Humberto Akʼabal
Humberto Akʼabal, also Akʼabʼal or Akabal (31 October 1952 – 28 January 2019), was a Kʼicheʼ Maya poet from Guatemala. Akʼabʼal wrote in his native language of Kʼicheʼ, and then translated his poetry into Spanish. With the translations of his works into numerous languages and international recognition, Akʼabʼal is considered to be "the most renowned Maya Kiʼcheʼ poet"[1] in the world and one of the best known Guatemalan writers in Europe and Latin America.[2]
Humberto Akʼabal | |
|---|---|
| Born | October 31, 1952 Momostenango, Totonicapán, Guatemala |
| Died | January 28, 2019 (aged 66) Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| Nationality | Guatemalan |
| Other names | Humberto Akʼabʼal, Humberto Akabal |
| Occupation | Poet |
Early life edit
Akʼabʼal was born in 1952 in Momostenango, Totonicapán. His formal education ceased at age twelve, when he left school to help financially support his family. He worked in his village as a shepherd and weaver, until leaving to find work in Guatemala City as a street vendor and porter. Despite his grandfather's cautions that “books can make you lose your mind,” Akʼabʼal decided to venture into the world of poetry.[3] His mother actually served as a source of support and influence in this choice, as she "planted in [him] an interest in the word" as a way to "continue [his] elders' tradition."[3]
Career edit
Translations edit
Akʼabʼal originally began writing his poetry in Spanish, "because he was 'illiterate' in his own mother tongue,"[1] but eventually started to write in Kʼicheʼ in the 1980s. Despite the fact that his own Spanish translations made his works available to a wider audience, Akʼabʼal was unable to find a publisher interested in printing his Kʼicheʼ work until 1993.
Since gaining popularity, Akʼabʼal's poetry has been translated into many different languages, including French, English, Estonian, Scots, German, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Hebrew, Hungarian, Arabic, and Italian.
Reception edit
Many scholars have praised Akʼabʼal's work as an expression of his indigenous tradition. Literary critic Carlos Montemayor said that "Writers like Ak'ab'al… require us to penetrate into that other reality that we do not know, understand that this culture, that this indigenous soul lives and breathes in our own reality at the same time as our time, with the same life as our life, loving and understanding the same continent that we love but do not understand."[4] In describing Ak'bal's work, Spanish poet Antonio Gamoneda wrote: "I remain seriously impressed by Ak'abal's poetry, by its essential simplicity, by the elemental sacredness within which pulsating words reveal deeds, things, and directly natural beings."[5] Chilean historian Miguel Rojas Mix wrote that "Akʼabal sings like the birds, speaks K'iche' Maya, and thinks as we'd wish most men thought."[6]
Awards edit
Akʼabʼal has been given many awards and honors from around the globe, including:[7]
- (1993) the Quetzal de Oro from the Guatemalan Association of Journalists.
- (1995) a Diploma Emeretissimum from the Humanities faculty of University of San Carlos of Guatemala.
- (1997) the Swiss Blaise Cendrars prize.
- (1998) the Premio Continental Canto de América UNESCO prize.
- (2004) the "Pier Paolo Pasolini" international poetry prize.
- (2005) a Chevalier (Knight) membership of the Order of Arts and Letters (Ordre des Arts et des Lettres) from the French Ministry of Culture.
- (2006) the Guggenheim Fellowship by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, N.Y. USA.[8]
- (2010) the dedication of the International Book Fair of Le Mans, France.
- (2017) the “Reconcimiento a la trayectoria” diploma from the state of Campeche, Mexico.
Akʼabal's book Guardián de la caída de agua (or "Guardian of the Waterfall" in English) was named book of the year by Association of Guatemalan Journalists and in 1993 received their Golden Quetzal award.[7] In 1995 he received an honorary degree from the Department of Humanities of the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. In 2004 he declined to receive the Guatemala National Prize in Literature because it is named for Miguel Ángel Asturias, whom Akʼabal accused of encouraging racism. He said Asturias' 1923 essay The Social Problem of the Indian, "Offends the indigenous peoples of Guatemala, of which I am part."[9] The young Asturias proposed a program of eugenics —focused on the assimilation of Guatemala's Indians into its mestizo (in local usage “ladino”) population— as a remedy to the ills of the Guatemalan nation, a process he would promote by encouraging European immigration.[10]
Selected works edit
- (1993) Guardián de la caída de agua ("Guardian of the Waterfall" in English)
- (1999) Poems I Brought Down from the Mountain
- (2000) Con los ojos despues del mar (Vado ancho)
- (2001) Ovillo De Seda
- (2004) Chʼanalik
- (2005) Entre patojos / Among patojos
- (2010) Drum of Stone [11]
Personal life edit
After starting his career as a poet, Akʼabʼal moved back to his village. He lived in Momostenango, where he focused solely on his writing.
Akʼabʼal died in a Guatemala City hospital on 28 January 2019.[12]
References edit
- ^ a b The Routledge history of Latin American culture. Salomon, Carlos Manuel, 1967-. New York, NY. 2017. ISBN 9781138902565. OCLC 957608825.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Humberto Ak'abal y su legado a la literatura guatemalteca – Prensa Libre". 29 January 2019.
- ^ a b Elizabeth, Chacón, Gloria (2018-09-28). Indigenous cosmolectics : kabʼawil and the making of Maya and Zapotec literatures. Chapel Hill. ISBN 9781469636825. OCLC 1055160998.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Akʼabal, Humberto (2001). Ajkem tzij (in Spanish). Cholsamaj Fundacion. ISBN 9789992256404.
Escritores como Ak'ab'al . . . nos exigen penetrar en esa otra realidad que desconocemos, entender que esa cultura, que esa alma indígena vive y respire a nuestro propio lado, al mismo tiempo que nuestro tiempo, con las misma vida que nuestra vida, amando y entendiendo el mismo continente que nosotros amamos pero que no entendemos.
- ^ Saviola (2017-09-21). "Humberto Ak'Abal: El poeta Maya más conocido en Europa y América". Diario del Sureste. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
Quedo, de la poesía de Ak'abal, seriamente impresionado por su esencial sencillez, por la elementalidad sagrada en que palpitan las palabras que revelan los hechos, las cosas, los seres directamente naturales….
- ^ Saviola (2017-09-21). "Humberto Ak'Abal: El poeta Maya más conocido en Europa y América". Diario del Sureste. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
Humberto Ak'abal canta como los pájaros, habla maya k'iché y piensa como desearíamos que pensara la mayoría de los hombres.
- ^ a b "Humberto Akʼabal: Biography". Humberto Akʼabal. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ . John Simon Guggenheim Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original on October 27, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
- ^ "In Brief: Poet Rejects Literary Award". Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 2004-01-23. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
- ^ Webre, Stephen (2010-03-26). "Sociología Guatemalteca: El Problema Social del Indio (review)". The Americas. 66 (4): 579–580. doi:10.1353/tam.0.0264. ISSN 1533-6247. S2CID 143775968.
- ^ "Humberto Akʼabal - Poet". www.akabal.com. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ Montenegro, Gustavo (28 January 2019). "Fallece el poeta kʼiché Humberto Akʼabal". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 January 2019.
Sources edit
- (in Spanish). Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes. 2005-05-31. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
- "Humberto Akʼabal - Words Without Borders". Words Without Borders. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- "Humberto Akʼabal (poet) - Guatemala - Poetry International". www.poetryinternationalweb.net. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
External links edit
- Humberto Akʼabal unofficial website
- Drum of Stone 2019-01-30 at the Wayback Machine 'Drum of Stone' is a collection of Humberto Akʼabal's poetry with translations into English and Scots, published May 2010