Sir Francis DarwinFLSFRSFRSE[1] (16 August 1848 – 19 September 1925) was a British botanist. He was the third son of the naturalist and scientist Charles Darwin.[2]
Francis Darwin was born in Down House, Downe, Kent in 1848. He was the third son and seventh child of Charles Darwin and his wife Emma Wedgwood. He was educated at Clapham Grammar School.[3]
Darwin was married three times and widowed twice. First he married Amy Richenda Ruck in 1874, but she died in 1876 four days after the birth of their son Bernard Darwin, who was later to become a golf writer. In September 1883 he married Ellen Wordsworth Crofts (1856–1903) and they had a daughter Frances Crofts Darwin (1886–1960), a poet who married the poet Francis Cornford and became known under her married name. His third wife was Florence Henrietta Fisher, daughter of Herbert William Fisher and widow of Frederic William Maitland, whom he married in 1913, the year in which he was knighted. Her sister Adeline Fisher was the first wife of Darwin's double first cousin once removed Ralph Vaughan Williams.
Francis Darwin worked with his father on experiments dealing with plant movements, specifically phototropism. They co-authored The Power of Movement in Plants (1880) and Francis Darwin published a second expanded edition of Insectivorous Plants (1888) after his father's death.[5] Their experiments showed that the coleoptile of a young grass seedling directs its growth toward the light by comparing the responses of seedlings with covered and uncovered coleoptiles. These observations would later lead to the discovery of auxin.
He is buried in Cambridge.[8] His daughter, Frances Cornford, was later buried with him.
Family
His first wife, Amy Ruck, died in 1876, a few days after the birth of her son Bernard, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Corris, North Wales.[9] According to a letter written by Charles Darwin to his close friend, Joseph Dalton Hooker: " I never saw anyone suffer so much as poor Frank. He has gone to N. Wales to bury the body in a little church-yard amongst the mountains".
He married his second wife, Ellen Wordsworth Crofts, in 1883. She was a Fellow and lecturer at Newnham College. She was a member of the Ladies Dining Society in Cambridge, together with 11 other members. She died in 1903, and is buried in the churchyard of St. Andrew's Church, Girton.
^ ab"Obituary Notices". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 110 (768): i–c. 1932. doi:10.1098/rspb.1932.0031.
^"Sir Francis Darwin (1848–1925)". Nature. 162 (4111): 248. 1 August 1948. doi:10.1038/162248a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4120050.
^ abC D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006). (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN090219884X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
^"Darwin, Francis (DRWN866F)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^Schaefer, John R. (28 October 2021). "From Poetry to Pulp Fiction: Carnivorous Plants in Popular Culture". Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
^"2 Dec. 1875. Darwin, Francis, M.B. Down, Beckenham, Kent." in: The Linnean Society of London: List of the Linnean Society of London, 1876. [London:] Printed by Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. p.10.
^A Guide to Churchill College, Cambridge: text by Dr. Mark Goldie, pages 62 and 63 (2009)
^"Review of The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including an Autobiographical Chapter, ed. by Francis Darwin, 3 vols., 1887". The Quarterly Review: 1–30. January 1888.
Browne, E. Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN0-7126-6837-3.
Further reading
Ayres, Peter. "The Aliveness of Plants: The Darwins at the Dawn of Plant Science" London: PIckering & Chatto, 2008. ISBN978-1-85196-970-8
francis, darwin, physician, traveller, francis, sacheverel, darwin, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, . For the physician and traveller see Francis Sacheverel Darwin This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Francis Darwin news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sir Francis Darwin FLS FRS FRSE 1 16 August 1848 19 September 1925 was a British botanist He was the third son of the naturalist and scientist Charles Darwin 2 SirFrancis DarwinFLS FRS FRSEBorn16 August 1848Down House Downe Kent EnglandDied19 September 1925 aged 77 Cambridge EnglandNationalityBritishKnown forPhototropismScientific careerFieldsBotanyInfluencesCharles Darwin Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Publications 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksBiography Edit Francis Darwin in 1910 Francis Darwin was born in Down House Downe Kent in 1848 He was the third son and seventh child of Charles Darwin and his wife Emma Wedgwood He was educated at Clapham Grammar School 3 He then went to Trinity College Cambridge first studying mathematics then changing to natural sciences graduating in 1870 He then went to study medicine at St George s Medical School London earning an MB in 1875 but did not practise medicine 4 Darwin was married three times and widowed twice First he married Amy Richenda Ruck in 1874 but she died in 1876 four days after the birth of their son Bernard Darwin who was later to become a golf writer In September 1883 he married Ellen Wordsworth Crofts 1856 1903 and they had a daughter Frances Crofts Darwin 1886 1960 a poet who married the poet Francis Cornford and became known under her married name His third wife was Florence Henrietta Fisher daughter of Herbert William Fisher and widow of Frederic William Maitland whom he married in 1913 the year in which he was knighted Her sister Adeline Fisher was the first wife of Darwin s double first cousin once removed Ralph Vaughan Williams Francis Darwin worked with his father on experiments dealing with plant movements specifically phototropism They co authored The Power of Movement in Plants 1880 and Francis Darwin published a second expanded edition of Insectivorous Plants 1888 after his father s death 5 Their experiments showed that the coleoptile of a young grass seedling directs its growth toward the light by comparing the responses of seedlings with covered and uncovered coleoptiles These observations would later lead to the discovery of auxin Darwin was nominated by his father to the Linnean Society of London in 1875 6 and was elected as a Fellow of the Society on 2 December 1875 7 He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 8 June 1882 1 the same year in which his father died Darwin edited The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1887 and produced some books of letters from the correspondence of Charles Darwin The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin 1887 and More Letters of Charles Darwin 1905 He also edited Thomas Huxley s On the Reception of the Origin of Species 1887 Cambridge University awarded him an honorary doctorate DSc in 1909 He also received honorary doctorates from Dublin Liverpool Sheffield Brussels St Andrews Upsala and Prague He was knighted in 1913 3 He is buried in Cambridge 8 His daughter Frances Cornford was later buried with him Family EditHis first wife Amy Ruck died in 1876 a few days after the birth of her son Bernard and was buried in Holy Trinity Church Corris North Wales 9 According to a letter written by Charles Darwin to his close friend Joseph Dalton Hooker I never saw anyone suffer so much as poor Frank He has gone to N Wales to bury the body in a little church yard amongst the mountains He married his second wife Ellen Wordsworth Crofts in 1883 She was a Fellow and lecturer at Newnham College She was a member of the Ladies Dining Society in Cambridge together with 11 other members She died in 1903 and is buried in the churchyard of St Andrew s Church Girton In 1913 he married his third wife Lady Florence Henrietta Fisher the widow of Frederic William Maitland She died in 1920 and is interred in the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground Cambridge opposite the grave of Sir Francis Darwin and his daughter Frances Cornford citation needed Publications EditLife and Letters of Charles Darwin 1880 revised 2nd edition 1887 10 2nd printing of revised edition 1888 The Power of Movement in Plants 1880 The Practical Physiology of Plants 1894 Elements of Botany 1895 Rustic Sounds and Other Studies in Literature and Natural History 1917 See also EditDorothea Pertz with whom he coauthored five papersReferences Edit a b Obituary Notices Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 110 768 i c 1932 doi 10 1098 rspb 1932 0031 Sir Francis Darwin 1848 1925 Nature 162 4111 248 1 August 1948 doi 10 1038 162248a0 ISSN 1476 4687 S2CID 4120050 a b C D Waterston A Macmillan Shearer July 2006 Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 2002 Part 1 A J PDF Royal Society of Edinburgh ISBN 090219884X Archived from the original PDF on 24 January 2013 Retrieved 18 September 2015 Darwin Francis DRWN866F A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge Schaefer John R 28 October 2021 From Poetry to Pulp Fiction Carnivorous Plants in Popular Culture Biodiversity Heritage Library Retrieved 16 March 2022 Browne 2002 p 434 2 Dec 1875 Darwin Francis M B Down Beckenham Kent in The Linnean Society of London List of the Linnean Society of London 1876 London Printed by Taylor and Francis Red Lion Court Fleet Street p 10 A Guide to Churchill College Cambridge text by Dr Mark Goldie pages 62 and 63 2009 The Correspondence of Charles Darwin Review of The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin including an Autobiographical Chapter ed by Francis Darwin 3 vols 1887 The Quarterly Review 1 30 January 1888 Browne E Janet 2002 Charles Darwin vol 2 The Power of Place London Jonathan Cape ISBN 0 7126 6837 3 Further reading EditAyres Peter The Aliveness of Plants The Darwins at the Dawn of Plant Science London PIckering amp Chatto 2008 ISBN 978 1 85196 970 8 Darwin Francis Sacheverell 1927 Travels in Spain and the East 1808 1810 Cambridge University press reissued by Cambridge University Press 2009 ISBN 978 1 108 00431 2 External links Edit Wikisource has original works by or about Francis Darwin Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis Darwin Works by Francis Darwin at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Francis Darwin at Internet Archive Works by Francis Darwin at LibriVox public domain audiobooks Archival material relating to Francis Darwin UK National Archives Francis Darwin at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francis Darwin amp oldid 1132052917, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
