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Handroanthus impetiginosus

January 01, 1970

Handroanthus impetiginosus,[3] the pink ipê, pink lapacho or pink trumpet tree, is a tree in the family Bignoniaceae, distributed throughout North, Central and South America, from northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. Along with all the other species in the Handroanthus genus, it is the national tree of Paraguay.[4][5]

Handroanthus impetiginosus
Flowering in Corrientes, Argentina
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Genus: Handroanthus
Species:
H. impetiginosus
Binomial name
Handroanthus impetiginosus
(Mart. ex DC.) Mattos
Synonyms[2]
Synonyms list
    • Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze
    • Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Mattos
    • Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb.
    • Tabebuia dugandii Standl.
    • Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.
    • Tabebuia ipe var. integra (Sprague) Sandwith
    • Tabebuia nicaraguensis S.F.Blake
    • Tabebuia palmeri Rose
    • Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R.Simpson
    • Tecoma adenophylla Bureau & K.Schum. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.)
    • Tecoma avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Speg.
    • Tecoma avellanedae var. alba Lillo
    • Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC.
    • Tecoma integra (Sprague) Hassl.
    • Tecoma ipe f. leucotricha Hassl.
    • Tecoma ipe var. integra Sprague
    • Tecoma ipe var. integrifolia Hassl.

Description edit

 
Inflorescences
 
A single flower

It is a rather large deciduous tree, with trunks sometimes reaching 80 cm (31 in) in width and 30 m (98 ft) in height. Usually a third of that height is trunk, and two thirds are its longer branches. It has a large, globous, but often sparse canopy. The tree has a slow growth rate. Leaves are opposite and petiolate, 2 to 3 inches long, elliptic and lanceolate, with lightly serrated margins and pinnate venation. The leaves are palmately compound with usually 5 leaflets.

Its bark is brownish grey, tough and hard to peel. The wood is of a pleasant yellowish colour, barely knotted and very tough and heavy (0,935 kg/dm³). It's rich in tannins and therefore very resistant to weather and sun.[6] It is not very useful for furniture since it is so hard to work by hand. It can be found as beams or fulfilling other structural uses where needed outdoors.

In the southern hemisphere, pink lapacho flowers between July and September, before the new leaves appear. The flower is large, tubular shaped, its corolla is often pink or magenta, though exceptionally white, about 2 in (5.1 cm) long. There are four stamens and a staminode. The fruit consists of a narrow dehiscent capsule containing several winged seeds.

The flowers are easily accessible to pollinators. Some hummingbirds - e.g. black jacobin (Florisuga fusca) and black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis) - seem to prefer them over the flowers of other Handroanthus species, while for others like the stripe-breasted starthroat (Heliomaster squamosus) it may even be a mainstay food source.[7]

Ecology edit

Harvest of wild Handroanthus impetiginosus for lumber to make flooring and decking (in which case it is referred to as ipê in much of the timber trade) has become a major cause of deforestation in the Amazon.[8] Because the trees do not grow in concentrated stands but instead are found scattered throughout the forest, logging roads have to be built long distances to locate and harvest the trees. In most cases, once these trees are logged, the rest of the forest is cleared for agricultural use.[9] Scientific examination of current logging practices, in which 90% of mature trees can be legally harvested, found that recovery from juvenile populations within 60 years was not likely under any feasible scenario (five were modeled).[9] The parallel to the overharvesting of Swietenia macrophylla (big-leaf mahogany), a tree that grows in a similar distribution in the same areas as ipê, is interesting, yet ipê continues to be logged at prodigious rates with no sign of a listing in the Convention on Trade in International Species or other drastic actions likely necessary to prevent extinction. Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia humilis (other species yielding mahogany wood) were so thoroughly depleted that by the early 1900s there were essentially none left to harvest in the wild. Unfortunately the current scenario is one in which Handroanthus is headed for similar unsustainable depletion of wild populations.

Uses edit

 
Lapacho tea

It is used as a honey plant, and widely planted as an ornamental tree in landscaping gardens, public squares and boulevards due to its impressive and colorful appearance as it flowers.[6] Well-known and popular, it is the national tree of Paraguay. It is also planted as a street tree in cities of India, like in Bengaluru.

The inner bark is used in traditional medicine.[10] It is dried, shredded, and then boiled, making a bitter brownish-colored tea known as lapacho or taheebo. The unpleasant taste of the extract is lessened when taken in pill form, or as tinctures. Lapacho bark is typically used during flu and cold season and for easing smoker's cough.[citation needed] It is claimed to work by promoting the lungs to expectorate and free deeply embedded mucus and contaminants during the first three to ten days of treatment.[6][medical citation needed]

In ethnomedicine, lapacho plays an important role for several South American indigenous people. In the past decades it has been used by herbalists as a general tonic, immunostimulant,[11] and adaptogen. It is used in herbal medicine for intestinal candidiasis.[12]

However, the main active compound lapachol has since turned out to be toxic enough to kill fetuses in pregnant rats and reduce the weight of the seminal vesicle in male rats in doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight.[13] Still, lapachol has strong antibiotic and disinfectant properties, and may be better suited for topical applications. Lapachol induces genetic damage, specifically clastogenic effects, in rats.[14] Beta-lapachone has a direct cytotoxic effect and the loss of telomerase activity in leukemia cells in vitro.[15]

The ethnomedical use of lapacho and other Handroanthus teas is usually short-term, to get rid of acute ailments, and not as a general tonic. Usefulness as a short-term antimicrobial and disinfecting expectorant, e.g. against PCP in AIDS patients, is yet to be scientifically studied. Handroanthus impetiginosus inner bark seems to have anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.[16] and has some effects on other human intestinal bacteria.[17]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Lapacho in the wild
  •  
    in Brasília
  •  
    1-year old seedling
  •  
    in Hyderabad, India.
  •  
    trunk
  •  
    Tabebuia impetiginosa at Disneyland

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". Iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  2. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  3. ^ "Tabebuia impetiginosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  4. ^ "What is a Lapacho Tree?".
  5. ^ "Ley N.° 4631.- Que declara árbol nacional al lapacho (tajy hu)". Gaceta Oficial de la República del Paraguay. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  6. ^ a b c López et al. (1987)
  7. ^ Baza Mendonça & dos Anjos (2005)
  8. ^ Schulze M, Grogan J, Landis RM, Vidal E (2008). "How rare is too rare to harvest? Management challenges posted by timber species occurring at low densities in the Brazilian Amazon". Forest Ecology and Management. 256: 1443–1457. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.051.
  9. ^ a b Schulze M, Grogan J, Uhl C, et al. (2008). "Evaluating ipê (Tabebuia, Bignoniaceae) logging in Amazonia: Sustainable management or catalyst for forest degradation?". Biological Conservation. 141 (8): 2071–2085. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.003.
  10. ^ Tabebuia avellanedae at University of São Paulo
  11. ^ Wagner H.; Seitz R. (1998). "Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa) - Portrait of a medicinal plant from the Southamerican rainforest". Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie. 19 (4): 226–238.
  12. ^ . oralchelation.com. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28.
  13. ^ E.g. de Cássia da Silveira e Sá & de Oliveira Guerra (2007)
  14. ^ Maistro, EL; Fernandes, DM; Pereira, FM; Andrade, SF (2010). "Lapachol induces clastogenic effects in rats". Planta Medica. 76 (9): 858–62. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1240816. PMID 20112181.
  15. ^ Moon, DO; Kang, CH; Kim, MO; Jeon, YJ; Lee, JD; Choi, YH; Kim, GY (2010). "Beta-lapachone (LAPA) decreases cell viability and telomerase activity in leukemia cells: Suppression of telomerase activity by LAPA". Journal of Medicinal Food. 13 (3): 481–8. doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.1219. PMID 20438329.
  16. ^ Park, BS; Lee, HK; Lee, SE; Piao, XL; Takeoka, GR; Wong, RY; Ahn, YJ; Kim, JH (2006). "Antibacterial activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC (Taheebo) against Helicobacter pylori". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 105 (1–2): 255–62. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.005. PMID 16359837.
  17. ^ Park, BS; Kim, JR; Lee, SE; Kim, KS; Takeoka, GR; Ahn, YJ; Kim, JH (2005). "Selective growth-inhibiting effects of compounds identified in Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (4): 1152–7. doi:10.1021/jf0486038. PMID 15713033.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Handroanthus impetiginosus.
  • Angely, J.A. (1965): Flora analitica do Parana.
  • Baza Mendonça, Luciana; dos Anjos, Luiz (2005). "Beija-flores (Aves, Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área urbana do Sul do Brasil [Hummingbirds (Aves, Trochilidae) and their flowers in an urban area of southern Brazil]. [Portuguese with English abstract]". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 22 (1): 51–59. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752005000100007.
  • de; Sá, Rita; de Oliveira Guerra, Martha (2007). "Reproductive toxicity of lapachol in adult male Wistar rats submitted to short-term treatment". Phytother. Res. 21 (7): 658–662. doi:10.1002/ptr.2141. PMID 17421057.
  • Gómez-Castellanosa, J. R.; Prieto, J. M. (2009). "Red Lapacho Tea (Tabebuia impetiginosa) – a global ethnopharmacological commodity?". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 121 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.004. PMID 18992801.
  • López, J.A.; Little, E.; Ritz, G.; Rombold, J. & Hahn, W. (1987): Árboles comunes del Paraguay: Ñande yvyra mata kuera. Cuerpo de Paz, Asunción.
  • Pradip Krishen, Trees of Delhi a Field Guide, DK publishers, Page 216, 2006
  • Pau d'arco, American Cancer Society
  • http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/tabimpa.pdf
  • New class of antiangiogenesis (anti-cancer) drugs identified in Tabebuia avellanedae

January 01, 1970
handroanthus, impetiginosus, pink, ipê, pink, lapacho, pink, trumpet, tree, tree, family, bignoniaceae, distributed, throughout, north, central, south, america, from, northern, mexico, south, northern, argentina, along, with, other, species, handroanthus, genu. Handroanthus impetiginosus 3 the pink ipe pink lapacho or pink trumpet tree is a tree in the family Bignoniaceae distributed throughout North Central and South America from northern Mexico south to northern Argentina Along with all the other species in the Handroanthus genus it is the national tree of Paraguay 4 5 Handroanthus impetiginosus Flowering in Corrientes Argentina Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 2 3 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Bignoniaceae Genus Handroanthus Species H impetiginosus Binomial name Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart ex DC Mattos Synonyms 2 Synonyms list Gelseminum avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb Kuntze Handroanthus avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb Mattos Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb Tabebuia dugandii Standl Tabebuia impetiginosa Mart ex DC Standl Tabebuia ipe var integra Sprague Sandwith Tabebuia nicaraguensis S F Blake Tabebuia palmeri Rose Tabebuia schunkevigoi D R Simpson Tecoma adenophylla Bureau amp K Schum in C F P von Martius amp auct suc eds Tecoma avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb Speg Tecoma avellanedae var alba Lillo Tecoma impetiginosa Mart ex DC Tecoma integra Sprague Hassl Tecoma ipe f leucotricha Hassl Tecoma ipe var integra Sprague Tecoma ipe var integrifolia Hassl Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Uses 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription edit nbsp Inflorescences nbsp A single flower It is a rather large deciduous tree with trunks sometimes reaching 80 cm 31 in in width and 30 m 98 ft in height Usually a third of that height is trunk and two thirds are its longer branches It has a large globous but often sparse canopy The tree has a slow growth rate Leaves are opposite and petiolate 2 to 3 inches long elliptic and lanceolate with lightly serrated margins and pinnate venation The leaves are palmately compound with usually 5 leaflets Its bark is brownish grey tough and hard to peel The wood is of a pleasant yellowish colour barely knotted and very tough and heavy 0 935 kg dm It s rich in tannins and therefore very resistant to weather and sun 6 It is not very useful for furniture since it is so hard to work by hand It can be found as beams or fulfilling other structural uses where needed outdoors In the southern hemisphere pink lapacho flowers between July and September before the new leaves appear The flower is large tubular shaped its corolla is often pink or magenta though exceptionally white about 2 in 5 1 cm long There are four stamens and a staminode The fruit consists of a narrow dehiscent capsule containing several winged seeds The flowers are easily accessible to pollinators Some hummingbirds e g black jacobin Florisuga fusca and black throated mango Anthracothorax nigricollis seem to prefer them over the flowers of other Handroanthus species while for others like the stripe breasted starthroat Heliomaster squamosus it may even be a mainstay food source 7 Ecology editHarvest of wild Handroanthus impetiginosus for lumber to make flooring and decking in which case it is referred to as ipe in much of the timber trade has become a major cause of deforestation in the Amazon 8 Because the trees do not grow in concentrated stands but instead are found scattered throughout the forest logging roads have to be built long distances to locate and harvest the trees In most cases once these trees are logged the rest of the forest is cleared for agricultural use 9 Scientific examination of current logging practices in which 90 of mature trees can be legally harvested found that recovery from juvenile populations within 60 years was not likely under any feasible scenario five were modeled 9 The parallel to the overharvesting of Swietenia macrophylla big leaf mahogany a tree that grows in a similar distribution in the same areas as ipe is interesting yet ipe continues to be logged at prodigious rates with no sign of a listing in the Convention on Trade in International Species or other drastic actions likely necessary to prevent extinction Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia humilis other species yielding mahogany wood were so thoroughly depleted that by the early 1900s there were essentially none left to harvest in the wild Unfortunately the current scenario is one in which Handroanthus is headed for similar unsustainable depletion of wild populations Uses edit nbsp Lapacho tea It is used as a honey plant and widely planted as an ornamental tree in landscaping gardens public squares and boulevards due to its impressive and colorful appearance as it flowers 6 Well known and popular it is the national tree of Paraguay It is also planted as a street tree in cities of India like in Bengaluru The inner bark is used in traditional medicine 10 It is dried shredded and then boiled making a bitter brownish colored tea known as lapacho or taheebo The unpleasant taste of the extract is lessened when taken in pill form or as tinctures Lapacho bark is typically used during flu and cold season and for easing smoker s cough citation needed It is claimed to work by promoting the lungs to expectorate and free deeply embedded mucus and contaminants during the first three to ten days of treatment 6 medical citation needed In ethnomedicine lapacho plays an important role for several South American indigenous people In the past decades it has been used by herbalists as a general tonic immunostimulant 11 and adaptogen It is used in herbal medicine for intestinal candidiasis 12 However the main active compound lapachol has since turned out to be toxic enough to kill fetuses in pregnant rats and reduce the weight of the seminal vesicle in male rats in doses of 100 mg kg of body weight 13 Still lapachol has strong antibiotic and disinfectant properties and may be better suited for topical applications Lapachol induces genetic damage specifically clastogenic effects in rats 14 Beta lapachone has a direct cytotoxic effect and the loss of telomerase activity in leukemia cells in vitro 15 The ethnomedical use of lapacho and other Handroanthus teas is usually short term to get rid of acute ailments and not as a general tonic Usefulness as a short term antimicrobial and disinfecting expectorant e g against PCP in AIDS patients is yet to be scientifically studied Handroanthus impetiginosus inner bark seems to have anti Helicobacter pylori activity 16 and has some effects on other human intestinal bacteria 17 Gallery edit nbsp Lapacho in the wild nbsp in Brasilia nbsp 1 year old seedling nbsp in Hyderabad India nbsp trunk nbsp Tabebuia impetiginosa at DisneylandSee also editLapachoReferences edit IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Iucnredlist org Retrieved 2022 08 10 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Retrieved June 3 2014 Tabebuia impetiginosa Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved December 21 2017 What is a Lapacho Tree Ley N 4631 Que declara arbol nacional al lapacho tajy hu Gaceta Oficial de la Republica del Paraguay Retrieved 1 March 2018 a b c Lopez et al 1987 Baza Mendonca amp dos Anjos 2005 Schulze M Grogan J Landis RM Vidal E 2008 How rare is too rare to harvest Management challenges posted by timber species occurring at low densities in the Brazilian Amazon Forest Ecology and Management 256 1443 1457 doi 10 1016 j foreco 2008 02 051 a b Schulze M Grogan J Uhl C et al 2008 Evaluating ipe Tabebuia Bignoniaceae logging in Amazonia Sustainable management or catalyst for forest degradation Biological Conservation 141 8 2071 2085 doi 10 1016 j biocon 2008 06 003 Tabebuia avellanedae at University of Sao Paulo Wagner H Seitz R 1998 Lapacho Tabebuia impetiginosa Portrait of a medicinal plant from the Southamerican rainforest Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie 19 4 226 238 Purple Lapacho Ancient Herb Modern Miracle oralchelation com Archived from the original on 2007 05 28 E g de Cassia da Silveira e Sa amp de Oliveira Guerra 2007 Maistro EL Fernandes DM Pereira FM Andrade SF 2010 Lapachol induces clastogenic effects in rats Planta Medica 76 9 858 62 doi 10 1055 s 0029 1240816 PMID 20112181 Moon DO Kang CH Kim MO Jeon YJ Lee JD Choi YH Kim GY 2010 Beta lapachone LAPA decreases cell viability and telomerase activity in leukemia cells Suppression of telomerase activity by LAPA Journal of Medicinal Food 13 3 481 8 doi 10 1089 jmf 2008 1219 PMID 20438329 Park BS Lee HK Lee SE Piao XL Takeoka GR Wong RY Ahn YJ Kim JH 2006 Antibacterial activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC Taheebo against Helicobacter pylori Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105 1 2 255 62 doi 10 1016 j jep 2005 11 005 PMID 16359837 Park BS Kim JR Lee SE Kim KS Takeoka GR Ahn YJ Kim JH 2005 Selective growth inhibiting effects of compounds identified in Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 4 1152 7 doi 10 1021 jf0486038 PMID 15713033 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Handroanthus impetiginosus Angely J A 1965 Flora analitica do Parana Baza Mendonca Luciana dos Anjos Luiz 2005 Beija flores Aves Trochilidae e seus recursos florais em uma area urbana do Sul do Brasil Hummingbirds Aves Trochilidae and their flowers in an urban area of southern Brazil Portuguese with English abstract Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22 1 51 59 doi 10 1590 S0101 81752005000100007 de Sa Rita de Oliveira Guerra Martha 2007 Reproductive toxicity of lapachol in adult male Wistar rats submitted to short term treatment Phytother Res 21 7 658 662 doi 10 1002 ptr 2141 PMID 17421057 Gomez Castellanosa J R Prieto J M 2009 Red Lapacho Tea Tabebuia impetiginosa a global ethnopharmacological commodity Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 1 1 13 doi 10 1016 j jep 2008 10 004 PMID 18992801 Lopez J A Little E Ritz G Rombold J amp Hahn W 1987 Arboles comunes del Paraguay Nande yvyra mata kuera Cuerpo de Paz Asuncion Pradip Krishen Trees of Delhi a Field Guide DK publishers Page 216 2006 Pau d arco American Cancer Society http hort ifas ufl edu database documents pdf tree fact sheets tabimpa pdf New class of antiangiogenesis anti cancer drugs identified in Tabebuia avellanedae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Handroanthus impetiginosus amp oldid 1209358764, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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