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Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse

January 20, 2023

Ernest Louis
Photograph by Jacob Hilsdorf, 1905
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Reign13 March 1892 – 9 November 1918
PredecessorLouis IV
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Born(1868-11-25)25 November 1868
New Palace, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse
Died9 October 1937(1937-10-09) (aged 68)
Schloss Wolfsgarten, Langen, Hesse, Nazi Germany
Burial
Neues Mausoleum, Park Rosenhöhe, Darmstadt, Germany
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1894; div. 1901)​

Issue
Names
Ernest Louis Charles Albert William
German: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm
HouseHesse-Darmstadt
FatherLouis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
MotherPrincess Alice of the United Kingdom

Ernest Louis (German: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm; 25 November 1868 – 9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 1892 until 1918.[1]

Early life

 
Ernest in 1879 with his grandmother Queen Victoria and sisters Victoria, Elizabeth, Irene and Alix two months after the deaths of their mother and youngest sister. All are wearing mourning clothes.

Ernest Louis was the elder son of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was named Louis after his father. His nickname was "Ernie". One of seven siblings, two of whom died in childhood, Ernest grew up with his four surviving sisters in Darmstadt. One of his younger sisters, Alexandra, would marry Tsar Nicholas II, the last Emperor of Russia, while another sister, Victoria Mountbatten, would be the mother of Queen Louise of Sweden, Louis Mountbatten and Princess Alice of Battenberg, who was the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Ernest Louis grew up in a loving household, with parents who demonstrated their affection for their children, something not typical for that social stratum in those days. He grew much attached to his parents and siblings, and it was his misfortune that he was fated to witness several deaths among them during his childhood. When he was five, his only brother Prince Friedrich died. The two boys had been playing a game when the younger boy, who suffered from haemophilia, fell through a window onto the balcony twenty feet below.[2] Ernest Louis was inconsolable. "When I die, you must die too, and all the others. Why can't we all die together? I don't want to die alone, like Frittie," he told his nurse.[3] To his mother he said, "I dreamt that I was dead and was gone up to Heaven, and there I asked God to let me have Frittie again and he came to me and took my hand."[4]

In 1878, when Ernest was ten, an epidemic of diphtheria swept through Darmstadt. His father and all the children, except Elisabeth, who was visiting her paternal grandmother, fell ill.[5] Princess Alice cared for her sick husband and children, but on 16 November, the youngest of them, Princess Marie, died. Alice kept the news from her family for several weeks, until Ernest Louis, who was devoted to little Marie, asked for his sister. When his mother revealed Marie's death, Ernest Louis was overcome with grief. In comforting her grieving son, Alice kissed him.[6] She fell ill within a week, and died on 14 December, the anniversary of her own father's death.[7][8]

Marriages

First marriage

On 19 April 1894, at Schloss Ehrenburg, Ernest Louis married his maternal first cousin, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ("Ducky"), the daughter of his mother's brother, Prince Alfred. The match was actively encouraged by their mutual grandmother, Queen Victoria, who attended the wedding. At the wedding, Ernest's youngest surviving sister, Alix, became engaged to marry Tsarevich Nicholas of Russia, and the excitement of that imminent match threw the nuptial celebrations into the shade.[9]

 
Ernest was still devastated by the memory of his daughter's death thirty years later. "My little Elisabeth," he wrote in his memoirs, "was the sunshine of my life."[10]

Ernest and Victoria Melita had two children:

  • a daughter, Elisabeth (11 March 1895 – 16 November 1903). Her early death at age 8 of typhoid fever greatly devastated her father who wrote "My little Elisabeth" in his memoirs "was the sunshine of my life" 30 years after her death.[11]
  • stillborn son on 25 May 1900.

Ernest and Victoria entertained in style, frequently holding house parties for young friends (anybody above 30 was deemed "too old" by Victoria), dispensing with formality on those occasions to indulge in fun and frolic; Victoria's cousin Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark remembered one stay with them as having been "the jolliest, merriest house party to which I have ever been in my life."[12] These revelries were more in keeping with Victoria's inclinations than Ernest's. Their marriage was unhappy due to differences in temperament and attitude. Fond as she was of revelry, Victoria was less enthusiastic about fulfilling her public role. She avoided answering letters, put off visits to elderly relations whose company she did not enjoy, and talked to people who amused her at official functions while ignoring people of higher social or official standing whom she found boring.[13] Victoria's inattention to her duties provoked quarrels with Ernest. The young couple had loud arguments which sometimes turned physical. The volatile Victoria shouted, threw tea trays, smashed china against the wall, and tossed anything that was handy at Ernest during their arguments.[13]

Queen Victoria was saddened when she heard of the trouble in the marriage from Sir George Buchanan, her chargé d'affaires at Darmstadt, but because of their daughter, Elisabeth, she refused to consider permitting her grandchildren to divorce. Ernest also held off from divorce mainly for this reason. He adored his daughter to distraction and lavished his time and attention on her. The child reciprocated her father's affection, preferred the company of her father to that of her mother.[14] Meanwhile, all efforts to rekindle the marriage failed; Victoria took to spending most of the year in the south of France, spending vast sums in expenses and at the card-tables in Monte Carlo. When Queen Victoria died in January 1901, significant opposition to the end of the marriage was removed.[15] The couple were divorced 21 December 1901 on grounds of "invincible mutual antipathy" by a special verdict of the Supreme Court of Hesse. After the divorce had come through, Victoria told some close relatives that Ernest was a homosexual.[16][17] Apparently, she had caught her husband in bed with a male servant when, in 1897, she returned home from a visit to her sister Queen Marie of Romania. She did not make her accusation public, but told her sister that "no boy was safe, from the stable hands to the kitchen help. He slept quite openly with them all."[18][19] Victoria later married another first cousin, this time on her mother's side, while Ernest married Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich.

Second marriage

Ernest Louis remarried in Darmstadt, on 2 February 1905, to Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (17 September 1871 – 16 November 1937).[20] This marriage proved harmonious and happy. The couple had two sons:

In addition to his marriage, Ernest Louis maintained a close friendship with the bisexual Karl August Lingner, the inventor of Odol, one of the first liquid mouthwashes.[26] When Lingner died of tongue cancer, he bequeathed Tarasp Castle in Switzerland to Ernest Louis. However, the Hesse family never lived in it, and it was sold in 2016.

Grand Duke of Hesse

In 1892, Ernest Louis succeeded his father as grand duke.

Throughout his life, Ernest Louis was a patron of the arts,[27] founding the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, and was himself an author of poems, plays, essays, and piano compositions.

Ernest Louis commissioned the New Mausoleum in 1903. It was consecrated on 3 November 1910, in the presence of the Grand Duke and his immediate family, that is to say, his wife Eleonore, Tsar Nicholas II and his two sisters, the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna (Ella), Victoria, Princess Louis of Battenberg and her daughter, Louise, and Princess Heinrich of Prussia accompanied by her husband. The remains of Grand Duke Ludwig IV, Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine along with their children 'Frittie' and 'May' were re-interred in the New Mausoleum.[28]

First World War

 
Ernest Louis in 1917, as officer during the First World War.

During World War I, Ernest Louis served as a general of the infantry at Kaiser Wilhelm's headquarters. In February, 1917, the February Revolution in Russia forced his brother-in-law, Tsar Nicholas II, to abdicate. Sixteen months later, in July 1918, his two sisters in Russia, Elizabeth, the widow of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, and Alexandra, the wife of Nicholas II, were murdered by the Bolsheviks, Alexandra dying alongside her husband and children. At the end of the war, he lost his throne during the revolution of 1918, after refusing to abdicate.[29]

Death

In October 1937, Ernest Louis died after a long illness at Schloß Wolfsgarten, near Darmstadt. He received what amounted to a state funeral on 16 November 1937 and was buried next to his daughter, Elisabeth, in a new open air burial ground next to the New Mausoleum he had built in the Rosenhöhe park in Darmstadt.[30]

Honours

He received the following orders and decorations:[31]

German honours
Foreign honours

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ "EX-RULER OF HESSE DEAD IN GERMANY; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig Was Ousted in 1918 After Reign Praised for Its Wisdom". The New York Times. 10 October 1937. p. 29. Retrieved 8 December 2008. Paid subscription required to read the full article.
  2. ^ Packard, p. 161
  3. ^ Ridley, Jane (3 December 2013). The Heir Apparent: A Life of Edward VII, the Playboy Prince. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-9475-9.
  4. ^ Sell, K. (2003). Alice, Grand Duchess Of Hesse. Рипол Классик. ISBN 978-5-87444-192-0.
  5. ^ Packard, p. 166
  6. ^ Noel, p. 239
  7. ^ "Death of the Grand Duchess of Hesse". The Times. 16 December 1878.
  8. ^ Packard, p. 167
  9. ^ "Carl Backofen (1853-1909) - Group photograph taken during the wedding celebrations of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  10. ^ Van der Kiste, John. Princess Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, 1876–1936, p. 64, Sutton Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-86299-815-8
  11. ^ Van der Kiste, John. Princess Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, 1876–1936, p. 64, Sutton Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-86299-815-8
  12. ^ Sullivan, p. 148
  13. ^ a b Sullivan, p. 152
  14. ^ Sullivan, pp. 217–218
  15. ^ See Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  16. ^ Röhl, John C. G. R "Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941", Cambridge University Press, p534
  17. ^ Cockfield, Jamie H."White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich", p61
  18. ^ Terence Elsberry, Marie of Romania, St. Martin's Press, 1972, p.62
  19. ^ Sullivan, p. 182
  20. ^ "Hills & Saunders (1852 to date) - Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse (1868-1937) when Prince of Hesse". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  21. ^ Mitterrand, Frédéric (1999). Mémoires d'exil (in French). Robert Laffont. pp. 104–105, 333. ISBN 978-2-221-09023-7.
  22. ^ Vickers, Hugo (2000). Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece. Hamish Hamilton. pp. 352, 272–273. ISBN 978-0-241-13686-7.
  23. ^ Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). "Cecilia de Grecia, gran duquesa heredera de Hesse y del Rhin". La Familia de la Reina Sofía: La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa (in Spanish). La Esfera de los Libros. pp. 284, 299–302. ISBN 978-84-9734-195-0.
  24. ^ Beéche, Arturo E.; Miller, Ilana D. (2020). The Grand Ducal House of Hesse. Eurohistory. ISBN 978-1944207083.
  25. ^ Petropoulos, Jonathan (2006). Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany. Oxford University Press. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-19-533927-7.
  26. ^ Funke, Ulf-Norbert "Leben und Wirken von Karl August Lingner: Lingners Weg vom Handlungsgehilfen zum Grossindustriellen", Diplomica Verlag GmbH, 2014
  27. ^ Stopes, Charlotte C. (10 May 1914). "ART AT HOME AND ABROAD; American Paintings at Reinhardt Galleries – Sale of Modern Pictures in Paris – Important Art Exhibitions Abroad" (PDF). The New York Times. pp. SM11. Retrieved 8 December 2008. See section titled Two Important Art Exhibitions in Darmstadt (Hesse) Under the Patronage of the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt
  28. ^ Christopher Warwick, author of the biography of Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna, entitled 'Ella Princess, Saint & Martyr' published in hardback the United Kingdom by John Wiley & Sons.
  29. ^ "TWO MORE RULERS GIVE UP THRONE; Republics Proclaimed in Wurttemburg and Hesse—Ducal Lands Seized" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 November 1918. p. 1. Retrieved 8 December 2008. Hesse mentioned toward the middle of the article
  30. ^ Grand Duchy of Hesse[permanent dead link] website, discussing burials of the grand ducal family (Retrieved 8 December 2008).
  31. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1912/13), Genealogy pp. 1–2
  32. ^ "Orden Stern von Brabant – Ehrenkreuz 1. Klasse mit Krone". www.ehrenzeichen-orden.de (in German). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  33. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 63, 77
  34. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1908), "Königliche-Orden" p. 8
  35. ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
  36. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
  37. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1900). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
  39. ^ Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato
  40. ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 212
  41. ^ Shaw, p. 69
  42. ^ Shaw, p. 415

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse.
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
Cadet branch of the House of Hesse
Born: 25 November 1868 Died: 9 October 1937
Regnal titles
Preceded by Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1892–1918 		Vacant
Political offices
Preceded byas Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Head of State of Hesse-Darmstadt
1892–1918 		Succeeded byas President of the People's State of Hesse
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
 — TITULAR —
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1918–1937 		Succeeded by

January 20, 2023
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ernest LouisPhotograph by Jacob Hilsdorf 1905Grand Duke of Hesse and by RhineReign13 March 1892 9 November 1918PredecessorLouis IVSuccessorMonarchy abolishedBorn 1868 11 25 25 November 1868New Palace Darmstadt Grand Duchy of HesseDied9 October 1937 1937 10 09 aged 68 Schloss Wolfsgarten Langen Hesse Nazi GermanyBurialNeues Mausoleum Park Rosenhohe Darmstadt GermanySpousesPrincess Victoria Melita of Saxe Coburg and Gotha m 1894 div 1901 wbr Princess Eleonore of Solms Hohensolms Lich m 1905 wbr IssuePrincess Elisabeth George Donatus Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Louis Prince of Hesse and by RhineNamesErnest Louis Charles Albert WilliamGerman Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht WilhelmHouseHesse DarmstadtFatherLouis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by RhineMotherPrincess Alice of the United Kingdom Ernest Louis German Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm 25 November 1868 9 October 1937 was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine reigning from 1892 until 1918 1 Contents 1 Early life 2 Marriages 2 1 First marriage 2 2 Second marriage 3 Grand Duke of Hesse 4 First World War 5 Death 6 Honours 7 Ancestry 8 References 9 External linksEarly life Edit Ernest in 1879 with his grandmother Queen Victoria and sisters Victoria Elizabeth Irene and Alix two months after the deaths of their mother and youngest sister All are wearing mourning clothes Ernest Louis was the elder son of Louis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg and Gotha He was named Louis after his father His nickname was Ernie One of seven siblings two of whom died in childhood Ernest grew up with his four surviving sisters in Darmstadt One of his younger sisters Alexandra would marry Tsar Nicholas II the last Emperor of Russia while another sister Victoria Mountbatten would be the mother of Queen Louise of Sweden Louis Mountbatten and Princess Alice of Battenberg who was the mother of Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh Ernest Louis grew up in a loving household with parents who demonstrated their affection for their children something not typical for that social stratum in those days He grew much attached to his parents and siblings and it was his misfortune that he was fated to witness several deaths among them during his childhood When he was five his only brother Prince Friedrich died The two boys had been playing a game when the younger boy who suffered from haemophilia fell through a window onto the balcony twenty feet below 2 Ernest Louis was inconsolable When I die you must die too and all the others Why can t we all die together I don t want to die alone like Frittie he told his nurse 3 To his mother he said I dreamt that I was dead and was gone up to Heaven and there I asked God to let me have Frittie again and he came to me and took my hand 4 In 1878 when Ernest was ten an epidemic of diphtheria swept through Darmstadt His father and all the children except Elisabeth who was visiting her paternal grandmother fell ill 5 Princess Alice cared for her sick husband and children but on 16 November the youngest of them Princess Marie died Alice kept the news from her family for several weeks until Ernest Louis who was devoted to little Marie asked for his sister When his mother revealed Marie s death Ernest Louis was overcome with grief In comforting her grieving son Alice kissed him 6 She fell ill within a week and died on 14 December the anniversary of her own father s death 7 8 Marriages EditFirst marriage Edit On 19 April 1894 at Schloss Ehrenburg Ernest Louis married his maternal first cousin Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Ducky the daughter of his mother s brother Prince Alfred The match was actively encouraged by their mutual grandmother Queen Victoria who attended the wedding At the wedding Ernest s youngest surviving sister Alix became engaged to marry Tsarevich Nicholas of Russia and the excitement of that imminent match threw the nuptial celebrations into the shade 9 Ernest was still devastated by the memory of his daughter s death thirty years later My little Elisabeth he wrote in his memoirs was the sunshine of my life 10 Ernest and Victoria Melita had two children a daughter Elisabeth 11 March 1895 16 November 1903 Her early death at age 8 of typhoid fever greatly devastated her father who wrote My little Elisabeth in his memoirs was the sunshine of my life 30 years after her death 11 stillborn son on 25 May 1900 Ernest and Victoria entertained in style frequently holding house parties for young friends anybody above 30 was deemed too old by Victoria dispensing with formality on those occasions to indulge in fun and frolic Victoria s cousin Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark remembered one stay with them as having been the jolliest merriest house party to which I have ever been in my life 12 These revelries were more in keeping with Victoria s inclinations than Ernest s Their marriage was unhappy due to differences in temperament and attitude Fond as she was of revelry Victoria was less enthusiastic about fulfilling her public role She avoided answering letters put off visits to elderly relations whose company she did not enjoy and talked to people who amused her at official functions while ignoring people of higher social or official standing whom she found boring 13 Victoria s inattention to her duties provoked quarrels with Ernest The young couple had loud arguments which sometimes turned physical The volatile Victoria shouted threw tea trays smashed china against the wall and tossed anything that was handy at Ernest during their arguments 13 Queen Victoria was saddened when she heard of the trouble in the marriage from Sir George Buchanan her charge d affaires at Darmstadt but because of their daughter Elisabeth she refused to consider permitting her grandchildren to divorce Ernest also held off from divorce mainly for this reason He adored his daughter to distraction and lavished his time and attention on her The child reciprocated her father s affection preferred the company of her father to that of her mother 14 Meanwhile all efforts to rekindle the marriage failed Victoria took to spending most of the year in the south of France spending vast sums in expenses and at the card tables in Monte Carlo When Queen Victoria died in January 1901 significant opposition to the end of the marriage was removed 15 The couple were divorced 21 December 1901 on grounds of invincible mutual antipathy by a special verdict of the Supreme Court of Hesse After the divorce had come through Victoria told some close relatives that Ernest was a homosexual 16 17 Apparently she had caught her husband in bed with a male servant when in 1897 she returned home from a visit to her sister Queen Marie of Romania She did not make her accusation public but told her sister that no boy was safe from the stable hands to the kitchen help He slept quite openly with them all 18 19 Victoria later married another first cousin this time on her mother s side while Ernest married Eleonore of Solms Hohensolms Lich Second marriage Edit Ernest Louis remarried in Darmstadt on 2 February 1905 to Princess Eleonore of Solms Hohensolms Lich 17 September 1871 16 November 1937 20 This marriage proved harmonious and happy The couple had two sons Georg Donatus Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse 1906 1937 He married Ernest s grand niece Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark a sister of Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh and had issue The couple and two of their young sons were killed in a plane crash in 1937 leaving behind a daughter who also died two years later while yet a child 21 22 23 24 25 Louis Prince of Hesse and by Rhine 1908 1968 who married Margaret Campbell Geddes daughter of Auckland Geddes 1st Baron Geddes no issue Louis adopted Moritz Landgrave of Hesse as his heir thereby uniting the two lines of the Hesse family In addition to his marriage Ernest Louis maintained a close friendship with the bisexual Karl August Lingner the inventor of Odol one of the first liquid mouthwashes 26 When Lingner died of tongue cancer he bequeathed Tarasp Castle in Switzerland to Ernest Louis However the Hesse family never lived in it and it was sold in 2016 Grand Duke of Hesse EditIn 1892 Ernest Louis succeeded his father as grand duke Throughout his life Ernest Louis was a patron of the arts 27 founding the Darmstadt Artists Colony and was himself an author of poems plays essays and piano compositions Ernest Louis commissioned the New Mausoleum in 1903 It was consecrated on 3 November 1910 in the presence of the Grand Duke and his immediate family that is to say his wife Eleonore Tsar Nicholas II and his two sisters the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna Ella Victoria Princess Louis of Battenberg and her daughter Louise and Princess Heinrich of Prussia accompanied by her husband The remains of Grand Duke Ludwig IV Princess Alice Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine along with their children Frittie and May were re interred in the New Mausoleum 28 First World War Edit Ernest Louis in 1917 as officer during the First World War During World War I Ernest Louis served as a general of the infantry at Kaiser Wilhelm s headquarters In February 1917 the February Revolution in Russia forced his brother in law Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate Sixteen months later in July 1918 his two sisters in Russia Elizabeth the widow of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and Alexandra the wife of Nicholas II were murdered by the Bolsheviks Alexandra dying alongside her husband and children At the end of the war he lost his throne during the revolution of 1918 after refusing to abdicate 29 Death EditIn October 1937 Ernest Louis died after a long illness at Schloss Wolfsgarten near Darmstadt He received what amounted to a state funeral on 16 November 1937 and was buried next to his daughter Elisabeth in a new open air burial ground next to the New Mausoleum he had built in the Rosenhohe park in Darmstadt 30 Honours EditHe received the following orders and decorations 31 German honours Hesse and by Rhine Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order Grand Cross of the Merit Order of Philip the Magnanimous Knight of the Golden Lion Founder of the Order of the Star of Brabant 14 June 1914 32 Anhalt Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear Baden 33 Knight of the House Order of Fidelity 1888 Knight of the Order of Berthold the First 1888 Bavaria Knight of St Hubert 1892 34 Brunswick Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion Ernestine duchies Grand Cross of the Saxe Ernestine House Order Mecklenburg Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown with Crown in Ore Oldenburg Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig with Golden Crown and Collar Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon Saxony Knight of the Rue Crown 1892 35 Wurttemberg Grand Cross of the Wurttemberg Crown 1893 36 Prussia Knight of the Black Eagle with Collar Grand Cross of the Red Eagle Grand Commander s Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern Hohenzollern Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern 1st Class Foreign honours Austria Hungary Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St Stephen 1893 37 Bulgaria Grand Cross of St Alexander Greece Grand Cross of the Redeemer Italy Knight of the Annunciation with Collar 4 September 1897 38 Parmese Ducal Family Grand Cross of the Constantinian Order of St George Montenegro Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I Romania Grand Cross of the Star of Romania Russia Knight of St Andrew February 1889 Knight of St Alexander Nevsky February 1889 Knight of the White Eagle February 1889 Knight of St Anna 1st Class February 1889 Knight of St Stanislaus 1st Class February 1889 Knight of St Vladimir 4th Class Siam Grand Cross of the White Elephant Spain Knight of the Golden Fleece 16 July 1910 39 United Kingdom Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath civil with Collar 21 June 1887 40 expelled in 1915 Stranger Knight of the Garter 16 May 1892 41 expelled in 1915 Royal Victorian Chain 10 August 1902 42 expelled in 1915 Ancestry EditAncestors of Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse8 Louis II Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine4 Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine9 Princess Wilhelmine of Baden2 Louis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine10 Prince Wilhelm of Prussia5 Princess Elisabeth of Prussia11 Princess Maria Anna of Hesse Homburg1 Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine12 Ernest I Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha6 Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg and Gotha13 Princess Louise of Saxe Gotha Altenburg3 Princess Alice of the United Kingdom14 Prince Edward Duke of Kent and Strathearn7 Victoria of the United Kingdom15 Princess Victoria of Saxe Coburg SaalfeldReferences Edit EX RULER OF HESSE DEAD IN GERMANY Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig Was Ousted in 1918 After Reign Praised for Its Wisdom The New York Times 10 October 1937 p 29 Retrieved 8 December 2008 Paid subscription required to read the full article Packard p 161 Ridley Jane 3 December 2013 The Heir Apparent A Life of Edward VII the Playboy Prince Random House Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 8129 9475 9 Sell K 2003 Alice Grand Duchess Of Hesse Ripol Klassik ISBN 978 5 87444 192 0 Packard p 166 Noel p 239 Death of the Grand Duchess of Hesse The Times 16 December 1878 Packard p 167 Carl Backofen 1853 1909 Group photograph taken during the wedding celebrations of Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe Coburg and Gotha www rct uk Retrieved 28 December 2022 Van der Kiste John Princess Victoria Melita Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia 1876 1936 p 64 Sutton Publishing 1991 ISBN 978 0 86299 815 8 Van der Kiste John Princess Victoria Melita Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia 1876 1936 p 64 Sutton Publishing 1991 ISBN 978 0 86299 815 8 Sullivan p 148 a b Sullivan p 152 Sullivan pp 217 218 See Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Rohl John C G R Wilhelm II Into the Abyss of War and Exile 1900 1941 Cambridge University Press p534 Cockfield Jamie H White Crow The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich p61 Terence Elsberry Marie of Romania St Martin s Press 1972 p 62 Sullivan p 182 Hills amp Saunders 1852 to date Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse 1868 1937 when Prince of Hesse www rct uk Retrieved 28 December 2022 Mitterrand Frederic 1999 Memoires d exil in French Robert Laffont pp 104 105 333 ISBN 978 2 221 09023 7 Vickers Hugo 2000 Alice Princess Andrew of Greece Hamish Hamilton pp 352 272 273 ISBN 978 0 241 13686 7 Mateos Sainz de Medrano Ricardo 2004 Cecilia de Grecia gran duquesa heredera de Hesse y del Rhin La Familia de la Reina Sofia La Dinastia griega la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa in Spanish La Esfera de los Libros pp 284 299 302 ISBN 978 84 9734 195 0 Beeche Arturo E Miller Ilana D 2020 The Grand Ducal House of Hesse Eurohistory ISBN 978 1944207083 Petropoulos Jonathan 2006 Royals and the Reich The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany Oxford University Press p 524 ISBN 978 0 19 533927 7 Funke Ulf Norbert Leben und Wirken von Karl August Lingner Lingners Weg vom Handlungsgehilfen zum Grossindustriellen Diplomica Verlag GmbH 2014 Stopes Charlotte C 10 May 1914 ART AT HOME AND ABROAD American Paintings at Reinhardt Galleries Sale of Modern Pictures in Paris Important Art Exhibitions Abroad PDF The New York Times pp SM11 Retrieved 8 December 2008 See section titled Two Important Art Exhibitions in Darmstadt Hesse Under the Patronage of the Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt Christopher Warwick author of the biography of Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna entitled Ella Princess Saint amp Martyr published in hardback the United Kingdom by John Wiley amp Sons TWO MORE RULERS GIVE UP THRONE Republics Proclaimed in Wurttemburg and Hesse Ducal Lands Seized PDF The New York Times 14 November 1918 p 1 Retrieved 8 December 2008 Hesse mentioned toward the middle of the article Grand Duchy of Hesse permanent dead link website discussing burials of the grand ducal family Retrieved 8 December 2008 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Hessen 1912 13 Genealogy pp 1 2 Orden Stern von Brabant Ehrenkreuz 1 Klasse mit Krone www ehrenzeichen orden de in German Retrieved 22 June 2020 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1896 Grossherzogliche Orden pp 63 77 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreichs Bayern 1908 Konigliche Orden p 8 Sachsen 1901 Koniglich Orden Staatshandbuch fur den Konigreich Sachsen 1901 Dresden Heinrich p 4 via hathitrust org Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreich Wurttemberg 1907 Konigliche Orden p 29 A Szent Istvan Rend tagjai Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine Italia Ministero dell interno 1900 Calendario generale del Regno d Italia Unione tipografico editrice p 54 Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato Shaw Wm A 1906 The Knights of England I London p 212 Shaw p 69 Shaw p 415External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse Newspaper clippings about Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBWErnest Louis Grand Duke of HesseHouse of Hesse DarmstadtCadet branch of the House of HesseBorn 25 November 1868 Died 9 October 1937Regnal titlesPreceded byLouis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine1892 1918 VacantMonarchy abolishedPolitical officesPreceded byLouis IVas Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine Head of State of Hesse Darmstadt1892 1918 Succeeded byCarl Ulrichas President of the People s State of HesseTitles in pretenceLoss of titleRepublic declared TITULAR Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine1918 1937 Succeeded byGeorg Donatus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse amp oldid 1130057475, wikipedia, 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