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Third Portuguese Republic

The Third Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Terceira República Portuguesa) is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano. It was initially characterized by constant instability and was threatened by the possibility of a civil war during the early post-revolutionary years. A new constitution was drafted, censorship was prohibited, free speech declared, political prisoners were released and major Estado Novo institutions were closed. Eventually the country granted independence to its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC (today's European Union) in 1986.

Portuguese Republic
República Portuguesa (Portuguese)
Anthem: "A Portuguesa"
"The Portuguese"
Location of Portugal (dark green)

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)

Capital
and largest city
Lisbon
38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150
Official languagesPortuguese
Recognised regional languagesMirandese[note 1]
Ethnic groups
(2021)
Religion
(2021)[4]
  • 14.1% No religion
  • 1.1% Others
Demonym(s)Portuguese
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential constitutional republic[5]
• President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Luís Montenegro
LegislatureAssembly of the Republic
Establishment
868
1095
24 June 1128
• Kingdom
25 July 1139
5 October 1143
1 December 1640
23 September 1822
• Republic
5 October 1910
25 April 1974
25 April 1976[note 3]
1 January 1986
Area
• Total
92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi)[6] (109th)
• Water (%)
1.2 (2015)[7]
Population
• 2021 estimate
10,352,042[8] (89th)
• 2021 census
10,343,066[9]
• Density
112.2[10]/km2 (290.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
$432.1 billion[11] (51st)
• Per capita
$42,067[11] (43rd)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
$255.9 billion[11] (50th)
• Per capita
$24,910[11] (40th)
Gini (2020) 31.2[12]
medium
HDI (2021) 0.866[13]
very high (38th)
CurrencyEuro () (EUR)
Time zoneUTC (WET)
UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+1 (WEST)
UTC (Atlantic/Azores)
Note: Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST; the Azores are 1 hour behind.
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+351
ISO 3166 codePT
Internet TLD.pt
  1. ^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),[1] awarding it an official right-of-use.[2] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.
  2. ^ By country of birth
  3. ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005.

Background edit

 
The carnation, the symbol of the Revolution that started the Third Portuguese Republic.

In Portugal, 1926 marked the end of the First Republic, in a military coup that established an authoritarian government called Estado Novo, that was led by António de Oliveira Salazar until 1968, when he was forced to step down due to health problems. Salazar was succeeded by Marcelo Caetano. The government faced many internal and external problems, including the Portuguese Colonial War.

On 25 April 1974 a mostly bloodless coup of young military personnel forced Marcelo Caetano to step down. Most of the population of the country soon supported this uprising. It was called the Carnation Revolution because of the use of the carnation on soldiers' rifles as a symbol of peace. This revolution was the beginning of the Portuguese Third Republic. The days after the revolution saw widespread celebration for the end of 48 years of dictatorship and soon exiled politicians like Álvaro Cunhal and Mário Soares returned to the country for the celebration of May Day, in what became a symbol of the country's regained freedom.

After the revolution edit

After the fall of the Estado Novo, differences began to emerge on which political direction the country should take, including among the military. The revolution was mainly the result of the work of a group of young officers unified under the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA). Within this group, there were several different political views, among them those represented by Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and considered to be the more radical wing of the movement and those represented by Ernesto Melo Antunes, considered to be the more moderate one.

In addition to that, to ensure the success of the uprising, the MFA looked for support among the conservative sections of the military that had been disaffected with the Caetano government, chief among which were the former Head of the Armed Forces, General Francisco da Costa Gomes, and General António de Spínola. Both had been expelled from the Estado-Maior-General das Forças Armadas for criticizing the government.

The differing political views came to be broadly represented by three main informal groups, which included both military and civilians. However, even within these groups that shared similar political views there were considerable disagreements.

  • the conservatives: within the military, represented by Costa Gomes and Spínola and within the MFA by Melo Antunes. Its civilian representatives were politicians that had been part of the Ala Liberal (Liberal Wing) of the Assembleia Nacional (National Assembly) that called for a transition to democracy, among them the future Prime-Ministers Francisco de Sá Carneiro and Francisco Pinto Balsemão.
  • the socialists: that were in favour of creating a social-democratic state like those of Western Europe and were mainly represented by the Socialist Party and its leader Mário Soares.
  • the communists: that were in favour of creating a communist state with an economic system similar to those of the Warsaw Pact countries. The main representative of this group within the military and the MFA was Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, while the main political party included in this group was the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), led by Álvaro Cunhal.


2000s edit

In 2001, António Guterres, the Prime Minister since 1995, resigned after the local elections, and after legislative elections on the following year, José Manuel Barroso was appointed as the new Prime Minister.[14] In July 2004, Prime Minister Barroso resigned as prime minister to become President of the European Commission.[15] He was succeeded by Pedro Santana Lopes, as leader of Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister of Portugal.[16] In 2005, Socialists got a landslide victory in early elections. Socialist Party leader Jose Socrates became the new prime minister after the elections.[17] In 2009 elections Socialist Party won re-election but lost its overall majority. In October 2009, Prime Minister Jose Socrates formed a new minority government.[18]


The Euro edit

On 1 January 2002, Portugal adopted the euro as its currency in place of the escudo.[19]

Euro 2004 edit

Euro 2004 was held across Portugal. The final match was won by Greece against Portugal. Several new stadia were built or rebuilt for the event. This event granted Portugal an opportunity to show its hosting abilities to the rest of the world.[20]

2006 presidential elections edit

The Portuguese presidential election were held on 22 January 2006 to elect a successor to the incumbent President Jorge Sampaio, who was prevented from running for a third consecutive term by the Constitution of Portugal. The result was a victory in the first round for Aníbal Cavaco Silva of the Social Democratic Party, the former Prime Minister, who won 50.59 per cent of the vote in the first round, just over the majority required to avoid a runoff election. Voter turnout was 62.60 per cent of eligible voters.[21]

Economic difficulties edit

From 2007 to 2008 onwards, Portugal was severely affected by the European sovereign-debt crisis. The legacy of considerable borrowing from earlier years became an almost unsustainable debt for the Portuguese economy, bringing the country to the verge of bankruptcy by 2011. This resulted in urgent measures to address structural problems in the economy, raise taxes and reduce public-sector spending. Increasing unemployment also led to increased emigration.

2010s edit

Portugal suffered from a severe economic crisis between 2009 and 2016.[22]

In January 2011, Anibal Cavaco Silva was easily re-elected as President of the Republic of Portugal for a second five-year term in the first round of the election.[23]

In 2011, Portugal applied for EU assistance, as the third European Union country after Greece and Ireland, to cope with its budget deficit caused by the financial crisis.[24]

In June 2011, center-right Passos Coelho became the new prime minister of the financially-troubled country, succeeding former Socialist Prime Minister Jose Socrates. The Social Democrat Party, led by Pedro Passos Coelho, won the parliamentary election earlier same month.[25]

Austerity budgets included spending cuts and higher taxes, which caused worsening living standards in the country and higher unemployment to above 16%.[26]

In October 2015 parliamentary elections, the governing centre-right coalition of Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho won narrowly, but the coalition lost its absolute majority in parliament.[27]

The new minority government led by Passos Coelho was soon toppled in a parliamentary vote. The 11-day-old government was the shortest-lived national government in the Portuguese history. In November 2015, The Socialist leader Antonio Costa became Portugal's prime minister, after forming an alliance with Communist, Green and Left Bloc parties.[28]

In January 2016, centre-right politician Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was elected as the new president of Portugal.[29]

In October 2016, former Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Guterres was officially appointed as the next United Nations Secretary-General. He took office on 1 January 2017, when Ban Ki-moon's second five-year term ended.[30] António Guterres has announced that he will be seeking a second five-year term as UN Secretary-General, which would begin in January 2022.[31]

In October 2019, Prime Minister Antonio Costa won the parliamentary election. His Socialist party won the most votes, but it did not get the absolute majority in parliament. The party continued its pact with two far-left parties - the Left Bloc and the Communists. Portugal's economy had grown above the EU average and many cuts to public sector had been reversed.[32]

2020s edit

In January 2021, Portugal's centre-right president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa won re-election, after taking 60.7% of the votes in the first round of the election.[33]

In June 2021, United Nations General Assembly unanimously elected Antonio Guterres to a second five-year term as secretary-general.[34]

The ruling Socialist Party, led by Prime Minister António Costa, won an outright majority in the January 2022 snap general election. The Socialist Party won 120 seats in the 230 seat parliament, defeating the right-wing to form the XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal.[35]

On 2 April 2024, the new center-right minority government, led by Prime Minister Luís Montenegro, took office, resulting from the slim victory of the Democratic Alliance in the snap election.[36]

Timeline edit

Rebelo de SousaCavaco SilvaJorge SampaioMário SoaresRamalho EanesCosta GomesAntónio de Spínola
Luís MontenegroAntónio CostaPedro Passos CoelhoJosé SócratesPedro Santana LopesJosé Manuel BarrosoAntónio GuterresAníbal Cavaco SilvaFrancisco Pinto BalsemãoDiogo Freitas do AmaralFrancisco Sá CarneiroMaria Lourdes PintasilgoCarlos Mota PintoAlfredo Nobre da CostaMário SoaresVasco de Almeida e CostaJosé Baptista Pinheiro de AzevedoVasco GonçalvesAdelino Palma CarlosNational Salvation Junta

Incumbent leaders edit

Economic data since 1980 edit

GDP growth %

GDP per capita (in US$ PPP)

Source:[37]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Mirandese, spoken in the region of Terra de Miranda, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),[1] awarding it an official right-of-use.[2] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.
  2. ^ By country of birth
  3. ^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions, between 1982 and 2005.

References edit

  1. ^ a b . Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from the original on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal, europa.eu – European Commission website. Retrieved January 2007. Link updated December 2015
  3. ^ "661 mil imigrantes, mais 71 mil do que antes da pandemia" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Censos 2021. Católicos diminuem, mas ainda são mais de 80% dos portugueses". RTP. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  5. ^ Constitution of Portugal, Preamble:
  6. ^ (in Portuguese)"Superfície Que municípios têm maior e menor área?". Pordata. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  8. ^ "Estimativas de População Residente, Portugal, NUTS I, II e III e Municípios. Exercício Ad hoc 2020 e 2021". ine.pt. INE. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Censos 2021 - Principais tendências ocorridas em Portugal na última década". Statistics Portugal - Web Portal. 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  10. ^ "PORDATA - Population density, according to Census".
  11. ^ a b c d "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects – Portugal". International Monetary Fund. 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  13. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  14. ^ Nash, Elizabeth (18 March 2002). "Right gains power by narrow margin in Portugal". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 2 October 2011. [dead link]
  15. ^ "Barroso Appointed EU Commission President – DW – 06/30/2004". dw.com.
  16. ^ "Santana Lopes is new PM". Portugal Resident. 21 July 2004.
  17. ^ "José Sócrates | World Leaders Forum". worldleaders.columbia.edu.
  18. ^ "Portugal profile - Timeline". BBC News. 18 May 2018.
  19. ^ "Portugal and the euro". European Commission - European Commission.
  20. ^ "History". UEFA.com. 4 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Anibal Cavaco Silva wins the presidential election in the first round". www.robert-schuman.eu.
  22. ^ Pettinger, Tejvan (26 February 2018). "Portugal Economic Crisis". Economics Help.
  23. ^ "Anibal Cavaco Silva is easily re-elected as President of the Republic of Portugal". www.robert-schuman.eu.
  24. ^ "Timeline: Portugal". 22 March 2012 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  25. ^ "Center-Right Leader Passos Coelho Named Portugal's New PM « VOA Breaking News".
  26. ^ "Portugal passes latest austerity budget". BBC News. 26 November 2013.
  27. ^ "Portugal centre-right wins re-election despite bailout". BBC News. 5 October 2015.
  28. ^ Lisbon, Agence France-Presse in (25 November 2015). "Portugal gets Antonio Costa as new PM after election winner only lasted 11 days". the Guardian.
  29. ^ "Portugal's new president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa wants to 'heal wounds'". euronews. 24 January 2016.
  30. ^ "Portugal's Antonio Guterres elected UN secretary-general". BBC News. 14 October 2016.
  31. ^ "Guterres to seek second five-year term as UN Secretary-General". UN News. 11 January 2021.
  32. ^ "Portugal election: Socialists win without outright majority". BBC News. 7 October 2019.
  33. ^ "Portugal's centre-right president re-elected but far right gains ground". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 25 January 2021.
  34. ^ "Guterres re-elected for second-term as UN Secretary General". euronews. 18 June 2021.
  35. ^ "Portugal election: Socialists win unexpected majority". BBC News. 31 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Portugal's new government aims to outmanoeuvre radical populist rivals". euronews. 2 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2022". www.imf.org. Retrieved 29 October 2022.

third, portuguese, republic, portuguese, terceira, república, portuguesa, period, history, portugal, corresponding, current, democratic, regime, installed, after, carnation, revolution, april, 1974, that, paternal, autocratic, regime, estado, novo, antónio, ol. The Third Portuguese Republic Portuguese Terceira Republica Portuguesa is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974 that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of Estado Novo of Antonio de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano It was initially characterized by constant instability and was threatened by the possibility of a civil war during the early post revolutionary years A new constitution was drafted censorship was prohibited free speech declared political prisoners were released and major Estado Novo institutions were closed Eventually the country granted independence to its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC today s European Union in 1986 Portuguese RepublicRepublica Portuguesa Portuguese Flag Coat of armsAnthem A Portuguesa The Portuguese source source track track track track track track track track Location of Portugal dark green in Europe green amp dark grey in the European Union green Capitaland largest cityLisbon38 46 N 9 9 W 38 767 N 9 150 W 38 767 9 150Official languagesPortugueseRecognised regional languagesMirandese note 1 Ethnic groups 2021 88 5 Portuguese11 5 OthersReligion 2021 4 84 8 Christianity 80 2 Catholicism 4 6 Other Christian14 1 No religion1 1 OthersDemonym s PortugueseGovernmentUnitary semi presidential constitutional republic 5 PresidentMarcelo Rebelo de Sousa Prime MinisterLuis MontenegroLegislatureAssembly of the RepublicEstablishment First County868 Second County1095 Sovereignty24 June 1128 Kingdom25 July 1139 Treaty of Zamora5 October 1143 Restoration1 December 1640 First Constitution23 September 1822 Republic5 October 1910 Democratization25 April 1974 Current constitution25 April 1976 note 3 EEC accession1 January 1986Area Total92 212 km2 35 603 sq mi 6 109th Water 1 2 2015 7 Population 2021 estimate10 352 042 8 89th 2021 census10 343 066 9 Density112 2 10 km2 290 6 sq mi GDP PPP 2022 estimate Total 432 1 billion 11 51st Per capita 42 067 11 43rd GDP nominal 2022 estimate Total 255 9 billion 11 50th Per capita 24 910 11 40th Gini 2020 31 2 12 mediumHDI 2021 0 866 13 very high 38th CurrencyEuro EUR Time zoneUTC WET UTC 1 Atlantic Azores Summer DST UTC 1 WEST UTC Atlantic Azores Note Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET WEST the Azores are 1 hour behind Date formatdd mm yyyyDriving siderightCalling code 351ISO 3166 codePTInternet TLD pt Mirandese spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro was officially recognized in 1999 Lei n 7 99 de 29 de Janeiro 1 awarding it an official right of use 2 Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized By country of birth Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions between 1982 and 2005 Contents 1 Background 2 After the revolution 3 2000s 3 1 The Euro 3 2 Euro 2004 3 3 2006 presidential elections 3 4 Economic difficulties 4 2010s 5 2020s 6 Timeline 7 Incumbent leaders 8 Economic data since 1980 9 See also 10 Notes 11 ReferencesBackground edit nbsp The carnation the symbol of the Revolution that started the Third Portuguese Republic Main articles Estado Novo Portugal and Carnation Revolution In Portugal 1926 marked the end of the First Republic in a military coup that established an authoritarian government called Estado Novo that was led by Antonio de Oliveira Salazar until 1968 when he was forced to step down due to health problems Salazar was succeeded by Marcelo Caetano The government faced many internal and external problems including the Portuguese Colonial War On 25 April 1974 a mostly bloodless coup of young military personnel forced Marcelo Caetano to step down Most of the population of the country soon supported this uprising It was called the Carnation Revolution because of the use of the carnation on soldiers rifles as a symbol of peace This revolution was the beginning of the Portuguese Third Republic The days after the revolution saw widespread celebration for the end of 48 years of dictatorship and soon exiled politicians like Alvaro Cunhal and Mario Soares returned to the country for the celebration of May Day in what became a symbol of the country s regained freedom After the revolution editMain article Processo Revolucionario Em Curso After the fall of the Estado Novo differences began to emerge on which political direction the country should take including among the military The revolution was mainly the result of the work of a group of young officers unified under the Movimento das Forcas Armadas MFA Within this group there were several different political views among them those represented by Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and considered to be the more radical wing of the movement and those represented by Ernesto Melo Antunes considered to be the more moderate one In addition to that to ensure the success of the uprising the MFA looked for support among the conservative sections of the military that had been disaffected with the Caetano government chief among which were the former Head of the Armed Forces General Francisco da Costa Gomes and General Antonio de Spinola Both had been expelled from the Estado Maior General das Forcas Armadas for criticizing the government The differing political views came to be broadly represented by three main informal groups which included both military and civilians However even within these groups that shared similar political views there were considerable disagreements the conservatives within the military represented by Costa Gomes and Spinola and within the MFA by Melo Antunes Its civilian representatives were politicians that had been part of the Ala Liberal Liberal Wing of the Assembleia Nacional National Assembly that called for a transition to democracy among them the future Prime Ministers Francisco de Sa Carneiro and Francisco Pinto Balsemao the socialists that were in favour of creating a social democratic state like those of Western Europe and were mainly represented by the Socialist Party and its leader Mario Soares the communists that were in favour of creating a communist state with an economic system similar to those of the Warsaw Pact countries The main representative of this group within the military and the MFA was Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho while the main political party included in this group was the Portuguese Communist Party PCP led by Alvaro Cunhal 2000s editIn 2001 Antonio Guterres the Prime Minister since 1995 resigned after the local elections and after legislative elections on the following year Jose Manuel Barroso was appointed as the new Prime Minister 14 In July 2004 Prime Minister Barroso resigned as prime minister to become President of the European Commission 15 He was succeeded by Pedro Santana Lopes as leader of Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister of Portugal 16 In 2005 Socialists got a landslide victory in early elections Socialist Party leader Jose Socrates became the new prime minister after the elections 17 In 2009 elections Socialist Party won re election but lost its overall majority In October 2009 Prime Minister Jose Socrates formed a new minority government 18 The Euro edit On 1 January 2002 Portugal adopted the euro as its currency in place of the escudo 19 Euro 2004 edit Euro 2004 was held across Portugal The final match was won by Greece against Portugal Several new stadia were built or rebuilt for the event This event granted Portugal an opportunity to show its hosting abilities to the rest of the world 20 2006 presidential elections edit The Portuguese presidential election were held on 22 January 2006 to elect a successor to the incumbent President Jorge Sampaio who was prevented from running for a third consecutive term by the Constitution of Portugal The result was a victory in the first round for Anibal Cavaco Silva of the Social Democratic Party the former Prime Minister who won 50 59 per cent of the vote in the first round just over the majority required to avoid a runoff election Voter turnout was 62 60 per cent of eligible voters 21 Economic difficulties edit From 2007 to 2008 onwards Portugal was severely affected by the European sovereign debt crisis The legacy of considerable borrowing from earlier years became an almost unsustainable debt for the Portuguese economy bringing the country to the verge of bankruptcy by 2011 This resulted in urgent measures to address structural problems in the economy raise taxes and reduce public sector spending Increasing unemployment also led to increased emigration 2010s editPortugal suffered from a severe economic crisis between 2009 and 2016 22 In January 2011 Anibal Cavaco Silva was easily re elected as President of the Republic of Portugal for a second five year term in the first round of the election 23 In 2011 Portugal applied for EU assistance as the third European Union country after Greece and Ireland to cope with its budget deficit caused by the financial crisis 24 In June 2011 center right Passos Coelho became the new prime minister of the financially troubled country succeeding former Socialist Prime Minister Jose Socrates The Social Democrat Party led by Pedro Passos Coelho won the parliamentary election earlier same month 25 Austerity budgets included spending cuts and higher taxes which caused worsening living standards in the country and higher unemployment to above 16 26 In October 2015 parliamentary elections the governing centre right coalition of Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho won narrowly but the coalition lost its absolute majority in parliament 27 The new minority government led by Passos Coelho was soon toppled in a parliamentary vote The 11 day old government was the shortest lived national government in the Portuguese history In November 2015 The Socialist leader Antonio Costa became Portugal s prime minister after forming an alliance with Communist Green and Left Bloc parties 28 In January 2016 centre right politician Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was elected as the new president of Portugal 29 In October 2016 former Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Guterres was officially appointed as the next United Nations Secretary General He took office on 1 January 2017 when Ban Ki moon s second five year term ended 30 Antonio Guterres has announced that he will be seeking a second five year term as UN Secretary General which would begin in January 2022 31 In October 2019 Prime Minister Antonio Costa won the parliamentary election His Socialist party won the most votes but it did not get the absolute majority in parliament The party continued its pact with two far left parties the Left Bloc and the Communists Portugal s economy had grown above the EU average and many cuts to public sector had been reversed 32 2020s editIn January 2021 Portugal s centre right president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa won re election after taking 60 7 of the votes in the first round of the election 33 In June 2021 United Nations General Assembly unanimously elected Antonio Guterres to a second five year term as secretary general 34 The ruling Socialist Party led by Prime Minister Antonio Costa won an outright majority in the January 2022 snap general election The Socialist Party won 120 seats in the 230 seat parliament defeating the right wing to form the XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal 35 On 2 April 2024 the new center right minority government led by Prime Minister Luis Montenegro took office resulting from the slim victory of the Democratic Alliance in the snap election 36 Timeline editIncumbent leaders edit nbsp Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa PSD President of Portugal since 2016 nbsp Luis Montenegro PSD Prime Minister of Portugal since 2024 Economic data since 1980 editGDP growth Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org GDP per capita in US PPP Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Source 37 See also editTreaties of PortugalNotes edit Mirandese spoken in the region of Terra de Miranda was officially recognized in 1999 Lei n 7 99 de 29 de Janeiro 1 awarding it an official right of use 2 Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized By country of birth Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions between 1982 and 2005 References edit a b Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguisticos da comunidade mirandesa Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community Centro de Linguistica da Universidade de Lisboa UdL Archived from the original on 18 March 2002 Retrieved 2 December 2015 a b The Euromosaic study Mirandese in Portugal europa eu European Commission website Retrieved January 2007 Link updated December 2015 661 mil imigrantes mais 71 mil do que antes da pandemia in Portuguese Diario de Noticias 4 May 2021 Retrieved 12 June 2021 Censos 2021 Catolicos diminuem mas ainda sao mais de 80 dos portugueses RTP 23 November 2022 Retrieved 23 November 2022 Constitution of Portugal Preamble in Portuguese Superficie Que municipios tem maior e menor area Pordata Retrieved 17 November 2020 Surface water and surface water change Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development OECD Retrieved 11 October 2020 Estimativas de Populacao Residente Portugal NUTS I II e III e Municipios Exercicio Ad hoc 2020 e 2021 ine pt INE Retrieved 17 June 2022 Censos 2021 Principais tendencias ocorridas em Portugal na ultima decada Statistics Portugal Web Portal 23 November 2022 Retrieved 23 November 2022 PORDATA Population density according to Census a b c d Report for Selected Countries and Subjects Portugal International Monetary Fund 2022 Retrieved 11 October 2022 Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income Eurostat Archived from the original on 9 October 2020 Retrieved 21 June 2022 Human Development Report 2021 2022 PDF United Nations Development Programme 8 September 2022 Retrieved 8 September 2022 Nash Elizabeth 18 March 2002 Right gains power by narrow margin in Portugal The Independent Independent Print Limited Retrieved 2 October 2011 dead link Barroso Appointed EU Commission President DW 06 30 2004 dw com Santana Lopes is new PM Portugal Resident 21 July 2004 Jose Socrates World Leaders Forum worldleaders columbia edu Portugal profile Timeline BBC News 18 May 2018 Portugal and the euro European Commission European Commission History UEFA com 4 June 2020 Anibal Cavaco Silva wins the presidential election in the first round www robert schuman eu Pettinger Tejvan 26 February 2018 Portugal Economic Crisis Economics Help Anibal Cavaco Silva is easily re elected as President of the Republic of Portugal www robert schuman eu Timeline Portugal 22 March 2012 via news bbc co uk Center Right Leader Passos Coelho Named Portugal s New PM VOA Breaking News Portugal passes latest austerity budget BBC News 26 November 2013 Portugal centre right wins re election despite bailout BBC News 5 October 2015 Lisbon Agence France Presse in 25 November 2015 Portugal gets Antonio Costa as new PM after election winner only lasted 11 days the Guardian Portugal s new president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa wants to heal wounds euronews 24 January 2016 Portugal s Antonio Guterres elected UN secretary general BBC News 14 October 2016 Guterres to seek second five year term as UN Secretary General UN News 11 January 2021 Portugal election Socialists win without outright majority BBC News 7 October 2019 Portugal s centre right president re elected but far right gains ground the Guardian Agence France Presse 25 January 2021 Guterres re elected for second term as UN Secretary General euronews 18 June 2021 Portugal election Socialists win unexpected majority BBC News 31 January 2022 Portugal s new government aims to outmanoeuvre radical populist rivals euronews 2 April 2024 Report for Selected Countries and Subjects October 2022 www imf org Retrieved 29 October 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Third Portuguese Republic amp oldid 1220346445, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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