Gipuzkoan (Basque: Gipuzkera; Spanish: Guipuzcoano) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in the central and eastern parts of the province of Gipuzkoa in Basque Country and also in the northernmost part of Navarre. It is a central dialect of Basque according to the traditional dialectal classification of the language based on research carried out by Lucien Bonaparte in the 19th century. He included varieties spoken in the Sakana and Burunda valleys also in the Gipuzkoan dialect, however this approach has been disputed by modern Basque linguists.
Gipuzkoan is spoken not in all of Gipuzkoa but in the area between the Deba River and the River Oiartzun. The strip of Gipuzkoa from Leintz-Gatzaga to Elgoibar is part of the Biscayan (Western) dialect area, and the River Oiartzun flowing past Errenteria outlines the border with the Upper Navarrese dialect. However, borders between Gipuzkoan and High Navarrese are gradually disappearing, as Standard Basque is beginning to blur the differences among traditional dialects, especially for younger Basques.
FeaturesEdit
Regional realizations of ⟨j⟩.
Some of the features of Gipuzkoan, as perceived by speakers of other dialect, are the following:
The grapheme⟨j⟩, which is highly variable among Basque dialects, is generally [x] (e.g. [xaˈkin] vs [ʝaˈkin], jakin).
The verb for 'to go' is pronounced jun ([ˈxun]), as opposed to the general joan ([ˈʝoan]).
The auxiliary verb forms are det, dek, dezu etc., as opposed to general Basque dut (Biscayan: dot).
Verb infinitives end with -tu, (bizitu, bialdu, etc.), frequent in central dialects, as opposed to the older -i (bizi, bi(d)ali etc.).
The root ending of nouns -a is often interpreted as an article and dropped in indefinite phrases: gauz bat vs gauza bat (transl. one thing).
The postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/ (spelled ⟨tx⟩) replaces the lamino-dental fricative /s̻/ (spelled ⟨z⟩) at the beginning of words. For example: txulo vs zulo, txuri vs zuri.
VariantsEdit
Gipuzkoan had four main variants:
The Beterri variant (from the area surrounding Tolosa, towards San Sebastián).
Gipuzkoan is one of the four dialects known as the literary dialects of Basque (Biscayan, Lapurdian, Souletin and Gipuzkoan). It was used in Basque literature from the 17th century onward, but like Souletin and Biscayan, it had only a minor role because of the Lapurdian dialect's dominance. That was because the centre of Basque literary production was in Labourd from the 16th century to most of the 18th century.
Source of Standard BasqueEdit
Gipuzkoan vocabulary was used as the main source for Standard Basque, the standardised dialect of Basque that is used in schools and the media.
Euskaltzaindia, the Royal Academy of the Basque Language
ReferencesEdit
October 15, 2023
gipuzkoan, dialect, gipuzkoan, basque, gipuzkera, spanish, guipuzcoano, dialect, basque, language, spoken, mainly, central, eastern, parts, province, gipuzkoa, basque, country, also, northernmost, part, navarre, central, dialect, basque, according, traditional. Gipuzkoan Basque Gipuzkera Spanish Guipuzcoano is a dialect of the Basque language spoken mainly in the central and eastern parts of the province of Gipuzkoa in Basque Country and also in the northernmost part of Navarre It is a central dialect of Basque according to the traditional dialectal classification of the language based on research carried out by Lucien Bonaparte in the 19th century He included varieties spoken in the Sakana and Burunda valleys also in the Gipuzkoan dialect however this approach has been disputed by modern Basque linguists GipuzkoanGipuzkeraNative toSpainRegionGipuzkoa NavarreLanguage familyBasque language isolate GipuzkoanLanguage codesISO 639 3 Glottologguip1235IETFeu u sd esss Contents 1 Area 2 Features 3 Variants 4 Historical role 5 Source of Standard Basque 6 See also 7 ReferencesArea EditGipuzkoan is spoken not in all of Gipuzkoa but in the area between the Deba River and the River Oiartzun The strip of Gipuzkoa from Leintz Gatzaga to Elgoibar is part of the Biscayan Western dialect area and the River Oiartzun flowing past Errenteria outlines the border with the Upper Navarrese dialect However borders between Gipuzkoan and High Navarrese are gradually disappearing as Standard Basque is beginning to blur the differences among traditional dialects especially for younger Basques Features Edit nbsp Regional realizations of j Some of the features of Gipuzkoan as perceived by speakers of other dialect are the following The grapheme j which is highly variable among Basque dialects is generally x e g xaˈkin vs ʝaˈkin jakin The verb for to go is pronounced jun ˈxun as opposed to the general joan ˈʝoan The auxiliary verb forms are det dek dezu etc as opposed to general Basque dut Biscayan dot Verb infinitives end with tu bizitu bialdu etc frequent in central dialects as opposed to the older i bizi bi d ali etc The root ending of nouns a is often interpreted as an article and dropped in indefinite phrases gauz bat vs gauza bat transl one thing The postalveolar affricate t ʃ spelled tx replaces the lamino dental fricative s spelled z at the beginning of words For example txulo vs zulo txuri vs zuri Variants EditGipuzkoan had four main variants The Beterri variant from the area surrounding Tolosa towards San Sebastian The Goierri variant The Urola variant from Zarautz to Mutriku Navarrese Gipuzkoan Burunda Echarri Aranaz Historical role EditGipuzkoan is one of the four dialects known as the literary dialects of Basque Biscayan Lapurdian Souletin and Gipuzkoan It was used in Basque literature from the 17th century onward but like Souletin and Biscayan it had only a minor role because of the Lapurdian dialect s dominance That was because the centre of Basque literary production was in Labourd from the 16th century to most of the 18th century Source of Standard Basque EditGipuzkoan vocabulary was used as the main source for Standard Basque the standardised dialect of Basque that is used in schools and the media See also EditBasque dialects Batua Standard Basque Euskaltzaindia the Royal Academy of the Basque LanguageReferences Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gipuzkoan dialect amp oldid 1124192290, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
