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Helenium

January 01, 1970

Helenium is a genus of annuals and herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas.[3][4]

Sneezeweeds
Helenium autumnale
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Helenieae
Subtribe: Gaillardiinae
Genus: Helenium
L. 1753 not Mill. 1754[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Oxylepis Benth.
  • Hecubaea DC.
  • Mesodetra Raf.
  • Grahamia Spreng.
  • Brassavola Adans.
  • Picradenia Hook.
  • Cephalophora Cav.
  • Graemia Hook.
  • Heleniastrum Heist. ex Fabr.
  • Actinea Juss.
  • Actinella Pers.
  • Leptophora Raf.
  • Leptopoda Nutt.
  • Tetrodus Cass.

They bear yellow or orange daisy-like composite flowers. A number of these species (particularly Helenium autumnale) have the common name sneezeweed, based on the former use of their dried leaves in making snuff. It was inhaled to cause sneezing that would supposedly rid the body of evil spirits. Larger species may grow up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall.[5]

The genus is named for Helen of Troy, daughter of Zeus and Leda.[6][7]

Helenium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus behrensii.

Genus level properties: most conspicuously globe-like disk-shaped flowers, rays three-lobed at tip.

Species edit

[2][8][9]

Cultivation edit

 
Helenium hybrid "Moerheim Beauty" [1].

Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use - mainly from H. autumnale and H. bigelovii. They are useful for late summer and fall bloom, usually in less formal compositions. They are appropriate for native gardens in areas where they are indigenous, and they look wonderfully in bouquets. Annual species are easily grown from seed, and perennials should be divided every year in order to retain their vigor. The soil should be fertile with a generous amount of organic manner in the form of compost, manure or other decayed organic matter in addition to, perhaps, an application of a complete fertilizer in spring. Heleniums should be grown in full sun average to moist soil with good drainage. They are drought tolerant, but should be watered on planting and regularly until established.

Cultivars edit

The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[10]

The UK National Collection of heleniums is located at Yew Tree House, Hall Lane, Hankelow. near Audlem in Cheshire.[24][25]

References edit

  1. ^ Tropicos, search for Helenium
  2. ^ a b Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 886 in Latin
  4. ^ Tropicos, Helenium L
  5. ^ Hughes-Jones 2012, p. 38
  6. ^ Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 426 Sneezeweed Helenium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 886. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 377. 1754.
  7. ^ Homer. Circa 760–710 BCE. Iliad.
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  9. ^ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100
  10. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  11. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Baudirektor Linne'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  12. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Blütentisch'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  13. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Butterpat'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Helenium 'Dunkle Pracht'". RHS. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  15. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Feuersiegel'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  16. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Gartensonne'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  17. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Karneol'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  18. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Moerheim Beauty'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  19. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Ring of Fire'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  20. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Rubinzwerg'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  21. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Sahin's Early Flowerer'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  22. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Waltraut'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  23. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Helenium 'Wesergold'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  24. ^ Welcome to Chester & Cheshire, Helenium National Collection Weekend
  25. ^ Special Perennials, National Collections of Helenium and Centaurea, Hankelow, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Bibliography edit

  •   Media related to Helenium at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
helenium, genus, annuals, herbaceous, perennial, plants, family, asteraceae, native, americas, sneezeweeds, autumnale, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperms, clade, eudicots, clade, asterids, order, asterales, f. Helenium is a genus of annuals and herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae native to the Americas 3 4 Sneezeweeds Helenium autumnale Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Asterales Family Asteraceae Subfamily Asteroideae Tribe Helenieae Subtribe Gaillardiinae Genus HeleniumL 1753 not Mill 1754 1 Synonyms 2 Oxylepis Benth Hecubaea DC Mesodetra Raf Grahamia Spreng Brassavola Adans Picradenia Hook Cephalophora Cav Graemia Hook Heleniastrum Heist ex Fabr Actinea Juss Actinella Pers Leptophora Raf Leptopoda Nutt Tetrodus Cass They bear yellow or orange daisy like composite flowers A number of these species particularly Helenium autumnale have the common name sneezeweed based on the former use of their dried leaves in making snuff It was inhaled to cause sneezing that would supposedly rid the body of evil spirits Larger species may grow up to 2 metres 6 6 ft tall 5 The genus is named for Helen of Troy daughter of Zeus and Leda 6 7 Helenium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus behrensii Genus level properties most conspicuously globe like disk shaped flowers rays three lobed at tip Contents 1 Species 2 Cultivation 2 1 Cultivars 3 References 3 1 BibliographySpecies edit 2 8 9 Helenium amarum Raf H Rock eastern south central United States California Chihuahua Coahuila Cuba Dominican Republic Helenium apterum S F Blake Bierner Durango Helenium argentinum Ariza Argentina Helenium arizonicum S F Blake Arizona Helenium aromaticum Hook L H Bailey Chile Peru Helenium atacamense Cabrera Chile Peru Helenium autumnale L much of United States Canada Helenium bigelovii A Gray California Oregon Arizona Helenium bolanderi A Gray California Oregon Helenium brevifolium Nutt Alph Wood southeastern United States Helenium campestre Small Arkansas Louisiana Helenium chihuahuense Bierner Chihuahua Durango Helenium donianum Hook amp Arn Seckt Argentina Helenium drummondii H Rock Texas Louisiana Helenium elegans DC United States southern Great Plains northeastern Mexico Helenium fimbriatum Michx A Gray southeastern United States Helenium flexuosum Raf eastern central United States Canada Helenium glaucum Cav Stuntz Chile Helenium hoopesii Helenium insulare Phil Cabrera Chile Helenium integrifolium Guatemala Mexico Helenium laciniatum A Gray Sonora Sinaloa Helenium linifolium Rydb southern Texas Helenium longiaristatum Cuatrec Argentina Helenium mexicanum Kunth Mexico Central America Helenium microcephalum DC southwestern United States northeastern Mexico Helenium ovallense Bierner Chile Helenium pinnatifidum Schwein ex Nutt Rydb southeastern United States Helenium polyphyllum Small central Mississippi Valley Helenium puberulum DC Baja California California Oregon Helenium quadridentatum Labill southeastern United States Mexico Cuba Belize Helenium radiatum Less Seckt Uruguay Argentina Helenium scaposum Britton Cuba Helenium scorzonerifolium DC A Gray Mexico Guatemala Helenium thurberi A Gray Baja California Sur Sinaloa Nayarit Chihuahua Arizona Helenium tinctorium Molina J F Macbr Chile Helenium urmenetae Phil Cabrera Chile Helenium vallenariense Phil Bierner Chile Helenium vernale Walter southeastern United States Helenium virginicum S F Blake Virginia MissouriCultivation edit nbsp Helenium hybrid Moerheim Beauty 1 Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use mainly from H autumnale and H bigelovii They are useful for late summer and fall bloom usually in less formal compositions They are appropriate for native gardens in areas where they are indigenous and they look wonderfully in bouquets Annual species are easily grown from seed and perennials should be divided every year in order to retain their vigor The soil should be fertile with a generous amount of organic manner in the form of compost manure or other decayed organic matter in addition to perhaps an application of a complete fertilizer in spring Heleniums should be grown in full sun average to moist soil with good drainage They are drought tolerant but should be watered on planting and regularly until established Cultivars edit The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 10 Baudirektor Linne 11 Blutentisch 12 Butterpat 13 Dunkle Pracht 14 Feuersiegel 15 Gartensonne 16 Karneol 17 Moerheim Beauty 18 Ring of Fire 19 Rubinzwerg 20 Sahin s Early Flowerer 21 Waltraut 22 Wesergold 23 The UK National Collection of heleniums is located at Yew Tree House Hall Lane Hankelow near Audlem in Cheshire 24 25 References edit Tropicos search for Helenium a b Flann C ed 2009 Global Compositae Checklist Linnaeus Carl von 1753 Species Plantarum 2 886 in Latin Tropicos Helenium L Hughes Jones 2012 p 38 Flora of North America Vol 21 Page 426 Sneezeweed Helenium Linnaeus Sp Pl 2 886 1753 Gen Pl ed 5 377 1754 Homer Circa 760 710 BCE Iliad Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps Turner B L 2013 The comps of Mexico A systematic account of the family Asteraceae chapter 11 tribe Helenieae Phytologia Memoirs 16 1 100 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 43 Retrieved 3 March 2018 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Baudirektor Linne Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Blutentisch Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Butterpat Retrieved 30 July 2020 Helenium Dunkle Pracht RHS Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Feuersiegel Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Gartensonne Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Karneol Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Moerheim Beauty Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Ring of Fire Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Rubinzwerg Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Sahin s Early Flowerer Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Waltraut Retrieved 30 July 2020 RHS Plant Selector Helenium Wesergold Retrieved 30 July 2020 Welcome to Chester amp Cheshire Helenium National Collection Weekend Special Perennials National Collections of Helenium and Centaurea Hankelow Cheshire United Kingdom Bibliography edit Everitt J H Lonard R L Little C R 2007 Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico Lubbock Texas Tech University Press ISBN 0 89672 614 2 Hughes Jones Martin 2012 Soaking up the sun The Garden 137 8 Peterborough Royal Horticultural Society 36 40 nbsp Media related to Helenium at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Helenium amp oldid 1211012028, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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