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Haplogroup E-V38

February 15, 2024

Haplogroup E-V38, also known as E1b1a-V38, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-V38 is primarily distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. E-V38 has two basal branches, E-M329 and E-M2.[2][a][b] E-M329 is a subclade mostly found in East Africa.[2] E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of African Great Lakes; it also occurs at moderate frequencies in some parts of North Africa, West Asia, and Southern Europe.

Haplogroup E-V38 (former E3a / E1b1a)
Possible time of origin41,400 years BP[1]
Coalescence age39,200 years BP[1]
Possible place of originEast Africa[2][3]
AncestorE-P2
DescendantsE-M2, E-M329
Defining mutationsL222.1, V38, V100

Origins edit

The discovery of two SNPs (V38 and V100) by Trombetta et al. (2011) significantly redefined the E-V38 phylogenetic tree. This led the authors to suggest that E-V38 may have originated in East Africa. V38 joins the West African-affiliated E-M2 and the Northeast African-affiliated E-M329 with an earlier common ancestor who, like E-P2, may have also originated in East Africa.[2] The downstream SNP E-M180 may have originated in the humid south-central Saharan savanna/grassland of North Africa between 14,000 BP and 10,000 BP.[4][5][6][7] According to Wood et al. (2005) and Rosa et al. (2007), such population movements changed the pre-existing population Y chromosomal diversity in Central, Southern, and Southeastern Africa, replacing the previous haplogroup frequencies (haplogroups A and B-M60) in these areas with the now dominant E1b1a1 lineages. Traces of earlier inhabitants, however, can be observed today in these regions via the presence of the Y DNA haplogroups A1a, A1b, A2, A3, and B-M60 that are common in certain populations, such as the Mbuti and Khoisan.[8][9][10] Shriner et al. (2018) similarly suggests that haplogroup E1b1a-V38 migrated across the Green Sahara from east to west around 19,000 years ago, where E1b1a1-M2 may have subsequently originated in West Africa or Central Africa. Shriner et al. (2018) also traces this migration via sickle cell mutation, which likely originated during the Green Sahara period.[3]

Ancient DNA edit

Gad et al. (2021) indicates that the ancient Egyptian mummies of Ramesses III and Unknown Man E, possibly Pentawere, carried haplogroup E1b1a.[11]

At Cabeço da Amoreira, in Portugal, an enslaved West African man, who may have been from the Senegambian coastal region of Gambia, Mauritania, or Senegal, and carried haplogroups E1b1a and L3b1a, was buried among shell middens between the 16th century CE and the 18th century CE.[12]

Distribution edit

E-V38's frequency and diversity are highest in West Africa. Within Africa, E-V38 displays a west-to-east as well as a south-to-north clinal distribution. In other words, the frequency of the haplogroup decreases as one moves from western and southern Africa toward the eastern and northern parts of Africa.[13]

Subclades edit

E-M2 edit

Main article: Haplogroup E-M2

E1b1a1 is defined by markers DYS271/M2/SY81, M291, P1/PN1, P189, P293, V43, and V95. E-M2 is a diverse haplogroup with many branches.

E-M329 edit

Main article: Haplogroup E-M329

E1b1a2 is defined by the SNP mutation M329.[c] E-M329 is mostly found in East Africa.[2] E-M329 is also frequent in Southwestern Ethiopia, especially among Omotic-speaking populations.[14][15]

Phylogenetics edit

Phylogenetic history edit

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
E-P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E* E E E E E E E E E E
E-M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1* E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1a
E-M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1
E-M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2
E-M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 - - - - - - -
E-P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3* E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1
E-M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a* E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1
E-M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1a
E-M116.2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removed
E-M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1c
E-M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1c
E-M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1d
E-M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1e
E-M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b* E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removed
E-M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1* E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1
E-M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1
E-M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2* E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a
E-M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1
E-M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2a
E-M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3* E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2a
E-M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a* E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1
E-M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1

Research publications edit

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees edit

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) 2008 Tree,[16] the ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup E Tree,[5] and subsequent published research.

  • E1b1a (L222.1, V38, V100)
    • E1b1a1 (DYS271/M2/SY81, M291, P1/PN1, P189, P293, V43, V95, Z1101, Z1107, Z1116, Z1120, Z1122, Z1123, Z1124, Z1125, Z1127, Z1130, Z1133)
    • E1b1a2 (M329)

See also edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E-V38.

Genetics edit

Y-DNA E subclades edit

Y-DNA backbone tree edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ E-M329 is formerly known as E1b1c and E1b1*
  2. ^ E-M2 is formerly known as E3a and E1b1a
  3. ^ E-M329 is formerly known as E1b1c.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "E-V38 YTree".
  2. ^ a b c d e Trombetta, Beniamino; Fulvio Cruciani; Daniele Sellitto; Rosaria Scozzari (6 January 2011). MacAulay, Vincent (ed.). "A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16073. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616073T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016073. PMC 3017091. PMID 21253605.
  3. ^ a b Shriner, Daniel; Rotimi, Charles (2018). "Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Haplotypes Reveal Single Origin of the Sickle Allele during the Holocene Wet Phase". American Journal of Human Genetics. Am J Hum Genet. 102 (4): 547–556. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.003. PMC 5985360. PMID 29526279.
  4. ^ "E-V43 YTree".
  5. ^ a b International Society of Genetic Genealogy (3 February 2010). "Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades – 2010". Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  6. ^ Adams, Jonathan. . Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  7. ^ Montano, Valeria; Gianmarco Ferri; Veronica Marcari; Chiara Batini; Okorie Anyaele; Giovanni Destro-Bisol; David Comas (1 July 2011). "The Bantu expansion revisited a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa". Molecular Ecology. 20 (13): 2693–2708. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05130.x. PMID 21627702. S2CID 9951365.
  8. ^ Rosa, Alexandra; Carolina Ornelas; Mark A Jobling; António Brehm; Richard Villems (27 July 2007). "Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 124. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-124. PMC 1976131. PMID 17662131.
  9. ^ Wood, Elizabeth T; Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret, Giovanni Destro-Bisol, Gabriella Spedini, Howard McLeod, Leslie Louie, Mike Bamshad, Beverly I Strassmann, Himla Soodyall and Michael F Hammer (27 Apr 2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 867–876. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Underhill, P.A; Passarino G, Lin AA, Shen P, Mirazón Lahr M, Foley RA, Oefner PJ, Cavalli-Sforza LL. (Jan 2001). "The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations". Annals of Human Genetics. 65 (1): 43–62. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510043.x. PMID 11415522. S2CID 9441236.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Gad, Yehia Z; et al. (2021). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics. 30 (R1): R24–R28. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa223. ISSN 0964-6906. OCLC 8681412353. PMID 33059357. S2CID 222824170.
  12. ^ Peyroteo-Stjerna, Rita; et al. (21 February 2022). "Multidisciplinary investigation reveals an individual of West African origin buried in a Portuguese Mesolithic shell midden four centuries ago". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 42: 103370. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103370. OCLC 1337974923. S2CID 247045502.
  13. ^ Luis, J.R.; D.J.Rowold (March 2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (3): 532–544. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781.
  14. ^ Plaster et al. Y-DNA E subclades
  15. ^ C.A., Plaster (2011-09-28). "Variation in Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA and labels of identity on Ethiopia". discovery.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
  16. ^ Karafet, Tatiana M.; Fernando L. Mendez; Monica B. Meilerman; Peter A. Underhill; Stephen L. Zegura; Michael F. Hammer (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–838. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.

Sources for conversion tables edit

  • Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205. PMC 1235276. PMID 11170891.
  • Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001). "Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (7): 1189–1203. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906. PMID 11420360.
  • Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes", Trends in Genetics, 16 (8): 356–62, doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6, PMID 10904265
  • Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597. PMID 11313742.
  • Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (3): 615–628. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  • Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science, 290 (5494): 1155–9, Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453
  • Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (6): 1718–1724. doi:10.1086/302680. PMC 1288383. PMID 10577926.
  • Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–361. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480. S2CID 12893406.

External links edit

February 15, 2024
haplogroup, also, known, e1b1a, human, chromosome, haplogroup, primarily, distributed, saharan, africa, basal, branches, m329, m329, subclade, mostly, found, east, africa, predominant, subclade, west, africa, central, africa, southern, africa, region, african,. Haplogroup E V38 also known as E1b1a V38 is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup E V38 is primarily distributed in sub Saharan Africa E V38 has two basal branches E M329 and E M2 2 a b E M329 is a subclade mostly found in East Africa 2 E M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa Central Africa Southern Africa and the region of African Great Lakes it also occurs at moderate frequencies in some parts of North Africa West Asia and Southern Europe Haplogroup E V38 former E3a E1b1a Possible time of origin41 400 years BP 1 Coalescence age39 200 years BP 1 Possible place of originEast Africa 2 3 AncestorE P2DescendantsE M2 E M329Defining mutationsL222 1 V38 V100 Contents 1 Origins 2 Ancient DNA 3 Distribution 4 Subclades 4 1 E M2 4 2 E M329 5 Phylogenetics 5 1 Phylogenetic history 5 1 1 Research publications 5 2 Phylogenetic trees 6 See also 6 1 Genetics 6 2 Y DNA E subclades 6 3 Y DNA backbone tree 7 Notes 8 References 8 1 Sources for conversion tables 9 External linksOrigins editThe discovery of two SNPs V38 and V100 by Trombetta et al 2011 significantly redefined the E V38 phylogenetic tree This led the authors to suggest that E V38 may have originated in East Africa V38 joins the West African affiliated E M2 and the Northeast African affiliated E M329 with an earlier common ancestor who like E P2 may have also originated in East Africa 2 The downstream SNP E M180 may have originated in the humid south central Saharan savanna grassland of North Africa between 14 000 BP and 10 000 BP 4 5 6 7 According to Wood et al 2005 and Rosa et al 2007 such population movements changed the pre existing population Y chromosomal diversity in Central Southern and Southeastern Africa replacing the previous haplogroup frequencies haplogroups A and B M60 in these areas with the now dominant E1b1a1 lineages Traces of earlier inhabitants however can be observed today in these regions via the presence of the Y DNA haplogroups A1a A1b A2 A3 and B M60 that are common in certain populations such as the Mbuti and Khoisan 8 9 10 Shriner et al 2018 similarly suggests that haplogroup E1b1a V38 migrated across the Green Sahara from east to west around 19 000 years ago where E1b1a1 M2 may have subsequently originated in West Africa or Central Africa Shriner et al 2018 also traces this migration via sickle cell mutation which likely originated during the Green Sahara period 3 Ancient DNA editGad et al 2021 indicates that the ancient Egyptian mummies of Ramesses III and Unknown Man E possibly Pentawere carried haplogroup E1b1a 11 At Cabeco da Amoreira in Portugal an enslaved West African man who may have been from the Senegambian coastal region of Gambia Mauritania or Senegal and carried haplogroups E1b1a and L3b1a was buried among shell middens between the 16th century CE and the 18th century CE 12 Distribution editE V38 s frequency and diversity are highest in West Africa Within Africa E V38 displays a west to east as well as a south to north clinal distribution In other words the frequency of the haplogroup decreases as one moves from western and southern Africa toward the eastern and northern parts of Africa 13 Subclades editE M2 edit Main article Haplogroup E M2 E1b1a1 is defined by markers DYS271 M2 SY81 M291 P1 PN1 P189 P293 V43 and V95 E M2 is a diverse haplogroup with many branches E M329 edit Main article Haplogroup E M329 E1b1a2 is defined by the SNP mutation M329 c E M329 is mostly found in East Africa 2 E M329 is also frequent in Southwestern Ethiopia especially among Omotic speaking populations 14 15 Phylogenetics editPhylogenetic history edit Main article Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Prior to 2002 there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y Chromosome Phylogenetic tree This led to considerable confusion In 2002 the major research groups came together and formed the Y Chromosome Consortium YCC They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use Later a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures YCC 2002 2008 Shorthand a b g d e z h YCC 2002 Longhand YCC 2005 Longhand YCC 2008 Longhand YCC 2010r Longhand ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012E P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E E E E E E E E E E EE M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1 E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1aE M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1E M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2E M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 E P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3 E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1E M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1E M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1aE M116 2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removedE M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1cE M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1cE M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1dE M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1eE M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removedE M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1E M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1E M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2 E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1aE M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1E M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2aE M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3 E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2aE M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1E M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1Research publications edit The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree a Jobling and Tyler Smith 2000 and Kaladjieva 2001 b Underhill 2000 g Hammer 2001 d Karafet 2001 e Semino 2000 z Su 1999 h Capelli 2001 Phylogenetic trees edit This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the Y Chromosome Consortium YCC 2008 Tree 16 the ISOGG Y DNA Haplogroup E Tree 5 and subsequent published research E1b1a L222 1 V38 V100 E1b1a1 DYS271 M2 SY81 M291 P1 PN1 P189 P293 V43 V95 Z1101 Z1107 Z1116 Z1120 Z1122 Z1123 Z1124 Z1125 Z1127 Z1130 Z1133 E1b1a2 M329 See also edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E V38 Genetics edit African admixture in Europe Genetic genealogy Haplogroup D Haplogroup DE Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y DNA haplogroups by ethnic group Y DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub Saharan Africa Y DNA E subclades edit Haplogroup E L485 Haplogroup E M123 Haplogroup E M180 Haplogroup E M215 Haplogroup E M33 Haplogroup E M521 Haplogroup E M75 Haplogroup E M96 Haplogroup E P147 Haplogroup E P177 Haplogroup E P2 Haplogroup E V12 Haplogroup E V13 Haplogroup E V22 Haplogroup E V38 Haplogroup E M2 Haplogroup E V65 Haplogroup E V68 Haplogroup E Z820 Haplogroup E Z827 Y DNA backbone tree editNotes edit E M329 is formerly known as E1b1c and E1b1 E M2 is formerly known as E3a and E1b1a E M329 is formerly known as E1b1c References edit a b E V38 YTree a b c d e Trombetta Beniamino Fulvio Cruciani Daniele Sellitto Rosaria Scozzari 6 January 2011 MacAulay Vincent ed A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 E P2 Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms PLOS ONE 6 1 e16073 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 616073T doi 10 1371 journal pone 0016073 PMC 3017091 PMID 21253605 a b Shriner Daniel Rotimi Charles 2018 Whole Genome Sequence Based Haplotypes Reveal Single Origin of the Sickle Allele during the Holocene Wet Phase American Journal of Human Genetics Am J Hum Genet 102 4 547 556 doi 10 1016 j ajhg 2018 02 003 PMC 5985360 PMID 29526279 E V43 YTree a b International Society of Genetic Genealogy 3 February 2010 Y DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades 2010 Retrieved 17 December 2010 Adams Jonathan Africa During the Last 150 000 Years Archived from the original on 1 May 2006 Retrieved 26 January 2011 Montano Valeria Gianmarco Ferri Veronica Marcari Chiara Batini Okorie Anyaele Giovanni Destro Bisol David Comas 1 July 2011 The Bantu expansion revisited a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa Molecular Ecology 20 13 2693 2708 doi 10 1111 j 1365 294X 2011 05130 x PMID 21627702 S2CID 9951365 Rosa Alexandra Carolina Ornelas Mark A Jobling Antonio Brehm Richard Villems 27 July 2007 Y chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea Bissau a multiethnic perspective BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 124 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 7 124 PMC 1976131 PMID 17662131 Wood Elizabeth T Daryn A Stover Christopher Ehret Giovanni Destro Bisol Gabriella Spedini Howard McLeod Leslie Louie Mike Bamshad Beverly I Strassmann Himla Soodyall and Michael F Hammer 27 Apr 2005 Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa evidence for sex biased demographic processes European Journal of Human Genetics 13 7 867 876 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5201408 PMID 15856073 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Underhill P A Passarino G Lin AA Shen P Mirazon Lahr M Foley RA Oefner PJ Cavalli Sforza LL Jan 2001 The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations Annals of Human Genetics 65 1 43 62 doi 10 1046 j 1469 1809 2001 6510043 x PMID 11415522 S2CID 9441236 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Gad Yehia Z et al 2021 Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies clues to disease and kinship Human Molecular Genetics 30 R1 R24 R28 doi 10 1093 hmg ddaa223 ISSN 0964 6906 OCLC 8681412353 PMID 33059357 S2CID 222824170 Peyroteo Stjerna Rita et al 21 February 2022 Multidisciplinary investigation reveals an individual of West African origin buried in a Portuguese Mesolithic shell midden four centuries ago Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 42 103370 doi 10 1016 j jasrep 2022 103370 OCLC 1337974923 S2CID 247045502 Luis J R D J Rowold March 2004 The Levant versus the Horn of Africa Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations The American Journal of Human Genetics 74 3 532 544 doi 10 1086 382286 PMC 1182266 PMID 14973781 Plaster et al Y DNA E subclades C A Plaster 2011 09 28 Variation in Y chromosome mitochondrial DNA and labels of identity on Ethiopia discovery ucl ac uk Retrieved 2018 06 27 Karafet Tatiana M Fernando L Mendez Monica B Meilerman Peter A Underhill Stephen L Zegura Michael F Hammer May 2008 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree Genome Research 18 5 830 838 doi 10 1101 gr 7172008 PMC 2336805 PMID 18385274 Sources for conversion tables edit Capelli Cristian Wilson James F Richards Martin Stumpf Michael P H et al February 2001 A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania The American Journal of Human Genetics 68 2 432 443 doi 10 1086 318205 PMC 1235276 PMID 11170891 Hammer Michael F Karafet Tatiana M Redd Alan J Jarjanazi Hamdi et al 1 July 2001 Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y Chromosome Diversity Molecular Biology and Evolution 18 7 1189 1203 doi 10 1093 oxfordjournals molbev a003906 PMID 11420360 Jobling Mark A Tyler Smith Chris 2000 New uses for new haplotypes Trends in Genetics 16 8 356 62 doi 10 1016 S0168 9525 00 02057 6 PMID 10904265 Kaladjieva Luba Calafell Francesc Jobling Mark A Angelicheva Dora et al February 2001 Patterns of inter and intra group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages European Journal of Human Genetics 9 2 97 104 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5200597 PMID 11313742 Karafet Tatiana Xu Liping Du Ruofu Wang William et al September 2001 Paternal Population History of East Asia Sources Patterns and Microevolutionary Processes The American Journal of Human Genetics 69 3 615 628 doi 10 1086 323299 PMC 1235490 PMID 11481588 Semino O Passarino G Oefner PJ Lin AA et al 2000 The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans A Y Chromosome Perspective Science 290 5494 1155 9 Bibcode 2000Sci 290 1155S doi 10 1126 science 290 5494 1155 PMID 11073453 Su Bing Xiao Junhua Underhill Peter Deka Ranjan et al December 1999 Y Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age The American Journal of Human Genetics 65 6 1718 1724 doi 10 1086 302680 PMC 1288383 PMID 10577926 Underhill Peter A Shen Peidong Lin Alice A Jin Li et al November 2000 Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics 26 3 358 361 doi 10 1038 81685 PMID 11062480 S2CID 12893406 External links editHaplogroup E1b1a FTDNA Project Distribution of E1b1a E3a in Africa Spread of Haplogroup E3a from National Geographic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup E V38 amp oldid 1192054730, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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