UNESCO Global Geoparks

UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).^[1] that administers the network.

UNESCO Global Geoparks
Logos of the GGN
World map of geoparks included in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (GGN) as of 2020 ^[needs update?]
Etymology	Brand name for marketing the parks
Owned by	The nation(s) in which the park is defined
Administered by	various models
Camp sites	Defined by park
Hiking trails	Defined by park
Terrain	Sites and habitats of geological interest
Water	Possibly
Vegetation	Possibly
Species	Possibly
Collections	Possibly
Designation	UNESCO designations of national, regional, and global geoparks
Budget	Sustainable
Parking	Possibly
Connecting transport	Possibly
Facilities	Possibly
Website	Typically

The agency was founded in 2004 in partnership with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The network was set up to conserve Earth's geological heritage, as well as to promote the sustainable research and development by the concerned communities. To implement these goals they adopted the concept of geopark, a term that had already been in use for one of the proposed parks. Geoparks were conceived as "single, unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development."

As the geopark did not naturally conform to all those requirements, compliance involved considerable work of the country where the geopark was to be located. In essence, the park had to be not only protected, but marketed sustainably to the public. In 2015, the Member States of UNESCO ratified the rebranding to the current name.

Since 2015, the application and designation process has been defined by the Statutes and Operational Guidelines of the UGGp.^[2] As of April 2023, there were 195 UGGp's in 48 countries.^[3] There are now GGN member sites situated in five of seven continents, there being none currently in either Antarctica or Australasia. There are not yet (2022) global geoparks in the United States. China is the country with the largest number of global geoparks.^{[attribution needed]}

Creation of the global network

The Global Geoparks Network (GGN) (also known as the Global Network of National Geoparks) is UNESCO assisted network established in 1998. Managed under the body's Ecological and Earth Sciences Division, the GGN seeks the promotion and conservation of the planet's geological heritage, as well as encourages the sustainable research and development by the concerned communities.^[4][5][6] Since 2015, its members are officially designated as UNESCO Global Geoparks.^[1]

The first batch of members to the GGN were announced during the first International Conference on Geoparks in 2004.

Geopark admission to the global network

The international network seeks the membership geoparks—geographical areas where geological heritage is the focus of local protection, education and development.

A set of criteria as established by UNESCO^[2] must first be met for a geopark, as nominated by the corresponding government, to be included in the GGN:

• the existence of a management plan designed to foster socio-economic development that is sustainable (most likely to be based on agritourism and geotourism);
• demonstrate methods for conserving and enhancing geological heritage and provide means for teaching geoscientific disciplines and broader environmental issues;
• joint-proposals submitted by public authorities, local communities and private interests acting together, which demonstrate the best practices with respect to Earth heritage conservation and its integration into sustainable development strategies. One such initiative is GEOfood, originally developed in Norway but now promoting local produce in global geoparks worldwide.^[7]

Criteria satisfaction is evaluated during biennial meetings (every even year) by the Geoparks Committee, known as the International Conference on Geoparks, which is also in charge with the periodic review of projects related to geological awareness. The first members of the GGN were named during the first conference in 2004, and it has continued to grow since then: ^{[needs update?]}

Session	Year	Site	Date
1st	2004	Beijing, China	27 June –7 July
2nd	2006	Belfast, United Kingdom	17–21 September
3rd	2008	Osnabrück, Germany	22–26 June
4th	2010	Langkawi, Malaysia	12–16 April
5th	2012	Unzen Volcanic Area Geopark (Shimabara, Japan)	12–15 May
6th	2014	Stonehammer Geopark (Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada)	19–22 September
7th	2016	English Riviera Geopark (Torquay, Devon, England)	24–30 September
8th	2018	Adamello Brenta UNESCO Global Geopark (Madonna di Campiglio, Trentino, Italy)	11–14 September
9th	2020	Jeju Island UNESCO Global Geopark, Republic of Korea (did not take place due to Covid)	17–20 September^[8]

The GGN works closely with another project under UNESCO's Ecological and Earth Sciences Division—the Man and Biosphere (MAB) World Network of Biosphere Reserves—to come up with and establish different means of sustainable development in promoting the local communities’ relationship with the natural environment.

Structure by continent and UNESCO region

The following table contains the detailed articles on the UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGG) and further international recognition frameworks of the geoheritage of each continents and their representative regional geopark networks. ^{[needs update?]}

List of UGGs by continent	UNESCO region	Regional geopark network	Number of UGGs in the network	Number of countries in the network
Africa	Africa	African Geoparks Network	2	2
	Asia
Asia		Asia Pacific Geoparks Network	57	8
Oceania
	Oceania
Europe	Europe and North America	European Geoparks Network	75	26
North America		—	3	1
Central America	Latin America and the Caribbean	Latin America and the Caribbean Geoparks Network	8	6
South America

Africa

This section is an excerpt from List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Africa.[edit]

UNESCO has currently designated two UNESCO Global Geoparks in Africa^[a], located in two state parties, Tanzania and Morocco. There are plans for national geoparks in an initial phase that could be further developed to gain the UNESCO recognition.^[9] Also on an international level, several sites of geoheritage values are inscribed on the World Heritage list under criterion VIII and/or criterion VII.

Africa has a globally significant geodiversity that represents geological-geomorphological processes from the Archean to the Quaternary.^[9] However, the acknowledgement of the continent's geodiversity is still lagging behind the recognition of its biodiversity, many areas of global importance are not represented under international agreements, and national legislative acts on the protection of geoheritage are limited.

Asia Pacific

This section is an excerpt from Asia Pacific Geoparks Network.[edit]

The Asia Pacific Geoparks Network (APGN) is the regional geopark network of the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) and the UNESCO International Geosciences and Geoparks Programme (UNESCO-IGGP). Its main role is to coordinate the activities of GGN in the UNESCO regions of Asia and the Pacific, to promote networking between global geoparks and geopark professionals in the region and to provide support for sustainable economic development in geopark areas. As of 2020 February, the APGN had 60 institutional members (UNESCO Global Geoparks) in countries.^[10][11] The Pacific region is currently not represented by a global geopark, but there are ongoing geopark projects,^[12] just as in other countries of Asia.

Europe

This section is an excerpt from List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Europe.[edit]

Europe^[b] is the cradle of the geoparks movement.^[13] The European Geoparks Network is a founding member of the Global Geoparks Network and it functions as a regional geopark network of it. As of November 2022, there are 94 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 28 European countries and there are several territories in an aspiring or planned phase, or in a national geopark status.^[14] Further elements of the geodiversity of the continent is represented on the World Heritage list, under criterion VIII or VII.

North America

This section is an excerpt from List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in North America.[edit]

In North America,^[c] there is no regional geopark network so far. As of July 2020, there are five UNESCO Global Geoparks in Canada and several aspiring geoparks projects going on, under the framework of the Canadian Geoparks Network.^[15] In the United States, there are no active UNESCO Global Geoparks so far, but there are certain plans to establish geoparks,^[16] applying for this label. Further elements of the geodiversity of the continent is represented on the World Heritage list, under criterion VIII or VII.

Latin America and the Caribbean

This section is an excerpt from List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Latin America.[edit]

Latin America^[d] is represented under the Global Geoparks Network by the geoparks of the Latin American Geoparks Network (Red GEOLAC). As of 2024, it includes 12 UNESCO Global Geoparks and further projects are in progress seeking UNESCO status or that of national geopark in South America, Central America and the Caribbean.^[17]

Continent and UNESCO-Region Notes

1. Africa is considered as the continent itself, including Northern African states that are defined under the Arabic States category in the UNESCO World Heritage Convent. Independent archipelagos are included (e.g. Seychelles), but island groups under European sovereignty (e.g. the Canary Islands) are excluded, as geoparks here are not part of the African Geoparks Network.
2. The list of geoparks in this article presents the members of the European Geoparks Network. Some members, like in the Canary Islands or in Turkey are situated outside Europe from a physical geographical viewpoint.
3. Mexico is member of the Latin American and the Caribbean Geoparks Network, therefore treated there. Greenland, although a territory of Denmark is treated under North America.
4. Latin America is considered here as the Latin America and the Caribbean region of the World Heritage Convention. Geoparks are currently not included in the Latin American Geoparks Network.^{[clarification needed]}

Geopark list by country and continent

Many of the names in the list below^[18] appear in slightly different forms in different documents or webpages, particularly where they have been anglicised. Dates of accession to network, where not otherwise referenced are taken from UNESCO website.^{[19][needs update?]}

List by country/territory

Country/Territory	Continent	Geopark^[A]	Year included
Austria	Europe	Styrian Eisenwurzen	2004
Austria	Europe	Ore of the Alps	2014
Austria / Slovenia	Europe	Karawanken / Karavanke	2015
Belgium	Europe	Famenne-Ardenne^[20]	2018^[21]
Brazil	South America	Araripe	2006^[22]
Brazil	South America	Seridó	2022^[23]
Brazil	South America	Caminhos dos Cânions do Sul	2022^[24]
Brazil	South America	Quarta Colônia	2023^[25]
Brazil	South America	Caçapava do Sul	2023^[26]
Brazil	South America	Uberaba	2024^[27]
Canada	North America	Cliffs of Fundy	2020^[28]
Canada	North America	Discovery	2020^[28]
Canada	North America	Percé^[29]	2018^[21]
Canada	North America	Stonehammer	2010
Canada	North America	Tumbler Ridge	2014
Chile	South America	Kütralkura	2019^[30]
China	Asia	Alxa Desert	2009
China	Asia	Arxan	2017
China	Asia	Wangwushan-Daimeishan	2006
China	Asia	Danxiashan	2004
China	Asia	Fangshan^[31]	2006
China	Asia	Funiushan	2006
China	Asia	Hexigten	2005
China	Asia	Guangwushan-Nuoshuihe^[32]	2018^[21]
China	Asia	Huanggang Dabieshan^[33]	2018^[21]
China	Asia	Jiuhuashan	2019^[30]
China	Asia	Huangshan	2004
China	Asia	Jingpohu	2006
China	Asia	Keketuohai	2017
China	Asia	Leye-Fengshan	2010
China	Asia	Longhushan	2007
China	Asia	Mount Lu	2004
China	Asia	Ningde	2010
China	Asia	Qinling	2009
China	Asia	Leiqiong	2006
China	Asia	Sanqingshan, Jiangxi	2012^[34]
China	Asia	Shilin	2004
China	Asia	Songshan	2004
China	Asia	Taining	2005
China	Asia	Taishan	2006
China	Asia	Tianzhushan	2011^[35]
China	Asia	Wudalianchi	2004
China	Asia	Xiangxi	2020^[28]
China	Asia	Xingwen	2005
China	Asia	Yandangshan	2005
China	Asia	Yimengshan	2019^[30]
China	Asia	Yuntaishan	2004
China	Asia	Zhangjiajie	2004
China	Asia	Zhangye	2020^[28]
China	Asia	Zigong	2008
Croatia	Europe	Papuk	2007
Croatia	Europe	Vis Archipelago	2019^[30]
Cyprus	Europe	Troodos	2015^[36]
Czech Republic	Europe	Bohemian Paradise	2005
Denmark	Europe	Odsherred	2014
Ecuador	South America	Imbabura	2019^[30]
Finland	Europe	Lauhanvuori-Hämeenkangas	2020^[37]
Finland	Europe	Rokua	2010
France	Europe	Massif des Bauges	2011^[35]
France	Europe	Beaujolais^[38]	2018^[21]
France	Europe	Causses du Quercy [fr; nl]	2017
France	Europe	Chablais	2012
France	Europe	Haute Provence	2004
France	Europe	Luberon	2005
France	Europe	Monts d'Ardèche	2014
Germany	Europe	Bergstrasse-Odenwald	2004
Germany	Europe	TERRA.vita	2004
Germany	Europe	Harz, Braunschweiger Land	2005
Germany	Europe	Swabian Alb	2005
Germany	Europe	Vulkaneifel	2004
Germany/Poland	Europe	Muskauer Faltenbogen / Łuk Mużakowa	2015
Greece	Europe	Lesvos	2004
Greece	Europe	Chelmos-Vouraikos	2009
Greece	Europe	Psiloritis	2004
Greece	Europe	Sitia	2015
Greece	Europe	Vikos-Aoos	2010
Greece	Europe	Kefalonia-Ithaca	2022
Hong Kong	Asia	Hong Kong	2011^[35]
Hungary	Europe	Bakony-Balaton	2012^[34]
Hungary/Slovakia	Europe	Novohrad - Nograd	2010
Iceland	Europe	Katla	2011^[35]
Iceland	Europe	Reykjanes	2015
Indonesia	Asia	Batur, Bali	2012^[34]
Indonesia	Asia	Rinjani Lombok^[39]^[40]	2018^[21]
Indonesia	Asia	Gunung Sewu, Java	2015^[41]
Indonesia	Asia	Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark^[42]	2018^[43]^[21]
Indonesia	Asia	Toba Caldera^[44]	2020^[45]
Indonesia	Asia	Belitong	2021^[46]
Indonesia	Asia	Ijen	2023^[47]
Indonesia	Asia	Maros-Pangkep	2023^[48]
Indonesia	Asia	Merangin Jambi	2023^[49]
Indonesia	Asia	Raja Ampat	2023^[50]
Iran	Asia	Qeshm Island	2017
Ireland	Europe	Burren and Cliffs of Moher	2011^[35]
Ireland	Europe	Copper Coast	2004
Ireland/United Kingdom	Europe	Marble Arch Caves	2004
Italy	Europe	Alpi Apuani	2011^[35]
Italy	Europe	Cilento and Vallo di Diano	2010
Italy	Europe	Madonie	2004
Italy	Europe	Beigua	2005
Italy	Europe	Parco Geominerario della Sardegna	2007
Italy	Europe	Pollino	2007
Italy	Europe	Adamello Brenta	2008
Italy	Europe	Rocca di Cerere	2008
Italy	Europe	Sesia - Val Grande Geopark	2013
Italy	Europe	Tuscan Mining Park	2010
Italy	Europe	Maiella	2021
Japan	Asia	Itoigawa	2009
Japan	Asia	Toya and Usu	2009
Japan	Asia	Unzen Volcanic Area	2009
Japan	Asia	San'in Kaigan	2010
Japan	Asia	Muroto	2011^[35]
Japan	Asia	Oki Islands	2013^[51]
Japan	Asia	Aso	2014^[52]
Japan	Asia	Mt. Apoi	2015
Japan	Asia	Izu Peninsula^[53]	2018^[21]
Malaysia	Asia	Langkawi	2007
Malaysia	Asia	Kinabalu	2023^[54]
Mexico	North America	Comarca Minera, Hidalgo	2017
Mexico	North America	Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca	2017
Morocco	Africa	M'Goun	2014
Netherlands	Europe	Hondsrug	2013
Nicaragua	North America	Rio Coco	2020^[28]
Norway	Europe	Gea Norvegica	2006
Norway	Europe	Magma	2010
Norway	Europe	Trollfjell	2019
Peru	South America	Colca y Volcanoes de Andagua	2019^[30]
Philippines	Asia	Bohol Island	2023^[55]
Poland/Germany	Europe	Muskauer Faltenbogen / Łuk Mużakowa	2015
Portugal	Europe	Naturtejo da Meseta Meridional	2006
Portugal	Africa	Azores	2013
Portugal	Europe	Arouca	2009
Portugal	Europe	Estrela	2020^[28]
Portugal	Europe	Terras de Cavaleiros	2015
Romania	Europe	Hateg	2005
Russian Federation	Asia	Yangan Tau	2020^[28]
Serbia	Europe	Đerdap	2020^[28]
Slovakia/Hungary	Europe	Novohrad-Nógrád	2010
Slovenia	Europe	Idrija	2013
Slovenia/Austria	Europe	Karawanken / Karavanke	2015
South Korea	Asia	Cheongsong	2017
South Korea	Asia	Hantangang	2020^[28]
South Korea	Asia	Jeju Island	2010
South Korea	Asia	Mudeungsan Area^[56]	2018^[21]
Spain	Europe	Basque Coast Geopark	2010
Spain	Europe	Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park	2006
Spain	Europe	Central Catalonia	2012^[34]
Spain	Europe	Conca de Tremp-Montsec^[57]	2018^[21]
Spain	Europe	Courel Mountains	2019^[30]
Spain	Europe	Granada	2020^[28]
Spain	Africa	El Hierro	2015
Spain	Europe	Las Loras	2017
Spain	Europe	Maestrazgo	2020^[28]
Spain	Europe	Sierra Norte de Sevilla, Andalusia	2004
Spain	Europe	Sobrarbe-Pirineos	2006
Spain	Europe	Sierras Subbeticas	2006
Spain	Europe	Villuercas Ibores Jara	2011^[35]
Spain	Africa	Lanzarote and Chinijos Islands	2015^[36]
Spain	Europe	Molina & Alto Tajo	2014
Tanzania	Africa	Ngorongoro Lengai^[58]	2018^[21]
Thailand	Asia	Satun^[59]	2018^[21]
Thailand	Asia	Nakhon Ratchasima	2023
Turkey	Asia	Kula-Salihli*	2013 (2020)^[28]
United Kingdom/Ireland	Europe	Cuilcagh Lakelands	2004
United Kingdom	Europe	North Pennines	2004
United Kingdom	Europe	Fforest Fawr	2005
United Kingdom	Europe	North West Highlands	2005
United Kingdom	Europe	English Riviera	2007
United Kingdom	Europe	Shetland	2009
United Kingdom	Europe	GeoMôn	2009
United Kingdom	Europe	Black Country	2020
Uruguay	South America	Grutas del Palacio	2013
Vietnam	Asia	Non nuoc Cao Bang^[60]	2018^[21]
Vietnam	Asia	Dong Van Karst Plateau	2010
Vietnam	Asia	Dak Nong	2020^[28]

Note * Kula Volcanic Geopark designated in 2013 was extended and renamed as Kula Salihli in 2020

Geoparks no longer in the GGN

Whilst the length of the list has grown year on year, some members drop out from time to time, either by choice or by failing the network's revalidation procedures. UNESCO Global Geoparks are given this designation for a period of four years after which the functioning and quality of each UNESCO Global Geopark is thoroughly re-examined during a revalidation process.^[61]

Country/Territory	Continent	Geopark^[A]	Year included	Ceased
United Kingdom	Europe	Lochaber	2007	2011^[62]
Germany	Europe	Mecklenburg Ice Age Landscape	2005	?
Australia	Australasia	Kanawinka	2008
Austria	Europe	Carnic Alps Geopark	2012

Notes

^ A. Names and spellings used for the elements were based on the official list as published.

References

1. "UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp)". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
2. "Statutes and Operational Guidelines of the UNESCO Global Geoparks". UNESCO Global Geoparks. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
3. "UNESCO names 18 new Global Geoparks". UNESCO. 24 May 2023.
4. UNESCO Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences
5. Global Geoparks Network
6. Application Guidelines and Self-Evaluation form for Membership in the Global Geoparks Network
7. "GEOfood: Geoparks, People, Nature and Food". Retrieved 3 March 2023.
8. "9th International Conference on UNESCO Global Geoparks". 9th International Conference on UNESCO Global Geoparks.
9. Errami, E.; Brocx, M.; Semeniuk, V. (2013). From geoheritage to geoparks: case studies from Africa and beyond. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 3–23. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10708-0_1.
10. "APGN Geoparks – Asia Pacific Geoparks Network". asiapacificgeoparks.org. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
11. "UNESCO Global Geoparks List|UNESCO". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
12. "Waitaki Whitestone Geopark | Aotearoa New Zealand". Whitestone Geopark. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
13. Jones, Cheryl (2008). "History of Geoparks". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 300 (1): 273–277. doi:10.1144/sp300.21. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 130588041.
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16. "Appalachian Geopark | Home". appalachiangeopark.wvu.edu. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
17. . web.archive.org. 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
18. "404 Page Error-Global Network of National Geoparks". {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
19. "List of Geoparks & Regional Networks". 20 January 2021.
20. "Famenne-Ardenne UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
21. UNESCO Media Services 17 April 2018
22. "ARARIPE UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK". April 13, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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25. . web.archive.org. 2024-04-13. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
26. . web.archive.org. 2024-04-13. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
27. . agenciabrasil. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on April 13, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
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29. "Percé UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
30. "Eleven sites and extensions in Asia, Europe, and South America receive UNESCO Global Geopark Label". unesco.org. UNESCO. April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
31. "Fangshan Geopark". globalgeopark.org. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
32. "Guangwushan Nuoshuihe UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
33. "Huanggang Dabieshan UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
34. UN News Centre, 21 September 2012
35. UNESCO Media Services 19 September 2011
36. "Nine new sites added to Global Geoparks Network".
37. "UNESCO designates 15 new Geoparks in Asia, Europe, and Latin America". UNESCO. 10 July 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
38. "Beaujolais UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
39. "Unesco designates Mount Rinjani as global geopark". Antara News. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
40. "Rinjani Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
41. "Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark | Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan". tic.wonogirikab.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
42. "Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
43. "Ciletuh officially declared as UNESCO Global Geopark". Antara News. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
44. "Toba Caldera Geopark" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
45. "Kaldera Toba ditetapkan sebagai UNESCO Global Geopark | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". kemlu.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
46. "Belitong recognized as UNESCO Global Geopark status | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". kemlu.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
47. "Ijen Geopark gets UNESCO Global Geopark status | Portal Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia". kemlu.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
48. "Geopark Maros-Pangkep Masuk dalam UNESCO Global Geopark | Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan". sulselprov.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
49. "Geopark Merangin Resmi Masuk UNESCO Global Geopark | Badan Penghuhung Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi". badanpenghubung.jambiprov.go.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
50. "Raja Ampat ditetapkan sebagai Global Geopark UNESCO | Republika". republika.co.id. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
51. "404 Page Error-Global Network of National Geoparks". {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
52. "404 Page Error-Global Network of National Geoparks". {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
53. "Izu Peninsula UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
54. "Kinabalu UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
55. "Bohol Island UNESCO Global Geopark | UNESCO". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
56. "Mudeungsan Area UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
57. "Conca de Tremp Montsec UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
58. "Ngorongoro Lengai UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
59. "Satun UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
60. "Non nuoc Cao Bang UNESCO Global Geopark". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
61. "Revalidation Process of UNESCO Global Geoparks". UNESCO. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
62. Lochaber loses Unesco geopark status, BBC News, 17 November 2011

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to UNESCO Global Geoparks.

 

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for UNESCO Global Geoparks Network.

• UNESCO Global Geoparks on UNESCO site
• GGN official site