António Costa
António Luís Santos da Costa GCIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔnju ˈkɔʃtɐ]; born 17 July 1961)[1] is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who served as the 118th prime minister of Portugal from 2015 to 2024, presiding over the XXI (2015–2019), XXII (2019–2022) and XXIII Constitutional Governments (2022–2024).
António Costa | |
|---|---|
Costa in 2017 | |
| Prime Minister of Portugal | |
| In office 26 November 2015 – 2 April 2024 | |
| President | Aníbal Cavaco Silva Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| Preceded by | Pedro Passos Coelho |
| Succeeded by | Luís Montenegro |
| Secretary-General of the Socialist Party | |
| In office 22 November 2014 – 7 January 2024 | |
| President | Carlos César |
| Deputy | Ana Catarina Mendes José Luís Carneiro João Torres |
| Preceded by | António José Seguro |
| Succeeded by | Pedro Nuno Santos |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 22 November 2014 – 26 November 2015 | |
| Prime Minister | Pedro Passos Coelho |
| Preceded by | António José Seguro |
| Succeeded by | Pedro Passos Coelho |
| Mayor of Lisbon | |
| In office 1 August 2007 – 6 April 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Carmona Rodrigues |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Medina |
| Minister of Internal Administration | |
| In office 12 March 2005 – 17 May 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | José Sócrates |
| Preceded by | Daniel Sanches |
| Succeeded by | Rui Pereira |
| Minister of Justice | |
| In office 25 October 1999 – 6 April 2002 | |
| Prime Minister | António Guterres |
| Preceded by | José Vera Jardim |
| Succeeded by | Celeste Cardona |
| Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | |
| In office 27 November 1997 – 25 October 1999 | |
| Prime Minister | António Guterres |
| Preceded by | António Couto dos Santos |
| Succeeded by | Luís Marques Mendes |
| Member of the Assembly of the Republic | |
| In office 23 October 2015 – 26 March 2024 | |
| Constituency | Lisbon |
| In office 27 November 1997 – 13 June 2004 | |
| Constituency | Lisbon |
| In office 6 October 1991 – 28 October 1995 | |
| Constituency | Lisbon |
| Member of the European Parliament | |
| In office 20 July 2004 – 11 March 2005 | |
| Constituency | Portugal |
| Personal details | |
| Born | António Luís Santos da Costa 17 July 1961 Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party | Socialist Party (since 1975) |
| Spouse | Fernanda Tadeu (m. 1987) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents |
|
| Residence | São Bento Mansion |
| Alma mater | University of Lisbon |
| Signature | |
| Website | portugal.gov.pt/pm |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Portugal |
| Branch/service | Portuguese Army |
Previously, he was Secretary of State for Parliamentary Affairs from 1995 to 1997, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2002, Minister of Internal Administration from 2005 to 2007, as well as Mayor of Lisbon from 2007 to 2015. He was elected Secretary-General of the Socialist Party in 2014, a post he held until early 2024.[2]
On 7 November 2023, Costa resigned following ongoing searches and arrests involving members of his Socialist government in connection with alleged corruption and malfeasance in handling lithium mining and hydrogen projects in the country.[3][4] The President of Portugal decided to dissolve Parliament and called for a snap election, held in 10 March 2024. Costa stayed as Prime Minister in a caretaker capacity until his successor, hitherto leader of the opposition Luís Montenegro, was sworn-in on 2 April 2024.[5][6]
Early life and education edit
Costa was born in 1961 in Lisbon, Portugal, the son of writer Orlando da Costa and journalist Maria Antónia Palla. Orlando da Costa was half Portuguese and half Indian; his father was born in Maputo, Mozambique, to a Goan family.[7][8] In Goa, Costa is affectionately known as Babush, a word in Konkani meaning a young loved one.[9]
Costa graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon in the 1980s, when he first entered politics and was elected as a Socialist deputy to the municipal council. He completed the mandatory military service in 1987[10] and later practiced law briefly from 1988, before entering politics full-time.[11]
Political career edit
Costa's first role in a Socialist government was as Minister of Parliamentary Affairs under Prime Minister António Guterres between 1997 and 1999. He was Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2002.[11]
Costa was a member of the European Parliament for the Socialist Party (PES), heading the list for the 2004 European elections after the death of top candidate António de Sousa Franco. On 20 July 2004 he was elected as one of the 14 vice-presidents of the European Parliament. He also served on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.[12]
Costa resigned as an MEP on 11 March 2005 to become Minister of State and Internal Administration in the government of José Sócrates following the 2005 national elections.[13]
Mayor of Lisbon edit
António Costa resigned all government offices in May 2007 to become his party's candidate for the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal's capital city. He was elected as Lisbon's mayor on 15 July 2007 and reelected in 2009 and 2013, with a bigger majority each time. In April 2015 he resigned his duties as a mayor, while he was already the secretary general of the Socialist Party and the party's candidate for Prime Minister, so that he could prepare his campaign for the October 2015 general elections.[14]
Candidate for prime minister edit
In September 2014, the Socialist Party chose Costa as its candidate to be prime minister of Portugal in the 2015 national elections. In a ballot to select the party's candidate, gaining nearly 70 percent of the votes, he defeated party leader António José Seguro, who announced his resignation after the result.[15] By April 2015, he stepped down as mayor to focus on his campaign.[16]
During the campaign, Costa pledged to ease back on austerity and give more disposable income back to households.[17] He proposed to boost incomes, hiring and growth in order to cut the budget deficits while scrapping austerity measures and cutting taxes for the middle and lower classes, asserting that would still allow deficits to reduce in line with the Euro convergence criteria.[18] Also, he pledged to roll back a hugely unpopular hike in value added tax on restaurants and reinstate some benefits for civil servants.[16]
Prime Minister of Portugal edit
First term (2015–2019) edit
On 4 October 2015, the conservative Portugal Ahead coalition that had ruled the country since 2011 came first in the elections winning 38.6% of the vote, while the Socialist Party (PS) came second with 32.3%. Passos Coelho was reappointed Prime Minister the following days, but António Costa formed an alliance with the other parties on the left (the Left Bloc, the Portuguese Communist Party and the Ecologist Party "The Greens"), which altogether constituted a majority in Parliament, and toppled the government on 10 November (the People–Animals–Nature party also voted in favour of the motion of rejection presented by the left alliance). After toppling the conservative government, Costa was chosen as the new prime minister of Portugal by President Cavaco Silva on 24 November and assumed office on 26 November.[14][19]
By March 2017, polls put support for Costa's Socialists at 42 percent, up 10 points from their share of the vote in the 2015 election and close to a level that would give them a majority in parliament were the country to vote again.[20] In the 2017 local elections, Costa further consolidated power in Portugal as his party captured a record haul of 158 town halls out of the country's 308 cities and towns; nationwide, the Socialists’ vote share topped 38 percent, again up from their result in the 2015 parliamentary election.[21]
During his tenure, Portugal experienced its deadliest wildfires ever, firstly in Pedrogão Grande in June 2017 (65 dead) and later across the country in October 2017 (41 dead).[22] In October 2017, the opposition People's Party (CDS) launched a motion of no-confidence in Costa's government over its failure to prevent the loss of human lives in the lethal Iberian wildfires, the second such disaster in four months; the motion was largely symbolic as the minority Socialist government continued to be backed in parliament by two left-wing parties.[23]
In April 2018, Reuters reported that, "Since coming to power, Costa's government has managed to combine fiscal discipline with measures to support growth, while reversing most of the austerity policies imposed by the previous center-right administration during the 2010–13 debt crisis.[24]
In early 2019, Costa's government survived another opposition motion of no confidence lodged over a wave of public sector strikes.[25] Ahead of the 2019 national elections, Costa ruled out a coalition government with the hard left if, as expected, his governing party won the election but fell shy of a parliamentary majority. Instead, he indicated he favored a continuation of the current pact in parliament with the Communists and/or the Left Bloc – rather than any formal coalition in which they would have government ministers.[26]
Second term (2019–2022) edit
Costa's second government was sworn in on 26 October 2019,[27] the biggest government in Portuguese democracy, with 70 members: 20 ministers, including the Prime Minister, and 50 secretaries of state.[28] This government would prove to be very unstable due to the lack of an agreement between the left-wing parties, and, in the vote of the 2020 budget, BE and CDU abstained while the Socialists were the only party voting in favour.[29]
Despite the political instability from the lack of an agreement, the XXII government was dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first case appeared on 2 March 2020, and shortly after, the government declared a state of emergency, that was signed by the President, and a lockdown was also issued.[30] The lockdown and restrictions were lifted in June 2020, but new measures would be enacted in the following months as infections and deaths rose. By mid 2022, Portugal had become one the worst affected countries in the world by the pandemic, with a death rate of 25.8 per 1 million, and an infection rate of 1,090 per 1 million.[31] The Covid vaccination campaign in Portugal, led by Admiral Henrique Gouveia e Melo, which was nominated by the government, was a major success with more than 28 million vaccines given and nearly 9 million people fully vaccinated (85% of the population), one of the biggest rates in the world.[32]
Between 1 January and 30 June 2021, António Costa presided the Council of the European Union. In the 2021 local elections, the Socialist Party remained the largest party in the country, but suffered heavy loses in several cities, especially Lisbon which was lost to a center-right coalition.[33] The results were seen as a "yellow card" to António Costa.[34] At the same time, the left-wing parties, BE and CDU, were threatening to reject the 2022 budget if Costa's government didn't made more concessions.[35] The President warned that budget rejection would lead to snap elections, which ultimately happened as the left-wing parties joined forces with the right-wing and rejected the 2022 budget, the first rejection in democracy.[36] Snap elections were called for 30 January 2022.
Third term (2022–2024) edit
Costa was re-elected in the 2022 Portuguese legislative election, with the PS winning 120 seats, up from 108 seats, in a surprise outright majority in the Assembly. In the weeks leading up to the election, polling suggested that Costa and the Socialist party would retain their status as the largest party in the Assembly but would need the help of other parties to achieve a majority. In his victory speech, Costa thanked voters for giving him "an increased responsibility" and promising to govern "with and for all Portuguese".[37] This gave him the mandate to form the XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal.[38]
Costa’s third term was marred by a wave of scandals and resignations that affected his popularity negatively in the opinion polls.[39] 11 ministers and secretaries of state left their roles, over allegations of corruption and past misconduct or questionable practices.[40] The most significant scandal was the TAP scandal where Costa’s government has been involved. Infrastructure Minister Pedro Nuno Santos submitted his resignation in December 2022, following a public backlash over a hefty severance pay a secretary of state received from state-owned TAP, which fell under his remit.[41]
Costa replaced Santos with João Galamba who submitted his resignation in May 2023 as the TAP scandal widened. Opposition parties said that Galamba concealed from parliament that he had proposed that then TAP CEO Christine Ourmières-Widener meet Socialist lawmakers to prepare for a parliamentary hearing about her severance package. Widener was later fired after an official inspection found that the severance was illegal. Galamba initially said the preparatory meeting was TAP's idea, but acknowledged it was he who had told Widener that, if she wanted, she could attend the meeting where his advisors would also be present.[42]
Galamba added that one of his advisors, who took notes on what was discussed at the meeting, had been fired, and taken a laptop with confidential information with him. The laptop was later recovered by the national intelligence service SIS, leading to accusations from the opposition of a government overreach since such cases were a police matter. Costa denied that neither he nor any member of the government had given orders to SIS to recover the laptop.[42] He added that he would reject the resignation of Galamba, keeping him in the job against president Marcelo Rebelo De Sousa's and the opposition’s request.[43] President Rebelo de Sousa responded by issuing a warning that Costa's government needed to work on preserving its credibility, while refraining from using his power to dissolve parliament.[44]
Resignation edit
On 7 November 2023, Portuguese prosecutors detained Costa's chief of staff Vítor Escária and named João Galamba a formal suspect[45] in an investigation into alleged corruption in lithium mining, green hydrogen production and a data centre deals. Over 40 searches were carried out, some of which in government and local government buildings, including Escária's office, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Action.[46][47] Costa is also under suspicion of enabling the lithium and green hydrogen deals, and will be inquired by the Supreme Court of Justice.[48]
In a televised statement in the afternoon, Costa announced his resignation from the position of prime minister, saying that "the dignity of the functions of prime minister is not compatible with any suspicion about his integrity, his good conduct and even less with the suspicion of the practice of any criminal act".[3]
The President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, accepted Costa's resignation on the same day.[49] However, the resignation of Costa and his government was only made official on 8 December, in order to have the State Budget for 2024 approved. The Assembly of the Republic was also dissolved. The president scheduled early elections to be held on 10 March 2024. Costa's government remained in office in a caretaker capacity until the new government (led by Luis Montenegro) was sworn in after the elections.[5][50][6]
Personal life edit
In 1987, Costa married Fernanda Maria Gonçalves Tadeu, a teacher.[11] The couple have a son and a daughter. Costa also holds an Overseas Citizenship of India.[51]
Costa is a supporter of the football club S.L. Benfica,[52] and was a frequent spectator at their matches while mayor of Lisbon. He also accompanied Benfica to both UEFA Europa League finals, in 2013 and 2014.
Honours edit
National honours edit
- Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (1 March 2006)[53]
Foreign honours edit
- Brazil:
- Grand Cross of the Order of Rio Branco (29 May 2023)[54]
- Commander of the Order of Rio Branco (19 May 2014)[54]
- Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (31 August 2010)[54]
- Estonia: Third Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16 July 2010)[54]
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Honour (21 April 2017)[54]
- Holy See: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (3 September 2010)[54]
- Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (16 February 2015)[54]
- Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order for Merits to Lithuania (16 July 2010)[54]
- Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (28 June 2019)[54]
- Norway: Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (25 September 2009)[54]
- Poland:
- Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (16 February 2015)[54]
- Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (18 July 2012)[54]
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Grand Cross of the Order pro merito Melitensi (23 November 2010)[54]
- Spain: Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (25 November 2016)[55]
Other awards edit
- India: Pravasi Bharatiya Samman for Public Services (2017)[56]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Leadership". Party of European Socialists. from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ^ António Costa's Biography on the Portuguese Government's official webpage 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b "Portugal's PM Costa resigns over corruption investigation". Reuters. 7 November 2023. from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "Face a buscas e detenções, Marcelo recebeu Costa a pedido deste em Belém". Notícias ao Minuto (in Portuguese). 7 November 2023. from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ a b . Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ a b Pinto, Salomé (2 April 2024). [Montenegro succeeds Costa. Ministers took office]. ECO (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ Then Came A Gandhi 12 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine, outlookindia.com, retrieved 10 September 2015
- ^ "'Proud of my roots in Goa': Portugal PM Antonio Costa's Q&A with HT". Hindustan Times. 6 January 2017. from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- ^ "Portugal PM Antonio Costa: Goan connection of 'Gandhi of Lisbon' who won polls again". WION. from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ "António Costa" (PDF). Jornal de Campanha — Socialist Party. August 2015. p. 3. (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ a b c Axel Bugge (4 October 2015), Portuguese Socialist leader Costa candidate for PM 16 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ . European Parliament. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.
- ^ Mais de um terço do Executivo de Costa esteve nos governos de Sócrates (Jornal Económico) https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/mais-de-um-terco-do-executivo-de-costa-esteve-nos-governos-de-socrates-722921 3 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Agence France-Presse (25 November 2015), Portugal gets Antonio Costa as new PM after election winner only lasted 11 days 24 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.
- ^ Andrei Khalip (28 September 2014), Portugal opposition Socialists choose mayor of Lisbon as candidate for PM in next year's election 25 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ a b Axel Bugge (1 April 2015), Lisbon Socialist mayor steps down to campaign for Portugal PM 4 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Axel Bugge (18 September 2015), Portugal election race still in dead heat, no majority win: poll 4 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Andrei Khalip (17 September 2015), Portuguese PM and Socialist opponent clash over austerity as election nears 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Patricia Kowsmann and Matt Moffett (24 November 2015). "Socialist Leader António Costa Is Named as Portugal's Prime Minister". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ Axel Bugge (31 March 2017), As Europe left struggles, Portugal's alliance wins over voters and Brussels 21 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Paul Ames (2 October 2017), Portugal’s Socialists toast ‘biggest ever’ election win 3 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Politico Europe.
- ^ "Portugal and Spain wildfires: Dozens dead and injured". BBC News. 16 October 2017. from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ Axel Bugge and Andrei Khalip (17 October 2017), Portugal's government faces no-confidence vote over forest fires 27 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Andrei Khalip (13 April 2018), Portugal government targets budget surplus in 2020, irks allies 15 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Andrei Khalip and Mark Heinrich (20 February 2019), Portuguese PM withstands no confidence motion in parliament 26 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Andrei Khalip (29 August 2019), Portugal PM rules out coalition government after October election 4 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ "Costa quer salário mínimo nos 750 euros em 2023". Público (in European Portuguese). 26 October 2019. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Apertos de mão e papéis assinados. A tomada de posse do Governo em imagens". TSF (in European Portuguese). 26 October 2019. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Orçamento do Estado para 2020 aprovado com votos do PS e abstenção da esquerda". ECO (in European Portuguese). 6 February 2020. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Coronavírus. Governo decreta fecho das escolas até 9 de abril e reduz lotação de centros comerciais e restaurantes". ECO (in European Portuguese). 12 March 2020. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Covid-19. Portugal é líder mundial de novos casos há 25 dias". Renascença (in European Portuguese). 6 June 2022. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Mais de 28 milhões de vacinas contra a covid-19 administradas desde a primeira, há três anos". Visão (in European Portuguese). 27 December 2023. from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "CML. Carlos Moedas vence Lisboa contrariando todas as sondagens". Rádio e Televisão Portuguesa (in Portuguese). 2021. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Lisboa derrota PS. Cartão amarelo para António Costa". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 2021. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "OE2022. PCP junta-se a BE e anuncia voto contra orçamento "tal como está"" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 12 October 2021. from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade". RTP (in Portuguese). Lisbon. 28 October 2021. from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Portugal elections explained". www.theportugalnews.com. from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Portugal election: Socialists win unexpected majority". BBC News. 31 January 2022. from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
- ^ "PSD volta a ficar à frente do PS em nova sondagem – Observador". observador.pt. from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ Demony, Catarina (5 January 2023). "Another Portuguese government member quits in latest hiring scandal". Reuters. from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ "Portugal's infrastructure minister quits over TAP controversy". Reuters. 29 December 2022. from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ a b Goncalves, Sergio; Demony, Catarina; Demony, Catarina (2 May 2023). "Portuguese minister resigns in growing airline scandal, PM keeps him in job". Reuters. from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ Goncalves, Sergio; Khalip, Andrei (3 May 2023). "Portugal risks political crisis amid rift between prime minister and president". Reuters. from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ Goncalves, Sergio; Khalip, Andrei (4 May 2023). "Portuguese president warns PM over credibility, avoids crisis". Reuters. from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (7 November 2023). "João Galamba foi constituído arguido pelo Ministério Público". João Galamba foi constituído arguido pelo Ministério Público (in Portuguese). from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ Demony, Catarina; Rua, Patricia Vicente; Goncalves, Sergio; Demony, Catarina (7 November 2023). "Portuguese PM to address lithium probe as minister named suspect in graft case". Reuters. from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "Buscas e detenções | Departamento Central de Investigação e Ação Penal". dciap.ministeriopublico.pt (in Portuguese). from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ "Governo investigado: António Costa é suspeito e vai ser alvo de inquérito pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justiça". Expresso (in Portuguese). 7 November 2023. from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ . Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ . Presidência da República Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ "PM Narendra Modi presents OCI card to Portugal's Indian-origin PM Antonio Costa". 24 June 2017. from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ^ "António Costa espera dérbi com "golos e espetáculo"". 28 August 2013. from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^ "Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Estrangeiras". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ^ Presidencia del Gobierno: "Real Decreto 577/2016, de 25 de noviembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III al Excelentísimo Señor Antonio Luis Santos da Costa, Primer Ministro de la República Portuguesa" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (286): 82949. 26 November 2016. ISSN 0212-033X. (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ Deepika, K.C. (10 January 2017). "Awarding PIOs in recognition of their services". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
External links edit
- Biography in the Portuguese Government site