Gogebic County, Michigan
Gogebic County (/ɡoʊˈɡiːbɪk/ goh-GEE-bik or /ɡoʊˈɡɛbɪk/ goh-GEH-bik) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,380.[2] The county seat is Bessemer.[3] Gogebic County is the westernmost county in Michigan, and is one of four Michigan counties within the Central Time Zone. Gogebic County borders Wisconsin to the south, and has a shoreline on Lake Superior to the north.
Gogebic County | |
|---|---|
Logo | |
Location within the U.S. state of Michigan | |
Michigan's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 46°29′N 89°47′W / 46.48°N 89.79°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| Founded | 1887[1] |
| Named for | Lake Gogebic |
| Seat | Bessemer |
| Largest city | Ironwood |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,476 sq mi (3,820 km2) |
| • Land | 1,102 sq mi (2,850 km2) |
| • Water | 374 sq mi (970 km2) 25% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 14,380 |
| • Density | 15/sq mi (6/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 1st |
| Website | www |
Gogebic County has long been territory of the Lake Superior Chippewa. The Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation is located within Gogebic County.
History edit
Gogebic County was organized in 1887, partitioned from Ontonagon County. The county's name derives from a lake of the same name, which was originally rendered Agogebic. Sources agree that the name is from Ojibwe, but differ on the original meaning. The county's website suggests it meant "body of water hanging on high,"[4] but an 1884 military annal said it meant "water-mold lake" (Agogibing).[5] (See also: List of place names of Native American origin in Michigan)
Geography edit
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,476 square miles (3,820 km2), of which 1,102 square miles (2,850 km2) is land and 374 square miles (970 km2) (25%) is water.[6]
Water features edit
- Lake Superior – forms the county's northern land border.
- Lake Gogebic – the largest lake in the Upper Peninsula.
- Montreal River – forms the county's western border, as well as the state's border with Wisconsin in this area.
Adjacent counties edit
- Ontonagon County – north, northeast
- Iron County – east
- Vilas County, Wisconsin – south
- Iron County, Wisconsin – southwest
- Ashland County, Wisconsin – northwest
National protected area edit
- Ottawa National Forest (part)
State protected area edit
Communities edit
Cities edit
Charter township edit
Civil townships edit
Census-designated places edit
Other unincorporated communities edit
Indian reservations edit
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 13,166 | — | |
| 1900 | 16,738 | 27.1% | |
| 1910 | 23,333 | 39.4% | |
| 1920 | 33,225 | 42.4% | |
| 1930 | 31,577 | −5.0% | |
| 1940 | 31,797 | 0.7% | |
| 1950 | 27,053 | −14.9% | |
| 1960 | 24,370 | −9.9% | |
| 1970 | 20,676 | −15.2% | |
| 1980 | 19,686 | −4.8% | |
| 1990 | 18,052 | −8.3% | |
| 2000 | 17,370 | −3.8% | |
| 2010 | 16,427 | −5.4% | |
| 2020 | 14,380 | −12.5% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[7] 1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9] 1990-2000[10] 2010-2018[2] | |||
The 2010 United States census indicated Gogebic County had a population of 16,427.[11] This decrease of 943 people from the 2000 United States census was a -5.4% change in population. In 2010, there were 7,037 households and 4,171 families residing in the county. The population density was 15 people per square mile (5.8 people/km2). There were 10,795 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (3.9/km2). Among them, 91.7% of the population were White, 4.1% Black or African American, 2.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% of some other race and 1.4% of two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 17.4% were of Finnish, 12.8% German, 11.2% American, 10.0% Italian, 6.8% Polish, 6.7% English and 5.1% Irish ancestry.[12]
By the 2020 census, its population was 14,380.[2] Its population remained predominantly non-Hispanic white, and the largest ancestries as of 2022's American Community Survey were German (16.5%), Italian (13.6%), English (9.5%), and Polish (7.9%).[13]
In 2010, were 7,037 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.69. Its county population was 16.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.8 years. 53.3% of the population was male, and 46.7% of the population was female.
As of 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $34,917, and the median income for a family was $47,219. The per capita income for the county was $20,759. About 14.0% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
Sports edit
Gogebic is the only known place in the Upper Peninsula to ever host a professional sports team, with Ironwood hosting the Northwest Football League's Gogebic Panthers in 1935[14] and 1936. Their 1935 campaign was immensely successful as the Panthers finished with a 6–1 record, their only loss coming to the eventual league champion La Crosse Old Style Lagers.[15] Their 1936 campaign featured a 6–0 victory over the Madison Cardinals, who folded a few days after the Lagers defeated them 100–0 in an effort to kick them out of the league.[16]
Politics edit
Gogebic County was reliably Republican at the beginning of the twentieth century. Roosevelt's New Deal changed the county's mood, which has voted for the Democratic candidate in all but four presidential elections since 1932. In 2016, Donald Trump became the first Republican to win the county since Richard Nixon did in 1972. Trump carried the county again in 2020, despite losing nationally.
The county is strongly liberal on economic issues and also tends to be somewhat liberal on cultural issues, voting in favor of Michigan Proposal 2 and Michigan Proposal 3, which loosened voter restrictions and legalized abortion, respectively. Both referendums passed statewide but failed in most counties in the Upper Peninsula. However, the county's heavily unionized electorate is significantly more conservative on other issues, such as affirmative action, as over 70% of Gogebic County residents voted in favor of the Republican-led Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, which banned affirmative action.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 4,600 | 55.58% | 3,570 | 43.14% | 106 | 1.28% |
| 2016 | 4,018 | 54.42% | 2,925 | 39.62% | 440 | 5.96% |
| 2012 | 3,444 | 45.24% | 4,058 | 53.30% | 111 | 1.46% |
| 2008 | 3,330 | 40.21% | 4,757 | 57.44% | 194 | 2.34% |
| 2004 | 3,935 | 46.56% | 4,421 | 52.31% | 96 | 1.14% |
| 2000 | 3,929 | 47.12% | 4,066 | 48.76% | 344 | 4.13% |
| 1996 | 2,769 | 33.83% | 4,436 | 54.19% | 981 | 11.98% |
| 1992 | 2,838 | 30.76% | 4,792 | 51.95% | 1,595 | 17.29% |
| 1988 | 3,509 | 40.38% | 5,151 | 59.27% | 31 | 0.36% |
| 1984 | 4,006 | 41.81% | 5,554 | 57.97% | 21 | 0.22% |
| 1980 | 4,388 | 42.80% | 5,254 | 51.25% | 610 | 5.95% |
| 1976 | 3,953 | 38.04% | 6,341 | 61.02% | 98 | 0.94% |
| 1972 | 5,631 | 52.26% | 4,984 | 46.25% | 161 | 1.49% |
| 1968 | 4,140 | 39.71% | 5,839 | 56.00% | 447 | 4.29% |
| 1964 | 3,350 | 29.60% | 7,945 | 70.19% | 24 | 0.21% |
| 1960 | 5,429 | 42.89% | 7,200 | 56.88% | 30 | 0.24% |
| 1956 | 6,865 | 52.68% | 6,142 | 47.13% | 25 | 0.19% |
| 1952 | 6,195 | 47.47% | 6,803 | 52.13% | 53 | 0.41% |
| 1948 | 5,204 | 41.40% | 6,722 | 53.48% | 643 | 5.12% |
| 1944 | 5,283 | 39.82% | 7,938 | 59.83% | 47 | 0.35% |
| 1940 | 6,431 | 40.87% | 9,104 | 57.86% | 199 | 1.26% |
| 1936 | 4,649 | 35.07% | 8,461 | 63.82% | 147 | 1.11% |
| 1932 | 5,379 | 46.69% | 5,531 | 48.01% | 611 | 5.30% |
| 1928 | 6,061 | 64.74% | 3,134 | 33.48% | 167 | 1.78% |
| 1924 | 5,128 | 66.54% | 487 | 6.32% | 2,092 | 27.14% |
| 1920 | 5,486 | 79.72% | 823 | 11.96% | 573 | 8.33% |
| 1916 | 2,204 | 55.04% | 1,540 | 38.46% | 260 | 6.49% |
| 1912 | 818 | 26.92% | 572 | 18.82% | 1,649 | 54.26% |
| 1908 | 2,256 | 72.96% | 614 | 19.86% | 222 | 7.18% |
| 1904 | 2,111 | 77.98% | 414 | 15.29% | 182 | 6.72% |
| 1900 | 2,166 | 73.13% | 676 | 22.82% | 120 | 4.05% |
| 1896 | 1,982 | 68.37% | 837 | 28.87% | 80 | 2.76% |
| 1892 | 2,344 | 57.25% | 1,615 | 39.45% | 135 | 3.30% |
| 1888 | 1,367 | 54.35% | 1,112 | 44.21% | 36 | 1.43% |
Government edit
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, maintains vital records and property records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.
Transportation edit
Major highways edit
Transit edit
Airport edit
- KIWD - Gogebic-Iron County Airport – 7 miles (11 km) NE of Ironwood. Commercial air service is available.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Bibliography on Gogebic County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ a b c "State & County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
- ^ . National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Heikkinen, Carlo (1966). . Gogebic County. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016.
- ^ Kelton, Dwight H. (1884). Annals of Fort Mackinac. Library of Congress. pp. 146–147.
- ^ . US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "U.S. Census website". census.gov.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
- ^ "1935 Gogebic Panthers (NWFL) - Pro Football Archives". www.profootballarchives.com. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ^ "1935 Gogebic Panthers (NWFL) - Pro Football Archives". www.profootballarchives.com. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
- ^ Gill, Bob (2006). Outsiders : minor league and independent football, 1923-1950. Haworth, NJ: St. Johann Press. ISBN 1-878282-45-X. OCLC 70129209.
- ^ US Election Atlas
External links edit
- Gogebic County government
- Gogebic County Profile, Sam M Cohodas Regional Economist, Tawni Hunt Ferrarini, Ph.D.
- "Bibliography on Gogbebic County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
- Western Upper Peninsula Planning & Development Region