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Glossary of leaf morphology

January 18, 2023

The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article.

Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms

The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could depend on individual judgement, or which part of the tree one collected them from. The same cautions might apply to "caudate", "cuspidate", and "mucronate", or to "crenate", "dentate", and "serrate."

Another problem is to establish definitions that meet all cases or satisfy all authorities and readers. For example, it seems altogether reasonable to define a mucro as "a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib", but it may not be clear how small is small enough, how sharp is sharp enough, how hard the point must be, and what to call the point when one cannot tell whether the leaf has a midrib at all. Various authors or field workers might come to incompatible conclusions, or might try to compromise by qualifying terms so vaguely that a description of a particular plant practically loses its value.

Use of these terms is not restricted to leaves, but may be applied to morphology of other parts of plants, e.g. bracts, bracteoles, stipules, sepals, petals, carpels or scales. Some of these terms are also used for similar-looking anatomical features on animals.

Leaf structure

Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or lamina, but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. Leaves may be simple, with a single leaf blade, or compound, with several leaflets. In flowering plants, as well as the blade of the leaf, there may be a petiole and stipules; compound leaves may have a rachis supporting the leaflets. Leaf structure is described by several terms that include:[citation needed]

 
Bipinnate leaf anatomy with labels showing alternative usages
 
A ternate compound leaf with a petiole but no rachis (or rachillae)
Image Term Latin Description
  bifoliolate Having two leaflets[1]
geminate
jugate
  bigeminate Having two leaflets, each leaflet being bifoliolate
  bipinnate bipinnatus The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound; twice pinnate
  biternate With three components, each with three leaflets
  imparipinnate With an odd number of leaflets, pinnate with a terminal leaflet (the opposite of paripinnate)
odd-pinnate
  paripinnate Pinnate with an even number of leaflets, lacking a terminal leaflet (the opposite of imparipinnate)
even-pinnate
  palmately compound palmatus Consisting of leaflets all radiating from one point
pinnately compound pinnatus Having two rows of leaflets on opposite sides of a central axis, see imparipinnate and paripinnate
  simple Leaf blade in one continuous section, without leaflets (not compound)
  ternate ternatus With three leaflets
trifoliate trifoliatus
trifoliolate trifoliolatus
  tripinnate tripinnatus Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate

Leaf and leaflet shapes

Being one of the more visible features, leaf shape is commonly used for plant identification. Similar terms are used for other plant parts, such as petals, tepals, and bracts.

 
Oddly pinnate, pinnatifid leaves (Coriandrum sativum, coriander or cilantro)
 
Partial chlorosis revealing palmate venation in simple leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis
Image Term Latin Refers principally to Description
  acicular acicularis whole leaf Slender and pointed, needle-like
  acuminate acuminatus leaf tip Tapering to a long point in a concave manner
  acute leaf tip or base Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°
  apiculate apiculatus leaf tip Tapering and ending in a short, slender point
  aristate aristatus leaf tip Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point
asymmetrical whole leaf With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib
  attenuate attenuatus leaf base Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base and always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole
  auriculate auriculatus leaf base Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or stem (in case of a seated leaf)
  caudate caudatus leaf tip Tailed at the apex
cirrus, cirrate leaf tip Having a rachis that extends beyond the leaf blade or leaflets into a long whip-like extension or cirrus (common in climbing palms); antonym: ecirrate
  cordate, cordiform cordatus whole leaf Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the notch
  cuneate cuneatus leaf base Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point
cuneiform whole leaf Narrowly triangular, widest on the opposite end from the stem, with the corners at that end rounded
  cuspidate cuspidatus leaf tip With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp
  deltoid, deltate deltoideus whole leaf Shaped like the Greek letter delta; triangular with stem attached to side
  digitate digitatus whole leaf With finger-like lobes, similar to palmate[2]
ecirrate leaf tip Without a cirrus; antonym: cirrate
  elliptic ellipticus whole leaf Shaped like an ellipse, with a short or no point
  emarginate emarginatus leaf tip Slightly indented at the tip
  ensiform ensiformis whole leaf Shaped like a sword; long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip
  falcate falcatus whole leaf Sickle-shaped
  fenestrate fenestratus leaf surface features Large openings through the leaf; see perforate; sometimes used to describe leaf epidermal windows
  filiform filiformis whole leaf Thread- or filament-shaped
  flabellate flabellatus whole leaf Semi-circular or fan-like
  hastate hastatus whole leaf Spear-shaped: pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base
  laciniate lacinatus whole leaf Very deeply lobed with the lobes being very drawn out and often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork
laminar 3-D shape Flat (like most leaves)
  lanceolate lanceolatus whole leaf Long, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip
  linear linearis whole leaf Long and very narrow like a blade of grass
  lobed lobatus whole leaf Being divided by clefts; may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed
  lorate loratus whole leaf Having the form of a thong or strap
  lyrate lyratus whole leaf Shaped like a lyre, pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes. See also List of lyrate plants.
  mucronate mucronatus leaf tip Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib[3]
  multifid multi + findere whole leaf Cleft into many parts or lobes
  obcordate obcordatus whole leaf Heart-shaped, stem attaches at the tapering end
  oblanceolate oblanceolatus whole leaf Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip; reversed lanceolate
  oblique leaf base Asymmetrical leaf base, with one side lower than the other
  oblong oblongus whole leaf Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides; roughly rectangular
  obovate obovatus whole leaf Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate
obtrullate whole leaf Reversed trullate; the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex.
  obtuse obtusus leaf tip Blunt, forming an angle > 90°
  orbicular orbicularis whole leaf Circular
  ovate ovatus whole leaf Egg-shaped, with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole
  palmate palmatus whole leaf Palm-shaped, i.e. with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base[4]
  palmately lobed palmatus whole leaf Lobes spread radially from a point[5]
  palmatifid palma + findere whole leaf Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway toward the petiole
  palmatipartite palma + partiri whole leaf Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend over halfway toward the petiole
  palmatisect palma + secare whole leaf Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole.
  pandurate panduratus whole leaf Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle.
  pedate pedatus whole leaf Palmate, with cleft lobes[6]
  peltate peltatus stem attachment A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center, e.g. a lotus leaf
  perfoliate perfoliatus stem attachment With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf
  perforate perforatus leaf surface features Many holes, or perforations, on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate.
  pinnately lobed pinna + lobus whole leaf Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis
  pinnatifid pinna + findere whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway to the midrib
  pinnatipartite pinnatus + partiri whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend more than halfway to the midrib
  pinnatisect pinnatus + sectus whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend almost to, or up to, the midrib
  plicate plicatus 3-D shape Folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf
  reniform reniformis whole leaf Shaped like a kidney, with an inward curve on one side
  retuse leaf tip With a shallow notch in a round apex
  rhomboid, rhombic rhomboidalis whole leaf Diamond-shaped
  rounded rotundifolius leaf tip or base Circular, no distinct point
semiterete 3-D shape Rounded on one side and flat on the other
  sinuate sinuatus 3-D shape Circularly-lobed leaves
  sagittate sagittatus whole leaf Arrowhead-shaped with the lower lobes folded, or curled downward
  spatulate spathulatus whole leaf Spoon-shaped; having a broad flat end which tapers to the base
  spear-shaped hastatus whole leaf See hastate.
  subobtuse subobtusus leaf tip or base Somewhat blunted; neither blunt nor sharp
  subulate subulatus leaf tip Awl-shaped with a tapering point
  terete 3-D shape Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges
  trullate whole leaf Shaped like a masonry trowel
  truncate truncatus leaf tip or base With a squared-off end
undulate undulatus 3-D shape Wave-like
  unifoliate unifoliatus compound leaves With a single leaflet; it is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abscission layers and often by petiolules and stipels.

Edge

Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf.

Image Term Latin Description
  entire Forma
integra		 Even; with a smooth margin; without toothing
  ciliate ciliatus Fringed with hairs
  crenate crenatus Wavy-toothed; dentate with rounded teeth
crenulate crenulatus Finely crenate
crisped crispus Curly
  dentate dentatus Toothed;

may be coarsely dentate, having large teeth

or glandular dentate, having teeth which bear glands

  denticulate denticulatus Finely toothed
  doubly serrate duplicato-dentatus Each tooth bearing smaller teeth
  serrate serratus Saw-toothed; with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward
  serrulate serrulatus Finely serrate
  sinuate sinuosus With deep, wave-like indentations; coarsely crenate
  lobate lobatus Indented, with the indentations not reaching the center
  undulate undulatus With a wavy edge, shallower than sinuate
  spiny or pungent spiculatus With stiff, sharp points such as thistles

Leaf folding

Leaves may also be folded, sculpted or rolled in various ways. If the leaves are initially folded in the bud, but later unrolls it is called vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud.

Image Term Latin Description
carinate or keeled carinatus With a longitudinal ridge, keel-shaped
  conduplicate Folded upwards, with the surfaces close to parallel
  cucullate Forming a hood, margins and tip curved downward
  involute Rolled upwards (towards the adaxial surface)
  plicate plicatus With parallel folds
reduplicate Folded downwards, with the surfaces close to parallel
  revolute Rolled downwards (towards the abaxial surface)
supervolute Opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis, with one half rolled completely within the other

Latin descriptions

The Latin word for 'leaf', folium, is neuter. In descriptions of a single leaf, the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used, e.g. folium lanceolatum 'lanceolate leaf', folium lineare 'linear leaf'. In descriptions of multiple leaves, the neuter plural is used, e.g. folia linearia 'linear leaves'. Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g. foliis ovatis 'with ovate leaves'.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Radford, A.E.; Dickison, W.C.; Massey, J.R.; Bell, C.R. (1976). "Phytography - Morphological Evidence". Vascular Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York.
  2. ^ Also used to describe compound leaves with finger-like leaflets
  3. ^ Mucronate, Answers.com, from Roget's Thesaurus.
  4. ^ . GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical Terms. iVillage GardenWeb. 2006. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  5. ^ Nelson, Randal C. (2009) [2012]. . University of Rochester. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Pedate leaf". Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  7. ^ Stearn (2004), pp. 439–440.

Bibliography

  • Stearn, W.T. (2004). Botanical Latin (4th (p/b) ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-7153-1643-6.
  • "Leaves"., in Massey & Murphy (1996)
  • "Shapes"., in Massey & Murphy (1996)
  • Massey, Jimmy R.; Murphy, James C. (1996). "Vascular plant systematics". NC Botnet. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

External links

  • The Description of Leaves, University of Rochester
  • Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
  • Botany 115 2015-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
  • The seed site
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Leaf margins.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Leaf diagrams.

January 18, 2023
glossary, leaf, morphology, following, list, terms, which, used, describe, leaf, morphology, description, taxonomy, plants, leaves, simple, single, leaf, blade, lamina, compound, with, several, leaflets, edge, leaf, regular, irregular, smooth, bearing, hair, b. The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants Leaves may be simple a single leaf blade or lamina or compound with several leaflets The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular may be smooth or bearing hair bristles or spines For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable readers must use their judgement Authors often use terms arbitrarily or coin them to taste possibly in ignorance of established terms and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance or personal preference or because usages change with time or context or because of variation between specimens even specimens from the same plant For example whether to call leaves on the same tree acuminate lanceolate or linear could depend on individual judgement or which part of the tree one collected them from The same cautions might apply to caudate cuspidate and mucronate or to crenate dentate and serrate Another problem is to establish definitions that meet all cases or satisfy all authorities and readers For example it seems altogether reasonable to define a mucro as a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib but it may not be clear how small is small enough how sharp is sharp enough how hard the point must be and what to call the point when one cannot tell whether the leaf has a midrib at all Various authors or field workers might come to incompatible conclusions or might try to compromise by qualifying terms so vaguely that a description of a particular plant practically loses its value Use of these terms is not restricted to leaves but may be applied to morphology of other parts of plants e g bracts bracteoles stipules sepals petals carpels or scales Some of these terms are also used for similar looking anatomical features on animals Contents 1 Leaf structure 2 Leaf and leaflet shapes 3 Edge 4 Leaf folding 5 Latin descriptions 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksLeaf structure EditLeaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or lamina but not all leaves are flat some are cylindrical Leaves may be simple with a single leaf blade or compound with several leaflets In flowering plants as well as the blade of the leaf there may be a petiole and stipules compound leaves may have a rachis supporting the leaflets Leaf structure is described by several terms that include citation needed Bipinnate leaf anatomy with labels showing alternative usages A ternate compound leaf with a petiole but no rachis or rachillae Image Term Latin Description bifoliolate Having two leaflets 1 geminatejugate bigeminate Having two leaflets each leaflet being bifoliolate bipinnate bipinnatus The leaflets are themselves pinnately compound twice pinnate biternate With three components each with three leaflets imparipinnate With an odd number of leaflets pinnate with a terminal leaflet the opposite of paripinnate odd pinnate paripinnate Pinnate with an even number of leaflets lacking a terminal leaflet the opposite of imparipinnate even pinnate palmately compound palmatus Consisting of leaflets all radiating from one pointpinnately compound pinnatus Having two rows of leaflets on opposite sides of a central axis see imparipinnate and paripinnate simple Leaf blade in one continuous section without leaflets not compound ternate ternatus With three leafletstrifoliate trifoliatustrifoliolate trifoliolatus tripinnate tripinnatus Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnateLeaf and leaflet shapes EditBeing one of the more visible features leaf shape is commonly used for plant identification Similar terms are used for other plant parts such as petals tepals and bracts Oddly pinnate pinnatifid leaves Coriandrum sativum coriander or cilantro Partial chlorosis revealing palmate venation in simple leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis Image Term Latin Refers principally to Description acicular acicularis whole leaf Slender and pointed needle like acuminate acuminatus leaf tip Tapering to a long point in a concave manner acute leaf tip or base Pointed having a short sharp apex angled less than 90 apiculate apiculatus leaf tip Tapering and ending in a short slender point aristate aristatus leaf tip Ending in a stiff bristle like pointasymmetrical whole leaf With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib attenuate attenuatus leaf base Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base and always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole auriculate auriculatus leaf base Having ear shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or stem in case of a seated leaf caudate caudatus leaf tip Tailed at the apexcirrus cirrate leaf tip Having a rachis that extends beyond the leaf blade or leaflets into a long whip like extension or cirrus common in climbing palms antonym ecirrate cordate cordiform cordatus whole leaf Heart shaped with the petiole or stem attached to the notch cuneate cuneatus leaf base Triangular wedge shaped stem attaches to pointcuneiform whole leaf Narrowly triangular widest on the opposite end from the stem with the corners at that end rounded cuspidate cuspidatus leaf tip With a sharp elongated rigid tip tipped with a cusp deltoid deltate deltoideus whole leaf Shaped like the Greek letter delta triangular with stem attached to side digitate digitatus whole leaf With finger like lobes similar to palmate 2 ecirrate leaf tip Without a cirrus antonym cirrate elliptic ellipticus whole leaf Shaped like an ellipse with a short or no point emarginate emarginatus leaf tip Slightly indented at the tip ensiform ensiformis whole leaf Shaped like a sword long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip falcate falcatus whole leaf Sickle shaped fenestrate fenestratus leaf surface features Large openings through the leaf see perforate sometimes used to describe leaf epidermal windows filiform filiformis whole leaf Thread or filament shaped flabellate flabellatus whole leaf Semi circular or fan like hastate hastatus whole leaf Spear shaped pointed with barbs shaped like a spear point with flaring pointed lobes at the base laciniate lacinatus whole leaf Very deeply lobed with the lobes being very drawn out and often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchforklaminar 3 D shape Flat like most leaves lanceolate lanceolatus whole leaf Long wider in the middle shaped like a lance tip linear linearis whole leaf Long and very narrow like a blade of grass lobed lobatus whole leaf Being divided by clefts may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed lorate loratus whole leaf Having the form of a thong or strap lyrate lyratus whole leaf Shaped like a lyre pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes See also List of lyrate plants mucronate mucronatus leaf tip Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib 3 multifid multi findere whole leaf Cleft into many parts or lobes obcordate obcordatus whole leaf Heart shaped stem attaches at the tapering end oblanceolate oblanceolatus whole leaf Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip reversed lanceolate oblique leaf base Asymmetrical leaf base with one side lower than the other oblong oblongus whole leaf Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides roughly rectangular obovate obovatus whole leaf Teardrop shaped stem attaches to the tapering end reversed ovateobtrullate whole leaf Reversed trullate the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex obtuse obtusus leaf tip Blunt forming an angle gt 90 orbicular orbicularis whole leaf Circular ovate ovatus whole leaf Egg shaped with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole palmate palmatus whole leaf Palm shaped i e with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base 4 palmately lobed palmatus whole leaf Lobes spread radially from a point 5 palmatifid palma findere whole leaf Palm shaped having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway toward the petiole palmatipartite palma partiri whole leaf Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend over halfway toward the petiole palmatisect palma secare whole leaf Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend almost up but not quite to the petiole pandurate panduratus whole leaf Fiddle shaped obovate with a constriction near the middle pedate pedatus whole leaf Palmate with cleft lobes 6 peltate peltatus stem attachment A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center e g a lotus leaf perfoliate perfoliatus stem attachment With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf perforate perforatus leaf surface features Many holes or perforations on leaf surface Compare with fenestrate pinnately lobed pinna lobus whole leaf Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis pinnatifid pinna findere whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway to the midrib pinnatipartite pinnatus partiri whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend more than halfway to the midrib pinnatisect pinnatus sectus whole leaf Having lobes with incisions that extend almost to or up to the midrib plicate plicatus 3 D shape Folded into pleats usually lengthwise serving the function of stiffening a large leaf reniform reniformis whole leaf Shaped like a kidney with an inward curve on one side retuse leaf tip With a shallow notch in a round apex rhomboid rhombic rhomboidalis whole leaf Diamond shaped rounded rotundifolius leaf tip or base Circular no distinct pointsemiterete 3 D shape Rounded on one side and flat on the other sinuate sinuatus 3 D shape Circularly lobed leaves sagittate sagittatus whole leaf Arrowhead shaped with the lower lobes folded or curled downward spatulate spathulatus whole leaf Spoon shaped having a broad flat end which tapers to the base spear shaped hastatus whole leaf See hastate subobtuse subobtusus leaf tip or base Somewhat blunted neither blunt nor sharp subulate subulatus leaf tip Awl shaped with a tapering point terete 3 D shape Circular in cross section more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges trullate whole leaf Shaped like a masonry trowel truncate truncatus leaf tip or base With a squared off endundulate undulatus 3 D shape Wave like unifoliate unifoliatus compound leaves With a single leaflet it is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abscission layers and often by petiolules and stipels Edge EditLeaf margins edges are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species and are an easy characteristic to observe Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf Image Term Latin Description entire Formaintegra Even with a smooth margin without toothing ciliate ciliatus Fringed with hairs crenate crenatus Wavy toothed dentate with rounded teethcrenulate crenulatus Finely crenatecrisped crispus Curly dentate dentatus Toothed may be coarsely dentate having large teethor glandular dentate having teeth which bear glands denticulate denticulatus Finely toothed doubly serrate duplicato dentatus Each tooth bearing smaller teeth serrate serratus Saw toothed with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward serrulate serrulatus Finely serrate sinuate sinuosus With deep wave like indentations coarsely crenate lobate lobatus Indented with the indentations not reaching the center undulate undulatus With a wavy edge shallower than sinuate spiny or pungent spiculatus With stiff sharp points such as thistlesLeaf folding EditLeaves may also be folded sculpted or rolled in various ways If the leaves are initially folded in the bud but later unrolls it is called vernation ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud Image Term Latin Descriptioncarinate or keeled carinatus With a longitudinal ridge keel shaped conduplicate Folded upwards with the surfaces close to parallel cucullate Forming a hood margins and tip curved downward involute Rolled upwards towards the adaxial surface plicate plicatus With parallel foldsreduplicate Folded downwards with the surfaces close to parallel revolute Rolled downwards towards the abaxial surface supervolute Opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis with one half rolled completely within the otherLatin descriptions EditThe Latin word for leaf folium is neuter In descriptions of a single leaf the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used e g folium lanceolatum lanceolate leaf folium lineare linear leaf In descriptions of multiple leaves the neuter plural is used e g folia linearia linear leaves Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural e g foliis ovatis with ovate leaves 7 See also EditGlossary of botanical terms Glossary of plant morphology Cladophylls are leaf like petioles Leaf size Sinus Leaflet botany and Rachis Petiole botany and Plant stem Phylloclades are flattened stems that resemble leaves Pinnation Plant morphology Taxonomy biology References Edit Radford A E Dickison W C Massey J R Bell C R 1976 Phytography Morphological Evidence Vascular Plant Systematics Harper and Row New York Also used to describe compound leaves with finger like leaflets Mucronate Answers com from Roget s Thesaurus palmate adj palmately GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical Terms iVillage GardenWeb 2006 Archived from the original on 13 February 2009 Retrieved 19 October 2008 Nelson Randal C 2009 2012 Leaf description glossary University of Rochester Archived from the original on 1 August 2020 Retrieved 2 November 2017 Pedate leaf Retrieved 24 February 2014 Stearn 2004 pp 439 440 Bibliography EditStearn W T 2004 Botanical Latin 4th p b ed Portland Oregon Timber Press ISBN 978 0 7153 1643 6 Leaves in Massey amp Murphy 1996 Shapes in Massey amp Murphy 1996 Massey Jimmy R Murphy James C 1996 Vascular plant systematics NC Botnet University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Retrieved 19 January 2016 External links EditThe Description of Leaves University of Rochester Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Vplants Botany 115 Archived 2015 12 28 at the Wayback Machine The seed site Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category Leaf margins Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category Leaf diagrams Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glossary of leaf morphology amp oldid 1132979266 lanceolate, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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