The freshwater whitefish are fishes of the subfamily Coregoninae, which contains whitefishes (both freshwater and anadromous) and ciscoes, and is one of three subfamilies in the salmon family Salmonidae.[1][2] Apart from the subfamily Coregoninae, the family Salmonidae includes the salmon, trout, and char species of the subfamily Salmoninae, and grayling species of the subfamily Thymallinae.[1][3] Freshwater whitefish are distributed mainly in relatively cool waters throughout the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
The Coregoninae subfamily consists of three nominal genera:[4]
CoregonusLinnaeus, 1758 – whitefishes and ciscoes, which according to some authors number more than 60 species.[5] There are differing opinions on the classification of some species within the genus and the overall number of species.[2] Some species in Arctic regions of Asia and North America forage in marine waters.[2]
Prosopium Jordan, 1878 – round whitefishes, which includes six species, three of which occur only in a single lake.[2][6]
StenodusRichardson, 1836 – inconnus, which includes two species, sometimes considered a single species with two subspecies.[7] Phylogenetically, Stenodus is not distinct from Coregonus.[8]
In their ecosystems, whitefish tend to be some of the largest fish and occupy niches as benthic predators.[11] The recent invasion of several invasive species,[12] including the sea lamprey and zebra mussels,[11] has begun to pose a threat to the whitefish population by disrupting historic ecological relationships and prey distribution.[13] This has been exacerbated by other changes to their habitat such as changes in land use, climate change,[12] and the introduction of outside nutrients through runoff.[13]
Whitefish as foodedit
Lox, smoked whitefish, cream cheese, and bagels
Freshwater whitefish is known for its mild flavor and high omega-3 fatty acid content.[14] It is generally favored by those who dislike stronger fishy taste and is a common choice for fish fries.[14] Lake whitefish is one of the most commonly consumed varieties of freshwater whitefish.[14] It is especially popular in the Great Lakes region, where it can frequently be found, usually grilled or fried, as a popular offering in many restaurants. Smoked whitefish is locally produced as well. Many freshwater whitefish species have also made up an important component of the traditional diets of many indigenous people who have historically inhabited its range.[15][16] Other varieties of smoked freshwater whitefish are sold in delicatessens and eaten as part of Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, either filleted[17][18] or made into whitefish salad.[19][20]
Use by indigenous peoplesedit
Lake whitefish, adikameg in Ojibwe, has historically been a staple food for the Anishinaabe,[21] a diverse group of tribes native to the North American Midwest.[16] In recent years, following several legal battles which restored the ability of native peoples to exercise their right to hunt and gather,[21] whitefish has become a major resource for those communities. Native Alaskan communities also gather whitefish, specifically the inconnu (or sheefish), as a subsistence food.[15]
Evolution due to human interactionedit
There are a multitude of species of freshwater whitefish, some are more valued economically than others. Fishing for markets is not uncommon for species such as Coregonus widegreni and Coregonus lavaretus. At the time, there was an increase in younger groups of C. widegreni because when fishing, humans only wanted the larger fish which ended up being the oldest.[22]
Referencesedit
^ abNuttall, Mark (12 November 2012). Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge. p. 1834. ISBN978-1-57958-436-8.
^ abcdBehnke, Robert J (6 July 2010). Trout and Salmon of North America (1st ed.). New York: The Free Press, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc. pp. 335–340. ISBN978-1-4516-0355-2.
^"Taxonomic information for Inconnus (Stenodus)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
^Bernatchez, L; Colombani, F; Dodson, JJ (1991). "Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamily Coregoninae as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis" (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 39: 283–290. Bibcode:1991JFBio..39S.283B. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb05091.x. ISSN 0022-1112.
^David, Lorre R. (1946). "Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California". Contributions to Paleontology. IV.
^ abErgas, S.J.; Aponte-Morales, V. (2014), "Biological Nitrogen Removal", Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Elsevier, pp. 123–149, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382182-9.00047-5, ISBN978-0-12-382183-6, retrieved 2022-04-26
^ abRenik, Kathryn M.; Jennings, Martin J.; Kampa, Jeffrey M.; Lyons, John; Parks, Timothy P.; Sass, Greg G. (2020-08-20). "Status and Distribution of Cisco (Coregonus artedi) and Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Inland Lakes of Wisconsin". Northeastern Naturalist. 27 (3): 469. doi:10.1656/045.027.0307. ISSN 1092-6194. S2CID 222001614.
^ abBorvinskaya, E.V.; Sukhovskaya, I.V.; Vasil’eva, O.B.; Nazarova, M.A.; Smirnov, L.P.; Svetov, S.A.; Krutskikh, N.V. (2017-02-08). "Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) Response to Varying Potassium and Sodium Concentrations: A Model of Mining Water Toxic Response". Mine Water and the Environment. 36 (3): 393–400. Bibcode:2017MWE....36..393B. doi:10.1007/s10230-016-0426-0. ISSN 1025-9112. S2CID 99067213.
freshwater, whitefish, freshwater, whitefish, fishes, subfamily, coregoninae, which, contains, whitefishes, both, freshwater, anadromous, ciscoes, three, subfamilies, salmon, family, salmonidae, apart, from, subfamily, coregoninae, family, salmonidae, includes. The freshwater whitefish are fishes of the subfamily Coregoninae which contains whitefishes both freshwater and anadromous and ciscoes and is one of three subfamilies in the salmon family Salmonidae 1 2 Apart from the subfamily Coregoninae the family Salmonidae includes the salmon trout and char species of the subfamily Salmoninae and grayling species of the subfamily Thymallinae 1 3 Freshwater whitefish are distributed mainly in relatively cool waters throughout the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere Freshwater whitefishTemporal range Late Eocene present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Bloater Coregonus hoyi Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family Salmonidae Subfamily CoregoninaeBonaparte 1845 Genera Coregonus Prosopium Stenodus Beckius Parastenodus Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Niche 3 Whitefish as food 4 Use by indigenous peoples 5 Evolution due to human interaction 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe Coregoninae subfamily consists of three nominal genera 4 Coregonus Linnaeus 1758 whitefishes and ciscoes which according to some authors number more than 60 species 5 There are differing opinions on the classification of some species within the genus and the overall number of species 2 Some species in Arctic regions of Asia and North America forage in marine waters 2 Prosopium Jordan 1878 round whitefishes which includes six species three of which occur only in a single lake 2 6 Stenodus Richardson 1836 inconnus which includes two species sometimes considered a single species with two subspecies 7 Phylogenetically Stenodus is not distinct from Coregonus 8 Two fossil genera Beckius David 1946 and Parastenodus David 1946 are also known both only from isolated scales from the Late Eocene or early Oligocene Kreyenhagen Shale of the San Joaquin Valley California 9 10 Niche editIn their ecosystems whitefish tend to be some of the largest fish and occupy niches as benthic predators 11 The recent invasion of several invasive species 12 including the sea lamprey and zebra mussels 11 has begun to pose a threat to the whitefish population by disrupting historic ecological relationships and prey distribution 13 This has been exacerbated by other changes to their habitat such as changes in land use climate change 12 and the introduction of outside nutrients through runoff 13 Whitefish as food edit nbsp Lox smoked whitefish cream cheese and bagels Freshwater whitefish is known for its mild flavor and high omega 3 fatty acid content 14 It is generally favored by those who dislike stronger fishy taste and is a common choice for fish fries 14 Lake whitefish is one of the most commonly consumed varieties of freshwater whitefish 14 It is especially popular in the Great Lakes region where it can frequently be found usually grilled or fried as a popular offering in many restaurants Smoked whitefish is locally produced as well Many freshwater whitefish species have also made up an important component of the traditional diets of many indigenous people who have historically inhabited its range 15 16 Other varieties of smoked freshwater whitefish are sold in delicatessens and eaten as part of Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine either filleted 17 18 or made into whitefish salad 19 20 Use by indigenous peoples editLake whitefish adikameg in Ojibwe has historically been a staple food for the Anishinaabe 21 a diverse group of tribes native to the North American Midwest 16 In recent years following several legal battles which restored the ability of native peoples to exercise their right to hunt and gather 21 whitefish has become a major resource for those communities Native Alaskan communities also gather whitefish specifically the inconnu or sheefish as a subsistence food 15 Evolution due to human interaction editThere are a multitude of species of freshwater whitefish some are more valued economically than others Fishing for markets is not uncommon for species such as Coregonus widegreni and Coregonus lavaretus At the time there was an increase in younger groups of C widegreni because when fishing humans only wanted the larger fish which ended up being the oldest 22 References edit a b Nuttall Mark 12 November 2012 Encyclopedia of the Arctic Routledge p 1834 ISBN 978 1 57958 436 8 a b c d Behnke Robert J 6 July 2010 Trout and Salmon of North America 1st ed New York The Free Press a division of Simon amp Schuster Inc pp 335 340 ISBN 978 1 4516 0355 2 Salmonidae Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 5 January 2014 Coregoninae Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 5 January 2014 Coregonus Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 5 January 2014 Prosopium Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 5 January 2014 Taxonomic information for Inconnus Stenodus Encyclopedia of Life Retrieved 5 January 2014 Bernatchez L Colombani F Dodson JJ 1991 Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamily Coregoninae as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis PDF Journal of Fish Biology 39 283 290 Bibcode 1991JFBio 39S 283B doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1991 tb05091 x ISSN 0022 1112 David Lorre R 1946 Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California Contributions to Paleontology IV PBDB Taxon paleobiodb org Retrieved 2024 04 17 a b Ergas S J Aponte Morales V 2014 Biological Nitrogen Removal Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification Elsevier pp 123 149 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 382182 9 00047 5 ISBN 978 0 12 382183 6 retrieved 2022 04 26 a b Renik Kathryn M Jennings Martin J Kampa Jeffrey M Lyons John Parks Timothy P Sass Greg G 2020 08 20 Status and Distribution of Cisco Coregonus artedi and Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Inland Lakes of Wisconsin Northeastern Naturalist 27 3 469 doi 10 1656 045 027 0307 ISSN 1092 6194 S2CID 222001614 a b Borvinskaya E V Sukhovskaya I V Vasil eva O B Nazarova M A Smirnov L P Svetov S A Krutskikh N V 2017 02 08 Whitefish Coregonus lavaretus Response to Varying Potassium and Sodium Concentrations A Model of Mining Water Toxic Response Mine Water and the Environment 36 3 393 400 Bibcode 2017MWE 36 393B doi 10 1007 s10230 016 0426 0 ISSN 1025 9112 S2CID 99067213 a b c Lake Whitefish Eat Wisconsin Fish Retrieved 2022 04 26 a b Baker Timothy T Sands Tim West Fred Westing Charlotte eds 2009 Pacific Salmon Ecology and Management of Western Alaska s Populations American Fisheries Society doi 10 47886 9781934874110 ch44 ISBN 978 1 934874 11 0 retrieved 2022 04 26 a b Kuhnlein H V 2017 Traditional Animal Foods of Indigenous Peoples of North America Achitoff Gray Niki September 2014 Lox Whitefish and Beyond An Introduction to Appetizing Serious Eats Retrieved March 3 2017 Federman Niki Russ October 2015 The Russ amp Daughters Guide to Smoked amp Cured Fish Lucky Peach Retrieved March 4 2017 Avey Tori February 2011 Whitefish Salad Tori Avey Retrieved March 3 2017 Kapadia Jess April 29 2013 Whitefish Salad The Bagel s Secret Lover Food Republic Retrieved March 3 2017 a b GLIFWC Lifting Nets Gurnoe Decision video www youtube com Retrieved 2022 04 26 Kallio Nyberg Irma Veneranta Lari Saloniemi Irma Jokikokko Erkki Leskela Ari March 12 2019 Different growth trends of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus forms in the northern Baltic Sea Journal of Applied Ichthyology 35 3 683 691 Bibcode 2019JApIc 35 683K doi 10 1111 jai 13898 via Wiley External links edit Whitefish New International Encyclopedia 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Freshwater whitefish amp oldid 1219346477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
