This article is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, which was produced in 1911. It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk page.(September 2018)
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The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg came into existence in 1815 combining the territory of the old Duchy of Oldenburg with the Principality of Birkenfeld. Whilst Oldenburg was elevated to a Grand Duchy at the Congress of Vienna, the first two Grand Dukes continued to style themselves as merely Dukes and it wasn't until 1829 that the newly acceded Augustus used the title of Grand Duke. Although paternalist, the early Grand Dukes did not grant a constitution until events overtook them in 1848.
The European Revolutions
Oldenburg did not entirely escape from the Revolutions of 1848 that swept across Europe, but no serious disturbances took place therein. In 1849 Augustus granted a constitution of a very liberal character to his subjects. Hitherto his country had been ruled in the spirit of enlightened despotism which had been strengthened by the absence of a privileged class of nobles, the comparative independence of the peasantry, and the importance of the towns; thus a certain amount of friction was inevitable. In 1852 some modifications were introduced into the constitution, yet it remained one of the most progressive in the German Confederation. Important alterations were made in the administrative system in 1855 and again in 1868, and government oversight on church affairs was ordered by a law of 1863. In 1863, Peter II, who had ruled since the death of his father Augustus in 1853, seemed inclined to press a claim to the vacant duchy of Schleswig and duchy of Holstein, but ultimately in 1867 he abandoned this in favor of the Kingdom of Prussia and received some slight compensation. In 1866 he had sided with Prussia against the Austrian Empire during the Seven Weeks War and joined the North German Confederation. In 1871 the grand duchy became a state of the German Empire.[2]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Oldenburg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–72.
March 27, 2023
grand, duchy, oldenburg, other, uses, oldenburg, disambiguation, this, article, largely, based, article, copyright, encyclopædia, britannica, eleventh, edition, which, produced, 1911, should, brought, date, reflect, subsequent, history, scholarship, including,. For other uses see Oldenburg disambiguation This article is largely based on an article in the out of copyright Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition which was produced in 1911 It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship including the references if any When you have completed the review replace this notice with a simple note on this article s talk page September 2018 This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German August 2012 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 752 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Grossherzogtum Oldenburg see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Grossherzogtum Oldenburg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg German Grossherzogtum Oldenburg also known as Holstein Oldenburg was a grand duchy within the German Confederation North German Confederation and German Empire that consisted of three widely separated territories Oldenburg Eutin and Birkenfeld It ranked tenth among the German states and had one vote in the Bundesrat and three members in the Reichstag 1 Grand Duchy of OldenburgGrossherzogtum Oldenburg1815 1918Flag Coat of armsAnthem Heil dir o Oldenburg de Hail to thee O Oldenburg The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg within the German EmpireStatusState of the German Confederation the North German Confederation and the German EmpireCapitalOldenburgReligionEvangelical Lutheran Church of OldenburgGovernmentConstitutional monarchyGrand Duke 1815 1823Wilhelm 1823 1829Peter I 1829 1853Augustus 1853 1900Peter II 1900 1918Frederick Augustus IIStaatsminister 1814 1842Karl von Brandenstein first 1916 1918Franz Friedrich Ruhstrat last History Congress of Vienna1815 German Revolution9 November 1918CurrencyThaler until 1858 Vereinsthaler 1858 1873 German Goldmark 1873 1914 German Papiermark 1914 1918 Preceded by Succeeded byFirst French EmpireDuchy of Oldenburg Free State of OldenburgToday part ofGermanyIts ruling family the House of Oldenburg also came to rule in Denmark Norway Sweden Greece and Russia 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 The European Revolutions 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 Sources 4 1 Works citedHistory EditSee also Duchy of Oldenburg The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg came into existence in 1815 combining the territory of the old Duchy of Oldenburg with the Principality of Birkenfeld Whilst Oldenburg was elevated to a Grand Duchy at the Congress of Vienna the first two Grand Dukes continued to style themselves as merely Dukes and it wasn t until 1829 that the newly acceded Augustus used the title of Grand Duke Although paternalist the early Grand Dukes did not grant a constitution until events overtook them in 1848 The European Revolutions Edit Oldenburg did not entirely escape from the Revolutions of 1848 that swept across Europe but no serious disturbances took place therein In 1849 Augustus granted a constitution of a very liberal character to his subjects Hitherto his country had been ruled in the spirit of enlightened despotism which had been strengthened by the absence of a privileged class of nobles the comparative independence of the peasantry and the importance of the towns thus a certain amount of friction was inevitable In 1852 some modifications were introduced into the constitution yet it remained one of the most progressive in the German Confederation Important alterations were made in the administrative system in 1855 and again in 1868 and government oversight on church affairs was ordered by a law of 1863 In 1863 Peter II who had ruled since the death of his father Augustus in 1853 seemed inclined to press a claim to the vacant duchy of Schleswig and duchy of Holstein but ultimately in 1867 he abandoned this in favor of the Kingdom of Prussia and received some slight compensation In 1866 he had sided with Prussia against the Austrian Empire during the Seven Weeks War and joined the North German Confederation In 1871 the grand duchy became a state of the German Empire 2 Oldenburg remained a monarchy until the German Revolution of 1918 1919 when the last Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II abdicated and Oldenburg became a constituent state of the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Oldenburg Gallery Edit Oldenburg Castle Eutin Castle Heraldic shield of the Grand DukesSee also EditCounts dukes and grand dukes of OldenburgSources Edit Chisholm 1911 p 71 a b Chisholm 1911 p 72 Works cited Edit This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Oldenburg Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 71 72 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Duchy of Oldenburg amp oldid 1118690360, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
