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Harmonia

April 06, 2023

For the nymph with the same name, see Harmonia (nymph).
For other uses, see Harmonia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Haoreima.

In Greek mythology, Harmonia (/hɑːrˈmoʊniə/; Ancient Greek: Ἁρμονία /harmoˈnia/, "harmony", "agreement") is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord. Her Roman counterpart is Concordia. Her Greek opposite is Eris, whose Roman counterpart is Discordia.

Statue of Harmonia in the Harmony Society gardens in Old Economy Village, Pennsylvania.

Family

 
Harmonia and the serpent

According to one account, she is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite.[1] By another account, Harmonia was from Samothrace and was the daughter of Zeus and Electra, her brother Iasion being the founder of the mystic rites celebrated on the island.

Almost always, Harmonia is the wife of Cadmus. With Cadmus, she was the mother of Ino, Polydorus, Autonoë, Agave, and Semele. Their youngest son[2] was Illyrius.[3]

Mythology

 
Polynices giving Eriphyle the necklace of Harmonia. Attic red-figure oinochoe, ca. 450–440 BC. Found in Italy.

Those who described Harmonia as a Samothracian related that Cadmus, on his voyage to Samothrace, after being initiated in the mysteries, perceived Harmonia and carried her off with the assistance of Athena. When Cadmus was obliged to quit Thebes, Harmonia accompanied him. When they came to the Enchelii, they assisted them in their war against the Illyrians, and conquered the enemy. Cadmus then became king of the Illyrians, but afterwards he was turned into a serpent. Harmonia, in her grief stripped herself, then begged Cadmus to come to her. As she was embraced by the serpent Cadmus in a pool of wine, the gods then turned her into a serpent, unable to stand watching her in her dazed state.[4]

The cursed necklace

Harmonia is renowned in ancient story chiefly on account of the fatal necklace she received on her wedding day. When the government of Thebes was bestowed upon Cadmus by Athena, Zeus gave him Harmonia. All the gods honored the wedding with their presence. Cadmus presented the bride with a robe and necklace, which he had received either from Hephaestus or from Europa.[5] This necklace, commonly referred to as the necklace of Harmonia, brought misfortune to all who possessed it. Other traditions stated that Harmonia received this necklace (ὅρμος) from some of the gods, either from Aphrodite or Athena.[6]

Polynices, who inherited the necklace, gave it to Eriphyle, that she might persuade her husband, Amphiaraus, to undertake the expedition against Thebes.[7] Through Alcmaeon, the son of Eriphyle, the necklace came into the hands of Arsinoe (named Alphesiboea in some versions), next into those of the sons of Phegeus, Pronous and Agenor, and lastly into those of the sons of Alcmaeon, Amphoterus and Acarnan, who dedicated it in the temple of Athena Pronoea at Delphi.[8] The necklace had wrought mischief to all who had been in possession of it, and it continued to do so even after it was dedicated at Delphi. Phayllus, the tyrant, stole it from the temple to gratify his mistress, the wife of Ariston. She wore it for a time, but at last her youngest son was seized with madness, and set fire to the house, in which she perished with all her treasures.[9]

Hyginus gives another version. According to him, the thing which brought ill fate to the descendants of Harmonia is not a necklace, but a robe "dipped in crime", given to Harmonia by Hephestus and Hera.[10] The necklace gave peace and held Harmonia's powers in it, which is what made it cursed.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Scholia on Homer, Iliad B, 494, p. 80, 43 ed. Bekk. as cited in Hellanicus' Boeotica
  2. ^ The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop, ISBN 0-631-20102-5, 1996, page 230: "Illyrius (Ιλλυριός) The youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia. He was born during their expedition against the Illyrians"
  3. ^ The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop, ISBN 0-631-20102-5, 1996, page 83: "... Cadmus then ruled over the Illyrians and he had another son, named Illyrius. But later Cadmus and Harmonia were turned into serpents and ..."
  4. ^ Apollodorus, 3.5.4; Euripides, Bacchae 1233; Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.562 &c. (cited by Schmitz)
  5. ^ Apollodorus, 3.4.2 (cited by Schmitz)
  6. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica 4.48 & 5.49; Pindar, Pythian Odes 3.167; Statius, Thebaid 2.266; compareHesiod, Theogony 934; Homeric Hymn to Apollo 195 (cited by Schmitz)
  7. ^ Apollodorus, 3.6.2; Scholia ad Pindar, Pythian Odes 3.167 (cited by Schmitz)
  8. ^ Apollodorus, 3.7.5–7 (cited by Schmitz)
  9. ^ Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 6, p. 232; Parthenius, Erotica Pathemata 25 (cited by Schmitz)
  10. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 148

References

  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Athenaeus of Naucratis, The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned. London. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden. 1854. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Athenaeus of Naucratis, Deipnosophistae. Kaibel. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Lipsiae. 1887. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Harmonia" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
  • Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Euripides, The Tragedies of Euripides translated by T. A. Buckley. Bacchae. London. Henry G. Bohn. 1850. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Euripides, Euripidis Fabulae. vol. 3. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Parthenius, Love Romances translated by Sir Stephen Gaselee (1882-1943), S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 69. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1916. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Parthenius, Erotici Scriptores Graeci, Vol. 1. Rudolf Hercher. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1858. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Pindar, Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Pindar, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid. Vol I-II. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Leonhard Schmitz (1870). "Harmonia". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 2. p. 350.

External links

  •   Media related to Harmonia (mythology) at Wikimedia Commons

April 06, 2023
harmonia, nymph, with, same, name, nymph, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, haoreima, greek, mythology, ɑːr, ancient, greek, Ἁρμονία, harmoˈnia, harmony, agreement, immortal, goddess, harmony, concord, roman, counterpart, concordia, greek, opposite,. For the nymph with the same name see Harmonia nymph For other uses see Harmonia disambiguation Not to be confused with Haoreima In Greek mythology Harmonia h ɑːr ˈ m oʊ n i e Ancient Greek Ἁrmonia harmoˈnia harmony agreement is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord Her Roman counterpart is Concordia Her Greek opposite is Eris whose Roman counterpart is Discordia Statue of Harmonia in the Harmony Society gardens in Old Economy Village Pennsylvania Contents 1 Family 2 Mythology 2 1 The cursed necklace 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksFamily Edit Harmonia and the serpent According to one account she is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite 1 By another account Harmonia was from Samothrace and was the daughter of Zeus and Electra her brother Iasion being the founder of the mystic rites celebrated on the island Almost always Harmonia is the wife of Cadmus With Cadmus she was the mother of Ino Polydorus Autonoe Agave and Semele Their youngest son 2 was Illyrius 3 Mythology Edit Polynices giving Eriphyle the necklace of Harmonia Attic red figure oinochoe ca 450 440 BC Found in Italy Those who described Harmonia as a Samothracian related that Cadmus on his voyage to Samothrace after being initiated in the mysteries perceived Harmonia and carried her off with the assistance of Athena When Cadmus was obliged to quit Thebes Harmonia accompanied him When they came to the Enchelii they assisted them in their war against the Illyrians and conquered the enemy Cadmus then became king of the Illyrians but afterwards he was turned into a serpent Harmonia in her grief stripped herself then begged Cadmus to come to her As she was embraced by the serpent Cadmus in a pool of wine the gods then turned her into a serpent unable to stand watching her in her dazed state 4 The cursed necklace Edit Harmonia is renowned in ancient story chiefly on account of the fatal necklace she received on her wedding day When the government of Thebes was bestowed upon Cadmus by Athena Zeus gave him Harmonia All the gods honored the wedding with their presence Cadmus presented the bride with a robe and necklace which he had received either from Hephaestus or from Europa 5 This necklace commonly referred to as the necklace of Harmonia brought misfortune to all who possessed it Other traditions stated that Harmonia received this necklace ὅrmos from some of the gods either from Aphrodite or Athena 6 Polynices who inherited the necklace gave it to Eriphyle that she might persuade her husband Amphiaraus to undertake the expedition against Thebes 7 Through Alcmaeon the son of Eriphyle the necklace came into the hands of Arsinoe named Alphesiboea in some versions next into those of the sons of Phegeus Pronous and Agenor and lastly into those of the sons of Alcmaeon Amphoterus and Acarnan who dedicated it in the temple of Athena Pronoea at Delphi 8 The necklace had wrought mischief to all who had been in possession of it and it continued to do so even after it was dedicated at Delphi Phayllus the tyrant stole it from the temple to gratify his mistress the wife of Ariston She wore it for a time but at last her youngest son was seized with madness and set fire to the house in which she perished with all her treasures 9 Hyginus gives another version According to him the thing which brought ill fate to the descendants of Harmonia is not a necklace but a robe dipped in crime given to Harmonia by Hephestus and Hera 10 The necklace gave peace and held Harmonia s powers in it which is what made it cursed See also EditAneris Cadmus et Hermione Eris Homonoia goddess of concord unanimity and oneness of mindNotes Edit Scholia on Homer Iliad B 494 p 80 43 ed Bekk as cited in Hellanicus Boeotica The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A R Maxwell Hyslop ISBN 0 631 20102 5 1996 page 230 Illyrius Illyrios The youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia He was born during their expedition against the Illyrians The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A R Maxwell Hyslop ISBN 0 631 20102 5 1996 page 83 Cadmus then ruled over the Illyrians and he had another son named Illyrius But later Cadmus and Harmonia were turned into serpents and Apollodorus 3 5 4 Euripides Bacchae 1233 Ovid Metamorphoses 4 562 amp c cited by Schmitz Apollodorus 3 4 2 cited by Schmitz Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca historica 4 48 amp 5 49 Pindar Pythian Odes 3 167 Statius Thebaid 2 266 compareHesiod Theogony 934 Homeric Hymn to Apollo 195 cited by Schmitz Apollodorus 3 6 2 Scholia ad Pindar Pythian Odes 3 167 cited by Schmitz Apollodorus 3 7 5 7 cited by Schmitz Athenaeus Deipnosophistae 6 p 232 Parthenius Erotica Pathemata 25 cited by Schmitz Hyginus Fabulae 148References EditApollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 ISBN 0 674 99135 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Apollonius Rhodius Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton 1853 1915 R C Loeb Classical Library Volume 001 London William Heinemann Ltd 1912 Online version at the Topos Text Project Apollonius Rhodius Argonautica George W Mooney London Longmans Green 1912 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Athenaeus of Naucratis The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned London Henry G Bohn York Street Covent Garden 1854 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Athenaeus of Naucratis Deipnosophistae Kaibel In Aedibus B G Teubneri Lipsiae 1887 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Harmonia Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Diodorus Siculus The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather Twelve volumes Loeb Classical Library Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1989 Vol 3 Books 4 59 8 Online version at Bill Thayer s Web Site Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica Vol 1 2 Immanel Bekker Ludwig Dindorf Friedrich Vogel in aedibus B G Teubneri Leipzig 1888 1890 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Euripides The Tragedies of Euripides translated by T A Buckley Bacchae London Henry G Bohn 1850 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Euripides Euripidis Fabulae vol 3 Gilbert Murray Oxford Clarendon Press Oxford 1913 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Gaius Julius Hyginus Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies Online version at the Topos Text Project Hesiod Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Homeric Hymns Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Parthenius Love Romances translated by Sir Stephen Gaselee 1882 1943 S Loeb Classical Library Volume 69 Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1916 Online version at the Topos Text Project Parthenius Erotici Scriptores Graeci Vol 1 Rudolf Hercher in aedibus B G Teubneri Leipzig 1858 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Pindar Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien 1990 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Pindar The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys Litt D FBA Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1937 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More 1859 1942 Boston Cornhill Publishing Co 1922 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Ovidius Naso Metamorphoses Hugo Magnus Gotha Germany Friedr Andr Perthes 1892 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library Publius Papinius Statius The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley Loeb Classical Library Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1928 Online version at the Topos Text Project Publius Papinius Statius The Thebaid Vol I II John Henry Mozley London William Heinemann New York G P Putnam s Sons 1928 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Leonhard Schmitz 1870 Harmonia In Smith William ed Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol 2 p 350 External links Edit Media related to Harmonia mythology at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harmonia amp oldid 1129787018, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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