In ancient Roman religion, Concordia (means "concord" or "harmony" in Latin) is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society. Her Greek equivalent is usually regarded as Harmonia, with musical harmony a metaphor for an ideal of social concord or entente in the political discourse of the Republican era. She was thus often associated with Pax ("Peace") in representing a stable society.[1] As such, she is more closely related to the Greek concept of homonoia (likemindedness), which was also represented by a goddess.[2]
Concordia Augusta was cultivated in the context of Imperial cult. Dedicatory inscriptions to her, on behalf of emperors and members of the imperial family, were common.[3]
In Roman art, Concordia was depicted sitting, wearing a long cloak and holding onto a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace). She was often shown in between two other figures, such as standing between two members of the Imperial family shaking hands. She was associated with a pair of female deities, such as Pax and Salus, or Securitas and Fortuna. She was also paired with Hercules and Mercury, representing "Security and Luck" respectively.[4]
Italy, 1000 lire "Roma capitale", 1970. Obverse (Laura Cretara): image of the Goddess Concordia inside a beaded circle, which was taken from a Roman denar of the Gens Aemilia. Reverse (Guerrino Mattia Monassi): reproduction of the pavement of Piazza del Campidoglio, by Michelangelo at the top and the value with mintmark at right below. Composition: silver (.835). Weight: 14.6 g. Diameter:31.4 mm. Thickness: 2.4 mm.
The oldest Temple of Concord, built in 367 BC by Marcus Furius Camillus,[5] stood on the Roman Forum. Other temples and shrines in Rome dedicated to Concordia were largely geographically related to the main temple, and included (in date order):
a bronze shrine (aedicula) of Concord erected by the aedileGnaeus Flavius in 304 BC "in Graecostasis" and "in area Volcani" (placing it on the Graecostasis, close to the main temple of Concord). He vowed it in the hope of reconciling the nobility who had been outraged by his publication of the calendar, but the senate would vote no money for its construction and this thus had to be financed out of the fines of condemned usurers.[6] It must have been destroyed when the main temple was enlarged by Opimius in 121 BC.
one built on the arx (probably on the east side, overlooked the main temple of Concord below). It was probably vowed by the praetorLucius Manlius in 218 BC after quelling a mutiny among his troops in Cisalpine Gaul,[7] with building work commencing in 217 and dedication occurring on 5 February 216.[8]
a temple to Concordia Nova, marking the end Julius Caesar had brought to civil war. It was voted by the senate in 44 BC.[9] but was possibly never built.
a shrine or temple dedicated by Livia according to Ovid's Fasti VI.637‑638 ("te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicat aede Livia quam caro praestitit ipsa viro" - the only literary reference to this temple). Ovid's description of the Porticus Liviae in the same poem suggests that the shrine was close to or within the porticus. It is possibly to be identified with the small rectangular structure marked on the Marble Plan (frg. 10), but scholarly opinion has been divided on this.[10]
In Pompeii, the high priestess Eumachia dedicated a building to Concordia Augusta.[11]
Modern religionEdit
Harmonians and some Discordians equate Concordia with Aneris.[12] Her opposite is thus Discordia, or the Greek Eris.
^Carlos F. Noreña, Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power (Cambridge University Press, 2011), p. 132.
^Anna Clark, Divine Qualities: Cult and Community in Republican Rome (Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 31.
^H.L. Wilson (1912). "A New Collegium at Rome". American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. 16 (1): 94–96. doi:10.2307/497104. JSTOR 497104. S2CID 191390675.
^Claridge, Amanda. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. (The section about the Temple of Concordia Augusta)
^Flory, Marleen Boudreau (1984). "Sic Exempla Parantur: Livia's Shrine to Concordia and the Porticus Liviae". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 33 (3): 310. JSTOR 4435892.
^Dunn,Jackie and Bob Dunn. Pompeii In Pictures. Inscription from the Eumachia Building
concordia, mythology, ancient, roman, religion, concordia, means, concord, harmony, latin, goddess, embodies, agreement, marriage, society, greek, equivalent, usually, regarded, harmonia, with, musical, harmony, metaphor, ideal, social, concord, entente, polit. In ancient Roman religion Concordia means concord or harmony in Latin is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society Her Greek equivalent is usually regarded as Harmonia with musical harmony a metaphor for an ideal of social concord or entente in the political discourse of the Republican era She was thus often associated with Pax Peace in representing a stable society 1 As such she is more closely related to the Greek concept of homonoia likemindedness which was also represented by a goddess 2 Concordia standing with a patera and two cornucopiae on the reverse of this coin of Aquilia Severa Concordia Augusta was cultivated in the context of Imperial cult Dedicatory inscriptions to her on behalf of emperors and members of the imperial family were common 3 Contents 1 In art and numismatics 2 Temples 3 Modern religion 4 Namesakes 5 References 6 External linksIn art and numismatics EditIn Roman art Concordia was depicted sitting wearing a long cloak and holding onto a patera sacrificial bowl a cornucopia symbol of prosperity or a caduceus symbol of peace She was often shown in between two other figures such as standing between two members of the Imperial family shaking hands She was associated with a pair of female deities such as Pax and Salus or Securitas and Fortuna She was also paired with Hercules and Mercury representing Security and Luck respectively 4 Italy 1000 lire Roma capitale 1970 Obverse Laura Cretara image of the Goddess Concordia inside a beaded circle which was taken from a Roman denar of the Gens Aemilia Reverse Guerrino Mattia Monassi reproduction of the pavement of Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo at the top and the value with mintmark at right below Composition silver 835 Weight 14 6 g Diameter 31 4 mm Thickness 2 4 mm Several imperial coins depicted the goddess Concordia such as those issued by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus citation needed The representation of Concordia on a Roman coin of the gens Aemilia denarius of Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus inspired Laura Cretara for the obverse of Italy s commemorative 1000 lire of 1970 Roma Capitale Temples EditThe oldest Temple of Concord built in 367 BC by Marcus Furius Camillus 5 stood on the Roman Forum Other temples and shrines in Rome dedicated to Concordia were largely geographically related to the main temple and included in date order a bronze shrine aedicula of Concord erected by the aedile Gnaeus Flavius in 304 BC in Graecostasis and in area Volcani placing it on the Graecostasis close to the main temple of Concord He vowed it in the hope of reconciling the nobility who had been outraged by his publication of the calendar but the senate would vote no money for its construction and this thus had to be financed out of the fines of condemned usurers 6 It must have been destroyed when the main temple was enlarged by Opimius in 121 BC one built on the arx probably on the east side overlooked the main temple of Concord below It was probably vowed by the praetor Lucius Manlius in 218 BC after quelling a mutiny among his troops in Cisalpine Gaul 7 with building work commencing in 217 and dedication occurring on 5 February 216 8 a temple to Concordia Nova marking the end Julius Caesar had brought to civil war It was voted by the senate in 44 BC 9 but was possibly never built a shrine or temple dedicated by Livia according to Ovid s Fasti VI 637 638 te quoque magnifica Concordia dedicat aede Livia quam caro praestitit ipsa viro the only literary reference to this temple Ovid s description of the Porticus Liviae in the same poem suggests that the shrine was close to or within the porticus It is possibly to be identified with the small rectangular structure marked on the Marble Plan frg 10 but scholarly opinion has been divided on this 10 In Pompeii the high priestess Eumachia dedicated a building to Concordia Augusta 11 Modern religion EditHarmonians and some Discordians equate Concordia with Aneris 12 Her opposite is thus Discordia or the Greek Eris Namesakes EditThe asteroid 58 Concordia is named after her References Edit Carlos F Norena Imperial Ideals in the Roman West Representation Circulation Power Cambridge University Press 2011 p 132 Anna Clark Divine Qualities Cult and Community in Republican Rome Oxford University Press 2007 p 31 H L Wilson 1912 A New Collegium at Rome American Journal of Archaeology Archaeological Institute of America 16 1 94 96 doi 10 2307 497104 JSTOR 497104 S2CID 191390675 Claridge Amanda Rome An Oxford Archaeological Guide New York Oxford University Press 1998 The section about the Temple of Concordia Augusta Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Concordia goddess Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 6 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 834 Liv IX 46 Plin NH XXXIII 19 Jord I 2 339 Liv XXII 33 7 cf XXVI 23 4 Liv XXIII 21 7 Hemerol Praen ad Non Feb Concordiae in Arce 1 CIL I2 p233 309 p138Fast Ant ap NS 1921 86 Concordiae in Capitolio Hermes 1875 288 Jord I 2 112 Cass Dio XLIV 4 Flory Marleen Boudreau 1984 Sic Exempla Parantur Livia s Shrine to Concordia and the Porticus Liviae Historia Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte 33 3 310 JSTOR 4435892 Dunn Jackie and Bob Dunn Pompeii In Pictures Inscription from the Eumachia Building Mythics of Harmonia Retrieved 2007 12 20 External links Edit Media related to Concordia at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Concordia mythology amp oldid 1161141890, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
