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Wikipedia

The Heritage Foundation

April 27, 2023

The Heritage Foundation (abbreviated to Heritage)[1][2] is an American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. that is primarily geared toward public policy. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership.[4]

The Heritage Foundation
AbbreviationHeritage[1][2]
FormationFebruary 16, 1973
(50 years ago) (1973-02-16)
Typenonprofit
Headquarters214 Massachusetts Avenue Northeast
Location
President
Kevin D. Roberts
Chairman
Barb Van Andel-Gaby
Affiliations
Revenue (2018)
US$86,808,369[3]
Expenses (2018)US$75,065,736[3]
Websiteheritage.org

The Heritage Foundation has had significant influence in U.S. public policy making. It is among the most influential public policy organizations in the United States.[5]

History and major initiatives

Early years

 
The Heritage Foundation's headquarters building, on Massachusetts Avenue on Capitol Hill.

The Heritage Foundation was founded on February 16, 1973, by Paul Weyrich, Edwin Feulner, and Joseph Coors.[6][7][8] Growing out of the new business activist movement inspired by the Powell Memorandum,[9][10] discontent with Richard Nixon's embrace of the "liberal consensus" and the nonpolemical, cautious nature of existing think tanks,[11] Weyrich and Feulner sought to create a version of the Brookings Institution that advanced conservative activism.[6] Coors was the primary funder of the Heritage Foundation in its early years.[8] Weyrich was its first president. Later, under president Frank J. Walton, the Heritage Foundation began using direct mail fundraising and Heritage's annual income grew to $1 million per year in 1976.[8] By 1981, the annual budget grew to $5.3 million.[6]

Heritage advocated for pro-business policies, anti-communism and neoconservatism in its early years, but distinguished itself from the conservative American Enterprise Institute (AEI) by also advocating for the Christian right.[6] Through the 1970s, Heritage would remain small relative to Brookings and the AEI.[6]

Reagan administration

In January 1981, Heritage published the Mandate for Leadership, a comprehensive report aimed at reducing the size of the federal government, providing public policy guidance to the incoming Reagan administration, including more than 2,000 specific suggestions to move the federal government in a conservative direction. The report was well received by the White House, and several of its authors went on to take positions in the Reagan administration.[12] Reagan liked the ideas so much that he gave a copy to each member of his cabinet to review.[13] Approximately 60% of the 2,000 proposals were implemented or initiated by the end of Reagan's first year in office.[12][14] Ronald Reagan later said that the Heritage Foundation was a "vital force" in the successes during his presidency.[13]

Heritage was influential in developing and advancing of the so-called "Reagan Doctrine", a Reagan administration foreign policy initiative in which the U.S. provided military and other support to anti-communist resistance movements fighting Soviet-aligned governments in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Nicaragua and other nations during the final years of the Cold War.[15]

Heritage also advocated the development of new ballistic missile defense systems for the United States. Reagan adopted this as his top defense priority in 1983, calling it the Strategic Defense Initiative.[12] By mid-decade, The Heritage Foundation had emerged as a key organization in the national conservative movement, publishing influential reports on domestic and defense issues, as well as pieces by prominent conservative figures, such as Bob Dole and Pat Robertson.[16] In 1986, Time magazine called Heritage "the foremost of the new breed of advocacy tanks".[17] During the Reagan and Bush administrations, The Heritage Foundation served as the President's brain trust on foreign policy.[18]

George H. W. Bush administration

The Heritage Foundation remained an influential voice on domestic and foreign policy issues during President George H. W. Bush's administration. It was a leading proponent of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq, and – according to Frank Starr, head of the Baltimore Sun's Washington bureau – the foundation's studies "laid much of the groundwork for Bush administration thinking" about post-Soviet foreign policy.[19] In domestic policy, the Bush administration agreed with six of the ten budget reforms contained in Mandate for Leadership III and included them in their 1990 budget proposal. Heritage also became involved in the culture wars of the 1990s with the publication of "The Index of Leading Cultural Indicators" by William Bennett. The Index documented how crime, illegitimacy, divorce, teenage suicide, drug use and fourteen other social indicators had become measurably worse since the 1960s.[20]

Clinton administration

Heritage continued to grow throughout the 1990s and its journal, Policy Review, hit an all-time-high circulation of 23,000. Heritage was an opponent of the Clinton health care plan of 1993. President Clinton's welfare reforms were analogous with Heritage's recommendations and were adopted in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996. In 1995, Heritage published the first Index of Economic Freedom, co-authored by policy analyst Bryan T. Johnson and Thomas P. Sheehy. In 1997, the Index became a joint project between the Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal.[20]

In 1994, Heritage advised Newt Gingrich and other conservatives on the development of the "Contract with America", which was credited with helping to produce a Republican majority in Congress. The "Contract" was a pact of principles that directly challenged both the political status-quo in Washington and many of the ideas at the heart of the Clinton administration.[21]

George W. Bush administration

The Heritage Foundation supported the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.[22][23] According to a 2004 study in the journal International Security, the Heritage Foundation confused public debate by challenging widespread opposition to the Iraq War by international relations scholars and experts by contradicting them "with experts of apparently equal authority... this undermined the possibility that any criticisms [of the war] might be seen as authoritative or have much persuasive effect."[22] The organization defended the Bush administration's Guantanamo Bay practices.[22]

In 2005, The Washington Post criticized the Heritage Foundation for softening its criticism of Malaysia following a business relationship between Heritage's president and Malaysia's prime minister Mahathir Mohamad. The Heritage Foundation denied any conflict of interest, stating its views on Malaysia changed following the country's cooperation with the U.S. after the September 11 attacks in 2001,[24] and changes by Malaysia "moving in the right economic and political direction."[25][26]

Obama administration

 
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Admiral Gary Roughead speaks at The Heritage Foundation.

The health insurance mandate in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, is an idea hatched in 1989 by Stuart Butler at Heritage in a publication titled "Assuring Affordable Health Care for All Americans".[27] This was also the model for Mitt Romney's health care plan in Massachusetts.[28]

In December 2012, an announcement was made that Senator Jim DeMint would resign from the Senate to head the Heritage Foundation.[29] Pundits predicted his tenure would bring a sharper, more politicized edge to the foundation.[30] DeMint's eventual ouster in 2017 led some, such as Mickey Edwards (R-Okla.), to believe Heritage sought to pare back its partisan edge and restore its reputation as a pioneering think tank.[31]

On May 10, 2013, Jason Richwine, who co-authored the think tank's controversial report on the costs of amnesty, resigned his position following intensive media attention on his Harvard PhD thesis from 2009 and comments he made at a 2008 American Enterprise Institute forum. Richwine argued that Hispanics and Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites and have trouble assimilating because of a supposed genetic predisposition to lower IQ.[32][33]

A 2011 study on poverty in America[34] was criticized for what critics called an overly narrow definition of poverty. Criticism was published in opinion editorials in The New Republic, The Nation, the Center for American Progress, and The Washington Post.[35][36][37][38]

A 2013 study by Heritage senior fellow Robert Rector on the 2013 Senate Immigration Bill (Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013) was criticized for its methodology by critics from across the political spectrum.[39] Notably, outlets like Reason magazine and the Cato Institute criticized the report for failing to employ dynamic scoring despite Heritage's support for such methodology in analyzing other policy proposals.[40] The study was also criticized because its co-author, Jason Richwine, said in his 2009 doctoral dissertation that immigrants' IQs should be considered when crafting public policy.[41]

In July 2013, following disputes over the farm bill, the Republican Study Committee of 172 conservative U.S. House members reversed a decades-old tradition of access by barring Heritage Foundation employees from attending its weekly meeting in the Capitol, but continues cooperation through "regular joint events and briefings".[42]

In September 2015, the foundation stated publicly that it had been targeted by hackers and had experienced a breach in which donors' information was taken. The Hill publication compared the attack to another notable data breach at the Office of Personnel Management a few months before. The identity of those that attacked the foundation and their motivations are unknown.[43]

Trump administration

The Heritage Foundation had a major influence on Donald Trump's presidential transition and administration.[44][45][46] The foundation had a powerful say in the staffing of the administration, with CNN noting during the transition that "no other Washington institution has that kind of footprint in the transition."[44] One reason for the Heritage Foundation's disproportionate influence relative to other conservative think tanks is that other conservative think tanks had members who identified as "never-Trumpers" during the 2016 election whereas the Heritage Foundation signaled early on to Trump that it would be supportive of him.[44][45] At least 66 foundation employees and alumni were given positions in the administration.[45]

In 2014, the Heritage Foundation began building a database of approximately 3,000 conservatives who they trusted to serve in a hypothetical Republican administration for the upcoming 2016 election.[45] According to individuals involved in crafting the database, several hundred people from the Heritage database ultimately received jobs in government agencies, including Scott Pruitt, Betsy DeVos, Mick Mulvaney, Rick Perry, Jeff Sessions and others who became members of Trump's cabinet.[45] Jim DeMint, president of the Heritage Foundation from 2013 to 2017, personally intervened on behalf of Mulvaney who would go on to head the Office of Management and Budget, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and later become acting White House Chief of Staff.[45]

In 2021, after Trump lost re-election, the Heritage Foundation hired Chad Wolf, Ken Cuccinelli and Mark Morgan, all three of whom played a prominent role in the immigration policies of the Trump administration.[47] It also hired former Vice President Mike Pence.[48] Shortly thereafter, Pence published an op-ed on a Heritage Foundation website which made false claims of fraud in the 2020 election, as well as numerous false claims about For the People Act, a Democratic bill to expand voting rights.[49][50][51]

Biden administration

In 2021, the Heritage Foundation shifted from its traditional style of conservatism to firebrand, Trump-style conservatism. Right-wing figures and Trump allies frequently criticized Heritage Foundation positions under the leadership of Kay Coles James in 2020 and 2021, prompting her to step down in March.[52] She was replaced by Kevin Roberts, the head of the Texas Public Policy Foundation and member of Texas Governor Greg Abbott's COVID-19 task force.[52][53]

Activities

The Heritage Foundation has been considered one of the world's most influential think tanks. The 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ranks Heritage as sixth among the "top ten think tanks in the United States" and thirteenth worldwide.[54]

Heritage published a 1981 book of policy analyses, Mandate for Leadership, that offered specific recommendations on policy, budget, and administrative action for all Cabinet departments. The Heritage Foundation also publishes The Insider, a quarterly magazine about public policy. Until 2001, the Heritage Foundation published Policy Review, a public policy journal; the journal was then acquired by the Hoover Institution. From 1995 to 2005, the Heritage Foundation ran Townhall.com, a conservative website that was subsequently acquired by Camarillo, California-based Salem Communications.[55]

Under Jim DeMint's leadership, the process involved in publishing policy papers changed at the Heritage Foundation.[45] Whereas previous senior staff reviewed policy papers by authors, DeMint and his team heavily edited policy papers or shelved them.[45] In response to this, several scholars at the foundation quit.[45]

Internationally, Heritage publishes the annual Index of Economic Freedom, which measures a country's freedom in terms of property rights and freedom from government regulation. The factors used to calculate the Index score are corruption in government, barriers to international trade, income tax and corporate tax rates, government expenditures, rule of law and the ability to enforce contracts, regulatory burdens, banking restrictions, labor regulations, and black market activities. A British-born academic, Charles W. L. Hill, after discussing the international shift toward a market-based economic system and Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom, said "given that the Heritage Foundation has a political agenda, its work should be viewed with caution."[56]

In 2002, Heritage began publishing its annual "Index of Dependence" report on federal government programs in five areas (housing; health care and welfare; retirement; higher education; and rural and agricultural services) that, in its view, constrain private sector or local government alternatives and impact the dependence of individuals on the federal government.[57] The 2010 Heritage report concluded that each year the number of Americans who pay nothing in federal personal income taxes had increased, while the number who rely on government services increased.[58] The 2010 report stated that in the previous eight years, the index of government dependence has grown by almost 33 percent.[59] Heritage's conclusions have been questioned; Rex Nutting of MarketWatch wrote in 2012 that the report was "misleading" and "alarmist"; that the percentage of Americans "dependent" upon government had remained essentially the same as it was in the 1980s; and that a small increase was attributable to the Great Recession and an aging population with proportionally more retirees.[60]

The Heritage Foundation's blog, The Foundry, was phased out in 2014 and replaced with The Daily Signal.[61][62]

In 2005, Heritage established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom in honor of the former British prime minister.[63] Thatcher herself maintained a long relationship with The Heritage Foundation. Shortly after leaving office, Thatcher was honored by Heritage at a September 1991 dinner.[64] Seven years later, Thatcher delivered the keynote address during Heritage's 25th anniversary celebration.[65] In 2002, Thatcher was again honored by Heritage as the recipient of its annual Clare Boothe Luce Award.[66]

In November 2011, the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) co-hosted a debate among the candidates for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination on foreign policy and national defense.[67] The first presidential debate to be sponsored by either Heritage or AEI,[68] During the debate, Heritage fellows Edwin Meese and David Addington were among the moderators.[69] Conservative commentator Michael Barone praised the debate as "probably the most substantive and serious presidential debate of this election cycle."[70]

The Heritage Foundation is an associate member of the State Policy Network.[71][72]

Climate change denial

The Heritage Foundation rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.[73][74] The Heritage Foundation is one of many climate change denial organizations that have been funded by ExxonMobil.[73][75] The Heritage Foundation strongly criticized the Kyoto Agreement to curb climate change, saying American participation in the treaty would "result in lower economic growth in every state and nearly every sector of the economy."[76] They projected that the 2009 cap-and-trade bill, the American Clean Energy and Security Act, would result in a cost of $1,870 per family in 2025 and $6,800 by 2035; on the other hand, the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office projected that it would only cost the average family $175 in 2020.[77]

Voter fraud claims

The Heritage Foundation has promoted false claims of voter fraud. Hans von Spakovsky who heads the Election Law Reform Initiative at the Heritage Foundation has played an influential role in making alarmism about voter fraud mainstream in the Republican Party, despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud.[78][79] His work, which claims voting fraud is rampant, has been discredited.[80]

Following the 2020 presidential election—in which President Donald Trump made baseless claims of fraud after he was defeated for reelection—the Heritage Foundation launched a campaign in support of Republican efforts to make state voting laws more restrictive.[81][82] Heritage, through its political arm, Heritage Action for America, planned to spend $24 million over two years across eight key states to support efforts to restrict voting, in coordination with the Republican Party and allied conservative outside groups, such as Susan B. Anthony List, American Legislative Exchange Council and State Policy Network. Almost two dozen election bills introduced by Republican state legislators in early 2021 were based on a Heritage letter and report.[83] Heritage also mobilized in opposition to H.R. 1./S. 1, a Democratic bill to establish uniform nationwide voting standards (including expanded early and postal voting, as well as automatic and same-day voter registration), reform campaign finance law, and prohibit partisan redistricting.[81][82] In 2021, Heritage Action spent $750,000 on television ads in Arizona to promote the false claim that "Democrats ... want to register illegal aliens" to vote, even though the Democrats' legislation creates safeguards to ensure that ineligible people cannot register.[82] In April 2021, Heritage Action boasted to its private donors that it had successfully crafted the election reform bills that Republican state legislators introduced in Georgia and other states.[84]

Anti-critical race theory legislation

In 2021, the Heritage Foundation said that one of its two priorities (along with tightening voting laws) was to push Republican-controlled states to ban or restrict critical race theory instruction.[85] The Heritage Foundation sought to get Republicans in Congress to put anti-critical race theory provisions into must-pass legislation such as the annual defense spending bill.[85]

Opposition to transgender rights

The Heritage Foundation has engaged in several activities in opposition to transgender rights, including hosting several anti-transgender rights events,[86][87] developing and supporting legislation templates against transgender rights,[88][89][90] and making claims about transgender youth healthcare and suicide rates based on internal research, contrary to the findings of peer-reviewed scientific studies.[91]

Ukraine

Heritage Action opposed the $40 billion military aid package for Ukraine passed in May 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, breaking from its previous positions of support for such aid.[92][93] The Heritage Foundation's foreign policy director at the time, Luke Coffey, said he was ordered to retract his earlier statements supporting aid to Ukraine. Coffey subsequently left the Heritage Foundation.[94]

Funding

In 1973, businessman Joseph Coors contributed $250,000 to establish The Heritage Foundation and continued to fund it through the Adolph Coors Foundation.[95][96] In 1973, it had trustees from Chase Manhattan Bank, Dow Chemical, General Motors, Pfizer, Sears and Mobil.[97]

In the 1980s, The Heritage Foundation reportedly received a $2.2 million donation from South Korea's National Intelligence Service, then known as the Korean Central Intelligence Agency.[98]

Heritage is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization as well as a BBB Wise Giving Alliance accredited charity funded by donations from private individuals, corporations and charitable foundations.[99][100][101] As a 501(c)(3), Heritage is not required to disclose its donors and donations to the foundation are tax-deductible.[100] Heritage is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund.[102][103][importance?][104] As of 2010, Heritage reported 710,000 supporters.[105]

For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2011, Charity Watch reported that Edwin Feulner, past president of The Heritage Foundation, received the highest compensation in its top 25 list of compensation received by charity members. According to Charity Watch, Feulner received $2,702,687 in 2013. This sum includes investment earnings of $1,656,230 accrued over a period of 33 years.[106]

Heritage's total revenue for 2011 was $72,170,983 and its expenses were $80,033,828.[107][108]

Notable current and former board of trustees members

Honorary and emeritus trustees

References

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April 27, 2023
heritage, foundation, abbreviated, heritage, american, conservative, think, tank, based, washington, that, primarily, geared, toward, public, policy, foundation, took, leading, role, conservative, movement, during, presidency, ronald, reagan, whose, policies, . The Heritage Foundation abbreviated to Heritage 1 2 is an American conservative think tank based in Washington D C that is primarily geared toward public policy The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan whose policies were taken from Heritage s policy study Mandate for Leadership 4 The Heritage FoundationAbbreviationHeritage 1 2 FormationFebruary 16 1973 50 years ago 1973 02 16 TypenonprofitHeadquarters214 Massachusetts Avenue NortheastLocationWashington D C United StatesPresidentKevin D RobertsChairmanBarb Van Andel GabyAffiliationsRepublican PartyRevenue 2018 US 86 808 369 3 Expenses 2018 US 75 065 736 3 Websiteheritage wbr orgThe Heritage Foundation has had significant influence in U S public policy making It is among the most influential public policy organizations in the United States 5 Contents 1 History and major initiatives 1 1 Early years 1 2 Reagan administration 1 3 George H W Bush administration 1 4 Clinton administration 1 5 George W Bush administration 1 6 Obama administration 1 7 Trump administration 1 8 Biden administration 2 Activities 2 1 Climate change denial 2 2 Voter fraud claims 2 3 Anti critical race theory legislation 2 4 Opposition to transgender rights 2 5 Ukraine 3 Funding 4 Notable current and former board of trustees members 5 References 6 External linksHistory and major initiatives EditEarly years Edit The Heritage Foundation s headquarters building on Massachusetts Avenue on Capitol Hill The Heritage Foundation was founded on February 16 1973 by Paul Weyrich Edwin Feulner and Joseph Coors 6 7 8 Growing out of the new business activist movement inspired by the Powell Memorandum 9 10 discontent with Richard Nixon s embrace of the liberal consensus and the nonpolemical cautious nature of existing think tanks 11 Weyrich and Feulner sought to create a version of the Brookings Institution that advanced conservative activism 6 Coors was the primary funder of the Heritage Foundation in its early years 8 Weyrich was its first president Later under president Frank J Walton the Heritage Foundation began using direct mail fundraising and Heritage s annual income grew to 1 million per year in 1976 8 By 1981 the annual budget grew to 5 3 million 6 Heritage advocated for pro business policies anti communism and neoconservatism in its early years but distinguished itself from the conservative American Enterprise Institute AEI by also advocating for the Christian right 6 Through the 1970s Heritage would remain small relative to Brookings and the AEI 6 Reagan administration Edit In January 1981 Heritage published the Mandate for Leadership a comprehensive report aimed at reducing the size of the federal government providing public policy guidance to the incoming Reagan administration including more than 2 000 specific suggestions to move the federal government in a conservative direction The report was well received by the White House and several of its authors went on to take positions in the Reagan administration 12 Reagan liked the ideas so much that he gave a copy to each member of his cabinet to review 13 Approximately 60 of the 2 000 proposals were implemented or initiated by the end of Reagan s first year in office 12 14 Ronald Reagan later said that the Heritage Foundation was a vital force in the successes during his presidency 13 Heritage was influential in developing and advancing of the so called Reagan Doctrine a Reagan administration foreign policy initiative in which the U S provided military and other support to anti communist resistance movements fighting Soviet aligned governments in Afghanistan Angola Cambodia Nicaragua and other nations during the final years of the Cold War 15 Heritage also advocated the development of new ballistic missile defense systems for the United States Reagan adopted this as his top defense priority in 1983 calling it the Strategic Defense Initiative 12 By mid decade The Heritage Foundation had emerged as a key organization in the national conservative movement publishing influential reports on domestic and defense issues as well as pieces by prominent conservative figures such as Bob Dole and Pat Robertson 16 In 1986 Time magazine called Heritage the foremost of the new breed of advocacy tanks 17 During the Reagan and Bush administrations The Heritage Foundation served as the President s brain trust on foreign policy 18 George H W Bush administration Edit The Heritage Foundation remained an influential voice on domestic and foreign policy issues during President George H W Bush s administration It was a leading proponent of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq and according to Frank Starr head of the Baltimore Sun s Washington bureau the foundation s studies laid much of the groundwork for Bush administration thinking about post Soviet foreign policy 19 In domestic policy the Bush administration agreed with six of the ten budget reforms contained in Mandate for Leadership III and included them in their 1990 budget proposal Heritage also became involved in the culture wars of the 1990s with the publication of The Index of Leading Cultural Indicators by William Bennett The Index documented how crime illegitimacy divorce teenage suicide drug use and fourteen other social indicators had become measurably worse since the 1960s 20 Clinton administration Edit Heritage continued to grow throughout the 1990s and its journal Policy Review hit an all time high circulation of 23 000 Heritage was an opponent of the Clinton health care plan of 1993 President Clinton s welfare reforms were analogous with Heritage s recommendations and were adopted in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 In 1995 Heritage published the first Index of Economic Freedom co authored by policy analyst Bryan T Johnson and Thomas P Sheehy In 1997 the Index became a joint project between the Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal 20 In 1994 Heritage advised Newt Gingrich and other conservatives on the development of the Contract with America which was credited with helping to produce a Republican majority in Congress The Contract was a pact of principles that directly challenged both the political status quo in Washington and many of the ideas at the heart of the Clinton administration 21 George W Bush administration Edit The Heritage Foundation supported the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq 22 23 According to a 2004 study in the journal International Security the Heritage Foundation confused public debate by challenging widespread opposition to the Iraq War by international relations scholars and experts by contradicting them with experts of apparently equal authority this undermined the possibility that any criticisms of the war might be seen as authoritative or have much persuasive effect 22 The organization defended the Bush administration s Guantanamo Bay practices 22 In 2005 The Washington Post criticized the Heritage Foundation for softening its criticism of Malaysia following a business relationship between Heritage s president and Malaysia s prime minister Mahathir Mohamad The Heritage Foundation denied any conflict of interest stating its views on Malaysia changed following the country s cooperation with the U S after the September 11 attacks in 2001 24 and changes by Malaysia moving in the right economic and political direction 25 26 Obama administration Edit Chief of Naval Operations CNO Admiral Gary Roughead speaks at The Heritage Foundation The health insurance mandate in the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also known as Obamacare is an idea hatched in 1989 by Stuart Butler at Heritage in a publication titled Assuring Affordable Health Care for All Americans 27 This was also the model for Mitt Romney s health care plan in Massachusetts 28 In December 2012 an announcement was made that Senator Jim DeMint would resign from the Senate to head the Heritage Foundation 29 Pundits predicted his tenure would bring a sharper more politicized edge to the foundation 30 DeMint s eventual ouster in 2017 led some such as Mickey Edwards R Okla to believe Heritage sought to pare back its partisan edge and restore its reputation as a pioneering think tank 31 On May 10 2013 Jason Richwine who co authored the think tank s controversial report on the costs of amnesty resigned his position following intensive media attention on his Harvard PhD thesis from 2009 and comments he made at a 2008 American Enterprise Institute forum Richwine argued that Hispanics and Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites and have trouble assimilating because of a supposed genetic predisposition to lower IQ 32 33 A 2011 study on poverty in America 34 was criticized for what critics called an overly narrow definition of poverty Criticism was published in opinion editorials in The New Republic The Nation the Center for American Progress and The Washington Post 35 36 37 38 A 2013 study by Heritage senior fellow Robert Rector on the 2013 Senate Immigration Bill Border Security Economic Opportunity and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 was criticized for its methodology by critics from across the political spectrum 39 Notably outlets like Reason magazine and the Cato Institute criticized the report for failing to employ dynamic scoring despite Heritage s support for such methodology in analyzing other policy proposals 40 The study was also criticized because its co author Jason Richwine said in his 2009 doctoral dissertation that immigrants IQs should be considered when crafting public policy 41 In July 2013 following disputes over the farm bill the Republican Study Committee of 172 conservative U S House members reversed a decades old tradition of access by barring Heritage Foundation employees from attending its weekly meeting in the Capitol but continues cooperation through regular joint events and briefings 42 In September 2015 the foundation stated publicly that it had been targeted by hackers and had experienced a breach in which donors information was taken The Hill publication compared the attack to another notable data breach at the Office of Personnel Management a few months before The identity of those that attacked the foundation and their motivations are unknown 43 Trump administration Edit The Heritage Foundation had a major influence on Donald Trump s presidential transition and administration 44 45 46 The foundation had a powerful say in the staffing of the administration with CNN noting during the transition that no other Washington institution has that kind of footprint in the transition 44 One reason for the Heritage Foundation s disproportionate influence relative to other conservative think tanks is that other conservative think tanks had members who identified as never Trumpers during the 2016 election whereas the Heritage Foundation signaled early on to Trump that it would be supportive of him 44 45 At least 66 foundation employees and alumni were given positions in the administration 45 In 2014 the Heritage Foundation began building a database of approximately 3 000 conservatives who they trusted to serve in a hypothetical Republican administration for the upcoming 2016 election 45 According to individuals involved in crafting the database several hundred people from the Heritage database ultimately received jobs in government agencies including Scott Pruitt Betsy DeVos Mick Mulvaney Rick Perry Jeff Sessions and others who became members of Trump s cabinet 45 Jim DeMint president of the Heritage Foundation from 2013 to 2017 personally intervened on behalf of Mulvaney who would go on to head the Office of Management and Budget the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and later become acting White House Chief of Staff 45 In 2021 after Trump lost re election the Heritage Foundation hired Chad Wolf Ken Cuccinelli and Mark Morgan all three of whom played a prominent role in the immigration policies of the Trump administration 47 It also hired former Vice President Mike Pence 48 Shortly thereafter Pence published an op ed on a Heritage Foundation website which made false claims of fraud in the 2020 election as well as numerous false claims about For the People Act a Democratic bill to expand voting rights 49 50 51 Biden administration Edit In 2021 the Heritage Foundation shifted from its traditional style of conservatism to firebrand Trump style conservatism Right wing figures and Trump allies frequently criticized Heritage Foundation positions under the leadership of Kay Coles James in 2020 and 2021 prompting her to step down in March 52 She was replaced by Kevin Roberts the head of the Texas Public Policy Foundation and member of Texas Governor Greg Abbott s COVID 19 task force 52 53 Activities EditThe Heritage Foundation has been considered one of the world s most influential think tanks The 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ranks Heritage as sixth among the top ten think tanks in the United States and thirteenth worldwide 54 Heritage published a 1981 book of policy analyses Mandate for Leadership that offered specific recommendations on policy budget and administrative action for all Cabinet departments The Heritage Foundation also publishes The Insider a quarterly magazine about public policy Until 2001 the Heritage Foundation published Policy Review a public policy journal the journal was then acquired by the Hoover Institution From 1995 to 2005 the Heritage Foundation ran Townhall com a conservative website that was subsequently acquired by Camarillo California based Salem Communications 55 Under Jim DeMint s leadership the process involved in publishing policy papers changed at the Heritage Foundation 45 Whereas previous senior staff reviewed policy papers by authors DeMint and his team heavily edited policy papers or shelved them 45 In response to this several scholars at the foundation quit 45 Internationally Heritage publishes the annual Index of Economic Freedom which measures a country s freedom in terms of property rights and freedom from government regulation The factors used to calculate the Index score are corruption in government barriers to international trade income tax and corporate tax rates government expenditures rule of law and the ability to enforce contracts regulatory burdens banking restrictions labor regulations and black market activities A British born academic Charles W L Hill after discussing the international shift toward a market based economic system and Heritage Foundation s Index of Economic Freedom said given that the Heritage Foundation has a political agenda its work should be viewed with caution 56 In 2002 Heritage began publishing its annual Index of Dependence report on federal government programs in five areas housing health care and welfare retirement higher education and rural and agricultural services that in its view constrain private sector or local government alternatives and impact the dependence of individuals on the federal government 57 The 2010 Heritage report concluded that each year the number of Americans who pay nothing in federal personal income taxes had increased while the number who rely on government services increased 58 The 2010 report stated that in the previous eight years the index of government dependence has grown by almost 33 percent 59 Heritage s conclusions have been questioned Rex Nutting of MarketWatch wrote in 2012 that the report was misleading and alarmist that the percentage of Americans dependent upon government had remained essentially the same as it was in the 1980s and that a small increase was attributable to the Great Recession and an aging population with proportionally more retirees 60 The Heritage Foundation s blog The Foundry was phased out in 2014 and replaced with The Daily Signal 61 62 In 2005 Heritage established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom in honor of the former British prime minister 63 Thatcher herself maintained a long relationship with The Heritage Foundation Shortly after leaving office Thatcher was honored by Heritage at a September 1991 dinner 64 Seven years later Thatcher delivered the keynote address during Heritage s 25th anniversary celebration 65 In 2002 Thatcher was again honored by Heritage as the recipient of its annual Clare Boothe Luce Award 66 In November 2011 the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute AEI co hosted a debate among the candidates for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination on foreign policy and national defense 67 The first presidential debate to be sponsored by either Heritage or AEI 68 During the debate Heritage fellows Edwin Meese and David Addington were among the moderators 69 Conservative commentator Michael Barone praised the debate as probably the most substantive and serious presidential debate of this election cycle 70 The Heritage Foundation is an associate member of the State Policy Network 71 72 Climate change denial Edit The Heritage Foundation rejects the scientific consensus on climate change 73 74 The Heritage Foundation is one of many climate change denial organizations that have been funded by ExxonMobil 73 75 The Heritage Foundation strongly criticized the Kyoto Agreement to curb climate change saying American participation in the treaty would result in lower economic growth in every state and nearly every sector of the economy 76 They projected that the 2009 cap and trade bill the American Clean Energy and Security Act would result in a cost of 1 870 per family in 2025 and 6 800 by 2035 on the other hand the non partisan Congressional Budget Office projected that it would only cost the average family 175 in 2020 77 Voter fraud claims Edit The Heritage Foundation has promoted false claims of voter fraud Hans von Spakovsky who heads the Election Law Reform Initiative at the Heritage Foundation has played an influential role in making alarmism about voter fraud mainstream in the Republican Party despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud 78 79 His work which claims voting fraud is rampant has been discredited 80 Following the 2020 presidential election in which President Donald Trump made baseless claims of fraud after he was defeated for reelection the Heritage Foundation launched a campaign in support of Republican efforts to make state voting laws more restrictive 81 82 Heritage through its political arm Heritage Action for America planned to spend 24 million over two years across eight key states to support efforts to restrict voting in coordination with the Republican Party and allied conservative outside groups such as Susan B Anthony List American Legislative Exchange Council and State Policy Network Almost two dozen election bills introduced by Republican state legislators in early 2021 were based on a Heritage letter and report 83 Heritage also mobilized in opposition to H R 1 S 1 a Democratic bill to establish uniform nationwide voting standards including expanded early and postal voting as well as automatic and same day voter registration reform campaign finance law and prohibit partisan redistricting 81 82 In 2021 Heritage Action spent 750 000 on television ads in Arizona to promote the false claim that Democrats want to register illegal aliens to vote even though the Democrats legislation creates safeguards to ensure that ineligible people cannot register 82 In April 2021 Heritage Action boasted to its private donors that it had successfully crafted the election reform bills that Republican state legislators introduced in Georgia and other states 84 Anti critical race theory legislation Edit In 2021 the Heritage Foundation said that one of its two priorities along with tightening voting laws was to push Republican controlled states to ban or restrict critical race theory instruction 85 The Heritage Foundation sought to get Republicans in Congress to put anti critical race theory provisions into must pass legislation such as the annual defense spending bill 85 Opposition to transgender rights Edit The Heritage Foundation has engaged in several activities in opposition to transgender rights including hosting several anti transgender rights events 86 87 developing and supporting legislation templates against transgender rights 88 89 90 and making claims about transgender youth healthcare and suicide rates based on internal research contrary to the findings of peer reviewed scientific studies 91 Ukraine Edit Heritage Action opposed the 40 billion military aid package for Ukraine passed in May 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine breaking from its previous positions of support for such aid 92 93 The Heritage Foundation s foreign policy director at the time Luke Coffey said he was ordered to retract his earlier statements supporting aid to Ukraine Coffey subsequently left the Heritage Foundation 94 Funding EditIn 1973 businessman Joseph Coors contributed 250 000 to establish The Heritage Foundation and continued to fund it through the Adolph Coors Foundation 95 96 In 1973 it had trustees from Chase Manhattan Bank Dow Chemical General Motors Pfizer Sears and Mobil 97 In the 1980s The Heritage Foundation reportedly received a 2 2 million donation from South Korea s National Intelligence Service then known as the Korean Central Intelligence Agency 98 Heritage is a tax exempt 501 c 3 organization as well as a BBB Wise Giving Alliance accredited charity funded by donations from private individuals corporations and charitable foundations 99 100 101 As a 501 c 3 Heritage is not required to disclose its donors and donations to the foundation are tax deductible 100 Heritage is a grantee of the Donors Trust a nonprofit donor advised fund 102 103 importance 104 As of 2010 Heritage reported 710 000 supporters 105 For the fiscal year ending December 31 2011 Charity Watch reported that Edwin Feulner past president of The Heritage Foundation received the highest compensation in its top 25 list of compensation received by charity members According to Charity Watch Feulner received 2 702 687 in 2013 This sum includes investment earnings of 1 656 230 accrued over a period of 33 years 106 Heritage s total revenue for 2011 was 72 170 983 and its expenses were 80 033 828 107 108 Notable current and former board of trustees members EditLarry P Arnn Trustee since 2002 President of Hillsdale College 109 Jim DeMint Former President and board member former United States Senator 109 Edwin J Feulner Trustee since 1973 President of the Heritage Foundation 109 Jerry Hume Trustee since 1993 Chairman of Basic American Foods 109 Edwin Meese III former Attorney General of the United States Rebekah Mercer Trustee since 2014 Director of the Mercer Family Foundation 109 Anthony Saliba Trustee since 2012 trader entrepreneur and author 109 Thomas A Saunders III Trustee since 2005 founder of Saunders Karp amp Megrue 109 Brian Tracy Trustee since 2003 motivational public speaker and self development author 109 Honorary and emeritus trustees Midge Decter Trustee from 1981 to 2015 and Society of Emeritus Trustees since 2015 citation needed journalist 109 Frank Shakespeare Honorary Trustee since 1979 United States Ambassador to the Vatican 1986 1989 109 William E Simon Jr Politician and banker 109 J William Middendorf Trustee since 1989 American politician 109 Steve Forbes Trustee since 2001 President and CEO of Forbes 109 Kay Coles James former President 2018 2021 and Trustee 2005 2022 former Director of the United States Office of Personnel Management 109 References Edit a b About Heritage The Heritage Foundation Archived from the original on 2017 05 30 Retrieved May 30 2017 Heritage s staff pursues this mission a b Ryssdal Kai May 3 2017 From Reagan to Trump How the Heritage Foundation Has Influenced Policy Marketplace American Public Media Archived from the original on 2017 06 24 Retrieved May 31 2017 How did Heritage get to be Heritage capital H a b 2018 Annual Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on December 8 2020 Retrieved August 2 2019 Also see GuideStar Summary GuideStar Archived from the original on 2014 10 21 Retrieved June 10 2019 Weisberg Jacob 8 January 1998 Happy Birthday Heritage Foundation Slate Archived from the original on 23 March 2010 Guides Public Policy Research Think Tanks 2019 Top Think Tanks US guides library upenn edu Archived from the original on 2022 12 03 Retrieved 2022 12 03 a b c d e Right Moves Jason Stahl University of North Carolina Press University of North Carolina Press pp 55 70 73 78 80 89 Archived from the original on 2018 10 06 Retrieved 2018 10 06 Brewery magnate Joseph Coors dies at 85 USA Today The Associated Press March 17 2003 Archived from the original on 2013 01 05 Retrieved 2017 09 16 a b c Edwards Lee 1997 The Power of Ideas The Heritage Foundation at 25 Years Ottawa Illinois Jameson Books pp 1 20 ISBN 0 915463 77 6 Bill Moyers November 2 2011 How Wall Street Occupied America Archived 2013 12 20 at the Wayback Machine The Nation Retrieved January 20 2014 Kevin Doogan 2009 New Capitalism Polity ISBN 0745633250 p 34 Archived September 15 2015 at the Wayback Machine Monroney Susanna Laying the Right Foundations Rutherford December 1995 10 a b c Edwards Lee 1997 The Power of Ideas Ottawa Illinois Jameson Books pp 41 68 ISBN 0 915463 77 6 a b Reagan and Heritage A Unique Partnership The Heritage Foundation Archived from the original on February 6 2016 Retrieved January 29 2016 Holwill Richard 1981 The First Year Washington D C The Heritage Foundation p 1 Heritage Foundation receives largest donation to date Archived 2018 06 27 at the Wayback Machine by Rebecca Shabad The Hill September 17 2013 retrieved June 27 2018 Edwards Lee 1997 The Power of Ideas Ottawa Illinois Jameson Books pp 25 35 ISBN 0 915463 77 6 Joining the think ranks Time September 1 1986 Archived from the original on 2011 10 07 Retrieved 2011 09 22 Arin Kubilay Yado 2013 Think Tanks the Brain Trusts of US Foreign Policy Wiesbaden vs Springer Starr Frank January 20 1991 What Will the U S Fight For Baltimore Sun Archived from the original on 2018 03 19 Retrieved December 2 2016 a b Edwards Lee 1997 The Power of Ideas Ottawa Illinois Jameson Books pp 43 50 ISBN 0 915463 77 6 Washington and The Contract With America www theatlantic com Archived from the original on November 23 2020 Retrieved 2020 09 16 a b c Zalman Amy Clarke Jonathan 2009 The Global War on Terror A Narrative in Need of a Rewrite Ethics amp International Affairs 23 2 101 113 doi 10 1111 j 1747 7093 2009 00201 x ISSN 0892 6794 S2CID 145665077 Viewpoint Why Saddam must go 2003 01 09 Archived from the original on June 22 2019 Retrieved 2019 06 22 Thomas B Edsall April 17 2005 Think Tank s Ideas Shifted As Malaysia Ties Grew Business Interests Overlapped Policy Washington Post p A01 Archived from the original on 2017 10 25 Retrieved 2017 09 16 Heritage hails Malaysia s bold economic policies Asia Africa Intelligence Wire 2005 01 05 Archived from the original on 2012 01 17 Retrieved 2010 03 22 Heritage Foundation advocated for Iraq war Archived 2016 05 29 at the Wayback Machine Real Time with Bill Maher Individual health care insurance mandate has roots two decades long Fox News June 28 2012 Archived from the original on 2013 05 17 Retrieved 2013 05 08 Roy Avik 2011 10 20 How the Heritage Foundation a Conservative Think Tank Promoted the Individual Mandate Forbes Archived from the original on 2013 07 15 Retrieved 2013 09 26 Paul Kane December 6 2012 Jim DeMint to head conservative think tank Washington Post Archived from the original on 2015 08 04 Retrieved 2017 09 16 Karen Tumulty December 7 2012 A sharper edge Washington Post Archived from the original on 2017 12 01 Retrieved 2017 09 16 The real reason Jim DeMint got the boot Politico Archived from the original on 2018 05 08 Retrieved 2018 05 07 Amnesty study author Jason Richwine resigns from Heritage Foundation Washington Examiner May 10 2013 Archived from the original on 2013 09 21 Retrieved May 10 2013 Co Author of Controversial Heritage Foundation Report Resigns ABC News 2013 05 10 Archived from the original on August 1 2020 Retrieved 2013 12 09 Robert Rector and Rachel Sheffield July 19 2011 Air Conditioning Cable TV and an Xbox What is Poverty in the United States Today Archived September 1 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Heritage Foundation Retrieved September 16 2013 Jonathan Rothwell November 8 2011 Why Heritage Is Wrong About Poverty in America Archived 2015 10 18 at the Wayback Machine The New Republic Retrieved September 16 2013 Melissa Boteach and Donna Cooper August 5 2011 What You Need When You re Poor Heritage Foundation Hasn t a Clue Archived 2013 10 03 at the Wayback Machine Center For American Progress Retrieved September 16 2013 Courtland Milloy September 13 2011 Study dismisses poverty but try telling that to the poor Archived September 10 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post Retrieved September 16 2013 Katrina vanden Heuvel July 28 2011 Colbert Challenges the Poverty Deniers Archived April 17 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Nation Retrieved September 16 2013 Keller Bill May 12 2013 Dark Heritage The New York Times Archived from the original on 2014 12 16 Retrieved December 10 2014 Dalmia Shikha May 7 2013 Heritage s Updated Study on the Welfare Costs of Immigrants Garbage In Garbage Out Reason Magazine Hit amp Run Blog Archived from the original on 2014 12 06 Retrieved December 10 2014 Parker Ashley May 10 2013 Author of Study on Immigrants I Q Leaves Heritage Foundation The New York Times Archived from the original on 2015 01 10 Retrieved December 22 2014 Republican Lawmakers Retaliate Against Heritage Foundation Archived 2013 08 28 at the Wayback Machine Tim Alberts National Journal August 28 2013 Heritage Foundation hit by hackers TheHill 2015 09 02 Archived from the original on 2015 10 18 Retrieved 2015 10 18 a b c Tal Kopan December 6 2016 Meet Donald Trump s think tank CNN Archived from the original on 2017 01 30 Retrieved 2017 01 30 a b c d e f g h i Mahler Jonathan June 20 2018 How One Conservative Think Tank Is Stocking Trump s Government The New York Times Archived from the original on 2018 06 21 Retrieved 2018 06 21 Trump s shadow transition team Politico Archived from the original on 2017 02 03 Retrieved 2017 01 30 Kight Alayna Treene Stef W January 29 2021 Top Trump Homeland Security officials join Heritage Foundation Axios Archived from the original on January 29 2021 Retrieved 2021 01 29 Groppe Maureen Mike Pence to join Heritage Foundation to lead the conservative movement into the future USA Today Archived from the original on February 6 2021 Retrieved 2021 02 06 Fact check Pence echoes Trump s Big Lie in dishonest op ed on election rules CNN March 3 2021 Archived from the original on March 10 2021 Retrieved 2021 03 04 Washington District of Columbia 1800 I Street NW Dc 20006 PolitiFact Pence falsely says if HR 1 passes millions of people in US illegally will 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of the Heritage Foundation and millions of others around the country who believe in our principles and share our vision of America s future a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Board of Trustees Archived from the original on 2013 12 11 Retrieved 2013 12 09 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Heritage Foundation Official website The Heritage Foundation Internal Revenue Service filings ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer The Heritage Foundation at Ballotpedia Portals Conservatism United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Heritage Foundation amp oldid 1151827108, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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