Freycinetia arborea
Freycinetia arborea, ʻIeʻie, is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to the Pacific Islands. ʻIeʻie is found in moist forest on the Hawaiian, Marquesas, Austral, Society, and Cook Islands. It grows into the forest canopy, attaching itself to a host tree using aerial roots.[2] It may also grow as a sprawling tangle on the forest floor.[3] The shiny green leaves have pointed ends and are spiny on the lower side of the midrib and along the edges.[4] Leaves measure 40–80 centimetres (16–31 in) long and 1–3 centimetres (0.39–1.18 in) wide, and are spirally arranged around the ends of branches. Flowers form on spike-like inflorescences at the end of branches, and are either staminate or pistillate. Staminate spikes are yellowish-white and up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in length. Pistillate spikes are 3–4 centimetres (1.2–1.6 in) but elongate to 7.5–9.5 centimetres (3.0–3.7 in) once fruit are produced. Three to four spikes are surrounded by orange-salmon bracts. Fruit is 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long and contains many 1.5-millimetre (0.059 in) seeds.[2] The bracts and fruit of the ʻieʻie were a favorite food of the ʻōʻū (Psittirostra psittacea), an extinct Hawaiian honeycreeper that was formerly a principal seed dispersal vector for plants with small seeded, fleshy fruits in low elevation forests.[5] It is also a favored food of the ʻalalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), which is currently extinct in the wild.[6]
| ʻIeʻie | |
|---|---|
| ʻIeʻie fruit | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Pandanales |
| Family: | Pandanaceae |
| Genus: | Freycinetia |
| Species: | F. arborea |
| Binomial name | |
| Freycinetia arborea | |
Uses edit
Native Hawaiians plaited ʻieʻie into hīnaʻi hoʻomoe iʻa (fish baskets), hīnaʻi hoʻoluʻuluʻu (fish traps).[3] The vine (or rather the split aerial roots) also became the framework for helmets worn by the aliʻi (mahiole iʻe).[3][7]
See also edit
- Kiekie - a related species from New Zealand.
References edit
- ^ "Freycinetia arborea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ a b "Freycinetia arborea". Meet the Plants. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ a b c "ieie, ie". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ Menninger, Edwin Arnold (1967). Fantastic Trees. New York City: Viking Press. Cited by Schmidt RJ in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database under Freycinetia arborea
- ^ "ʻŌʻū" (PDF). Hawaii's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. State of Hawaiʻi. 2005-10-01. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ "Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the ʻAlalā (Corvus hawaiiensis)" (PDF). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. October 2003. p. 8.
- ^ Harger, Barbara (1983). "Dress and Adornment of Pre-European Hawaiians". National Meeting Proceedings. Association of College Professors of Textiles and Clothing: 10–11.
- "Known distribution in Hawaii of Freycinetia arborea". Plants of Hawaii Statewide Distribution Maps. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk. Retrieved 2007-05-16.