fbpx
Wikipedia

Halticosaurus

October 21, 2023

Halticosaurus (pron.:"HAL-tick-oh-SORE-us") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Triassic period (middle Norian stage, around 215.6–208 million years ago). It is known from a single fragmentary fossil specimen of the species H. longotarsus, found in the Middle Stubensandstein formation of what is present-day Germany[1] The only known specimen was poorly preserved and may have been put together from bones of unrelated animals. Further research would be required to determine which of the bones belonged together, and what kind of theropod Halticosaurus was. However, most of the bones have been lost. For these reasons, Halticosaurus is considered to be a nomen dubium.[2]

Halticosaurus
Temporal range: Norian
~215.6–208 Ma
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: †Halticosauridae
Bock, 1952
Genus: †Halticosaurus
Huene, 1908
Species:
†H. longotarsus
Binomial name
†Halticosaurus longotarsus
Huene, 1908

Etymology Edit

The name Halticosaurus comes from the Greek words altikos (αλτικος) meaning "good at jumping"/"nimble" and sauros (σαυρος) meaning "lizard"; thus "nimble lizard". Halticosaurus was described and named by Friedrich von Huene[3] in 1908 and the type species is Halticosaurus longotarsus.

Description Edit

Halticosaurus longotarsus, is known from the holotype SMNS 12353, which consists of partial jaw bones and teeth, incomplete neck, back, hip and tail vertebrae, a partial humerus, two partial femora, and fragments of an ilium and a metatarsal. The specimen was discovered in the Middle Stubensandstein Member of the Löwenstein Formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was recovered by A. Burrer, G. Mayer, and E. Fraas in 1902,[4] at the Burrerschen Quarry, in gray/blue marl that was deposited during the Norian stage of the Triassic period, approximately 215-212 million years ago. The specimen is currently housed in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany. von Huene named Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932 on the basis of a mangled skull also from the Middle Stubensandstein,[5] but it is now considered to have belonged to the indeterminate loricatan archosaur Apatosuchus.[6] He also named Halticosaurus lilliensterni in 1934,[7] but it became the new genus Liliensternus in 1984.[8]

According to Welles (1984) H. longotarsus could be distinguished from the similar species Liliensternus liliensterni based on the following features:[8]

  • the lower jaw is shallower and is pointed more in the front
  • shorter and taller middle neck vertebrae are present
  • a sharp keel is present on the bottom of the middle neck vertebrae
  • the hip vertebrae are narrower
  • lower third hip vertebra than in Liliensternus
  • a more outwardly placed front trochanter
  • the presence of smaller distal condyles on metatarsal II which extend less far proximally on shaft

In 1992, Michael Benton noted that the skull was 18 inches (46 cm) long but was lightly built, with large fenestrae. The legs of the specimen were strong, and its arms were relatively short. Benton estimated that Halticosaurus would have been about 5.5 m (18.0 ft) long.[9]

However, the fossil material used by these previous researchers was later found to be mixed together with the remains of other animals, including a sauropodomorph (Sellosaurus gracilis). In 2000, Rauhut and Hungerbühler re-examined the fossil material and concluded that only the two partial femora could be reliably referred to H. longotarsus.[2]

Classification Edit

In 1908, Huene originally assigned this genus broadly to Dinosauria, and after additional analysis in 1909 he assigned Halticosaurus to Saurischia.[3][10] In 1952, Bock observed enough unique skeletal features to assign it to its own family Halticosauridae. Welles (1984) and Chatterjee (1987) later agreed with this classification.[8][11] Over the years there was an effort to refer Halticosaurus to Podokesauridae by paleontologists like Simmons (1965), Ostrom (1978), Battail (1986) and Carroll (1988). In their attempt at phylogenetic analysis, Norman (1990) and later, Rauhut and Hungerbuhler (2000) concluded that Halticosaurus was indeterminate because the available material is too poorly preserved.[2]

A second species, based on a partial skull SMNS 12353b was assigned to this genus as cf. Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932.[5] In 2000, Rauhut and Hungerbuhler reassigned this material to the genus Saltoposuchus, a crocodylomorph, based on the morphology of the teeth and the antorbital fenestra in the skull.[2] A new genus name, Apatosuchus, was created for this specimen by Hans-Dieter Sues and Rainer R. Schoch in 2013 when they realized that it represented a primitive loricatan archosaur rather than a dinosaur or a crocodylomorph, as a result of further preparation of the specimen.[6]

A third species, H. liliensterni, was reclassified as Liliensternus by Welles.[8] Mortimer (2011) noted that between 1934 and 1984, Liliensternus was incorrectly considered to be a species of Halticosaurus.[12]

References Edit

  1. ^ Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ^ a b c d Rauhut, O.M.W. & Hungerbühler, A. (2000) "A review of European Triassic theropods." Gaia, 15: 75-88.
  3. ^ a b Huene, 1908. Die Dinosaurier der Europäischen Triasformation mit berücksichtigung der Ausseuropäischen vorkommnisse [The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe]. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. 1(1), 1-419.
  4. ^ F. von Huene (1907/1908) "Die Dinosaurier der Europaiaschen Triasformation mit Berucksichtiging der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse".
  5. ^ a b Huene, F. von. (1932). Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monogr. Geol. Pal. 4 (1) pts. 1 and 2, viii + 361 pp.
  6. ^ a b Sues, H. D.; Schoch, R. R. (2013). "Reassessment of cf. Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Germany - a pseudosuchian, not a dinosaur". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168 (4): 859. doi:10.1111/zoj.12038.
  7. ^ F. v. Huene, 1934, "Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thüringischen Trias", Paläontologische Zeitschrift 16(3/4): 145-170
  8. ^ a b c d Welles, 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda), osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit. Abteilung A: Paläozoologie, Stratigraphie 185 p. 85-180.
  9. ^ Benton, M. (1992). Dinosaur and other prehistoric animal factfinder. 1st American ed. New York: Kingfisher Books. Chicago / Turabian.
  10. ^ Huene, 1909. Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier [Sketch of the systematics and origins of the dinosaurs]. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. 1909, 12-22.
  11. ^ S. Chatterjee. 1987. A new theropod dinosaur from India with remarks on the Gondwana-Laurasia connection in the Late Triassic. Gondwana 6: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Paleontology, G. D. McKenzie (ed.), Geophysical Monographs 41:183-189
  12. ^ Mortimer, Mickey (2012). . Archived from the original on 2013-05-04.

External links Edit

  • Halticosaurus from the Dinosaur Mailing List

October 21, 2023
halticosaurus, pron, tick, sore, dubious, genus, theropod, dinosaur, from, late, triassic, period, middle, norian, stage, around, million, years, known, from, single, fragmentary, fossil, specimen, species, longotarsus, found, middle, stubensandstein, formatio. Halticosaurus pron HAL tick oh SORE us is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Triassic period middle Norian stage around 215 6 208 million years ago It is known from a single fragmentary fossil specimen of the species H longotarsus found in the Middle Stubensandstein formation of what is present day Germany 1 The only known specimen was poorly preserved and may have been put together from bones of unrelated animals Further research would be required to determine which of the bones belonged together and what kind of theropod Halticosaurus was However most of the bones have been lost For these reasons Halticosaurus is considered to be a nomen dubium 2 HalticosaurusTemporal range Norian 215 6 208 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClade DinosauriaClade SaurischiaClade TheropodaFamily HalticosauridaeBock 1952Genus HalticosaurusHuene 1908Species H longotarsusBinomial name Halticosaurus longotarsusHuene 1908 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Classification 4 References 5 External linksEtymology EditThe name Halticosaurus comes from the Greek words altikos altikos meaning good at jumping nimble and sauros sayros meaning lizard thus nimble lizard Halticosaurus was described and named by Friedrich von Huene 3 in 1908 and the type species is Halticosaurus longotarsus Description EditHalticosaurus longotarsus is known from the holotype SMNS 12353 which consists of partial jaw bones and teeth incomplete neck back hip and tail vertebrae a partial humerus two partial femora and fragments of an ilium and a metatarsal The specimen was discovered in the Middle Stubensandstein Member of the Lowenstein Formation in Baden Wurttemberg Germany It was recovered by A Burrer G Mayer and E Fraas in 1902 4 at the Burrerschen Quarry in gray blue marl that was deposited during the Norian stage of the Triassic period approximately 215 212 million years ago The specimen is currently housed in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart in Stuttgart Germany von Huene named Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932 on the basis of a mangled skull also from the Middle Stubensandstein 5 but it is now considered to have belonged to the indeterminate loricatan archosaur Apatosuchus 6 He also named Halticosaurus lilliensterni in 1934 7 but it became the new genus Liliensternus in 1984 8 According to Welles 1984 H longotarsus could be distinguished from the similar species Liliensternus liliensterni based on the following features 8 the lower jaw is shallower and is pointed more in the front shorter and taller middle neck vertebrae are present a sharp keel is present on the bottom of the middle neck vertebrae the hip vertebrae are narrower lower third hip vertebra than in Liliensternus a more outwardly placed front trochanter the presence of smaller distal condyles on metatarsal II which extend less far proximally on shaftIn 1992 Michael Benton noted that the skull was 18 inches 46 cm long but was lightly built with large fenestrae The legs of the specimen were strong and its arms were relatively short Benton estimated that Halticosaurus would have been about 5 5 m 18 0 ft long 9 However the fossil material used by these previous researchers was later found to be mixed together with the remains of other animals including a sauropodomorph Sellosaurus gracilis In 2000 Rauhut and Hungerbuhler re examined the fossil material and concluded that only the two partial femora could be reliably referred to H longotarsus 2 Classification EditIn 1908 Huene originally assigned this genus broadly to Dinosauria and after additional analysis in 1909 he assigned Halticosaurus to Saurischia 3 10 In 1952 Bock observed enough unique skeletal features to assign it to its own family Halticosauridae Welles 1984 and Chatterjee 1987 later agreed with this classification 8 11 Over the years there was an effort to refer Halticosaurus to Podokesauridae by paleontologists like Simmons 1965 Ostrom 1978 Battail 1986 and Carroll 1988 In their attempt at phylogenetic analysis Norman 1990 and later Rauhut and Hungerbuhler 2000 concluded that Halticosaurus was indeterminate because the available material is too poorly preserved 2 A second species based on a partial skull SMNS 12353b was assigned to this genus as cf Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus in 1932 5 In 2000 Rauhut and Hungerbuhler reassigned this material to the genus Saltoposuchus a crocodylomorph based on the morphology of the teeth and the antorbital fenestra in the skull 2 A new genus name Apatosuchus was created for this specimen by Hans Dieter Sues and Rainer R Schoch in 2013 when they realized that it represented a primitive loricatan archosaur rather than a dinosaur or a crocodylomorph as a result of further preparation of the specimen 6 A third species H liliensterni was reclassified as Liliensternus by Welles 8 Mortimer 2011 noted that between 1934 and 1984 Liliensternus was incorrectly considered to be a species of Halticosaurus 12 References Edit Weishampel David B Dodson Peter and Osmolska Halszka eds The Dinosauria 2nd Berkeley University of California Press 861 pp ISBN 0 520 24209 2 a b c d Rauhut O M W amp Hungerbuhler A 2000 A review of European Triassic theropods Gaia 15 75 88 a b Huene 1908 Die Dinosaurier der Europaischen Triasformation mit berucksichtigung der Ausseuropaischen vorkommnisse The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl 1 1 1 419 F von Huene 1907 1908 Die Dinosaurier der Europaiaschen Triasformation mit Berucksichtiging der aussereuropaischen Vorkommnisse a b Huene F von 1932 Die fossile Reptil Ordnung Saurischia ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte Monogr Geol Pal 4 1 pts 1 and 2 viii 361 pp a b Sues H D Schoch R R 2013 Reassessment of cf Halticosaurus orbitoangulatus from the Upper Triassic Norian of Germany a pseudosuchian not a dinosaur Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168 4 859 doi 10 1111 zoj 12038 F v Huene 1934 Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thuringischen Trias Palaontologische Zeitschrift 16 3 4 145 170 a b c d Welles 1984 Dilophosaurus wetherilli Dinosauria Theropoda osteology and comparisons Palaeontographica Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit Abteilung A Palaozoologie Stratigraphie 185 p 85 180 Benton M 1992 Dinosaur and other prehistoric animal factfinder 1st American ed New York Kingfisher Books Chicago Turabian Huene 1909 Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier Sketch of the systematics and origins of the dinosaurs Centralblatt fur Mineralogie Geologie und Palaontologie 1909 12 22 S Chatterjee 1987 A new theropod dinosaur from India with remarks on the Gondwana Laurasia connection in the Late Triassic Gondwana 6 Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Paleontology G D McKenzie ed Geophysical Monographs 41 183 189 Mortimer Mickey 2012 Coelophysoidea Archived from the original on 2013 05 04 External links EditHalticosaurus from the Dinosaur Mailing List Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Halticosaurus amp oldid 1138676449, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.