were transferred to St. Louis, including three future Hall of Famers: Cy Young, Jesse Burkett and Bobby Wallace.[19] The roster maneuvers failed to create a powerhouse Perfectos team, as St. Louis finished fifth in both 1899 and 1900. The Spiders were left with essentially a minor league lineup, and began to lose games at a record pace. Drawing almost no fans at home, they ended up playing most of their season on the road, and became known as "The Wanderers".[20] The team ended the season in 12th place, 84 games out of first place, with an all-time worst record of 20–134 (.130 winning percentage).[21] Following the 1899 season, the National League disbanded four teams, including the Spiders franchise. The disastrous 1899 season would actually be a step toward a new future for Cleveland fans the next year.

1890, Cleveland Infants – nickname "Babes"

The Cleveland Infants competed in the Players' League, which was well-attended in some cities, but club owners lacked the confidence to continue beyond the one season. The Cleveland Infants finished with 55 wins and 75 losses, playing their home games at Brotherhood Park.[22]

Franchise history

Main article: History of the Cleveland Guardians

1894–1935: Beginning to middle

The Grand Rapids Rippers (also known as the Rustlers) were founded in Michigan in 1894 and were part of the Western League. In 1900 the team moved to Cleveland and was named the Cleveland Lake Shores. Around the same time Ban Johnson changed the name of his minor league (Western League) to the American League. In 1900 the American League was still considered a minor league. In 1901 the team was called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues when the American League broke with the National Agreement and declared itself a competing Major League. The Cleveland franchise was among its eight charter members, and is one of four teams that remain in its original city, along with Boston, Chicago, and Detroit.

 
Nap Lajoie, who won the 1903 American League Batting Championship with the Indians, was the team's namesake from 1903 to 1915, and is an MLB Hall of Famer.

The new team was owned by coal magnate Charles Somers and tailor Jack Kilfoyl. Somers, a wealthy industrialist and also co-owner of the Boston Americans, lent money to other team owners, including Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, to keep them and the new league afloat. Players did not think the name "Bluebirds" was suitable for a baseball team.[23] Writers frequently shortened it to Cleveland Blues due to the players' all-blue uniforms,[24] but the players did not like this unofficial name either.[25] The players themselves tried to change the name to Cleveland Broncos in 1902, but this name never caught on.[23]

Cleveland suffered from financial problems in their first two seasons. This led Somers to seriously consider moving to either Pittsburgh or Cincinnati. Relief came in 1902 as a result of the conflict between the National and American Leagues. In 1901, Napoleon "Nap" Lajoie, the Philadelphia Phillies' star second baseman, jumped to the A's after his contract was capped at $2,400 per year—one of the highest-profile players to jump to the upstart AL. The Phillies subsequently filed an injunction to force Lajoie's return, which was granted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The injunction appeared to doom any hopes of an early settlement between the warring leagues. However, a lawyer discovered that the injunction was only enforceable in the state of Pennsylvania.[23] Mack, partly to thank Somers for his past financial support, agreed to trade Lajoie to the then-moribund Blues, who offered $25,000 salary over three years.[26] Due to the injunction, however, Lajoie had to sit out any games played against the A's in Philadelphia.[27] Lajoie arrived in Cleveland on June 4 and was an immediate hit, drawing 10,000 fans to League Park. Soon afterward, he was named team captain, and in 1903 the team was called the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps after a newspaper conducted a write-in contest.[23]

Lajoie was named manager in 1905, and the team's fortunes improved somewhat. They finished half a game short of the pennant in 1908.[28] However, the success did not last and Lajoie resigned during the 1909 season as manager but remained on as a player.[29]

After that, the team began to unravel, leading Kilfoyl to sell his share of the team to Somers. Cy Young, who returned to Cleveland in 1909, was ineffective for most of his three remaining years[30] and Addie Joss died from tubercular meningitis prior to the 1911 season.[31]

Despite a strong lineup anchored by the potent Lajoie and Shoeless Joe Jackson, poor pitching kept the team below third place for most of the next decade. One reporter referred to the team as the Napkins, "because they fold up so easily". The team hit bottom in 1914 and 1915, finishing in the cellar both years.[32][33]

1915 brought significant changes to the team. Lajoie, nearly 40 years old, was no longer a top hitter in the league, batting only .258 in 1914. With Lajoie engaged in a feud with manager Joe Birmingham, the team sold Lajoie back to the A's.[34]

With Lajoie gone, the club needed a new name. Somers asked the local baseball writers to come up with a new name, and based on their input, the team was renamed the Cleveland Indians.[35] The name referred to the nickname "Indians" that was applied to the Cleveland Spiders baseball club during the time when Louis Sockalexis, a Native American, played in Cleveland (1897–1899).[36]

At the same time, Somers' business ventures began to fail, leaving him deeply in debt. With the Indians playing poorly, attendance and revenue suffered.[37] Somers decided to trade Jackson midway through the 1915 season for two players and $31,500, one of the largest sums paid for a player at the time.[38]

By 1916, Somers was at the end of his tether, and sold the team to a syndicate headed by Chicago railroad contractor James C. "Jack" Dunn.[37] Manager Lee Fohl, who had taken over in early 1915, acquired two minor league pitchers, Stan Coveleski and Jim Bagby and traded for center fielder Tris Speaker, who was engaged in a salary dispute with the Red Sox.[39] All three would ultimately become key players in bringing a championship to Cleveland.

 
The 1920 Indians, who won the first World Series Championship in team history

Speaker took over the reins as player-manager in 1919, and led the team to a championship in 1920. On August 16, 1920, the Indians were playing the Yankees at the Polo Grounds in New York. Shortstop Ray Chapman, who often crowded the plate, was batting against Carl Mays, who had an unusual underhand delivery. It was also late in the afternoon and the infield was completely shaded with the center field area (the batters' background) bathed in sunlight. As well, at the time, "part of every pitcher's job was to dirty up a new ball the moment it was thrown onto the field. By turns, they smeared it with dirt, licorice, tobacco juice; it was deliberately scuffed, sandpapered, scarred, cut, even spiked. The result was a misshapen, earth-colored ball that traveled through the air erratically, tended to soften in the later innings, and as it came over the plate, was very hard to see."[40]

In any case, Chapman did not move reflexively when Mays' pitch came his way. The pitch hit Chapman in the head, fracturing his skull. Chapman died the next day, becoming the only player to sustain a fatal injury from a pitched ball.[41] The Indians, who at the time were locked in a tight three-way pennant race with the Yankees and White Sox,[42] were not slowed down by the death of their teammate. Rookie Joe Sewell hit .329 after replacing Chapman in the lineup.[43]

 
Tris Speaker on a 1933 baseball card

In September 1920, the Black Sox Scandal came to a boil. With just a few games left in the season, and Cleveland and Chicago neck-and-neck for first place at 94–54 and 95–56 respectively,[44][45] the Chicago owner suspended eight players. The White Sox lost two of three in their final series, while Cleveland won four and lost two in their final two series. Cleveland finished two games ahead of Chicago and three games ahead of the Yankees to win its first pennant, led by Speaker's .388 hitting, Jim Bagby's 30 victories and solid performances from Steve O'Neill and Stan Coveleski. Cleveland went on to defeat the Brooklyn Robins 5–2 in the World Series for their first title, winning four games in a row after the Robins took a 2–1 Series lead. The Series included three memorable "firsts", all of them in Game 5 at Cleveland, and all by the home team. In the first inning, right fielder Elmer Smith hit the first Series grand slam. In the fourth inning, Jim Bagby hit the first Series home run by a pitcher. In the top of the fifth inning, second baseman Bill Wambsganss executed the first (and only, so far) unassisted triple play in World Series history, in fact, the only Series triple play of any kind.

The team would not reach the heights of 1920 again for 28 years. Speaker and Coveleski were aging and the Yankees were rising with a new weapon: Babe Ruth and the home run. They managed two second-place finishes but spent much of the decade in the cellar. In 1927 Dunn's widow, Mrs. George Pross (Dunn had died in 1922), sold the team to a syndicate headed by Alva Bradley.

1936–1946: Bob Feller enters the show

The Indians were a middling team by the 1930s, finishing third or fourth most years. 1936 brought Cleveland a new superstar in 17-year-old pitcher Bob Feller, who came from Iowa with a dominating fastball. That season, Feller set a record with 17 strikeouts in a single game and went on to lead the league in strikeouts from 1938 to 1941.

 
Bob Feller; winner of the A.L. pitching Triple Crown in 1940, member of the 1948 World Series Championship team, the Indians all-time leader in wins and strikeouts, and an MLB Hall of Famer

On August 20, 1938, Indians catchers Hank Helf and Frank Pytlak set the "all-time altitude mark" by catching baseballs dropped from the 708-foot (216 m) Terminal Tower.[46]

By 1940, Feller, along with Ken Keltner, Mel Harder and Lou Boudreau, led the Indians to within one game of the pennant. However, the team was wracked with dissension, with some players (including Feller and Mel Harder) going so far as to request that Bradley fire manager Ossie Vitt. Reporters lampooned them as the Cleveland Crybabies.[47][better source needed] Feller, who had pitched a no-hitter to open the season and won 27 games, lost the final game of the season to unknown pitcher Floyd Giebell of the Detroit Tigers. The Tigers won the pennant and Giebell never won another major league game.[48]

Cleveland entered 1941 with a young team and a new manager; Roger Peckinpaugh had replaced the despised Vitt; but the team regressed, finishing in fourth. Cleveland would soon be depleted of two stars. Hal Trosky retired in 1941 due to migraine headaches[49] and Bob Feller enlisted in the Navy two days after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. Starting third baseman Ken Keltner and outfielder Ray Mack were both drafted in 1945 taking two more starters out of the lineup.[50]

1946–1949: The Bill Veeck years

In 1946, Bill Veeck formed an investment group that purchased the Cleveland Indians from Bradley's group for a reported $1.6 million.[51] Among the investors was Bob Hope, who had grown up in Cleveland, and former Tigers slugger, Hank Greenberg.[52] A former owner of a minor league franchise in Milwaukee, Veeck brought to Cleveland a gift for promotion. At one point, Veeck hired rubber-faced[53] Max Patkin, the "Clown Prince of Baseball" as a coach. Patkin's appearance in the coaching box was the sort of promotional stunt that delighted fans but infuriated the American League front office.

Recognizing that he had acquired a solid team, Veeck soon abandoned the aging, small and lightless League Park to take up full-time residence in massive Cleveland Municipal Stadium.[54] The Indians had briefly moved from League Park to Municipal Stadium in mid-1932, but moved back to League Park due to complaints about the cavernous environment. From 1937 onward, however, the Indians began playing an increasing number of games at Municipal, until by 1940 they played most of their home slate there.[55] League Park was mostly demolished in 1951, but has since been rebuilt as a recreational park.[56]

 
Logo from 1946 to 1950

Making the most of the cavernous stadium, Veeck had a portable center field fence installed, which he could move in or out depending on how the distance favored the Indians against their opponents in a given series. The fence moved as much as 15 feet (5 m) between series opponents. Following the 1947 season, the American League countered with a rule change that fixed the distance of an outfield wall for the duration of a season. The massive stadium did, however, permit the Indians to set the then-record for the largest crowd to see a Major League baseball game. On October 10, 1948, Game 5 of the World Series against the Boston Braves drew over 84,000. The record stood until the Los Angeles Dodgers drew a crowd in excess of 92,500 to watch Game 5 of the 1959 World Series at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum against the Chicago White Sox.

Under Veeck's leadership, one of Cleveland's most significant achievements was breaking the color barrier in the American League by signing Larry Doby, formerly a player for the Negro league's Newark Eagles in 1947, 11 weeks after Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers.[54] Similar to Robinson, Doby battled racism on and off the field but posted a .301 batting average in 1948, his first full season. A power-hitting center fielder, Doby led the American League twice in homers.

In 1948, needing pitching for the stretch run of the pennant race, Veeck turned to the Negro leagues again and signed pitching great Satchel Paige amid much controversy.[54] Barred from Major League Baseball during his prime, Veeck's signing of the aging star in 1948 was viewed by many as another publicity stunt. At an official age of 42, Paige became the oldest rookie in Major League baseball history, and the first black pitcher. Paige ended the year with a 6–1 record with a 2.48 ERA, 45 strikeouts and two shutouts.[57]

 
Lou Boudreau, 1948 American League MVP

In 1948, veterans Boudreau, Keltner, and Joe Gordon had career offensive seasons, while newcomers Doby and Gene Bearden also had standout seasons. The team went down to the wire with the Boston Red Sox, winning a one-game playoff, the first in American League history, to go to the World Series. In the series, the Indians defeated the Boston Braves four games to two for their first championship in 28 years. Boudreau won the American League MVP Award.

The Indians appeared in a film the following year titled The Kid From Cleveland, in which Veeck had an interest.[54] The film portrayed the team helping out a "troubled teenaged fan"[58] and featured many members of the Indians organization. However, filming during the season cost the players valuable rest days leading to fatigue towards the end of the season.[54] That season, Cleveland again contended before falling to third place. On September 23, 1949, Bill Veeck and the Indians buried their 1948 pennant in center field the day after they were mathematically eliminated from the pennant race.[54]

Later in 1949, Veeck's first wife (who had a half-stake in Veeck's share of the team) divorced him. With most of his money tied up in the Indians, Veeck was forced to sell the team[59] to a syndicate headed by insurance magnate Ellis Ryan.

1950–1959: Near misses

 
Al Rosen, 1953 Most Valuable Player

In 1953, Al Rosen was an All Star for the second year in a row, was named The Sporting News Major League Player of the Year, and won the American League Most Valuable Player Award in a unanimous vote playing for the Indians after leading the AL in runs, home runs, RBIs (for the second year in a row), and slugging percentage, and coming in second by one point in batting average.[60] Ryan was forced out in 1953 in favor of Myron Wilson, who in turn gave way to William Daley in 1956. Despite this turnover in the ownership, a powerhouse team composed of Feller, Doby, Minnie Miñoso, Luke Easter, Bobby Ávila, Al Rosen, Early Wynn, Bob Lemon, and Mike Garcia continued to contend through the early 1950s. However, Cleveland only won a single pennant in the decade, in 1954, finishing second to the New York Yankees five times.

 
Herb Score – who was the 1955 American League Rookie of the Year, a two-time A.L. All-Star, and after his playing career went on to be the longest-tenured announcer in club history, serving 34 seasons (1964–1997) as a member of the Indians broadcast team.

The winningest season in franchise history came in 1954, when the Indians finished the season with a record of 111–43 (.721). That mark set an American League record for wins that stood for 44 years until the Yankees won 114 games in 1998 (a 162-game regular season). The Indians' 1954 winning percentage of .721 is still an American League record. The Indians returned to the World Series to face the New York Giants. The team could not bring home the title, however, ultimately being upset by the Giants in a sweep. The series was notable for Willie Mays' over-the-shoulder catch off the bat of Vic Wertz in Game 1. Cleveland remained a talented team throughout the remainder of the decade, finishing in second place in 1959, George Strickland's last full year in the majors.

1960–1993: The 33-year slump

From 1960 to 1993, the Indians managed one third-place finish (in 1968) and six fourth-place finishes (in 1960, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1990, and 1992) but spent the rest of the time at or near the bottom of the standings, including four seasons with over 100 losses (1971, 1985, 1987, 1991).

Frank Lane becomes general manager

The Indians hired general manager Frank Lane, known as "Trader" Lane, away from the St. Louis Cardinals in 1957. Lane over the years had gained a reputation as a GM who loved to make deals. With the White Sox, Lane had made over 100 trades involving over 400 players in seven years.[61] In a short stint in St. Louis, he traded away Red Schoendienst and Harvey Haddix.[61] Lane summed up his philosophy when he said that the only deals he regretted were the ones that he did not make.[62]

One of Lane's early trades in Cleveland was to send Roger Maris to the Kansas City Athletics in the middle of 1958. Indians executive Hank Greenberg was not happy about the trade[63] and neither was Maris, who said that he could not stand Lane.[63] After Maris broke Babe Ruth's home run record, Lane defended himself by saying he still would have done the deal because Maris was unknown and he received good ballplayers in exchange.[63]

After the Maris trade, Lane acquired 25-year-old Norm Cash from the White Sox for Minnie Miñoso and then traded him to Detroit before he ever played a game for the Indians; Cash went on to hit over 350 home runs for the Tigers. The Indians received Steve Demeter in the deal, who had only five at-bats for Cleveland.[64]

Curse of Rocky Colavito

See also: Curse of Rocky Colavito

In 1960, Lane made the trade that would define his tenure in Cleveland when he dealt slugging right fielder and fan favorite[65] Rocky Colavito to the Detroit Tigers for Harvey Kuenn just before Opening Day in 1960.

It was a blockbuster trade that swapped the 1959 AL home run co-champion (Colavito) for the AL batting champion (Kuenn). After the trade, however, Colavito hit over 30 home runs four times and made three All-Star teams for Detroit and Kansas City before returning to Cleveland in 1965. Kuenn, on the other hand, played only one season for the Indians before departing for San Francisco in a trade for an aging Johnny Antonelli and Willie Kirkland. Akron Beacon Journal columnist Terry Pluto documented the decades of woe that followed the trade in his book The Curse of Rocky Colavito.[66] Despite being attached to the curse, Colavito said that he never placed a curse on the Indians but that the trade was prompted by a salary dispute with Lane.[67]

Lane also engineered a unique trade of managers in mid-season 1960, sending Joe Gordon to the Tigers in exchange for Jimmy Dykes. Lane left the team in 1961, but ill-advised trades continued. In 1965, the Indians traded pitcher Tommy John, who would go on to win 288 games in his career, and 1966 Rookie of the Year Tommy Agee to the White Sox to get Colavito back.[67]

Indians' pitchers also set numerous strikeout records. They led the league in K's every year from 1963 to 1968, and narrowly missed in 1969. The 1964 staff was the first to amass 1,100 strikeouts, and in 1968, they were the first to collect more strikeouts than hits allowed.

Move to the AL East division

The 1970s were not much better, with the Indians trading away several future stars, including Graig Nettles, Dennis Eckersley, Buddy Bell and 1971 Rookie of the Year Chris Chambliss,[68] for a number of players who made no impact.[69]

Constant ownership changes did not help the Indians. In 1963, Daley's syndicate sold the team to a group headed by general manager Gabe Paul.[23] Three years later, Paul sold the Indians to Vernon Stouffer,[70] of the Stouffer's frozen-food empire. Prior to Stouffer's purchase, the team was rumored to be relocated due to poor attendance. Despite the potential for a financially strong owner, Stouffer had some non-baseball related financial setbacks and, consequently, the team was cash-poor. In order to solve some financial problems, Stouffer had made an agreement to play a minimum of 30 home games in New Orleans with a view to a possible move there.[71] After rejecting an offer from George Steinbrenner and former Indian Al Rosen, Stouffer sold the team in 1972 to a group led by Cleveland Cavaliers and Cleveland Barons owner Nick Mileti.[71] Steinbrenner went on to buy the New York Yankees in 1973.[72]

Only five years later, Mileti's group sold the team for $11 million to a syndicate headed by trucking magnate Steve O'Neill and including former general manager and owner Gabe Paul.[73] O'Neill's death in 1983 led to the team going on the market once more. O'Neill's nephew Patrick O'Neill did not find a buyer until real estate magnates Richard and David Jacobs purchased the team in 1986.[74]

The team was unable to move out of the cellar, with losing seasons between 1969 and 1975. One highlight was the acquisition of Gaylord Perry in 1972. The Indians traded fireballer "Sudden Sam" McDowell for Perry, who became the first Indian pitcher to win the Cy Young Award. In 1975, Cleveland broke another color barrier with the hiring of Frank Robinson as Major League Baseball's first African American manager. Robinson served as player-manager and provided a franchise highlight when he hit a pinch-hit home run on Opening Day. But the high-profile signing of Wayne Garland, a 20-game winner in Baltimore, proved to be a disaster after Garland suffered from shoulder problems and went 28–48 over five years.[75] The team failed to improve with Robinson as manager and he was fired in 1977. In 1977, pitcher Dennis Eckersley threw a no-hitter against the California Angels. The next season, he was traded to the Boston Red Sox where he won 20 games in 1978 and another 17 in 1979.

The 1970s also featured the infamous Ten Cent Beer Night at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. The ill-conceived promotion at a 1974 game against the Texas Rangers ended in a riot by fans and a forfeit by the Indians.[76]

There were more bright spots in the 1980s. In May 1981, Len Barker threw a perfect game against the Toronto Blue Jays, joining Addie Joss as the only other Indian pitcher to do so.[77] "Super Joe" Charboneau won the American League Rookie of the Year award. Unfortunately, Charboneau was out of baseball by 1983 after falling victim to back injuries[78] and Barker, who was also hampered by injuries, never became a consistently dominant starting pitcher.[77]

 
In 1975, Frank Robinson became the first African-American manager in MLB history.

Eventually, the Indians traded Barker to the Atlanta Braves for Brett Butler and Brook Jacoby,[77] who became mainstays of the team for the remainder of the decade. Butler and Jacoby were joined by Joe Carter, Mel Hall, Julio Franco and Cory Snyder, bringing new hope to fans in the late 1980s.[79]

Cleveland's struggles over the 30-year span were highlighted in the 1989 film Major League, which comically depicted a hapless Cleveland ball club going from worst to first by the end of the film.

 
Slider, the team mascot since 1990

Throughout the 1980s, the Indians' owners had pushed for a new stadium. Cleveland Stadium had been a symbol of the Indians' glory years in the 1940s and 1950s.[80] However, during the lean years even crowds of 40,000 were swallowed up by the cavernous environment. The old stadium was not aging gracefully; chunks of concrete were falling off in sections and the old wooden pilings were petrifying.[81] In 1984, a proposal for a $150 million domed stadium was defeated in a referendum 2–1.[82]

Finally, in May 1990, Cuyahoga County voters passed an excise tax on sales of alcohol and cigarettes in the county. The tax proceeds were to be used for financing the construction of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex, which would include Jacobs Field for the Indians and Gund Arena for the Cleveland Cavaliers basketball team.[83]

The team's fortunes started to turn in 1989, ironically with a very unpopular trade. The team sent power-hitting outfielder Joe Carter to the San Diego Padres for two unproven players, Sandy Alomar Jr. and Carlos Baerga. Alomar made an immediate impact, not only being elected to the All-Star team but also winning Cleveland's fourth Rookie of the Year award and a Gold Glove. Baerga became a three-time All-Star with consistent offensive production.

Indians general manager John Hart made a number of moves that finally brought success to the team. In 1991, he hired former Indian Mike Hargrove to manage and traded catcher Eddie Taubensee to the Houston Astros who, with a surplus of outfielders, were willing to part with Kenny Lofton. Lofton finished second in AL Rookie of the Year balloting with a .285 average and 66 stolen bases.

The Indians were named "Organization of the Year" by Baseball America [84] in 1992, in response to the appearance of offensive bright spots and an improving farm system.

The team suffered a tragedy during spring training of 1993, when a boat carrying pitchers Steve Olin, Tim Crews, and Bob Ojeda crashed into a pier. Olin and Crews were killed, and Ojeda was seriously injured. (Ojeda missed most of the season, and retired the following year).[85]

By the end of the 1993 season, the team was in transition, leaving Cleveland Stadium and fielding a talented nucleus of young players. Many of those players came from the Indians' new AAA farm team, the Charlotte Knights, who won the International League title that year.

1994–2001: New beginnings

1994: Jacobs Field opens

Main article: 1994 Cleveland Indians season

Indians General Manager John Hart and team owner Richard Jacobs managed to turn the team's fortunes around. The Indians opened Jacobs Field in 1994 with the aim of improving on the prior season's sixth-place finish. The Indians were only one game behind the division-leading Chicago White Sox on August 12 when a players strike wiped out the rest of the season.

1995–1996: First AL pennant since 1954

Having contended for the division in the aborted 1994 season, Cleveland sprinted to a 100–44 record (the season was shortened by 18 games due to player/owner negotiations) in 1995, winning its first-ever divisional title. Veterans Dennis Martínez, Orel Hershiser and Eddie Murray combined with a young core of players including Omar Vizquel, Albert Belle, Jim Thome, Manny Ramírez, Kenny Lofton and Charles Nagy to lead the league in team batting average as well as team ERA.

After defeating the Boston Red Sox in the Division Series and the Seattle Mariners in the ALCS, Cleveland clinched the American League pennant and a World Series berth, for the first time since 1954. The World Series ended in disappointment, however: the Indians fell in six games to the Atlanta Braves.

 
Kenny Lofton in 1996

Tickets for every Indians home game sold out several months before opening day in 1996.[86] The Indians repeated as AL Central champions but lost to the wild card Baltimore Orioles in the Division Series.

1997: One inning away

Main article: 1997 Cleveland Indians season

In 1997, Cleveland started slow but finished with an 86–75 record. Taking their third consecutive AL Central title, the Indians defeated the New York Yankees in the Division Series, 3–2. After defeating the Baltimore Orioles in the ALCS, Cleveland went on to face the Florida Marlins in the World Series that featured the coldest game in World Series history. With the series tied after Game 6, the Indians went into the ninth inning of Game Seven with a 2–1 lead, but closer José Mesa allowed the Marlins to tie the game. In the eleventh inning, Édgar Rentería drove in the winning run giving the Marlins their first championship. Cleveland became the first team to lose the World Series after carrying the lead into the ninth inning of the seventh game.

1998–2001

In 1998, the Indians made the postseason for the fourth straight year. After defeating the wild-card Boston Red Sox 3–1 in the Division Series, Cleveland lost the 1998 ALCS in six games to the New York Yankees, who had come into the postseason with a then-AL record 114 wins in the regular season.[87]

For the 1999 season, Cleveland added relief pitcher Ricardo Rincón and second baseman Roberto Alomar, brother of catcher Sandy Alomar Jr.,[88] and won the Central Division title for the fifth consecutive year. The team scored 1,009 runs, becoming the first (and to date only) team since the 1950 Boston Red Sox to score more than 1,000 runs in a season. This time, Cleveland did not make it past the first round, losing the Division Series to the Red Sox, despite taking a 2–0 lead in the series. In game three, Indians starter Dave Burba went down with an injury in the 4th inning.[89] Four pitchers, including presumed game four starter Jaret Wright, surrendered nine runs in relief. Without a long reliever or emergency starter on the playoff roster, Hargrove started both Bartolo Colón and Charles Nagy in games four and five on only three days rest.[89] The Indians lost game four 23–7 and game five 12–8.[90] Four days later, Hargrove was dismissed as manager.[91]

In 2000, the Indians had a 44–42 start, but caught fire after the All Star break and went 46–30 the rest of the way to finish 90–72.[92] The team had one of the league's best offenses that year and a defense that yielded three gold gloves. However, they ended up five games behind the Chicago White Sox in the Central division and missed the wild card by one game to the Seattle Mariners. Mid-season trades brought Bob Wickman and Jake Westbrook to Cleveland. After the season, free-agent outfielder Manny Ramírez departed for the Boston Red Sox.

In 2000, Larry Dolan bought the Indians for $320 million from Richard Jacobs, who, along with his late brother David, had paid $45 million for the club in 1986. The sale set a record at the time for the sale of a baseball franchise.[93]

2001 saw a return to the postseason. After the departures of Ramírez and Sandy Alomar Jr., the Indians signed Ellis Burks and former MVP Juan González, who helped the team win the Central division with a 91–71 record. One of the highlights came on August 5, when the Indians completed the biggest comeback in MLB History. Cleveland rallied to close a 14–2 deficit in the seventh inning to defeat the Seattle Mariners 15–14 in 11 innings. The Mariners, who won an MLB record-tying 116 games that season, had a strong bullpen, and Indians manager Charlie Manuel had already pulled many of his starters with the game seemingly out of reach.

Seattle and Cleveland met in the first round of the postseason; however, the Mariners won the series 3–2. In the 2001–02 offseason, GM John Hart resigned and his assistant, Mark Shapiro, took the reins.

2002–2010: The Shapiro/Wedge years

 
Mark Shapiro – Indians GM from 2001 to 2010, President from 2010 to 2015, and two-time Sporting News Executive of the Year

First "rebuilding of the team"

Shapiro moved to rebuild by dealing aging veterans for younger talent. He traded Roberto Alomar to the New York Mets for a package that included outfielder Matt Lawton and prospects Alex Escobar and Billy Traber. When the team fell out of contention in mid-2002, Shapiro fired manager Charlie Manuel and traded pitching ace Bartolo Colón for prospects Brandon Phillips, Cliff Lee, and Grady Sizemore; acquired Travis Hafner from the Rangers for Ryan Drese and Einar Díaz; and picked up Coco Crisp from the St. Louis Cardinals for aging starter Chuck Finley. Jim Thome left after the season, going to the Phillies for a larger contract.

Young Indians teams finished far out of contention in 2002 and 2003 under new manager Eric Wedge. They posted strong offensive numbers in 2004, but continued to struggle with a bullpen that blew more than 20 saves. A highlight of the season was a 22–0 victory over the New York Yankees on August 31, one of the worst defeats suffered by the Yankees in team history.[94]

In early 2005, the offense got off to a poor start. After a brief July slump, the Indians caught fire in August, and cut a 15.5 game deficit in the Central Division down to 1.5 games. However, the season came to an end as the Indians went on to lose six of their last seven games, five of them by one run, missing the playoffs by only two games. Shapiro was named Executive of the Year in 2005.[95] The next season, the club made several roster changes, while retaining its nucleus of young players. The off-season was highlighted by the acquisition of top prospect Andy Marte from the Boston Red Sox. The Indians had a solid offensive season, led by career years from Travis Hafner and Grady Sizemore. Hafner, despite missing the last month of the season, tied the single season grand slam record of six, which was set in 1987 by Don Mattingly.[96] Despite the solid offensive performance, the bullpen struggled with 23 blown saves (a Major League worst), and the Indians finished a disappointing fourth.[97]

In 2007, Shapiro signed veteran help for the bullpen and outfield in the offseason. Veterans Aaron Fultz and Joe Borowski joined Rafael Betancourt in the Indians bullpen.[98] The Indians improved significantly over the prior year and went into the All-Star break in second place. The team brought back Kenny Lofton for his third stint with the team in late July.[99] The Indians finished with a 96–66 record tied with the Red Sox for best in baseball, their seventh Central Division title in 13 years and their first postseason trip since 2001.[100]

 
CC Sabathia won the 2007 AL Cy Young Award with the Indians.
 
Sabathia's teammate Cliff Lee won the AL Cy Young Award in 2008.

The Indians began their playoff run by defeating the Yankees in the ALDS three games to one. This series will be most remembered for the swarm of bugs that overtook the field in the later innings of Game Two. They also jumped out to a three-games-to-one lead over the Red Sox in the ALCS. The season ended in disappointment when Boston swept the final three games to advance to the 2007 World Series.[100]

Despite the loss, Cleveland players took home a number of awards. Grady Sizemore, who had a .995 fielding percentage and only two errors in 405 chances, won the Gold Glove award, Cleveland's first since 2001.[101] Indians Pitcher CC Sabathia won the second Cy Young Award in team history with a 19–7 record, a 3.21 ERA and an MLB-leading 241 innings pitched.[102] Eric Wedge was awarded the first Manager of the Year Award in team history.[103] Shapiro was named to his second Executive of the Year in 2007.[95]

Second "rebuilding of the team"

The Indians struggled during the 2008 season. Injuries to sluggers Travis Hafner and Victor Martinez, as well as starting pitchers Jake Westbrook and Fausto Carmona led to a poor start.[104] The Indians, falling to last place for a short time in June and July, traded CC Sabathia to the Milwaukee Brewers for prospects Matt LaPorta, Rob Bryson, and Michael Brantley.[105] and traded starting third baseman Casey Blake for catching prospect Carlos Santana.[106] Pitcher Cliff Lee went 22–3 with an ERA of 2.54 and earned the AL Cy Young Award.[107] Grady Sizemore had a career year, winning a Gold Glove Award and a Silver Slugger Award,[108] and the Indians finished with a record of 81–81.

Prospects for the 2009 season dimmed early when the Indians ended May with a record of 22–30. Shapiro made multiple trades: Cliff Lee and Ben Francisco to the Philadelphia Phillies for prospects Jason Knapp, Carlos Carrasco, Jason Donald and Lou Marson; Victor Martinez to the Boston Red Sox for prospects Bryan Price, Nick Hagadone and Justin Masterson; Ryan Garko to the Texas Rangers for Scott Barnes; and Kelly Shoppach to the Tampa Bay Rays for Mitch Talbot. The Indians finished the season tied for fourth in their division, with a record of 65–97. The team announced on September 30, 2009, that Eric Wedge and all of the team's coaching staff were released at the end of the 2009 season.[109] Manny Acta was hired as the team's 40th manager on October 25, 2009.[110]

On February 18, 2010, it was announced that Shapiro (following the end of the 2010 season) would be promoted to team President, with current President Paul Dolan becoming the new Chairman/CEO, and longtime Shapiro assistant Chris Antonetti filling the GM role.[111]

2011–present: Antonetti/Chernoff/Francona era

 
Mike Chernoff, who has served as Indians/Guardians' general manager since 2015
 
Manager Terry Francona, who in his tenure with the Indians/Guardians is a three-time AL Manager of the Year (2013, 2016, 2022), led the team to the 2016 AL Championship, and is the all-time franchise leader in wins by a manager

On January 18, 2011, longtime popular former first baseman and manager Mike Hargrove was brought in as a special adviser. The Indians started the 2011 season strong – going 30–15 in their first 45 games and seven games ahead of the Detroit Tigers for first place. Injuries led to a slump where the Indians fell out of first place. Many minor leaguers such as Jason Kipnis and Lonnie Chisenhall got opportunities to fill in for the injuries.[112] The biggest news of the season came on July 30 when the Indians traded four prospects for Colorado Rockies star pitcher, Ubaldo Jiménez. The Indians sent their top two pitchers in the minors, Alex White and Drew Pomeranz along with Joe Gardner and Matt McBride.[113] On August 25, the Indians signed the team leader in home runs, Jim Thome off of waivers.[114] He made his first appearance in an Indians uniform since he left Cleveland after the 2002 season. To honor Thome, the Indians placed him at his original position, third base, for one pitch against the Minnesota Twins on September 25. It was his first appearance at third base since 1996, and his last for Cleveland.[115] The Indians finished the season in 2nd place, 15 games behind the division champion Tigers.[116]

 
Corey Kluber, who is a two-time AL Cy Young Award winner with the Indians (2014, 2017)

The Indians broke Progressive Field's Opening Day attendance record with 43,190 against the Toronto Blue Jays on April 5, 2012. The game went 16 innings, setting the MLB Opening Day record, and lasted 5 hours and 14 minutes.[117]

On September 27, 2012, with six games left in the Indians' 2012 season, Manny Acta was fired; Sandy Alomar Jr. was named interim manager for the remainder of the season.[118] On October 6, the Indians announced that Terry Francona, who managed the Boston Red Sox to five playoff appearances and two World Series between 2004 and 2011, would take over as manager for 2013.[119]

The Indians entered the 2013 season following an active offseason of dramatic roster turnover. Key acquisitions included free agent 1B/OF Nick Swisher and CF Michael Bourn.[120] The team added prized right-handed pitching prospect Trevor Bauer, OF Drew Stubbs, and relief pitchers Bryan Shaw and Matt Albers in a three-way trade with the Arizona Diamondbacks and Cincinnati Reds that sent RF Shin-Soo Choo to the Reds, and Tony Sipp to the Arizona Diamondbacks[121] Other notable additions included utility man Mike Avilés, catcher Yan Gomes, designated hitter Jason Giambi, and starting pitcher Scott Kazmir.[120][122] The 2013 Indians increased their win total by 24 over 2012 (from 68 to 92), finishing in second place, one game behind Detroit in the Central division, but securing the number one seed in the American League Wild Card Standings. In their first postseason appearance since 2007, Cleveland lost the 2013 American League Wild Card Game 4–0 at home to Tampa Bay. Francona was recognized for the turnaround with the 2013 American League Manager of the Year Award.

With an 85–77 record, the 2014 Indians had consecutive winning seasons for the first time since 1999–2001, but they were eliminated from playoff contention during the last week of the season and finished third in the AL Central.

 
Shane Bieber, who won the 2020 AL Cy Young Award, giving the team five winners in 14 seasons

In 2015, after struggling through the first half of the season, the Indians finished 81–80 for their third consecutive winning season, which the team had not done since 1999–2001. For the second straight year, the Tribe finished third in the Central and was eliminated from the Wild Card race during the last week of the season. Following the departure of longtime team executive Mark Shapiro on October 6, the Indians promoted GM Chris Antonetti to President of Baseball Operations, assistant general manager Mike Chernoff to GM, and named Derek Falvey as assistant GM.[123] Falvey was later hired by the Minnesota Twins in 2016, becoming their President of Baseball Operations.

The Indians set what was then a franchise record for longest winning streak when they won their 14th consecutive game, a 2–1 win over the Toronto Blue Jays in 19 innings on July 1, 2016, at Rogers Centre.[124][125] The team clinched the Central Division pennant on September 26, their eighth division title overall and first since 2007, as well as returning to the playoffs for the first time since 2013. They finished the regular season at 94–67, marking their fourth straight winning season, a feat not accomplished since the 1990s and early 2000s.

The Indians began the 2016 postseason by sweeping the Boston Red Sox in the best-of-five American League Division Series, then defeated the Blue Jays in five games in the 2016 American League Championship Series to claim their sixth American League pennant and advance to the World Series against the Chicago Cubs. It marked the first appearance for the Indians in the World Series since 1997 and first for the Cubs since 1945. The Indians took a 3–1 series lead following a victory in Game 4 at Wrigley Field, but the Cubs rallied to take the final three games and won the series 4 games to 3. The Indians' 2016 success led to Francona winning his second AL Manager of the Year Award with the club.

From August 24 through September 15 during the 2017 season, the Indians set a new American League record by winning 22 games in a row.[126] On September 28, the Indians won their 100th game of the season, marking only the third time in history the team has reached that milestone. They finished the regular season with 102 wins, second-most in team history (behind 1954's 111 win team). The Indians earned the AL Central title for the second consecutive year, along with home-field advantage throughout the American League playoffs, but they lost the 2017 ALDS to the Yankees 3–2 after being up 2–0.[127]

In 2018, the Indians won their third consecutive AL Central crown with a 91–71 record, but were swept in the 2018 American League Division Series by the Houston Astros, who outscored Cleveland 21–6. In 2019, despite a two-game improvement, the Indians missed the playoffs as they trailed three games behind the Tampa Bay Rays for the second AL Wild Card berth. During the 2020 season (shortened to 60 games because of the COVID-19 pandemic), the Indians were 35–25, finishing second behind the Minnesota Twins in the AL Central, but qualified for the expanded playoffs. In the best-of-three AL Wild Card Series, the Indians were swept by the New York Yankees, ending their season.

On December 18, 2020, the team confirmed that the Indians name would be dropped after the 2021 season, and then announced on July 23, 2021, that their new name will be the Cleveland Guardians (further information: § Name and logo controversy).[128] They played their last game under the Indians name on October 3, 2021. They officially became the Guardians on November 19, 2021.[9][10][11][2][12]

In their first season under the Guardians name, the team won the 2022 AL Central Division crown, marking the 11th division title in franchise history. In the best-of-three AL Wild Card Series, the Guardians won the series against the Tampa Bay Rays 2–0, to advance to the AL Division Series. The Guardians lost the series to the New York Yankees 3–2, ending their season.

Season-by-season results

Main article: List of Cleveland Guardians seasons

Rivalries

Interleague

See also: Ohio Cup
 
The Ohio Cup trophy

The rivalry with fellow Ohio team the Cincinnati Reds is known as the Battle of Ohio or Buckeye Series and features the Ohio Cup trophy for the winner. Prior to 1997, the winner of the cup was determined by an annual pre-season baseball game, played each year at minor-league Cooper Stadium in the state capital of Columbus, and staged just days before the start of each new Major League Baseball season. A total of eight Ohio Cup games were played, with the Guardians winning six of them. It ended with the start of interleague play in 1997. The winner of the game each year was awarded the Ohio Cup in postgame ceremonies. The Ohio Cup was a favorite among baseball fans in Columbus, with attendances regularly topping 15,000.

Since 1997, the two teams have played each other as part of the regular season, with the exception of 2002. The Ohio Cup was reintroduced in 2008 and is presented to the team who wins the most games in the series that season. Initially, the teams played one three-game series per season, meeting in Cleveland in 1997 and Cincinnati the following year. The teams have played two series per season against each other since 1999, with the exception of 2002, one at each ballpark. A format change in 2013 made each series two games, except in years when the AL and NL Central divisions meet in interleague play, where it is usually extended to three games per series.[129] Through the 2020 meetings, the Guardians lead the series 66–51.[130]

An on-and-off rivalry with the Pittsburgh Pirates stems from the close proximity of the two cities, and features some carryover elements from the longstanding rivalry in the National Football League between the Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers. Because the Guardians' designated interleague rival is the Reds and the Pirates' designated rival is the Tigers, the teams have played periodically. The teams played one three-game series each year from 1997–2001 and periodically between 2002 and 2022, generally only in years in which the AL Central played the NL Central in the former interleague play rotation. The teams played six games in 2020 as MLB instituted an abbreviated schedule focusing on regional match-ups. Beginning in 2023, the teams will play a three-game series each season as a result of the new "balanced" schedule. The Pirates lead the series 21–18.[131]

Divisional

As the Guardians play most of their games every year with each of their AL Central competitors (formerely 19 for each team until 2023), several rivalries have developed.

The Guardians have a geographic rivalry with the Detroit Tigers, highlighted in recent years by intense battles for the AL Central title. The matchup has some carryover elements from the Ohio State-Michigan rivalry, as well as the general historic rivalry between Michigan and Ohio dating back to the Toledo War.

The Chicago White Sox are another rival, dating back to the 1959 season, when the Sox slipped past the Guardians to win the AL pennant. The rivalry intensified when both clubs were moved to the new AL Central in 1994. During that season, the two teams challenged for the division title, with the Guardians one game back of Chicago when the strike began in August. During a game in Chicago, the White Sox confiscated Albert Belle's corked bat, followed by an attempt by Guardians pitcher Jason Grimsley to crawl through the Comiskey Park clubhouse ceiling to retrieve it. Belle later signed with the White Sox in 1997, adding additional intensity to the rivalry.

Logos and uniforms

See also: Major League Baseball uniforms

The official team colors are navy blue, red, and white.[132][133][134]

 
Guardians wordmark logo, featured on the team's home uniforms
Home

The primary home uniform is white with navy blue piping around each sleeve, and the "winged G" logo on the right sleeve. Across the front of the jersey in script font is the word "Guardians" in red with a navy blue outline, with navy blue undershirts, belts, and socks.

The alternate home jersey is red with a navy blue script "Guardians" trimmed in white on the front, and navy blue piping on both sleeves, the "winged G" logo on the right sleeve, with navy blue undershirts, belts, and socks.

The home cap is navy blue with a red bill and features a red "diamond C" on the front.[135]

 
Cleveland in "diamond C" font is featured on the team's road uniforms.
Road

The primary road uniform is gray, with "Cleveland" in navy blue "diamond C" letters, trimmed in red across the front of the jersey, the "winged G" logo on the right sleeve, navy blue piping around the sleeves, and navy blue undershirts, belts, and socks.

The alternate road jersey is navy blue with "Cleveland" in red "diamond C" letters trimmed in white on the front of the jersey, the "winged G" logo on the right sleeve, and navy blue undershirts, belts, and socks.

The road cap is similar to the home cap, with the only difference being the bill is navy blue.

Universal

For all games, the team uses a navy blue batting helmet with a red "diamond C" on the front.[136]

Name and logo controversy

Main article: Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy
See also: Native American mascot controversy
 
Chief Wahoo logo used from 1949 through 2018
 
"Block C" logo used secondarily from 2014 until 2019, then as the team's primary logo from 2019 through 2021 – the final three years under the Indians name

The club name and its cartoon logo have been criticized for perpetuating Native American stereotypes. In 1997 and 1998, protesters were arrested after effigies were burned. Charges were dismissed in the 1997 case, and were not filed in the 1998 case. Protesters arrested in the 1998 incident subsequently fought and lost a lawsuit alleging that their First Amendment rights had been violated.[137][138][139][140]

Bud Selig (then-Commissioner of Baseball) said in 2014 that he had never received a complaint about the logo. He has heard that there are some protesting against the mascots, but individual teams such as the Indians and Atlanta Braves, whose name was also criticized for similar reasons, should make their own decisions.[141] An organized group consisting of Native Americans, which had protested for many years, protested Chief Wahoo on Opening Day 2015, noting that this was the 100th anniversary since the team became the Indians. Owner Paul Dolan, while stating his respect for the critics, said he mainly heard from fans who wanted to keep Chief Wahoo, and had no plans to change.[142]

On January 29, 2018, Major League Baseball announced that Chief Wahoo would be removed from the Indians' uniforms as of the 2019 season, stating that the logo was no longer appropriate for on-field use.[143][144] The block "C" was promoted to the primary logo; at the time, there were no plans to change the team's name.[145]

In 2020, protests over the murder of George Floyd, a black man, by a Minneapolis police officer, led Dolan to reconsider use of the Indians name.[146][147] On July 3, 2020, on the heels of the Washington Redskins announcing that they would "undergo a thorough review" of that team's name, the Indians announced that they would "determine the best path forward" regarding the team's name and emphasized the need to "keep improving as an organization on issues of social justice".[148]

On December 13, 2020, it was reported that the Indians name would be dropped after the 2021 season.[149][150] Although it had been hinted by the team that they may move forward without a replacement name (in similar manner to the Washington Football Team),[149][151] it was announced via Twitter on July 23, 2021, that the team will be named the Guardians, after the Guardians of Traffic, eight large Art Deco statues on the Hope Memorial Bridge, located close to Progressive Field.[152]

The club, however, found itself amid a trademark dispute with a men's roller derby team called the Cleveland Guardians.[153][154][155] The Cleveland Guardians roller derby team has competed in the Men's Roller Derby Association since 2016.[156] In addition, two other entities have attempted to preempt the team's use of the trademark by filing their own registrations with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.[153] The roller derby team filed a federal lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio on October 27, 2021, seeking to block the baseball team's name change.[157][158][159] On November 16, 2021, the lawsuit was resolved, and both teams were allowed to continue using the Guardians name. The name change from Indians to Guardians became official on November 19, 2021.[160][161][9][10][11][2][12]

Media

Main article: List of Cleveland Guardians broadcasters
 
Guardians TV announcer Matt Underwood (seated, center) and longtime lead radio announcer Tom Hamilton (right)

Radio

Cleveland stations WTAM (1100 AM/106.9 FM) and WMMS (100.7 FM) serve as flagship stations for the Cleveland Guardians Radio Network,[162] with lead announcer Tom Hamilton and Jim Rosenhaus calling the games.[163]

TV

The television rights are held by Bally Sports Great Lakes. Lead announcer Matt Underwood, analyst and former Indians Gold Glove-winning centerfielder Rick Manning, and field reporter Andre Knott form the broadcast team.[163][164] Al Pawlowski and former Indians pitcher Jensen Lewis serve as pregame/postgame hosts. Select games are simulcast over-the-air on WKYC channel 3.[165]

Past announcers

Notable former broadcasters include Tom Manning, Jack Graney (the first ex-baseball player to become a play-by-play announcer), Ken Coleman, Joe Castiglione, Van Patrick, Nev Chandler, Bruce Drennan, Jim "Mudcat" Grant, Rocky Colavito, Dan Coughlin, and Jim Donovan.

Previous broadcasters who have had lengthy tenures with the team include Joe Tait (15 seasons between TV and radio), Jack Corrigan (18 seasons on TV), Ford C. Frick Award winner Jimmy Dudley (19 seasons on radio), Mike Hegan (23 seasons between TV and radio), and Herb Score (34 seasons between TV and radio).[166]

Popular culture

Under the Cleveland Indians name, the team has been featured in several films, including:

Awards and honors

See also: Cleveland Guardians award winners and league leaders

Baseball Hall of Famers

Cleveland Guardians Hall of Famers
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
  • Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Indians or Naps cap insignia.
  • * Cleveland Indians listed as primary team according to the Hall of Fame

Ford C. Frick Award recipients

Cleveland Guardians Ford C. Frick Award recipients
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
  • Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Indians/Guardians.

Retired numbers

See also: List of Major League Baseball retired numbers
 
Earl
Averill
CF
Retired June 8, 1975
 
Lou
Boudreau
SS, Manager
Retired July 9, 1970
 
Larry
Doby
CF, Coach
Retired July 3, 1994
 
Mel
Harder
SP, Coach
Retired July 28, 1990
 
Bob
Feller
SP, Coach
Retired December 27, 1956
 
Frank
Robinson
OF, Manager
Retired May 28, 2017
 
Bob
Lemon
P, Coach
Retired June 20, 1998
 
Jim
Thome
1B, DH, 3B
Retired August 18, 2018
 
Jackie
Robinson
All MLB
Retired April 15, 1997
 
The
Fans
 
Retired May 29, 2001
  • Jackie Robinson's number 42 is retired throughout Major League Baseball.
  • The number 455 was retired in honor of the Indians fans after the team sold out 455 consecutive games between 1995 and 2001, which was an MLB record until it was surpassed by the Boston Red Sox on September 8, 2008.

Guardians Hall of Fame

Further information: Cleveland Guardians award winners and league leaders § Cleveland Guardians Hall of Fame

Statues

Numerous Naps/Indians players have had statues made in their honor:

In and around Progressive Field

  • Bob Feller (team all-time leader in wins and strikeouts by a pitcher, 1948 World Series Champion, eight-time All-Star) – since 1994*
  • Jim Thome (team all-time leader in home runs and walks by a hitter, three-time All-Star with the Indians) – since 2014*
  • Larry Doby (First black player in the American League, 1948 World Series Champion, seven-time All-Star) – since 2015*
  • Frank Robinson (Became first black manager in MLB history when he served as player/manager from 1975 to 1977) – since 2017
  • Lou Boudreau (1948 AL MVP, 1948 World Series Champion as player/manager, eight-time All-Star) – since 2017*[167]

In and around Cleveland

  • Hall of Fame outfielder Elmer Flick has a statue in his hometown of Bedford, Ohio, a nearby suburb of Cleveland – since 2013*
  • Former outfielder Luke Easter has a statue outside of his namesake park on the east side of Cleveland – since 1980 (when the park was renamed in Easter's honor following his murder)[168]
  • Five-time All-Star (with the Indians) outfielder Rocky Colavito has a statue in Cleveland's Little Italy neighborhood – since August 10, 2021.[169][170]

(*) – Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as an Indian/Nap.

Murals

In July 2022 - in honor of the 75th anniversary of Larry Doby becoming the AL's first black player - a mural was added to the exterior of Progressive Field, honoring players who were viewed as barrier breakers that played for the Indians/Guardians. The mural features Doby, Frank Robinson, and Satchel Paige.[171]

Streets

A portion of Eagle Avenue near Progressive Field was renamed "Larry Doby Way" in 2012[172]

Parks and fields

A number of parks and newly built and renovated youth baseball fields in Cleveland have been named after former and current Indians/Guardians players, including:

  • Luke Easter Park - named for Easter in 1980 following his murder[173]
  • Jim Thome All-Star Complex - 2019[174]
  • CC Sabathia Field at Luke Easter Park - 2021[175]
  • José Ramírez Field - opening in 2023[176]

Franchise records

Main article: List of Cleveland Guardians team records

Season records

Roster

Cleveland Guardians 2023 spring training roster
40-man roster Non-roster invitees Coaches/Other

Pitchers

Catchers

Infielders

Outfielders


Pitchers

Catchers

Infielders

  • 81 Micah Pries

Outfielders


Manager

Coaches



37 active, 3 inactive, 15 non-roster invitees

  7-, 10-, or 15-day injured list
 * Not on active roster
 † Suspended list
 Roster, coaches, and NRIs updated March 12, 2023
 Transactions • Depth chart
 → All MLB rosters

Minor league affiliations

Main article: List of Cleveland Guardians minor league affiliates

The Cleveland Guardians farm system consists of seven minor league affiliates.[177]

Regular season home attendance

Home Attendance at Jacobs/Progressive Field[178]
Year Total attendance Game average League rank
2000 3,456,278 42,670 1st
2001 3,175,523 39,694 3rd
2002 2,616,940 32,308 5th
2003 1,730,002 21,358 12th
2004 1,814,401 22,400 12th
2005 2,013,763 24,861 12th
2006 1,997,995 24,667 11th
2007 2,275,912 28,449 9th
2008 2,169,760 26,787 9th
2009 1,766,242 21,805 13th
2010 1,391,644 17,181 14th
2011 1,840,835 22,726 9th
2012 1,603,596 19,797 13th
2013 1,572,926 19,419 14th
2014 1,437,393 17,746 15th
2015 1,388,905 17,361 14th
2016 1,591,667 19,650 13th
2017 2,048,138 25,286 11th
2018 1,926,701 23,786 9th
2019 1,738,642 21,465 9th
2020 0* 0 T-1st
2021 1,114,368** 13,758 10th
2022 1,295,870 15,998 12th

(*) - There were no fans allowed in any MLB stadium in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

(**) - At the beginning of the season, there was a limit of 30% capacity due to COVID-19 restrictions implemented by Ohio Governor Mike DeWine. On June 2, DeWine lifted the restrictions, and the team immediately allowed full capacity at Progressive Field.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Nights, weekends, and select games from 1937 to 1946

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland Guardians.
  • Cleveland Guardians official website
  • Cleveland Indians 1998 Annual Report, the last filed with the SEC
  • Sports E-Cyclopedia
Awards and achievements
Preceded by World Series champions
Cleveland Indians
1920 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World Series champions
Cleveland Indians
1948 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
1920 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
1948 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
1954 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
1997 		Succeeded by
Preceded by American League champions
Cleveland Indians
2016 		Succeeded by

March 14, 2023
cleveland, guardians, cleveland, indians, redirects, here, other, uses, cleveland, indians, disambiguation, american, professional, baseball, team, based, cleveland, guardians, compete, major, league, baseball, member, club, american, league, central, division. Cleveland Indians redirects here For other uses see Cleveland Indians disambiguation The Cleveland Guardians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland The Guardians compete in Major League Baseball MLB as a member club of the American League AL Central division Since 1994 they have played at Progressive Field Since their establishment as a Major League franchise in 1901 the team has won 11 Central division titles six American League pennants and two World Series championships in 1920 and 1948 The team s World Series championship drought since 1948 is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams 1 The team s name references the Guardians of Traffic eight monolithic 1932 Art Deco sculptures by Henry Hering on the city s Hope Memorial Bridge which is adjacent to Progressive Field 2 3 The team s mascot is named Slider 4 The team s spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear Arizona 5 Cleveland Guardians2023 Cleveland Guardians seasonEstablished in 1894Based in Cleveland since 1900Team logoCap insigniaMajor league affiliationsAmerican League 1901 present Central Division 1994 present East Division 1969 1993 Western League 1894 1900 Current uniformRetired numbers3514181920212542455ColorsNavy blue red white NameCleveland Guardians 2022 present Cleveland Indians 1915 2021 Cleveland Napoleons Naps 1903 1914 Cleveland Bronchos 1902 Cleveland Bluebirds Blues 1901 1902 Cleveland Lake Shores 1900 Grand Rapids Rippers 1894 1899 BallparkProgressive Field 1994 present Cleveland Stadium 1932 1933 1937 1993 a League Park 1900 1932 1934 1946 Major league titlesWorld Series titles 2 19201948AL Pennants 6 192019481954199519972016AL Central Division titles 11 19951996199719981999200120072016201720182022Wild card berths 2 20132020Front officePrincipal owner s Larry DolanPaul Dolan Chairman CEO President of baseball operationsChris AntonettiGeneral managerMike ChernoffManagerTerry FranconaThe franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rippers a minor league team based in Grand Rapids Michigan that played in the Western League The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was called the Cleveland Lake Shores 6 The Western League itself was renamed the American League prior to the 1900 season while continuing its minor league status When the American League declared itself a major league in 1901 Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902 Beginning in 1903 the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps after team captain Nap Lajoie Following Lajoie s departure after the 1914 season club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name They chose the name Cleveland Indians allegedly a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis a Native American was playing for the team 7 8 That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century Common nicknames for the Indians were the Tribe and the Wahoos the latter referencing their longtime logo Chief Wahoo After it came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy the team ceased using the name Indians following the 2021 season 9 10 11 and were renamed the Guardians for 2022 2 12 From August 24 to September 14 2017 the team won 22 consecutive games the longest winning streak in American League history and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history As of the end of the 2022 season the franchise s overall record is 9 684 9 214 512 13 Contents 1 Early Cleveland baseball teams 2 Franchise history 2 1 1894 1935 Beginning to middle 2 2 1936 1946 Bob Feller enters the show 2 3 1946 1949 The Bill Veeck years 2 4 1950 1959 Near misses 2 5 1960 1993 The 33 year slump 2 5 1 Frank Lane becomes general manager 2 5 2 Curse of Rocky Colavito 2 5 3 Move to the AL East division 2 6 1994 2001 New beginnings 2 6 1 1994 Jacobs Field opens 2 6 2 1995 1996 First AL pennant since 1954 2 6 3 1997 One inning away 2 6 4 1998 2001 2 7 2002 2010 The Shapiro Wedge years 2 7 1 First rebuilding of the team 2 7 2 Second rebuilding of the team 2 8 2011 present Antonetti Chernoff Francona era 3 Season by season results 4 Rivalries 4 1 Interleague 4 2 Divisional 5 Logos and uniforms 5 1 Name and logo controversy 6 Media 6 1 Radio 6 2 TV 6 3 Past announcers 7 Popular culture 8 Awards and honors 8 1 Baseball Hall of Famers 8 2 Ford C Frick Award recipients 8 3 Retired numbers 8 4 Guardians Hall of Fame 8 5 Statues 8 5 1 In and around Progressive Field 8 5 2 In and around Cleveland 8 6 Murals 8 7 Streets 8 8 Parks and fields 9 Franchise records 9 1 Season records 10 Roster 11 Minor league affiliations 12 Regular season home attendance 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 External linksEarly Cleveland baseball teams Edit The team is named after the eight Guardians of Traffic statues displayed on the Hope Memorial Bridge next to their home field In 1857 baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland s Public Squares City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it to the joy of the crowd they were unsuccessful Harold Seymour 14 1865 1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland Amateur 1869 1872 Forest Citys of ClevelandFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club During the 1869 season Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings the first fully professional team 15 16 In the newspapers before and after 1870 the team was often called the Forest Citys in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players NA the first professional league Ultimately two of the league s western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that city s White Stockings impoverished unable to field a team again until 1874 Cleveland was thus the NA s westernmost outpost in 1872 the year the club folded Cleveland played its full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid August and disbanded at the end of the season 17 1879 1881 Cleveland Forest Citys 1882 1884 Cleveland BluesIn 1876 the National League NL supplanted the NA as the major professional league Cleveland was not among its charter members but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries and the city gained an NL team The Cleveland Forest Citys were recreated but rebranded in 1882 as the Cleveland Blues because the National League required distinct colors for that season The Blues had mediocre records for six seasons and were ruined by a trade war with the Union Association UA in 1884 when its three best players Fred Dunlap Jack Glasscock and Jim McCormick jumped to the UA after being offered higher salaries The Cleveland Blues merged with the St Louis Maroons UA team in 1885 1887 1899 Cleveland Spiders nickname Blues Cy Young on a 1911 baseball card Cleveland went without major league baseball for two seasons until gaining a team in the American Association AA in 1887 After the AA s Allegheny club jumped to the NL Cleveland followed suit in 1889 as the AA began to crumble The Cleveland ball club named the Spiders supposedly inspired by their skinny and spindly players slowly became a power in the league 18 In 1891 the Spiders moved into League Park which would serve as the home of Cleveland professional baseball for the next 55 years Led by native Ohioan Cy Young the Spiders became a contender in the mid 1890s playing in the Temple Cup Series that era s World Series twice and winning it in 1895 The team began to fade after this success and was dealt a severe blow under the ownership of the Robison brothers Prior to the 1899 season Frank Robison the Spiders owner bought the St Louis Browns thus owning two clubs at the same time The Browns were renamed the Perfectos and restocked with Cleveland talent Just weeks before the season opener most of the better Spiders were transferred to St Louis including three future Hall of Famers Cy Young Jesse Burkett and Bobby Wallace 19 The roster maneuvers failed to create a powerhouse Perfectos team as St Louis finished fifth in both 1899 and 1900 The Spiders were left with essentially a minor league lineup and began to lose games at a record pace Drawing almost no fans at home they ended up playing most of their season on the road and became known as The Wanderers 20 The team ended the season in 12th place 84 games out of first place with an all time worst record of 20 134 130 winning percentage 21 Following the 1899 season the National League disbanded four teams including the Spiders franchise The disastrous 1899 season would actually be a step toward a new future for Cleveland fans the next year 1890 Cleveland Infants nickname Babes The Cleveland Infants competed in the Players League which was well attended in some cities but club owners lacked the confidence to continue beyond the one season The Cleveland Infants finished with 55 wins and 75 losses playing their home games at Brotherhood Park 22 Franchise history EditMain article History of the Cleveland Guardians 1894 1935 Beginning to middle Edit The Grand Rapids Rippers also known as the Rustlers were founded in Michigan in 1894 and were part of the Western League In 1900 the team moved to Cleveland and was named the Cleveland Lake Shores Around the same time Ban Johnson changed the name of his minor league Western League to the American League In 1900 the American League was still considered a minor league In 1901 the team was called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues when the American League broke with the National Agreement and declared itself a competing Major League The Cleveland franchise was among its eight charter members and is one of four teams that remain in its original city along with Boston Chicago and Detroit Nap Lajoie who won the 1903 American League Batting Championship with the Indians was the team s namesake from 1903 to 1915 and is an MLB Hall of Famer The new team was owned by coal magnate Charles Somers and tailor Jack Kilfoyl Somers a wealthy industrialist and also co owner of the Boston Americans lent money to other team owners including Connie Mack s Philadelphia Athletics to keep them and the new league afloat Players did not think the name Bluebirds was suitable for a baseball team 23 Writers frequently shortened it to Cleveland Blues due to the players all blue uniforms 24 but the players did not like this unofficial name either 25 The players themselves tried to change the name to Cleveland Broncos in 1902 but this name never caught on 23 Cleveland suffered from financial problems in their first two seasons This led Somers to seriously consider moving to either Pittsburgh or Cincinnati Relief came in 1902 as a result of the conflict between the National and American Leagues In 1901 Napoleon Nap Lajoie the Philadelphia Phillies star second baseman jumped to the A s after his contract was capped at 2 400 per year one of the highest profile players to jump to the upstart AL The Phillies subsequently filed an injunction to force Lajoie s return which was granted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court The injunction appeared to doom any hopes of an early settlement between the warring leagues However a lawyer discovered that the injunction was only enforceable in the state of Pennsylvania 23 Mack partly to thank Somers for his past financial support agreed to trade Lajoie to the then moribund Blues who offered 25 000 salary over three years 26 Due to the injunction however Lajoie had to sit out any games played against the A s in Philadelphia 27 Lajoie arrived in Cleveland on June 4 and was an immediate hit drawing 10 000 fans to League Park Soon afterward he was named team captain and in 1903 the team was called the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps after a newspaper conducted a write in contest 23 Lajoie was named manager in 1905 and the team s fortunes improved somewhat They finished half a game short of the pennant in 1908 28 However the success did not last and Lajoie resigned during the 1909 season as manager but remained on as a player 29 1909 Cleveland Naps After that the team began to unravel leading Kilfoyl to sell his share of the team to Somers Cy Young who returned to Cleveland in 1909 was ineffective for most of his three remaining years 30 and Addie Joss died from tubercular meningitis prior to the 1911 season 31 Despite a strong lineup anchored by the potent Lajoie and Shoeless Joe Jackson poor pitching kept the team below third place for most of the next decade One reporter referred to the team as the Napkins because they fold up so easily The team hit bottom in 1914 and 1915 finishing in the cellar both years 32 33 1915 brought significant changes to the team Lajoie nearly 40 years old was no longer a top hitter in the league batting only 258 in 1914 With Lajoie engaged in a feud with manager Joe Birmingham the team sold Lajoie back to the A s 34 With Lajoie gone the club needed a new name Somers asked the local baseball writers to come up with a new name and based on their input the team was renamed the Cleveland Indians 35 The name referred to the nickname Indians that was applied to the Cleveland Spiders baseball club during the time when Louis Sockalexis a Native American played in Cleveland 1897 1899 36 At the same time Somers business ventures began to fail leaving him deeply in debt With the Indians playing poorly attendance and revenue suffered 37 Somers decided to trade Jackson midway through the 1915 season for two players and 31 500 one of the largest sums paid for a player at the time 38 By 1916 Somers was at the end of his tether and sold the team to a syndicate headed by Chicago railroad contractor James C Jack Dunn 37 Manager Lee Fohl who had taken over in early 1915 acquired two minor league pitchers Stan Coveleski and Jim Bagby and traded for center fielder Tris Speaker who was engaged in a salary dispute with the Red Sox 39 All three would ultimately become key players in bringing a championship to Cleveland The 1920 Indians who won the first World Series Championship in team history Speaker took over the reins as player manager in 1919 and led the team to a championship in 1920 On August 16 1920 the Indians were playing the Yankees at the Polo Grounds in New York Shortstop Ray Chapman who often crowded the plate was batting against Carl Mays who had an unusual underhand delivery It was also late in the afternoon and the infield was completely shaded with the center field area the batters background bathed in sunlight As well at the time part of every pitcher s job was to dirty up a new ball the moment it was thrown onto the field By turns they smeared it with dirt licorice tobacco juice it was deliberately scuffed sandpapered scarred cut even spiked The result was a misshapen earth colored ball that traveled through the air erratically tended to soften in the later innings and as it came over the plate was very hard to see 40 In any case Chapman did not move reflexively when Mays pitch came his way The pitch hit Chapman in the head fracturing his skull Chapman died the next day becoming the only player to sustain a fatal injury from a pitched ball 41 The Indians who at the time were locked in a tight three way pennant race with the Yankees and White Sox 42 were not slowed down by the death of their teammate Rookie Joe Sewell hit 329 after replacing Chapman in the lineup 43 Tris Speaker on a 1933 baseball card In September 1920 the Black Sox Scandal came to a boil With just a few games left in the season and Cleveland and Chicago neck and neck for first place at 94 54 and 95 56 respectively 44 45 the Chicago owner suspended eight players The White Sox lost two of three in their final series while Cleveland won four and lost two in their final two series Cleveland finished two games ahead of Chicago and three games ahead of the Yankees to win its first pennant led by Speaker s 388 hitting Jim Bagby s 30 victories and solid performances from Steve O Neill and Stan Coveleski Cleveland went on to defeat the Brooklyn Robins 5 2 in the World Series for their first title winning four games in a row after the Robins took a 2 1 Series lead The Series included three memorable firsts all of them in Game 5 at Cleveland and all by the home team In the first inning right fielder Elmer Smith hit the first Series grand slam In the fourth inning Jim Bagby hit the first Series home run by a pitcher In the top of the fifth inning second baseman Bill Wambsganss executed the first and only so far unassisted triple play in World Series history in fact the only Series triple play of any kind The team would not reach the heights of 1920 again for 28 years Speaker and Coveleski were aging and the Yankees were rising with a new weapon Babe Ruth and the home run They managed two second place finishes but spent much of the decade in the cellar In 1927 Dunn s widow Mrs George Pross Dunn had died in 1922 sold the team to a syndicate headed by Alva Bradley 1936 1946 Bob Feller enters the show Edit The Indians were a middling team by the 1930s finishing third or fourth most years 1936 brought Cleveland a new superstar in 17 year old pitcher Bob Feller who came from Iowa with a dominating fastball That season Feller set a record with 17 strikeouts in a single game and went on to lead the league in strikeouts from 1938 to 1941 Bob Feller winner of the A L pitching Triple Crown in 1940 member of the 1948 World Series Championship team the Indians all time leader in wins and strikeouts and an MLB Hall of Famer On August 20 1938 Indians catchers Hank Helf and Frank Pytlak set the all time altitude mark by catching baseballs dropped from the 708 foot 216 m Terminal Tower 46 By 1940 Feller along with Ken Keltner Mel Harder and Lou Boudreau led the Indians to within one game of the pennant However the team was wracked with dissension with some players including Feller and Mel Harder going so far as to request that Bradley fire manager Ossie Vitt Reporters lampooned them as the Cleveland Crybabies 47 better source needed Feller who had pitched a no hitter to open the season and won 27 games lost the final game of the season to unknown pitcher Floyd Giebell of the Detroit Tigers The Tigers won the pennant and Giebell never won another major league game 48 Cleveland entered 1941 with a young team and a new manager Roger Peckinpaugh had replaced the despised Vitt but the team regressed finishing in fourth Cleveland would soon be depleted of two stars Hal Trosky retired in 1941 due to migraine headaches 49 and Bob Feller enlisted in the Navy two days after the Attack on Pearl Harbor Starting third baseman Ken Keltner and outfielder Ray Mack were both drafted in 1945 taking two more starters out of the lineup 50 1946 1949 The Bill Veeck years Edit In 1946 Bill Veeck formed an investment group that purchased the Cleveland Indians from Bradley s group for a reported 1 6 million 51 Among the investors was Bob Hope who had grown up in Cleveland and former Tigers slugger Hank Greenberg 52 A former owner of a minor league franchise in Milwaukee Veeck brought to Cleveland a gift for promotion At one point Veeck hired rubber faced 53 Max Patkin the Clown Prince of Baseball as a coach Patkin s appearance in the coaching box was the sort of promotional stunt that delighted fans but infuriated the American League front office Recognizing that he had acquired a solid team Veeck soon abandoned the aging small and lightless League Park to take up full time residence in massive Cleveland Municipal Stadium 54 The Indians had briefly moved from League Park to Municipal Stadium in mid 1932 but moved back to League Park due to complaints about the cavernous environment From 1937 onward however the Indians began playing an increasing number of games at Municipal until by 1940 they played most of their home slate there 55 League Park was mostly demolished in 1951 but has since been rebuilt as a recreational park 56 Logo from 1946 to 1950 Making the most of the cavernous stadium Veeck had a portable center field fence installed which he could move in or out depending on how the distance favored the Indians against their opponents in a given series The fence moved as much as 15 feet 5 m between series opponents Following the 1947 season the American League countered with a rule change that fixed the distance of an outfield wall for the duration of a season The massive stadium did however permit the Indians to set the then record for the largest crowd to see a Major League baseball game On October 10 1948 Game 5 of the World Series against the Boston Braves drew over 84 000 The record stood until the Los Angeles Dodgers drew a crowd in excess of 92 500 to watch Game 5 of the 1959 World Series at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum against the Chicago White Sox Under Veeck s leadership one of Cleveland s most significant achievements was breaking the color barrier in the American League by signing Larry Doby formerly a player for the Negro league s Newark Eagles in 1947 11 weeks after Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers 54 Similar to Robinson Doby battled racism on and off the field but posted a 301 batting average in 1948 his first full season A power hitting center fielder Doby led the American League twice in homers In 1948 needing pitching for the stretch run of the pennant race Veeck turned to the Negro leagues again and signed pitching great Satchel Paige amid much controversy 54 Barred from Major League Baseball during his prime Veeck s signing of the aging star in 1948 was viewed by many as another publicity stunt At an official age of 42 Paige became the oldest rookie in Major League baseball history and the first black pitcher Paige ended the year with a 6 1 record with a 2 48 ERA 45 strikeouts and two shutouts 57 Lou Boudreau 1948 American League MVP In 1948 veterans Boudreau Keltner and Joe Gordon had career offensive seasons while newcomers Doby and Gene Bearden also had standout seasons The team went down to the wire with the Boston Red Sox winning a one game playoff the first in American League history to go to the World Series In the series the Indians defeated the Boston Braves four games to two for their first championship in 28 years Boudreau won the American League MVP Award The Indians appeared in a film the following year titled The Kid From Cleveland in which Veeck had an interest 54 The film portrayed the team helping out a troubled teenaged fan 58 and featured many members of the Indians organization However filming during the season cost the players valuable rest days leading to fatigue towards the end of the season 54 That season Cleveland again contended before falling to third place On September 23 1949 Bill Veeck and the Indians buried their 1948 pennant in center field the day after they were mathematically eliminated from the pennant race 54 Later in 1949 Veeck s first wife who had a half stake in Veeck s share of the team divorced him With most of his money tied up in the Indians Veeck was forced to sell the team 59 to a syndicate headed by insurance magnate Ellis Ryan 1950 1959 Near misses Edit Al Rosen 1953 Most Valuable Player In 1953 Al Rosen was an All Star for the second year in a row was named The Sporting News Major League Player of the Year and won the American League Most Valuable Player Award in a unanimous vote playing for the Indians after leading the AL in runs home runs RBIs for the second year in a row and slugging percentage and coming in second by one point in batting average 60 Ryan was forced out in 1953 in favor of Myron Wilson who in turn gave way to William Daley in 1956 Despite this turnover in the ownership a powerhouse team composed of Feller Doby Minnie Minoso Luke Easter Bobby Avila Al Rosen Early Wynn Bob Lemon and Mike Garcia continued to contend through the early 1950s However Cleveland only won a single pennant in the decade in 1954 finishing second to the New York Yankees five times Herb Score who was the 1955 American League Rookie of the Year a two time A L All Star and after his playing career went on to be the longest tenured announcer in club history serving 34 seasons 1964 1997 as a member of the Indians broadcast team The winningest season in franchise history came in 1954 when the Indians finished the season with a record of 111 43 721 That mark set an American League record for wins that stood for 44 years until the Yankees won 114 games in 1998 a 162 game regular season The Indians 1954 winning percentage of 721 is still an American League record The Indians returned to the World Series to face the New York Giants The team could not bring home the title however ultimately being upset by the Giants in a sweep The series was notable for Willie Mays over the shoulder catch off the bat of Vic Wertz in Game 1 Cleveland remained a talented team throughout the remainder of the decade finishing in second place in 1959 George Strickland s last full year in the majors 1960 1993 The 33 year slump Edit From 1960 to 1993 the Indians managed one third place finish in 1968 and six fourth place finishes in 1960 1974 1975 1976 1990 and 1992 but spent the rest of the time at or near the bottom of the standings including four seasons with over 100 losses 1971 1985 1987 1991 Frank Lane becomes general manager Edit The Indians hired general manager Frank Lane known as Trader Lane away from the St Louis Cardinals in 1957 Lane over the years had gained a reputation as a GM who loved to make deals With the White Sox Lane had made over 100 trades involving over 400 players in seven years 61 In a short stint in St Louis he traded away Red Schoendienst and Harvey Haddix 61 Lane summed up his philosophy when he said that the only deals he regretted were the ones that he did not make 62 One of Lane s early trades in Cleveland was to send Roger Maris to the Kansas City Athletics in the middle of 1958 Indians executive Hank Greenberg was not happy about the trade 63 and neither was Maris who said that he could not stand Lane 63 After Maris broke Babe Ruth s home run record Lane defended himself by saying he still would have done the deal because Maris was unknown and he received good ballplayers in exchange 63 After the Maris trade Lane acquired 25 year old Norm Cash from the White Sox for Minnie Minoso and then traded him to Detroit before he ever played a game for the Indians Cash went on to hit over 350 home runs for the Tigers The Indians received Steve Demeter in the deal who had only five at bats for Cleveland 64 Curse of Rocky Colavito Edit See also Curse of Rocky Colavito In 1960 Lane made the trade that would define his tenure in Cleveland when he dealt slugging right fielder and fan favorite 65 Rocky Colavito to the Detroit Tigers for Harvey Kuenn just before Opening Day in 1960 It was a blockbuster trade that swapped the 1959 AL home run co champion Colavito for the AL batting champion Kuenn After the trade however Colavito hit over 30 home runs four times and made three All Star teams for Detroit and Kansas City before returning to Cleveland in 1965 Kuenn on the other hand played only one season for the Indians before departing for San Francisco in a trade for an aging Johnny Antonelli and Willie Kirkland Akron Beacon Journal columnist Terry Pluto documented the decades of woe that followed the trade in his book The Curse of Rocky Colavito 66 Despite being attached to the curse Colavito said that he never placed a curse on the Indians but that the trade was prompted by a salary dispute with Lane 67 Lane also engineered a unique trade of managers in mid season 1960 sending Joe Gordon to the Tigers in exchange for Jimmy Dykes Lane left the team in 1961 but ill advised trades continued In 1965 the Indians traded pitcher Tommy John who would go on to win 288 games in his career and 1966 Rookie of the Year Tommy Agee to the White Sox to get Colavito back 67 Indians pitchers also set numerous strikeout records They led the league in K s every year from 1963 to 1968 and narrowly missed in 1969 The 1964 staff was the first to amass 1 100 strikeouts and in 1968 they were the first to collect more strikeouts than hits allowed Move to the AL East division Edit The 1970s were not much better with the Indians trading away several future stars including Graig Nettles Dennis Eckersley Buddy Bell and 1971 Rookie of the Year Chris Chambliss 68 for a number of players who made no impact 69 Constant ownership changes did not help the Indians In 1963 Daley s syndicate sold the team to a group headed by general manager Gabe Paul 23 Three years later Paul sold the Indians to Vernon Stouffer 70 of the Stouffer s frozen food empire Prior to Stouffer s purchase the team was rumored to be relocated due to poor attendance Despite the potential for a financially strong owner Stouffer had some non baseball related financial setbacks and consequently the team was cash poor In order to solve some financial problems Stouffer had made an agreement to play a minimum of 30 home games in New Orleans with a view to a possible move there 71 After rejecting an offer from George Steinbrenner and former Indian Al Rosen Stouffer sold the team in 1972 to a group led by Cleveland Cavaliers and Cleveland Barons owner Nick Mileti 71 Steinbrenner went on to buy the New York Yankees in 1973 72 Only five years later Mileti s group sold the team for 11 million to a syndicate headed by trucking magnate Steve O Neill and including former general manager and owner Gabe Paul 73 O Neill s death in 1983 led to the team going on the market once more O Neill s nephew Patrick O Neill did not find a buyer until real estate magnates Richard and David Jacobs purchased the team in 1986 74 The team was unable to move out of the cellar with losing seasons between 1969 and 1975 One highlight was the acquisition of Gaylord Perry in 1972 The Indians traded fireballer Sudden Sam McDowell for Perry who became the first Indian pitcher to win the Cy Young Award In 1975 Cleveland broke another color barrier with the hiring of Frank Robinson as Major League Baseball s first African American manager Robinson served as player manager and provided a franchise highlight when he hit a pinch hit home run on Opening Day But the high profile signing of Wayne Garland a 20 game winner in Baltimore proved to be a disaster after Garland suffered from shoulder problems and went 28 48 over five years 75 The team failed to improve with Robinson as manager and he was fired in 1977 In 1977 pitcher Dennis Eckersley threw a no hitter against the California Angels The next season he was traded to the Boston Red Sox where he won 20 games in 1978 and another 17 in 1979 The 1970s also featured the infamous Ten Cent Beer Night at Cleveland Municipal Stadium The ill conceived promotion at a 1974 game against the Texas Rangers ended in a riot by fans and a forfeit by the Indians 76 There were more bright spots in the 1980s In May 1981 Len Barker threw a perfect game against the Toronto Blue Jays joining Addie Joss as the only other Indian pitcher to do so 77 Super Joe Charboneau won the American League Rookie of the Year award Unfortunately Charboneau was out of baseball by 1983 after falling victim to back injuries 78 and Barker who was also hampered by injuries never became a consistently dominant starting pitcher 77 In 1975 Frank Robinson became the first African American manager in MLB history Eventually the Indians traded Barker to the Atlanta Braves for Brett Butler and Brook Jacoby 77 who became mainstays of the team for the remainder of the decade Butler and Jacoby were joined by Joe Carter Mel Hall Julio Franco and Cory Snyder bringing new hope to fans in the late 1980s 79 Cleveland s struggles over the 30 year span were highlighted in the 1989 film Major League which comically depicted a hapless Cleveland ball club going from worst to first by the end of the film Slider the team mascot since 1990 Throughout the 1980s the Indians owners had pushed for a new stadium Cleveland Stadium had been a symbol of the Indians glory years in the 1940s and 1950s 80 However during the lean years even crowds of 40 000 were swallowed up by the cavernous environment The old stadium was not aging gracefully chunks of concrete were falling off in sections and the old wooden pilings were petrifying 81 In 1984 a proposal for a 150 million domed stadium was defeated in a referendum 2 1 82 Finally in May 1990 Cuyahoga County voters passed an excise tax on sales of alcohol and cigarettes in the county The tax proceeds were to be used for financing the construction of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex which would include Jacobs Field for the Indians and Gund Arena for the Cleveland Cavaliers basketball team 83 The team s fortunes started to turn in 1989 ironically with a very unpopular trade The team sent power hitting outfielder Joe Carter to the San Diego Padres for two unproven players Sandy Alomar Jr and Carlos Baerga Alomar made an immediate impact not only being elected to the All Star team but also winning Cleveland s fourth Rookie of the Year award and a Gold Glove Baerga became a three time All Star with consistent offensive production Indians general manager John Hart made a number of moves that finally brought success to the team In 1991 he hired former Indian Mike Hargrove to manage and traded catcher Eddie Taubensee to the Houston Astros who with a surplus of outfielders were willing to part with Kenny Lofton Lofton finished second in AL Rookie of the Year balloting with a 285 average and 66 stolen bases The Indians were named Organization of the Year by Baseball America 84 in 1992 in response to the appearance of offensive bright spots and an improving farm system The team suffered a tragedy during spring training of 1993 when a boat carrying pitchers Steve Olin Tim Crews and Bob Ojeda crashed into a pier Olin and Crews were killed and Ojeda was seriously injured Ojeda missed most of the season and retired the following year 85 By the end of the 1993 season the team was in transition leaving Cleveland Stadium and fielding a talented nucleus of young players Many of those players came from the Indians new AAA farm team the Charlotte Knights who won the International League title that year 1994 2001 New beginnings Edit 1994 Jacobs Field opens Edit Main article 1994 Cleveland Indians season Progressive Field in 2008 Indians General Manager John Hart and team owner Richard Jacobs managed to turn the team s fortunes around The Indians opened Jacobs Field in 1994 with the aim of improving on the prior season s sixth place finish The Indians were only one game behind the division leading Chicago White Sox on August 12 when a players strike wiped out the rest of the season 1995 1996 First AL pennant since 1954 Edit Having contended for the division in the aborted 1994 season Cleveland sprinted to a 100 44 record the season was shortened by 18 games due to player owner negotiations in 1995 winning its first ever divisional title Veterans Dennis Martinez Orel Hershiser and Eddie Murray combined with a young core of players including Omar Vizquel Albert Belle Jim Thome Manny Ramirez Kenny Lofton and Charles Nagy to lead the league in team batting average as well as team ERA After defeating the Boston Red Sox in the Division Series and the Seattle Mariners in the ALCS Cleveland clinched the American League pennant and a World Series berth for the first time since 1954 The World Series ended in disappointment however the Indians fell in six games to the Atlanta Braves Kenny Lofton in 1996 Tickets for every Indians home game sold out several months before opening day in 1996 86 The Indians repeated as AL Central champions but lost to the wild card Baltimore Orioles in the Division Series 1997 One inning away Edit Main article 1997 Cleveland Indians season In 1997 Cleveland started slow but finished with an 86 75 record Taking their third consecutive AL Central title the Indians defeated the New York Yankees in the Division Series 3 2 After defeating the Baltimore Orioles in the ALCS Cleveland went on to face the Florida Marlins in the World Series that featured the coldest game in World Series history With the series tied after Game 6 the Indians went into the ninth inning of Game Seven with a 2 1 lead but closer Jose Mesa allowed the Marlins to tie the game In the eleventh inning Edgar Renteria drove in the winning run giving the Marlins their first championship Cleveland became the first team to lose the World Series after carrying the lead into the ninth inning of the seventh game 1998 2001 Edit In 1998 the Indians made the postseason for the fourth straight year After defeating the wild card Boston Red Sox 3 1 in the Division Series Cleveland lost the 1998 ALCS in six games to the New York Yankees who had come into the postseason with a then AL record 114 wins in the regular season 87 For the 1999 season Cleveland added relief pitcher Ricardo Rincon and second baseman Roberto Alomar brother of catcher Sandy Alomar Jr 88 and won the Central Division title for the fifth consecutive year The team scored 1 009 runs becoming the first and to date only team since the 1950 Boston Red Sox to score more than 1 000 runs in a season This time Cleveland did not make it past the first round losing the Division Series to the Red Sox despite taking a 2 0 lead in the series In game three Indians starter Dave Burba went down with an injury in the 4th inning 89 Four pitchers including presumed game four starter Jaret Wright surrendered nine runs in relief Without a long reliever or emergency starter on the playoff roster Hargrove started both Bartolo Colon and Charles Nagy in games four and five on only three days rest 89 The Indians lost game four 23 7 and game five 12 8 90 Four days later Hargrove was dismissed as manager 91 In 2000 the Indians had a 44 42 start but caught fire after the All Star break and went 46 30 the rest of the way to finish 90 72 92 The team had one of the league s best offenses that year and a defense that yielded three gold gloves However they ended up five games behind the Chicago White Sox in the Central division and missed the wild card by one game to the Seattle Mariners Mid season trades brought Bob Wickman and Jake Westbrook to Cleveland After the season free agent outfielder Manny Ramirez departed for the Boston Red Sox In 2000 Larry Dolan bought the Indians for 320 million from Richard Jacobs who along with his late brother David had paid 45 million for the club in 1986 The sale set a record at the time for the sale of a baseball franchise 93 2001 saw a return to the postseason After the departures of Ramirez and Sandy Alomar Jr the Indians signed Ellis Burks and former MVP Juan Gonzalez who helped the team win the Central division with a 91 71 record One of the highlights came on August 5 when the Indians completed the biggest comeback in MLB History Cleveland rallied to close a 14 2 deficit in the seventh inning to defeat the Seattle Mariners 15 14 in 11 innings The Mariners who won an MLB record tying 116 games that season had a strong bullpen and Indians manager Charlie Manuel had already pulled many of his starters with the game seemingly out of reach Seattle and Cleveland met in the first round of the postseason however the Mariners won the series 3 2 In the 2001 02 offseason GM John Hart resigned and his assistant Mark Shapiro took the reins 2002 2010 The Shapiro Wedge years Edit Mark Shapiro Indians GM from 2001 to 2010 President from 2010 to 2015 and two time Sporting News Executive of the Year First rebuilding of the team Edit Shapiro moved to rebuild by dealing aging veterans for younger talent He traded Roberto Alomar to the New York Mets for a package that included outfielder Matt Lawton and prospects Alex Escobar and Billy Traber When the team fell out of contention in mid 2002 Shapiro fired manager Charlie Manuel and traded pitching ace Bartolo Colon for prospects Brandon Phillips Cliff Lee and Grady Sizemore acquired Travis Hafner from the Rangers for Ryan Drese and Einar Diaz and picked up Coco Crisp from the St Louis Cardinals for aging starter Chuck Finley Jim Thome left after the season going to the Phillies for a larger contract Young Indians teams finished far out of contention in 2002 and 2003 under new manager Eric Wedge They posted strong offensive numbers in 2004 but continued to struggle with a bullpen that blew more than 20 saves A highlight of the season was a 22 0 victory over the New York Yankees on August 31 one of the worst defeats suffered by the Yankees in team history 94 In early 2005 the offense got off to a poor start After a brief July slump the Indians caught fire in August and cut a 15 5 game deficit in the Central Division down to 1 5 games However the season came to an end as the Indians went on to lose six of their last seven games five of them by one run missing the playoffs by only two games Shapiro was named Executive of the Year in 2005 95 The next season the club made several roster changes while retaining its nucleus of young players The off season was highlighted by the acquisition of top prospect Andy Marte from the Boston Red Sox The Indians had a solid offensive season led by career years from Travis Hafner and Grady Sizemore Hafner despite missing the last month of the season tied the single season grand slam record of six which was set in 1987 by Don Mattingly 96 Despite the solid offensive performance the bullpen struggled with 23 blown saves a Major League worst and the Indians finished a disappointing fourth 97 In 2007 Shapiro signed veteran help for the bullpen and outfield in the offseason Veterans Aaron Fultz and Joe Borowski joined Rafael Betancourt in the Indians bullpen 98 The Indians improved significantly over the prior year and went into the All Star break in second place The team brought back Kenny Lofton for his third stint with the team in late July 99 The Indians finished with a 96 66 record tied with the Red Sox for best in baseball their seventh Central Division title in 13 years and their first postseason trip since 2001 100 CC Sabathia won the 2007 AL Cy Young Award with the Indians Sabathia s teammate Cliff Lee won the AL Cy Young Award in 2008 The Indians began their playoff run by defeating the Yankees in the ALDS three games to one This series will be most remembered for the swarm of bugs that overtook the field in the later innings of Game Two They also jumped out to a three games to one lead over the Red Sox in the ALCS The season ended in disappointment when Boston swept the final three games to advance to the 2007 World Series 100 Despite the loss Cleveland players took home a number of awards Grady Sizemore who had a 995 fielding percentage and only two errors in 405 chances won the Gold Glove award Cleveland s first since 2001 101 Indians Pitcher CC Sabathia won the second Cy Young Award in team history with a 19 7 record a 3 21 ERA and an MLB leading 241 innings pitched 102 Eric Wedge was awarded the first Manager of the Year Award in team history 103 Shapiro was named to his second Executive of the Year in 2007 95 Second rebuilding of the team Edit The Indians struggled during the 2008 season Injuries to sluggers Travis Hafner and Victor Martinez as well as starting pitchers Jake Westbrook and Fausto Carmona led to a poor start 104 The Indians falling to last place for a short time in June and July traded CC Sabathia to the Milwaukee Brewers for prospects Matt LaPorta Rob Bryson and Michael Brantley 105 and traded starting third baseman Casey Blake for catching prospect Carlos Santana 106 Pitcher Cliff Lee went 22 3 with an ERA of 2 54 and earned the AL Cy Young Award 107 Grady Sizemore had a career year winning a Gold Glove Award and a Silver Slugger Award 108 and the Indians finished with a record of 81 81 Prospects for the 2009 season dimmed early when the Indians ended May with a record of 22 30 Shapiro made multiple trades Cliff Lee and Ben Francisco to the Philadelphia Phillies for prospects Jason Knapp Carlos Carrasco Jason Donald and Lou Marson Victor Martinez to the Boston Red Sox for prospects Bryan Price Nick Hagadone and Justin Masterson Ryan Garko to the Texas Rangers for Scott Barnes and Kelly Shoppach to the Tampa Bay Rays for Mitch Talbot The Indians finished the season tied for fourth in their division with a record of 65 97 The team announced on September 30 2009 that Eric Wedge and all of the team s coaching staff were released at the end of the 2009 season 109 Manny Acta was hired as the team s 40th manager on October 25 2009 110 On February 18 2010 it was announced that Shapiro following the end of the 2010 season would be promoted to team President with current President Paul Dolan becoming the new Chairman CEO and longtime Shapiro assistant Chris Antonetti filling the GM role 111 2011 present Antonetti Chernoff Francona era Edit Mike Chernoff who has served as Indians Guardians general manager since 2015 Manager Terry Francona who in his tenure with the Indians Guardians is a three time AL Manager of the Year 2013 2016 2022 led the team to the 2016 AL Championship and is the all time franchise leader in wins by a manager On January 18 2011 longtime popular former first baseman and manager Mike Hargrove was brought in as a special adviser The Indians started the 2011 season strong going 30 15 in their first 45 games and seven games ahead of the Detroit Tigers for first place Injuries led to a slump where the Indians fell out of first place Many minor leaguers such as Jason Kipnis and Lonnie Chisenhall got opportunities to fill in for the injuries 112 The biggest news of the season came on July 30 when the Indians traded four prospects for Colorado Rockies star pitcher Ubaldo Jimenez The Indians sent their top two pitchers in the minors Alex White and Drew Pomeranz along with Joe Gardner and Matt McBride 113 On August 25 the Indians signed the team leader in home runs Jim Thome off of waivers 114 He made his first appearance in an Indians uniform since he left Cleveland after the 2002 season To honor Thome the Indians placed him at his original position third base for one pitch against the Minnesota Twins on September 25 It was his first appearance at third base since 1996 and his last for Cleveland 115 The Indians finished the season in 2nd place 15 games behind the division champion Tigers 116 Corey Kluber who is a two time AL Cy Young Award winner with the Indians 2014 2017 The Indians broke Progressive Field s Opening Day attendance record with 43 190 against the Toronto Blue Jays on April 5 2012 The game went 16 innings setting the MLB Opening Day record and lasted 5 hours and 14 minutes 117 On September 27 2012 with six games left in the Indians 2012 season Manny Acta was fired Sandy Alomar Jr was named interim manager for the remainder of the season 118 On October 6 the Indians announced that Terry Francona who managed the Boston Red Sox to five playoff appearances and two World Series between 2004 and 2011 would take over as manager for 2013 119 The Indians entered the 2013 season following an active offseason of dramatic roster turnover Key acquisitions included free agent 1B OF Nick Swisher and CF Michael Bourn 120 The team added prized right handed pitching prospect Trevor Bauer OF Drew Stubbs and relief pitchers Bryan Shaw and Matt Albers in a three way trade with the Arizona Diamondbacks and Cincinnati Reds that sent RF Shin Soo Choo to the Reds and Tony Sipp to the Arizona Diamondbacks 121 Other notable additions included utility man Mike Aviles catcher Yan Gomes designated hitter Jason Giambi and starting pitcher Scott Kazmir 120 122 The 2013 Indians increased their win total by 24 over 2012 from 68 to 92 finishing in second place one game behind Detroit in the Central division but securing the number one seed in the American League Wild Card Standings In their first postseason appearance since 2007 Cleveland lost the 2013 American League Wild Card Game 4 0 at home to Tampa Bay Francona was recognized for the turnaround with the 2013 American League Manager of the Year Award With an 85 77 record the 2014 Indians had consecutive winning seasons for the first time since 1999 2001 but they were eliminated from playoff contention during the last week of the season and finished third in the AL Central Shane Bieber who won the 2020 AL Cy Young Award giving the team five winners in 14 seasons In 2015 after struggling through the first half of the season the Indians finished 81 80 for their third consecutive winning season which the team had not done since 1999 2001 For the second straight year the Tribe finished third in the Central and was eliminated from the Wild Card race during the last week of the season Following the departure of longtime team executive Mark Shapiro on October 6 the Indians promoted GM Chris Antonetti to President of Baseball Operations assistant general manager Mike Chernoff to GM and named Derek Falvey as assistant GM 123 Falvey was later hired by the Minnesota Twins in 2016 becoming their President of Baseball Operations The Indians set what was then a franchise record for longest winning streak when they won their 14th consecutive game a 2 1 win over the Toronto Blue Jays in 19 innings on July 1 2016 at Rogers Centre 124 125 The team clinched the Central Division pennant on September 26 their eighth division title overall and first since 2007 as well as returning to the playoffs for the first time since 2013 They finished the regular season at 94 67 marking their fourth straight winning season a feat not accomplished since the 1990s and early 2000s The Indians began the 2016 postseason by sweeping the Boston Red Sox in the best of five American League Division Series then defeated the Blue Jays in five games in the 2016 American League Championship Series to claim their sixth American League pennant and advance to the World Series against the Chicago Cubs It marked the first appearance for the Indians in the World Series since 1997 and first for the Cubs since 1945 The Indians took a 3 1 series lead following a victory in Game 4 at Wrigley Field but the Cubs rallied to take the final three games and won the series 4 games to 3 The Indians 2016 success led to Francona winning his second AL Manager of the Year Award with the club From August 24 through September 15 during the 2017 season the Indians set a new American League record by winning 22 games in a row 126 On September 28 the Indians won their 100th game of the season marking only the third time in history the team has reached that milestone They finished the regular season with 102 wins second most in team history behind 1954 s 111 win team The Indians earned the AL Central title for the second consecutive year along with home field advantage throughout the American League playoffs but they lost the 2017 ALDS to the Yankees 3 2 after being up 2 0 127 In 2018 the Indians won their third consecutive AL Central crown with a 91 71 record but were swept in the 2018 American League Division Series by the Houston Astros who outscored Cleveland 21 6 In 2019 despite a two game improvement the Indians missed the playoffs as they trailed three games behind the Tampa Bay Rays for the second AL Wild Card berth During the 2020 season shortened to 60 games because of the COVID 19 pandemic the Indians were 35 25 finishing second behind the Minnesota Twins in the AL Central but qualified for the expanded playoffs In the best of three AL Wild Card Series the Indians were swept by the New York Yankees ending their season On December 18 2020 the team confirmed that the Indians name would be dropped after the 2021 season and then announced on July 23 2021 that their new name will be the Cleveland Guardians further information Name and logo controversy 128 They played their last game under the Indians name on October 3 2021 They officially became the Guardians on November 19 2021 9 10 11 2 12 In their first season under the Guardians name the team won the 2022 AL Central Division crown marking the 11th division title in franchise history In the best of three AL Wild Card Series the Guardians won the series against the Tampa Bay Rays 2 0 to advance to the AL Division Series The Guardians lost the series to the New York Yankees 3 2 ending their season Season by season results EditMain article List of Cleveland Guardians seasonsRivalries EditInterleague Edit See also Ohio Cup The Ohio Cup trophy The rivalry with fellow Ohio team the Cincinnati Reds is known as the Battle of Ohio or Buckeye Series and features the Ohio Cup trophy for the winner Prior to 1997 the winner of the cup was determined by an annual pre season baseball game played each year at minor league Cooper Stadium in the state capital of Columbus and staged just days before the start of each new Major League Baseball season A total of eight Ohio Cup games were played with the Guardians winning six of them It ended with the start of interleague play in 1997 The winner of the game each year was awarded the Ohio Cup in postgame ceremonies The Ohio Cup was a favorite among baseball fans in Columbus with attendances regularly topping 15 000 Since 1997 the two teams have played each other as part of the regular season with the exception of 2002 The Ohio Cup was reintroduced in 2008 and is presented to the team who wins the most games in the series that season Initially the teams played one three game series per season meeting in Cleveland in 1997 and Cincinnati the following year The teams have played two series per season against each other since 1999 with the exception of 2002 one at each ballpark A format change in 2013 made each series two games except in years when the AL and NL Central divisions meet in interleague play where it is usually extended to three games per series 129 Through the 2020 meetings the Guardians lead the series 66 51 130 An on and off rivalry with the Pittsburgh Pirates stems from the close proximity of the two cities and features some carryover elements from the longstanding rivalry in the National Football League between the Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers Because the Guardians designated interleague rival is the Reds and the Pirates designated rival is the Tigers the teams have played periodically The teams played one three game series each year from 1997 2001 and periodically between 2002 and 2022 generally only in years in which the AL Central played the NL Central in the former interleague play rotation The teams played six games in 2020 as MLB instituted an abbreviated schedule focusing on regional match ups Beginning in 2023 the teams will play a three game series each season as a result of the new balanced schedule The Pirates lead the series 21 18 131 Divisional Edit As the Guardians play most of their games every year with each of their AL Central competitors formerely 19 for each team until 2023 several rivalries have developed The Guardians have a geographic rivalry with the Detroit Tigers highlighted in recent years by intense battles for the AL Central title The matchup has some carryover elements from the Ohio State Michigan rivalry as well as the general historic rivalry between Michigan and Ohio dating back to the Toledo War The Chicago White Sox are another rival dating back to the 1959 season when the Sox slipped past the Guardians to win the AL pennant The rivalry intensified when both clubs were moved to the new AL Central in 1994 During that season the two teams challenged for the division title with the Guardians one game back of Chicago when the strike began in August During a game in Chicago the White Sox confiscated Albert Belle s corked bat followed by an attempt by Guardians pitcher Jason Grimsley to crawl through the Comiskey Park clubhouse ceiling to retrieve it Belle later signed with the White Sox in 1997 adding additional intensity to the rivalry Logos and uniforms EditSee also Major League Baseball uniforms The official team colors are navy blue red and white 132 133 134 Guardians wordmark logo featured on the team s home uniforms HomeThe primary home uniform is white with navy blue piping around each sleeve and the winged G logo on the right sleeve Across the front of the jersey in script font is the word Guardians in red with a navy blue outline with navy blue undershirts belts and socks The alternate home jersey is red with a navy blue script Guardians trimmed in white on the front and navy blue piping on both sleeves the winged G logo on the right sleeve with navy blue undershirts belts and socks The home cap is navy blue with a red bill and features a red diamond C on the front 135 Cleveland in diamond C font is featured on the team s road uniforms RoadThe primary road uniform is gray with Cleveland in navy blue diamond C letters trimmed in red across the front of the jersey the winged G logo on the right sleeve navy blue piping around the sleeves and navy blue undershirts belts and socks The alternate road jersey is navy blue with Cleveland in red diamond C letters trimmed in white on the front of the jersey the winged G logo on the right sleeve and navy blue undershirts belts and socks The road cap is similar to the home cap with the only difference being the bill is navy blue UniversalFor all games the team uses a navy blue batting helmet with a red diamond C on the front 136 Name and logo controversy Edit Main article Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy See also Native American mascot controversy Chief Wahoo logo used from 1949 through 2018 Block C logo used secondarily from 2014 until 2019 then as the team s primary logo from 2019 through 2021 the final three years under the Indians name The club name and its cartoon logo have been criticized for perpetuating Native American stereotypes In 1997 and 1998 protesters were arrested after effigies were burned Charges were dismissed in the 1997 case and were not filed in the 1998 case Protesters arrested in the 1998 incident subsequently fought and lost a lawsuit alleging that their First Amendment rights had been violated 137 138 139 140 Bud Selig then Commissioner of Baseball said in 2014 that he had never received a complaint about the logo He has heard that there are some protesting against the mascots but individual teams such as the Indians and Atlanta Braves whose name was also criticized for similar reasons should make their own decisions 141 An organized group consisting of Native Americans which had protested for many years protested Chief Wahoo on Opening Day 2015 noting that this was the 100th anniversary since the team became the Indians Owner Paul Dolan while stating his respect for the critics said he mainly heard from fans who wanted to keep Chief Wahoo and had no plans to change 142 On January 29 2018 Major League Baseball announced that Chief Wahoo would be removed from the Indians uniforms as of the 2019 season stating that the logo was no longer appropriate for on field use 143 144 The block C was promoted to the primary logo at the time there were no plans to change the team s name 145 In 2020 protests over the murder of George Floyd a black man by a Minneapolis police officer led Dolan to reconsider use of the Indians name 146 147 On July 3 2020 on the heels of the Washington Redskins announcing that they would undergo a thorough review of that team s name the Indians announced that they would determine the best path forward regarding the team s name and emphasized the need to keep improving as an organization on issues of social justice 148 On December 13 2020 it was reported that the Indians name would be dropped after the 2021 season 149 150 Although it had been hinted by the team that they may move forward without a replacement name in similar manner to the Washington Football Team 149 151 it was announced via Twitter on July 23 2021 that the team will be named the Guardians after the Guardians of Traffic eight large Art Deco statues on the Hope Memorial Bridge located close to Progressive Field 152 The club however found itself amid a trademark dispute with a men s roller derby team called the Cleveland Guardians 153 154 155 The Cleveland Guardians roller derby team has competed in the Men s Roller Derby Association since 2016 156 In addition two other entities have attempted to preempt the team s use of the trademark by filing their own registrations with the U S Patent and Trademark Office 153 The roller derby team filed a federal lawsuit in the U S District Court for the Northern District of Ohio on October 27 2021 seeking to block the baseball team s name change 157 158 159 On November 16 2021 the lawsuit was resolved and both teams were allowed to continue using the Guardians name The name change from Indians to Guardians became official on November 19 2021 160 161 9 10 11 2 12 Media EditMain article List of Cleveland Guardians broadcasters Guardians TV announcer Matt Underwood seated center and longtime lead radio announcer Tom Hamilton right Radio Edit Cleveland stations WTAM 1100 AM 106 9 FM and WMMS 100 7 FM serve as flagship stations for the Cleveland Guardians Radio Network 162 with lead announcer Tom Hamilton and Jim Rosenhaus calling the games 163 TV Edit The television rights are held by Bally Sports Great Lakes Lead announcer Matt Underwood analyst and former Indians Gold Glove winning centerfielder Rick Manning and field reporter Andre Knott form the broadcast team 163 164 Al Pawlowski and former Indians pitcher Jensen Lewis serve as pregame postgame hosts Select games are simulcast over the air on WKYC channel 3 165 Past announcers Edit Notable former broadcasters include Tom Manning Jack Graney the first ex baseball player to become a play by play announcer Ken Coleman Joe Castiglione Van Patrick Nev Chandler Bruce Drennan Jim Mudcat Grant Rocky Colavito Dan Coughlin and Jim Donovan Previous broadcasters who have had lengthy tenures with the team include Joe Tait 15 seasons between TV and radio Jack Corrigan 18 seasons on TV Ford C Frick Award winner Jimmy Dudley 19 seasons on radio Mike Hegan 23 seasons between TV and radio and Herb Score 34 seasons between TV and radio 166 Popular culture EditUnder the Cleveland Indians name the team has been featured in several films including The Kid from Cleveland a 1949 film featuring then owner Bill Veeck and numerous players from the team coming off winning the 1948 World Series Major League a 1989 film centered around a fictionalized version of the Indians Major League II a 1994 sequel to the 1989 original Awards and honors EditSee also Cleveland Guardians award winners and league leaders Earl Averill Larry Doby Mel Harder Joe Sewell Jim Thome Baseball Hall of Famers Edit Cleveland Guardians Hall of FamersAffiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and MuseumCleveland Naps Elmer Flick Addie Joss Nap Lajoie Cy YoungCleveland Indians Roberto Alomar Earl Averill Harold Baines Bert Blyleven Lou Boudreau Steve Carlton Stan Coveleski Larry Doby Dennis Eckersley Billy Evans Bob Feller Joe Gordon Walter Johnson Ralph Kiner Bob Lemon Al Lopez Minnie Minoso Jack Morris Eddie Murray Hal Newhouser Phil Niekro Satchel Paige Gaylord Perry Sam Rice Frank Robinson Joe Sewell Billy Southworth Tris Speaker Jim Thome Hoyt Wilhelm Dick Williams Dave Winfield Early Wynn Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Indians or Naps cap insignia Cleveland Indians listed as primary team according to the Hall of FameFord C Frick Award recipients Edit Cleveland Guardians Ford C Frick Award recipientsAffiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and MuseumMel Allen Jimmy Dudley Jack GraneyNames in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Indians Guardians Retired numbers Edit See also List of Major League Baseball retired numbers EarlAverillCFRetired June 8 1975 LouBoudreauSS ManagerRetired July 9 1970 LarryDobyCF CoachRetired July 3 1994 MelHarderSP CoachRetired July 28 1990 BobFellerSP CoachRetired December 27 1956 FrankRobinsonOF ManagerRetired May 28 2017 BobLemonP CoachRetired June 20 1998 JimThome1B DH 3BRetired August 18 2018 JackieRobinsonAll MLBRetired April 15 1997 TheFans Retired May 29 2001Jackie Robinson s number 42 is retired throughout Major League Baseball The number 455 was retired in honor of the Indians fans after the team sold out 455 consecutive games between 1995 and 2001 which was an MLB record until it was surpassed by the Boston Red Sox on September 8 2008 Guardians Hall of Fame Edit Further information Cleveland Guardians award winners and league leaders Cleveland Guardians Hall of Fame Statues Edit Numerous Naps Indians players have had statues made in their honor In and around Progressive Field Edit Bob Feller team all time leader in wins and strikeouts by a pitcher 1948 World Series Champion eight time All Star since 1994 Jim Thome team all time leader in home runs and walks by a hitter three time All Star with the Indians since 2014 Larry Doby First black player in the American League 1948 World Series Champion seven time All Star since 2015 Frank Robinson Became first black manager in MLB history when he served as player manager from 1975 to 1977 since 2017 Lou Boudreau 1948 AL MVP 1948 World Series Champion as player manager eight time All Star since 2017 167 In and around Cleveland Edit Hall of Fame outfielder Elmer Flick has a statue in his hometown of Bedford Ohio a nearby suburb of Cleveland since 2013 Former outfielder Luke Easter has a statue outside of his namesake park on the east side of Cleveland since 1980 when the park was renamed in Easter s honor following his murder 168 Five time All Star with the Indians outfielder Rocky Colavito has a statue in Cleveland s Little Italy neighborhood since August 10 2021 169 170 Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as an Indian Nap Murals Edit In July 2022 in honor of the 75th anniversary of Larry Doby becoming the AL s first black player a mural was added to the exterior of Progressive Field honoring players who were viewed as barrier breakers that played for the Indians Guardians The mural features Doby Frank Robinson and Satchel Paige 171 Streets Edit A portion of Eagle Avenue near Progressive Field was renamed Larry Doby Way in 2012 172 Parks and fields Edit A number of parks and newly built and renovated youth baseball fields in Cleveland have been named after former and current Indians Guardians players including Luke Easter Park named for Easter in 1980 following his murder 173 Jim Thome All Star Complex 2019 174 CC Sabathia Field at Luke Easter Park 2021 175 Jose Ramirez Field opening in 2023 176 Franchise records EditMain article List of Cleveland Guardians team records Season records Edit Highest batting average 408 Joe Jackson 1911 Most games 163 Leon Wagner 1964 Most runs 140 Earl Averill 1930 Highest slugging 714 Albert Belle 1994 Most doubles 64 George Burns 1926 Most triples 26 Joe Jackson 1912 Most home runs 52 Jim Thome 2002 Most RBIs 165 Manny Ramirez 1999 Most stolen bases 75 Kenny Lofton 1996 Most wins 31 Jim Bagby Sr 1920 Lowest ERA 1 16 Addie Joss 1908 Strikeouts 348 Bob Feller 1946 Complete games 36 Bob Feller 1946 Saves 46 Jose Mesa 1995 Longest win streak 22 games 2017 Roster EditCleveland Guardians 2023 spring training rostervte40 man roster Non roster invitees Coaches OtherPitchers 57 Shane Bieber 90 Jason Bilous 68 Joey Cantillo 43 Aaron Civale 48 Emmanuel Clase 71 Xzavion Curry 62 Enyel De Los Santos 70 Hunter Gaddis 31 Sam Hentges 73 Tim Herrin 99 James Karinchak 24 Triston McKenzie 49 Eli Morgan 36 Cody Morris 45 Konnor Pilkington 34 Zach Plesac 47 Cal Quantrill 52 Nick Sandlin 37 Trevor Stephan Catchers 27 Bryan Lavastida 23 Bo Naylor 10 Mike ZuninoInfielders 8 Gabriel Arias 55 Josh Bell 74 Juan Brito 2 Tyler Freeman 0 Andres Gimenez 79 Angel Martinez 22 Josh Naylor 78 Jhonkensy Noel 11 Jose Ramirez 66 Brayan Rocchio 1 Amed Rosario 75 Jose TenaOutfielders 63 Will Brennan 39 Oscar Gonzalez 38 Steven Kwan 9 Richie Palacios 7 Myles Straw 76 George Valera Pitchers 54 Caleb Baragar 58 Phillip Diehl 65 Michael Kelly 61 Dusten Knight 93 Nick Mikolajchak 59 Luis Oviedo 67 Caleb Simpson 91 Cade Smith 56 Touki ToussaintCatchers 32 Zack Collins 80 David Fry 35 Cam Gallagher 46 Meibrys ViloriaInfielders 81 Micah PriesOutfielders 4 Roman Quinn Manager 77 Terry FranconaCoaches 15 Sandy Alomar Jr first base catchers 87 Mike Barnett replay coordinator 83 Rigo Beltran bullpen 64 Armando Camacaro bullpen catcher staff assistant 30 DeMarlo Hale bench 82 Ricky Pacione bullpen catcher staff assistant 60 Vic Rodriguez assistant hitting 16 Mike Sarbaugh third base infield 86 Joe Torres assistant pitching 13 Chris Valaika hitting 51 Carl Willis pitching 37 active 3 inactive 15 non roster invitees 7 10 or 15 day injured list Not on active roster Suspended list Roster coaches and NRIs updated March 12 2023 Transactions Depth chart All MLB rostersMinor league affiliations EditMain article List of Cleveland Guardians minor league affiliates The Cleveland Guardians farm system consists of seven minor league affiliates 177 Level Team League LocationTriple A Columbus Clippers International League Columbus OhioDouble A Akron RubberDucks Eastern League Akron OhioHigh A Lake County Captains Midwest League Eastlake OhioSingle A Lynchburg Hillcats Carolina League Lynchburg VirginiaRookie ACL Guardians Arizona Complex League Goodyear ArizonaDSL Guardians Blue Dominican Summer League Boca Chica Santo DomingoDSL Guardians Red Dominican Summer League Boca Chica Santo DomingoRegular season home attendance EditHome Attendance at Jacobs Progressive Field 178 Year Total attendance Game average League rank2000 3 456 278 42 670 1st2001 3 175 523 39 694 3rd2002 2 616 940 32 308 5th2003 1 730 002 21 358 12th2004 1 814 401 22 400 12th2005 2 013 763 24 861 12th2006 1 997 995 24 667 11th2007 2 275 912 28 449 9th2008 2 169 760 26 787 9th2009 1 766 242 21 805 13th2010 1 391 644 17 181 14th2011 1 840 835 22 726 9th2012 1 603 596 19 797 13th2013 1 572 926 19 419 14th2014 1 437 393 17 746 15th2015 1 388 905 17 361 14th2016 1 591 667 19 650 13th2017 2 048 138 25 286 11th2018 1 926 701 23 786 9th2019 1 738 642 21 465 9th2020 0 0 T 1st2021 1 114 368 13 758 10th2022 1 295 870 15 998 12th There were no fans allowed in any MLB stadium in 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic At the beginning of the season there was a limit of 30 capacity due to COVID 19 restrictions implemented by Ohio Governor Mike DeWine On June 2 DeWine lifted the restrictions and the team immediately allowed full capacity at Progressive Field See also EditCleveland Guardians all time roster List of Cleveland Guardians managers List of Cleveland Guardians seasons List of Cleveland Guardians team records List of World Series championsNotes Edit Nights weekends and select games from 1937 to 1946References Edit Axisa Mike November 3 2016 Now that Cubs are champs Indians have MLB s longest World series drought CBS Sports Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Retrieved November 3 2016 So with the Cubs finally on top the longest championship drought in baseball now belongs to the team they beat the Indians Cleveland has not won a World Series since way back in 1948 a b c d Bell Mandy July 23 2021 New for 22 Meet the Cleveland Guardians MLB com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on July 23 2021 Retrieved July 24 2021 Cleveland MLB team officially changes name to Guardians SportsNet July 23 2021 Archived from the original on July 23 2021 Retrieved July 23 2021 Slider Guardians Mascot CLEGuardians com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on November 19 2021 Retrieved March 5 2022 Goodyear Ballpark CLEGuardians com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on December 8 2017 Retrieved July 4 2019 Adler David Kelly Matt October 23 2016 History lesson 20 amazing Cubs and Indians facts MLB com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on December 14 2020 Retrieved July 4 2019 The Indians history actually begins in Grand Rapids Mich where they were known as the Grand Rapids Rippers of the Western League from 1894 99 The franchise then moved to Cleveland and became known as the Lake Shores before joining the brand new American League in 1901 Bell Mandy December 21 2020 History of Cleveland s baseball team name MLB com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on December 21 2020 Retrieved August 22 2021 Timeline CLEGuardians com MLB Advanced Media Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved August 22 2021 a b c Bell Mandy November 17 2021 Cleveland set for Guardians name transition CLEGuardians com MLB Advanced Media Retrieved November 20 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link a b c Cleveland Indians announce decision to change current team name CLEGuardians com Press release MLB Advanced Media December 14 2020 Retrieved July 25 2021 a href Template Cite press release html title Template Cite press release cite press release a CS1 maint url status link a b c Waldstein David Schmidt Michael S December 13 2020 Cleveland s Baseball Team Will Drop Its Indians Team Name The New York Times Archived from the original on December 14 2020 Retrieved May 4 2021 a b c Hoynes Paul July 23 2021 Cleveland Indians choose Guardians as new team name The Plain Dealer Archived from the original on July 25 2021 Retrieved July 24 2021 Cleveland Indians Team History amp Encyclopedia Baseball Reference Sports Reference LLC Archived from the original on February 19 2011 Retrieved May 22 2020 Harold 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birthday in Little Italy News 5 Cleveland com WEWS TV Rocky Colavito statue plans moving along despite Covid delays cleveland com December 24 2020 Archived from the original on January 21 2021 Retrieved July 25 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Plain Dealer Guardians unveil barrier breakers mural to celebrate Larry Doby 75th anniversary Akron Beacon Journal City Of Cleveland Indians Naming Larry Doby Way SB Nation com LUKE EASTER PARK Case Western Reserve University MLB Tribe honor Thome with All Star Complex MLB com Cleveland Indians dedicate Luke Easter Park Field to CC Sabathia WKYC com Cleveland Guardians Charities on Twitter Cleveland Indians Minor League Affiliates Baseball Reference Sports Reference Archived from the original on May 11 2020 Retrieved May 13 2020 Cleveland Indians Attendance Stadiums and Park Factors Baseball Reference com Archived from the original on June 13 2018 Retrieved May 5 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland Guardians Cleveland Guardians official website Cleveland Indians 1998 Annual Report the last filed with the SEC Sports E CyclopediaAwards and achievementsPreceded byCincinnati Reds1919 World Series championsCleveland Indians1920 Succeeded byNew York Giants1921 1922Preceded byNew York Yankees1947 World Series championsCleveland Indians1948 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1949 1953Preceded byChicago White Sox1919 American League championsCleveland Indians1920 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1921 1923Preceded byNew York Yankees1947 American League championsCleveland Indians1948 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1949 1953Preceded byNew York Yankees1949 1953 American League championsCleveland Indians1954 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1955 1958Preceded byToronto Blue Jays1992 1993 American League championsCleveland Indians1995 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1996Preceded byNew York Yankees1996 American League championsCleveland Indians1997 Succeeded byNew York Yankees1998 2001Preceded byKansas City Royals2014 2015 American League championsCleveland Indians2016 Succeeded byHouston Astros2017 Portals Baseball Ohio Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cleveland Guardians amp oldid 1143679462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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