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Haplogroup E-M132

February 05, 2023

Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades.

Haplogroup E-M132
Possible time of origin49,900 years BP[1]
Coalescence age19,800 years BP[1]
AncestorE-P147
DescendantsE-M44, E-Z958
Defining mutationsM132, L633, M33
Highest frequenciesFulbe (Cameroon) 53%,[2] Dogon (Mali) 45%,[3] Felupe-Djola (Guinea-Bissau) 34%,[4] Papel-Manjaco-Mancanha (Guinea-Bissau) 20%,[4] Tali (Cameroon) 20%,[2] Hausa (Sudan) 16%,[5] Nalú (Guinea-Bissau) 12%,[4] Wolof (Senegambia) 12%,[3] Balanta (Guinea-Bissau) 12%,[4] Fulani (Sudan) 12%,[5] Fulbe (Burkina Faso) 10%[2]

Ancient DNA

E-M132/E1a has been found in the remains of one Guanche (1/30) from the Canary Islands, and one Bimbape (1/16) from El Hierro that has been dated to the 10th century CE.[6]

Distribution

 
E-M132 Frequencies in select populations

E-M132 is found most often in West Africa, and today it is especially common in the region of Mali. One study has found haplogroup E-M132 Y-chromosomes in as much as 34% (15/44) of a sample of Malian men, including 2/44 E-M44 and 13/44 E-M33/M132(xE-M44).[7] In particular, the Dogon people of Mali have been found to carry haplogroup E-M132 with a frequency as high as 45.5% (25/55). This makes it perhaps the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in this population, though haplogroup E-P1 appears to be almost equally frequent among the Dogon (24/55 = 43.6%).[3] Another study has found haplogroup E-M132 in 15.6% (44/282) of a pool of seven samples of various ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau.[4] Haplogroup E-M132 also has been found in samples obtained from Moroccan Berbers, Sahrawis, Burkina Faso (including E-M33/M132(xE-M44) in 2/20 = 10% Fulbe and 2/37 = 5.4% Rimaibe[2]), northern Cameroon (including E-M44 in 9/17 = 53% Fulbe and E-M33/M132(xE-M44) in 3/15 = 20% Tali[2]), Senegal (7/139 = 5.0%[8]), Ghana (1/29 = 3% Ga, 1/32 = 3% Fante[3]), Sudan (including 5/32 = 15.6% Hausa and 3/26 = 11.5% Fulani[5]), Egypt (1%[3]-1.4%[9]) Calabria (including both Italian and Albanian inhabitants of the region), 1 Italian (from 67 tested) from Trentino in northeastern Italy,[10] and Romanians from Constanţa.[11]

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
E-P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E* E E E E E E E E E E
E-M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1* E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1a
E-M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1
E-M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2
E-M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 - - - - - - -
E-P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3* E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1
E-M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a* E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1
E-M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1a
E-M116.2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removed
E-M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1c
E-M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1c
E-M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1d
E-M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1e
E-M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b* E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removed
E-M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1* E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1
E-M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1
E-M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2* E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a
E-M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1
E-M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2a
E-M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3* E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2a
E-M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a* E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1
E-M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[12] and subsequent published research.

  • E-P147 (P147)
    • E-M132 (M132, L633, M33)
      • E-M44 (M44)
      • E-L96 (L94)
      • E-L133 (L133)

See also

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E-M132.

Genetics

Y-DNA E subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

  1. ^ a b "E-M132 YTree".
  2. ^ a b c d e Cruciani Fulvio, Santolamazza Piero, Shen Peidong; et al. (2002). "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (5): 1197–1214. doi:10.1086/340257. PMC 447595. PMID 11910562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b c d e Wood, Elizabeth T.; et al. (2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 867–876. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. S2CID 20279122. Retrieved 5 June 2017. ; cf. Appendix A for population frequencies
  4. ^ a b c d e Rosa Alexandra, Ornelas Carolina, Jobling Mark A; et al. (2007). "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2007 (7): 124. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-124. PMC 1976131. PMID 17662131.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c Hassan, Hisham Y.; et al. (2008). "Y‐chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (3): 316–323. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  6. ^ Ordonez, Alejandra C.; et al. (2017). "Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in Punta Azul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands)". Journal of Archaeological Science. 78: 24. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2016.11.004. ISSN 0305-4403. OCLC 6937282838. S2CID 132236368.
  7. ^ Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin et al., "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," Nature Genetics, Volume 26, November 2000
  8. ^ Semino Ornella, Santachiara-Benerecetti A. Silvana, Falaschi Francesco; et al. (2002). "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (1): 265–268. doi:10.1086/338306. PMC 384897. PMID 11719903.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Luis, Javier R.; et al. (2004). "The Levant Versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (3): 532–544. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781.
  10. ^ Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery et al., "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe," European Journal of Human Genetics (2008), 1 – 11
  11. ^ Bosch E., Calafell F., González-Neira A.; et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns". Annals of Human Genetics. 70 (4): 459–487. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x. PMID 16759179. S2CID 23156886.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Karafet et al. 2008

Sources for conversion tables

  • Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205.
  • Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001). "Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (7): 1189–1203. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906. PMID 11420360.
  • Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes", Trends in Genetics, 16 (8): 356–62, doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6, PMID 10904265
  • Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597. PMID 11313742. S2CID 21432405.
  • Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (3): 615–628. doi:10.1086/323299.
  • Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science, 290 (5494): 1155–9, Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453
  • Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (6): 1718–1724. doi:10.1086/302680.
  • Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–361. doi:10.1038/81685. S2CID 12893406.

External links

  • Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008
  • E1b1.org – International Y-DNA project of Haplogroup E1b1 and its Subclades

February 05, 2023
haplogroup, m132, formerly, known, human, chromosome, haplogroup, along, with, p177, main, branches, older, p147, paternal, clade, m132, divided, into, primary, branches, z958, with, many, descendant, subclades, possible, time, origin49, years, coalescence, ag. Haplogroup E M132 formerly known as E M33 E1a is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Along with E P177 it is one of the two main branches of the older E P147 paternal clade E M132 is divided into two primary sub branches E M44 and E Z958 with many descendant subclades Haplogroup E M132Possible time of origin49 900 years BP 1 Coalescence age19 800 years BP 1 AncestorE P147DescendantsE M44 E Z958Defining mutationsM132 L633 M33Highest frequenciesFulbe Cameroon 53 2 Dogon Mali 45 3 Felupe Djola Guinea Bissau 34 4 Papel Manjaco Mancanha Guinea Bissau 20 4 Tali Cameroon 20 2 Hausa Sudan 16 5 Nalu Guinea Bissau 12 4 Wolof Senegambia 12 3 Balanta Guinea Bissau 12 4 Fulani Sudan 12 5 Fulbe Burkina Faso 10 2 Contents 1 Ancient DNA 2 Distribution 3 Phylogenetics 3 1 Phylogenetic history 3 1 1 Research publications 3 2 Phylogenetic trees 4 See also 4 1 Genetics 4 2 Y DNA E subclades 4 3 Y DNA backbone tree 5 References 5 1 Sources for conversion tables 6 External linksAncient DNA EditE M132 E1a has been found in the remains of one Guanche 1 30 from the Canary Islands and one Bimbape 1 16 from El Hierro that has been dated to the 10th century CE 6 Distribution Edit E M132 Frequencies in select populations E M132 is found most often in West Africa and today it is especially common in the region of Mali One study has found haplogroup E M132 Y chromosomes in as much as 34 15 44 of a sample of Malian men including 2 44 E M44 and 13 44 E M33 M132 xE M44 7 In particular the Dogon people of Mali have been found to carry haplogroup E M132 with a frequency as high as 45 5 25 55 This makes it perhaps the most common Y DNA haplogroup in this population though haplogroup E P1 appears to be almost equally frequent among the Dogon 24 55 43 6 3 Another study has found haplogroup E M132 in 15 6 44 282 of a pool of seven samples of various ethnic groups in Guinea Bissau 4 Haplogroup E M132 also has been found in samples obtained from Moroccan Berbers Sahrawis Burkina Faso including E M33 M132 xE M44 in 2 20 10 Fulbe and 2 37 5 4 Rimaibe 2 northern Cameroon including E M44 in 9 17 53 Fulbe and E M33 M132 xE M44 in 3 15 20 Tali 2 Senegal 7 139 5 0 8 Ghana 1 29 3 Ga 1 32 3 Fante 3 Sudan including 5 32 15 6 Hausa and 3 26 11 5 Fulani 5 Egypt 1 3 1 4 9 Calabria including both Italian and Albanian inhabitants of the region 1 Italian from 67 tested from Trentino in northeastern Italy 10 and Romanians from Constanţa 11 Phylogenetics EditPhylogenetic history Edit Main article Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Prior to 2002 there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y Chromosome phylogenetic tree This led to considerable confusion In 2002 the major research groups came together and formed the Y Chromosome Consortium YCC They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use Later a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures YCC 2002 2008 Shorthand a b g d e z h YCC 2002 Longhand YCC 2005 Longhand YCC 2008 Longhand YCC 2010r Longhand ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012E P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E E E E E E E E E E EE M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1 E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1aE M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1E M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2E M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 E P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3 E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1E M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1E M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1aE M116 2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removedE M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1cE M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1cE M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1dE M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1eE M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removedE M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1E M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1E M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2 E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1aE M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1E M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2aE M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3 E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2aE M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1E M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1Research publications Edit The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree a Jobling and Tyler Smith 2000 and Kaladjieva 2001 b Underhill 2000 g Hammer 2001 d Karafet 2001 e Semino 2000 z Su 1999 h Capelli 2001 Phylogenetic trees Edit This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree 12 and subsequent published research E P147 P147 E M132 M132 L633 M33 E M44 M44 E L96 L94 E L133 L133 See also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E M132 Genetics Edit African admixture in Europe Genetic genealogy Haplogroup D Haplogroup DE Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y DNA haplogroups by ethnic group Y DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub Saharan Africa Y DNA E subclades Edit Haplogroup E L485 Haplogroup E M123 Haplogroup E M180 Haplogroup E M215 Haplogroup E M33 Haplogroup E M521 Haplogroup E M75 Haplogroup E M96 Haplogroup E P147 Haplogroup E P177 Haplogroup E P2 Haplogroup E V12 Haplogroup E V13 Haplogroup E V22 Haplogroup E V38 Haplogroup E M2 Haplogroup E V65 Haplogroup E V68 Haplogroup E Z820 Haplogroup E Z827 Y DNA backbone tree EditReferences Edit a b E M132 YTree a b c d e Cruciani Fulvio Santolamazza Piero Shen Peidong et al 2002 A Back Migration from Asia to Sub Saharan Africa Is Supported by High Resolution Analysis of Human Y Chromosome Haplotypes American Journal of Human Genetics 70 5 1197 1214 doi 10 1086 340257 PMC 447595 PMID 11910562 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b c d e Wood Elizabeth T et al 2005 Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa evidence for sex biased demographic processes PDF European Journal of Human Genetics 13 7 867 876 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5201408 PMID 15856073 S2CID 20279122 Retrieved 5 June 2017 cf Appendix A for population frequencies a b c d e Rosa Alexandra Ornelas Carolina Jobling Mark A et al 2007 Y chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea Bissau a multiethnic perspective BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7 124 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 7 124 PMC 1976131 PMID 17662131 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b c Hassan Hisham Y et al 2008 Y chromosome variation among Sudanese Restricted gene flow concordance with language geography and history American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137 3 316 323 doi 10 1002 ajpa 20876 PMID 18618658 Retrieved 11 October 2017 Ordonez Alejandra C et al 2017 Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in Punta Azul cave El Hierro Canary Islands Journal of Archaeological Science 78 24 doi 10 1016 j jas 2016 11 004 ISSN 0305 4403 OCLC 6937282838 S2CID 132236368 Peter A Underhill Peidong Shen Alice A Lin et al Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics Volume 26 November 2000 Semino Ornella Santachiara Benerecetti A Silvana Falaschi Francesco et al 2002 Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y Chromosome Phylogeny American Journal of Human Genetics 70 1 265 268 doi 10 1086 338306 PMC 384897 PMID 11719903 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Luis Javier R et al 2004 The Levant Versus the 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615 628 doi 10 1086 323299 Semino O Passarino G Oefner PJ Lin AA et al 2000 The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans A Y Chromosome Perspective Science 290 5494 1155 9 Bibcode 2000Sci 290 1155S doi 10 1126 science 290 5494 1155 PMID 11073453 Su Bing Xiao Junhua Underhill Peter Deka Ranjan et al December 1999 Y Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age The American Journal of Human Genetics 65 6 1718 1724 doi 10 1086 302680 Underhill Peter A Shen Peidong Lin Alice A Jin Li et al November 2000 Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics 26 3 358 361 doi 10 1038 81685 S2CID 12893406 External links EditY DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008 E1b1 org International Y DNA project of Haplogroup E1b1 and its Subclades Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup E M132 amp oldid 1137303817, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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