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House Order of the Golden Lion

April 09, 2024

This article is about House Order of the Golden Lion. For other uses, see Order of the Lion.

The House Order of the Golden Lion (German: Hausorden vom Goldenen Löwen) was an order of the German Landgraviate and Electorate of Hesse-Kassel and later, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine. It was first instituted in 1770 by Landgrave Frederick II, in honour of and under the patronage of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, an ancestor of the House of Hesse, and was intended to award auspicious merit.

House Order of the Golden Lion
Sash, badge and breast star of the House Order of the Golden Lion
TypeState Order (formerly)
Dynastic Order (currently)
Established14 August 1770 {Hesse-Kassel)[1]
October 1875 (Hesse and by Rhine)[2]
Royal houseHouse of Hesse
MottoVirtute et Fidelitate
Awarded forCivil and military merit
Grand MasterDonatus, Landgrave of Hesse
GradesKnight
Former gradesGrand Cross
Commander 1st Class
Commander 2nd Class
Precedence
Next (higher)Ludwig Order (after 1875)
Next (lower)Military Merit Order (Hesse-Kassel, until 1851); Wilhelmsorden (Hesse-Kassel, until 1875)
Order of Philip the Magnanimous (Hesse and by Rhine)

Ribbon bar of the order

Overview edit

Initially conferred in one class (Knight), the order was revised in 1815 by Landgrave William IX (later William I, Elector of Hesse), who added the grades of Grand Cross and Commander.[3] It was further expanded in 1818 with William splitting the Commander grade into two separate classes; thus, the order had the grades of Grand Cross, Commander 1st Class, Commander 2nd Class and Knight.[4] It reverted to a single-class order on 20 August 1851 when Elector Frederick William I founded the Wilhelmsorden, which was created from the latter three classes.[5][6] Membership of the Order of the Golden Lion was then restricted to 41 knights, including the princes of the electoral family (who were inducted into the order from birth).

In the wake of the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Hesse-Kassel – who had sided with Austria – was annexed into Prussia, with the Order of the Golden Lion and all electoral orders of chivalry incorporated into the Prussian honours system.[7] With the death of Frederick William I with no legitimate heirs, the main line of the Electoral House of Hesse-Kassel became extinct, and the orders were subsequently abolished on 27 August 1875. The order was later resurrected as the "Grand Ducal Hessian Order of the Golden Lion" by Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse in October 1875, as a single-class order below that of the Ludwig Order. It was thereafter awarded to members of the Grand Ducal House and foreign royalty, as well as the high nobility.

The Order of the Golden Lion ceased to be a state order in 1918 with all grand ducal orders, following the defeat of Germany in World War I and the abdication of the last Grand Duke. It currently survives as a dynastic order of the House of Hesse.[8]

Insignia edit

  • The badge consists of a crowned golden lion within a golden oval hoop on the obverse with the motto: "Virtute et Fidelitate", and on the lapel with the inscription:
    • I. Model: "Fridericus II D. G. Hassiae Landgravius inst. 1770."
    • II. Model: "Wilhelmus I Hassiae Elector 1803".
  • The ribbon is crimson in the widths for the sash, neck cross (commander) and pectoral cross (knight).
  • The collar, which was worn on special occasions, consisted of golden lions alternating with medallions with the inscription "FL".

The knights wore this medal on a crimson ribbon, hanging from the right shoulder to the left hip, and also on the left breast an eight-pointed silver star embroidered with rays, in the center of which on a blue handle with the red background and silver embroidered motto.[9]

Recipients edit

Electoral order edit

Grand ducal order edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1780). "Berzeichnis der Ritter des Fürstliche-Hessen-Casselischen Ordens vom Goldenen Löwen". Hochfürstl.-Hessen-Casselischer Staats- und Adreß-Calender: 1780. Waisen- u. Findelhaus.
  2. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Hessen: 1878. Staatsverl. 1878. p. 43.
  3. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1817). Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1817. Verlag d. Waisenhauses. pp. 11–18.
  4. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1818). Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1818. Verlag d. Waisenhauses. pp. 11-19.
  5. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1852). Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1852. Waisenhaus. p. 10.
  6. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1866). Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1866. Waisenhaus. p. 19.
  7. ^ "Erklaerung der vorkommenden Bezeichnungen von Orden und Ehrenzeichen". Königlich Preußischer Staatsdienst-Kalender für Kurhessen. 1867. p. xi.
  8. ^ "Provisional List of Orders: Dynastic Orders". Register of Orders of Chivalry. 2002.
  9. ^ Hessen-Kassel (1866). Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1866. Waisenhaus. p. 14.

Literature edit

April 09, 2024
house, order, golden, lion, this, article, about, other, uses, order, lion, german, hausorden, goldenen, löwen, order, german, landgraviate, electorate, hesse, kassel, later, grand, duchy, hesse, rhine, first, instituted, 1770, landgrave, frederick, honour, un. This article is about House Order of the Golden Lion For other uses see Order of the Lion The House Order of the Golden Lion German Hausorden vom Goldenen Lowen was an order of the German Landgraviate and Electorate of Hesse Kassel and later the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine It was first instituted in 1770 by Landgrave Frederick II in honour of and under the patronage of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary an ancestor of the House of Hesse and was intended to award auspicious merit House Order of the Golden LionSash badge and breast star of the House Order of the Golden LionTypeState Order formerly Dynastic Order currently Established14 August 1770 Hesse Kassel 1 October 1875 Hesse and by Rhine 2 Royal houseHouse of HesseMottoVirtute et FidelitateAwarded forCivil and military meritGrand MasterDonatus Landgrave of HesseGradesKnightFormer gradesGrand CrossCommander 1st ClassCommander 2nd ClassPrecedenceNext higher Ludwig Order after 1875 Next lower Military Merit Order Hesse Kassel until 1851 Wilhelmsorden Hesse Kassel until 1875 Order of Philip the Magnanimous Hesse and by Rhine Ribbon bar of the order Contents 1 Overview 2 Insignia 3 Recipients 3 1 Electoral order 3 2 Grand ducal order 4 References 5 LiteratureOverview editInitially conferred in one class Knight the order was revised in 1815 by Landgrave William IX later William I Elector of Hesse who added the grades of Grand Cross and Commander 3 It was further expanded in 1818 with William splitting the Commander grade into two separate classes thus the order had the grades of Grand Cross Commander 1st Class Commander 2nd Class and Knight 4 It reverted to a single class order on 20 August 1851 when Elector Frederick William I founded the Wilhelmsorden which was created from the latter three classes 5 6 Membership of the Order of the Golden Lion was then restricted to 41 knights including the princes of the electoral family who were inducted into the order from birth In the wake of the Austro Prussian War in 1866 Hesse Kassel who had sided with Austria was annexed into Prussia with the Order of the Golden Lion and all electoral orders of chivalry incorporated into the Prussian honours system 7 With the death of Frederick William I with no legitimate heirs the main line of the Electoral House of Hesse Kassel became extinct and the orders were subsequently abolished on 27 August 1875 The order was later resurrected as the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of the Golden Lion by Louis III Grand Duke of Hesse in October 1875 as a single class order below that of the Ludwig Order It was thereafter awarded to members of the Grand Ducal House and foreign royalty as well as the high nobility The Order of the Golden Lion ceased to be a state order in 1918 with all grand ducal orders following the defeat of Germany in World War I and the abdication of the last Grand Duke It currently survives as a dynastic order of the House of Hesse 8 Insignia editThe badge consists of a crowned golden lion within a golden oval hoop on the obverse with the motto Virtute et Fidelitate and on the lapel with the inscription I Model Fridericus II D G Hassiae Landgravius inst 1770 II Model Wilhelmus I Hassiae Elector 1803 The ribbon is crimson in the widths for the sash neck cross commander and pectoral cross knight The collar which was worn on special occasions consisted of golden lions alternating with medallions with the inscription FL The knights wore this medal on a crimson ribbon hanging from the right shoulder to the left hip and also on the left breast an eight pointed silver star embroidered with rays in the center of which on a blue handle with the red background and silver embroidered motto 9 Recipients editElectoral order edit Prince Adalbert of Bavaria 1828 1875 Prince Adalbert of Prussia 1811 1873 Adolphe Grand Duke of Luxembourg Prince Adolphus Duke of Cambridge Prince Albert of Prussia 1809 1872 Prince Albert of Prussia 1837 1906 Albert of Saxony Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine Alexander II of Russia Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer Prince Charles of Prussia Christian IX of Denmark Prince Christian of Hesse Philippsthal Barchfeld Ernest Augustus Crown Prince of Hanover Ernest Augustus King of Hanover Ferdinand I of Austria Franz Joseph I of Austria Friedrich Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glucksburg Frederick III German Emperor Frederick VII of Denmark Frederick Francis II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin Prince Frederick William of Hesse Kassel Frederick William Elector of Hesse Frederick William Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz Frederick William IV of Prussia Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg Strelitz Prince Frederick of the Netherlands Prince Frederick of Prussia 1794 1863 Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia 1828 1885 Prince George Duke of Cambridge Georg II Duke of Saxe Meiningen Prince George of Prussia George King of Saxony Prince Heinrich of Hesse and by Rhine Prince Henry of the Netherlands 1820 1879 Baron Karl Ludwig von der Pfordten Konstantin of Hohenlohe Schillingsfurst Leopold I of Belgium Leopold II of Belgium Louis III Grand Duke of Hesse Louis IV Grand Duke of Hesse Ludwig Wilhelm Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt Luitpold Prince Regent of Bavaria Maximilian II of Bavaria Napoleon III Nicholas I of Russia Otto von Bismarck Archduke Stephen of Austria Palatine of Hungary Prince Waldemar of Prussia 1817 1849 Prince Wilhelm of Prussia 1783 1851 William Duke of Brunswick Prince William of Hesse Philippsthal Barchfeld William I German Emperor William II Elector of Hesse William III of the Netherlands Grand ducal order edit Adolphus Cambridge 1st Marquess of Cambridge Adolphus Frederick V Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz Alexander Frederick Landgrave of Hesse Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra Feodorovna Alix of Hesse Princess Alexandra of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Alfred Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Princess Alice of Battenberg Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark Princess Anna of Montenegro Princess Anna of Prussia Princess Augusta of Cambridge Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Bruno Prince of Ysenburg and Budingen Chlodwig Landgrave of Hesse Philippsthal Barchfeld Edward VII Edward VIII Princess Eleonore of Solms Hohensolms Lich Princess Elisabeth of Hesse Kassel Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine 1864 1918 Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse Ernest Landgrave of Hesse Philippsthal Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse Frederick William III Landgrave of Hesse George V Prince Henry of Prussia 1862 1929 Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine Julia Princess of Battenberg Prince Louis of Battenberg Louise of Hesse Kassel Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia Princess Marie of Battenberg Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse Kassel Marie of Romania Princess Margaret of Prussia Mary of Teck Nicholas II of Russia Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia Otto Graf zu Stolberg Wernigerode Umberto II of Italy Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe Coburg and Gotha Victoria Princess Royal Queen Victoria Wilhelm II German EmperorReferences edit Hessen Kassel 1780 Berzeichnis der Ritter des Furstliche Hessen Casselischen Ordens vom Goldenen Lowen Hochfurstl Hessen Casselischer Staats und Adress Calender 1780 Waisen u Findelhaus Hof und Staatshandbuch des Grossherzogtums Hessen 1878 Staatsverl 1878 p 43 Hessen Kassel 1817 Kur Hessischer Staats und Adress Kalender 1817 Verlag d Waisenhauses pp 11 18 Hessen Kassel 1818 Kur Hessischer Staats und Adress Kalender 1818 Verlag d Waisenhauses pp 11 19 Hessen Kassel 1852 Kurfurstlich Hessisches Hof und Staatshandbuch 1852 Waisenhaus p 10 Hessen Kassel 1866 Kurfurstlich Hessisches Hof und Staatshandbuch 1866 Waisenhaus p 19 Erklaerung der vorkommenden Bezeichnungen von Orden und Ehrenzeichen Koniglich Preussischer Staatsdienst Kalender fur Kurhessen 1867 p xi Provisional List of Orders Dynastic Orders Register of Orders of Chivalry 2002 Hessen Kassel 1866 Kurfurstlich Hessisches Hof und Staatshandbuch 1866 Waisenhaus p 14 Literature editMaximilian Gritzner Handbuch der Ritter und Verdienstorden Leipzig 1893 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title House Order of the Golden Lion amp oldid 1173766655, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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