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Jesse Jackson Jr.

April 14, 2024

Jesse Louis Jackson Jr. (born March 11, 1965) is an American politician. He served as the U.S. representative from Illinois's 2nd congressional district from 1995 until his resignation in 2012. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the son of activist and former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson and, prior to his career in elected office, worked for his father in both the elder Jackson's 1984 presidential campaign and his social justice, civil rights and political activism organization, Operation PUSH. Jackson's wife, Sandi Jackson, served on the Chicago City Council. He served as a national co-chairman of the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign.[2] Jackson established a consistent liberal record on both social and fiscal issues,[3] and he has co-authored books on civil rights and personal finance.

Jesse Jackson Jr.
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Illinois's 2nd district
In office
December 12, 1995 – November 21, 2012
Preceded byMel Reynolds
Succeeded byRobin Kelly
Personal details
Born
Jesse Louis Jackson Jr.

(1965-03-11) March 11, 1965 (age 59)
Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1991; div. 2018)​
[1]
Children2
Parent(s)Jesse Jackson (father)
Jacqueline Brown (mother)
RelativesSantita Jackson (sister)
Jonathan Jackson (brother)
EducationNorth Carolina A&T State University (BS)
Chicago Theological Seminary (MDiv)
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (JD)

In October 2012, Jackson was investigated for financial improprieties including misuse of campaign funds. Jackson resigned from Congress on November 21, 2012, citing mental and physical health problems, including bipolar disorder and gastrointestinal problems. On February 8, 2013, Jackson admitted to violating federal campaign law by using campaign funds to make personal purchases.[4] Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud.[5] On August 14, 2013, he was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison.[6][7] Jackson was released from prison on March 26, 2015.

Early life, education, and early political career edit

Jackson was born in Greenville, South Carolina, and was raised in the Jackson Park Highlands District of the South Shore community area on the South Side of Chicago.[8][9] He was one of five children of Jesse and Jacqueline (Brown) Jackson.[10][11] He attended nursery school at the University of Chicago and attended John J. Pershing Elementary School.[8] At age five, Jackson mimicked his father in a speech atop a milk crate at the Operation PUSH headquarters.[12] His time with his father sometimes occurred in the time between political meetings.[13]

He and his brother Jonathan were sent to Le Mans Academy in Rolling Prairie, Indiana after Jackson was diagnosed as hyperactive. As a young cadet, he was paddled at times for disciplinary reasons. During his tenure there, he earned the rank of Company Commander.[12][14] Jackson repeated ninth grade and was suspended from school twice.[15] Jackson graduated from St. Albans School.[16] He was an all-state running back on his football team in high school and was featured in the February 1984 issue of Sports Illustrated as part of their Faces in the Crowd section, which noted him for his 15 touchdowns, 889 rushing yards, and 7.2 yards per carry in six games.[17] Jackson enrolled in North Carolina A&T University, his father's alma mater,[12] earning his Bachelor of Science degree magna cum laude in 1987.[18] He decided to follow his father's advice to receive a seminary education at the Chicago Theological Seminary, where he earned his master's degree a year early but opted not to become ordained.[12] Jackson proceeded to law school at the University of Illinois and convinced his future wife to transfer there from the Georgetown University Law Center. He then earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Illinois College of Law in 1993.[19] Jackson never sat for the bar exam despite finishing his coursework a semester early.[12]

As a teenager, Jackson and his brother Jonathan assisted in their father's civil rights activities.[20] During the 1984 Democratic primaries, the three Jackson brothers sometimes appeared at events together in support of their father's presidential campaign.[21] While in college, Jackson held a voter registration drive that registered 3,500 voters on a campus with 4,500 students.[22] His first job after graduation was as an executive director for the Rainbow Coalition.[23]

Jackson was again involved in his father's campaigning during the 1988 Democratic primaries.[24] In 1988, in the dealings between his father and Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention, Jackson's father obtained for him a position as an at-large member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) by a nomination from Democratic Party chairman Paul Kirk.[25][26] Jackson Jr. was the last of the five children to speak and introduced his father with the words "a man who fights against the odds, who lives against the odds, our dad, Jesse Jackson."[11] At the time, in Time magazine, Margaret Carlson depicted the younger Jackson as a well-spoken and compelling personality who would likely carry any of his father's political aspirations that his father was unable to achieve himself.[25] His experience with the DNC gave him the opportunity to work on numerous congressional election races.[27] After the convention he also became a vice president of Operation PUSH.[28]

Jackson was arrested on his twenty-first birthday in Washington, D.C., following his participation in demonstrations against apartheid at the South African Embassy.[29][30] He had been arrested with his father and brother the year before in a similar activity.[31] His protest against apartheid extended to weekly demonstrations in front of the South African Consulate in Chicago. Jackson shared the stage with Nelson Mandela when Mandela made his historic speech following his release from a 27-year imprisonment in Cape Town in February 1990.[18] Before entering the House, he became secretary of the Democratic National Committee's Black Caucus, the national field director of the National Rainbow Coalition and a member of the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition.[19] Jackson served as the national field director of the Rainbow Coalition from 1993 to 1995.[32] Under Jackson's leadership, the Rainbow Coalition attempted to stimulate equitable hiring in the National Basketball Association because while 78% of the league's players were African American, 92% of the front-office executive positions, 88% of the administrative jobs, and 85% of the support positions were held by whites.[33] While serving as the field director for the National Rainbow Coalition, he helped register millions of new voters through a newly instituted national non-partisan program. He also created a voter education program to teach citizens the importance of participating in the political process.[18] He was a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, and also a founding board member of the Apollo Alliance.

U.S. House of Representatives edit

Elections edit

Jackson's wife wanted him to run for the 2nd District Congressional seat in the 1996 primary election,[12] while his father wanted him to run for a position as an alderman or for the Illinois General Assembly.[34] The 2nd District includes part of Chicago's southeast suburbs known as the Southland and part of the South Side.[35] Jackson's father approached state Sen. Alice J. Palmer with a deal in which the Jacksons would support her for Congress in exchange for her support for Jackson for the Illinois Senate. Jackson Jr. did not agree with the plan and wanted to run for the 2nd District seat.[34] After seeking approval from former Democratic National Committee chairman David Wilhelm, he decided to run for the seat against Palmer.[12] When Mel Reynolds, who was later convicted on sexual misconduct charges, resigned from Congress on September 1, 1995, Jackson's name surfaced as a potential replacement;[36][37] on September 10, 1995, Jackson officially declared his candidacy.[38] Jackson's opponents in the Democratic primary were Palmer, Emil Jones, Monique Davis, and John Morrow in the Democratic primary, which was set for November 29, 1995.[39][40] Jones was endorsed by Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley.[12] Jackson was endorsed by the Daily Southtown, Markham Mayor Evans Miller, and one local labor organization.[41] Campaign controversy arose when it was revealed that Jackson's salary as field director the Rainbow Coalition had been subsidized by the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union, which was accused by a U.S. Senate investigative committee of having ties to organized crime.[39] Jackson was one of several Democrats who received campaign contributions from John Huang, a Democratic fundraiser who illegally funneled over $150,000 to Democratic candidates and was later convicted of conspiracy to commit campaign finance fraud. While most other recipients of the Huang-aggregated funds returned them or donated them elsewhere, Jackson kept the money, saying Huang's $1,000 contribution to his campaign was within legal limits.[42][43]

Jackson won the Democratic primary with 48% of the vote to Jones's 39%, with the rest of the votes scattered among the other three candidates.[44][45] The Republicans nominated Thomas Somer. Since the district was overwhelmingly Democratic, Jackson was the favorite for the December 12, 1995 special election.[39] Jackson won the general election with 76% of the vote;[32][46][47] his victory was widely anticipated.[48] Upon his victory, Jackson made it known he would be a liberal voice in opposition to Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich.[49] He took office on December 15, 1995.[50] Jackson was perceived as less charismatic than his father and less credentialed than his predecessor, but his family pedigree was expected to help him politically.[32][40] In August 1996, Somer withdrew from a rematch leaving Jackson with no major party opposition in the November 1996 general election.[51] As a result, Jackson received 94% of the vote in the general election.[52]

As he prepared to run for president in 2000, Vice President Al Gore attempted to maintain good relations with the Jackson family, hoping to discourage Jackson's father from running for president against him. Jackson received a congratulatory call from Gore after his election in 1995. In 1998, Gore campaigned for and advised Jackson, and went out of his way to instruct aides to create a vice presidential event in Jackson's district to boost Jackson.[53]

The 2nd District was overwhelmingly black when Jackson was first elected and remained so after the redistricting process following the 2000 Census.[54] Jackson won re-election in 2000 by a 90–10 margin over Robert Gordon.[55]

In 2001, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Jackson could hire his wife on his campaign payroll as long as she was paid no more than the fair market value for her services.[56] In 2002, Jackson was challenged in the Democratic primary by three candidates.[57] Jackson claimed that state Sen. William Shaw and his brother, Cook County Board of Review Commissioner Robert Shaw, had planted a bogus candidate in the primary race. The claim was that they selected 68-year-old retired Robbins truck driver, Jesse L. Jackson, as an opponent in order to confuse voters and derail the congressman's re-election campaign. Jackson asked a Cook County court to question the Shaws and others under oath, but his effort was rejected and no criminal wrongdoing was found.[58][59] As Jackson prepared to take further legal action, Jesse L. Jackson withdrew his candidacy after the unexpected deaths of his wife and grandson.[60]

 
Jackson's official 109th Congressional portrait

Jackson won re-election in the 2004 House of Representatives elections by a wide margin over Stephanie Kennedy Sailor.[61] In 2005, Jackson supported legislation that gave the United States Federal Court of Appeals jurisdiction over the Terri Schiavo case.[62] In the 2006 election among Jackson's opponents was Libertarian Party candidate and African-American pastor Anthony Williams, an outspoken opponent of immigration.[63] Jackson won with 85% of the vote.[64]

Tenure edit

Jackson quickly built a track record of never missing a floor vote.[29][65] Once he nearly missed his great-grandmother's funeral for a roll call, but the presiding officer was able to slightly delay the closing of the roll, thereby keeping his attendance record.[29] Fellow Democrats said he debates and votes with a contentiousness that makes it difficult to view him as a team player.[65] Jackson developed foes not only in the House, but also in Chicago against William Daley, who had a hand in several attempts to block Jackson's seating on the transportation committee he desired because of his support for a third Chicago airport.[65] Jackson has also been a target of conservative media figures.[65] Jackson established a heavily liberal voting record on both social and fiscal issues.[3][12] During the 1990s, because of his name recognition and liberal track record, Jackson received many public speaking and media requests.[29]

After being elected, Jackson attempted to parlay his popularity into a seat on the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, using the leverage of his ability to perform voter registration drives.[66] In the 1996 elections, Jackson began to rival his father as a requested visitor to congressional districts with 36 requests from congressional colleagues.[67] He was typically sent on the "black circuit" without any notification to the press when he campaigned for other candidates.[13] Jackson made 30 appearances for Democratic congressional candidates in 1998.[65]

Jackson had some controversial interactions with Jewish leaders in his early years in office. In 1996, his message of unity and cooperation with the Jews was met with skepticism.[68] In 1997, Jackson was criticized for offering mere disagreement with anti-Semitic remarks made by Louis Farrakhan while he was in New York City for the mayoral race; Jewish leaders were unsatisfied by Jackson's response to Farrakhan.[69] In 1997, Newsweek mentioned Jackson in their list of 100 people to watch in the new century, dubbed "the Century Club", and raised the question of whether he would be the first black president.[70] Jackson criticized the Bill Clinton administration for working with Republicans and voted in dissent on several notable bills that were the products of compromise between Democrats and Republicans.[29] Jackson preferred direct aid and debt relief to trade reform as a method of helping impoverished nations such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin, fearing that relaxed trade regulations would possibly benefit corporations and exploit labor.[71][72] He is also an opponent of incentives for corporations to invest in developing nations.[73] He was outspoken on issues of minority hiring in information technology.[74] Jackson voted against the impeachment of Bill Clinton, voting against all four articles of impeachment considered by the House.[75]

 
 
LIHEAP Day - January 8, 2003

In late 2000, as word spread that President-elect George W. Bush intended to appoint both Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice and a third unnamed black to the United States Cabinet, Jackson sought to prevent blacks from supporting Bush as Bush planned to reach out to blacks.[76] Jackson partnered with Republican Henry Hyde to push for a third Chicago airport. Jackson said Hyde was the right wing complement to his own left wing role in pursuing support for the airport.[77] Jackson has withheld support for local Democrats who would not support the airport, such as 1998 Democratic gubernatorial nominee Glenn Poshard.[65][78]

On January 6, 2001, Jackson and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W. Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount. Because no senator joined his objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore, who was Bush's opponent in the 2000 presidential election.[79]

In 2004, Jackson supported the Ho-Chunk tribe's proposal for a casino within his district in Lynwood, Illinois. The proposal was to build the largest casino in the state as part of an entertainment complex.[80] In 2005, Jackson sponsored a bill for the creation and acquisition of a life-size statue of Rosa Parks to be placed in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol. The bill approving the funding for the statue was signed by President Bush on December 1, 2005.[81][82]

After the 2004 elections, Jackson became vocal in supporting election reform, disliking the way election rules differ across jurisdictions, saying that the U.S. "is founded on the constitutional foundation of 'states' rights'—50 states, 3,067 counties and 13,000 different election jurisdictions, all separate and unequal."[83] He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election, despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes.[84][85][86] He also proposed legislation for uniform voting standards that was supported by black leaders.[87]

 
 
Left: United States President George W. Bush signing bill for Rosa Parks statue at Statuary Hall, (standing left to right) Richard Lugar, Alphonso Jackson, Laura Bush, Condoleezza Rice, Jackson, John Kerry, Thad Cochran; Right: Jackson, his children (Jesse III and Jessica), Bush, Rice (both images December 2005)

Jackson and Zach Wamp were spokespersons for the changing the name of the main hall of the United States Capitol Visitor Center from the Great Hall to Emancipation Hall. The Library of Congress's main hall was already designated Great Hall. Some had wanted further feedback on naming possibilities, but the United States House Committee on Appropriations approved the new name, and it passed the House.[88]

Jackson was one of the liberal leaders who supported a fixed timetable for Iraq troop withdrawals.[89] In 2007, he has also co-sponsored (along with Roy Blunt), legislation providing nearly $1 million to each family that lost someone to the al-Qaida activities in the 1998 United States embassy bombings.[90] In 2007 Jackson voiced an interest in initiating impeachment proceedings against President Bush for "crimes against the Constitution of the United States."[91]

In March 2011, Jackson attracted ridicule for a speech he made on the House floor proposing a constitutional amendment for "equal education rights", which he illustrated by proposing that every student in America receive an iPad from the federal government.[92] In April 2011, Jackson spoke on the house floor, blaming the iPad for "eliminating thousands of American jobs."[93] In the February 27, 2007 Chicago municipal elections, Jackson's wife, Sandi Jackson, won the election for Alderman in Chicago's 7th ward.[94][95]

 
Jackson speaks on the first day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.

Jackson gave a prime-time speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention on August 25, 2008.[96] During his speech he referenced Martin Luther King Jr., stating, "I'm sure that Dr. King is looking down on us here in Denver noting this is the first political convention in history to take place within sight of a mountain top."[97][98] Jackson said, "I know Barack Obama. I've seen his leadership at work. I've seen the difference he has made in the lives of people across Illinois."[99] At the convention, Jackson started what was described as a "hugfest" in an attempt to unite the Illinois Democratic party, which had been squabbling internally. He started by hugging Bobby Rush (who had been upset that Jackson's wife was being positioned for Rush's seat when Rush had been ill earlier in the year) and then he hugged Debbie Halvorson, who had been at odds with him over the proposed airport. He then asked if anyone else was mad at him. At this point Mayor Daley jumped up to hug Jackson. Jackson then said, "I'm not going to be satisfied until I see Rod Blagojevich give Mike Madigan a hug."[100][101]

Before the entire Congress was charged with seeking a solution to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and overall economic crisis of 2008, Jackson proposed that the United States Department of Agriculture increase the allotment of food stamps.[102] During the congressional debates on a federal bailout, Jackson worried about the viability of various plan iterations to his constituents. Although only two years earlier he spoke of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi in glowing terms, he could not support the late-September version of the legislation she was proposing because he felt it contained inadequate homeowner protections.[103] Although he voted against the bill on September 29, 2008 he voted in support of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 on October 3, 2008.[104] He later expressed concerns in a New York Times op-ed article about the implications that the eventual bill had on enfranchisement due to the lack of protections for homeowners as it relates to voting rights.[105] Jackson sponsored legislation to make the Pullman District a National Park Service jurisdiction.[106] On April 21, 2012, Jackson held a symbolic groundbreaking for the proposed third airport.[107]

Committee assignments edit

Jackson was also appointed to the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission in 2003.[18][108] He was among the scholars and politicians adding commentaries to Lincoln in Illinois which was published by the Abraham Lincoln Association and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation.[109] The book had been expected in the fall but was published in June 2008.[110]

Health issues, criminal investigation, and resignation edit

On June 10, 2012, Jackson took a medical leave of absence from the House, citing exhaustion.[111] On July 11, 2012, Jackson's office said he was being treated for a mood disorder at a residential treatment facility. His office denied speculation that he was being treated for alcoholism.[112] On August 13, 2012, it was confirmed by numerous news outlets that Jackson was being treated for bipolar disorder.[113]

Campaign fraud edit

In October 2012, federal prosecutors and FBI agents in Washington, D.C., investigated Jackson for alleged financial improprieties, including possible misuse of campaign funds.[114][115] Sixteen days after being re-elected to another term, Jackson resigned effective on November 21, 2012, citing his health problems and acknowledging the ethics investigations.[116]

Jackson and wife Sandi signed plea agreements in early February 2013. Jackson Jr. agreed to plead guilty to charges of fraud, conspiracy, making false statements, mail fraud, wire fraud, and criminal forfeiture—having used about $750,000 in campaign money for over 3000 personal purchases that included a Michael Jackson fedora and cashmere capes.[117]

The Justice Department filed the charges on February 15, 2013,[118][119] and Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 of campaign funds. On June 7, 2013, federal prosecutors indicated that they sought a four-year prison sentence for Jackson.[120] On August 14, 2013, Jackson was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison,[6] while wife Sandi was sentenced to 12 months in prison for filing false tax returns in an attempt to conceal the crimes.[121] Their sentences were not concurrent; Jackson served his, and after his release she served hers. The staggered sentences allowed for the Jackson children to have access to one parent during the time the other was in prison.[122]

Prison and release edit

On October 26, 2013, Jackson reported to the Federal Correctional Complex in Butner, near Raleigh, North Carolina, to begin serving his sentence.[123]

On March 26, 2015, Jackson was released from the minimum-security Federal Prison Camp, Montgomery in Montgomery, Alabama, to serve the rest of his sentence at a halfway house (the Volunteers of America Chesapeake facility in Baltimore, Maryland). After being released, Jackson was required to complete another three years on supervised release and perform 500 hours of community service.[124][125] He was released in the morning of June 22, 2015, after spending three months serving his remaining sentence in a halfway house.[126]

Other political activities edit

2000 presidential election edit

Jackson reluctantly supported Al Gore when he became the Democratic presidential nominee, saying Gore and his running mate Joe Lieberman were not liberal enough but that he supported Gore as the only alternative to George W. Bush. Jackson criticized Lieberman and the campaign for emphasizing the importance of personal morality in American politicians.[127] Nevertheless, Jackson indicated he would persuade liberal voters unenthusiastic about Gore to support the Democratic ticket, rather than Green Party nominee Ralph Nader.[128]

Despite his criticism of the Gore campaign, Jackson was still mentioned as a possible appointee for United States Secretary of Education if Gore was elected.[129]

2007 mayoral election edit

Chicago is the largest American city without mayoral term limits,[130] and Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley started his mayoral tenure in 1989.[131] Jackson held press conferences less frequently than his father.[132] After making a formal announcement in 2006 with a press conference, Jackson was considered a strong potential candidate to oppose Daley in the municipal election on February 27, 2007.[133] He stated on September 7, 2006, that his final decision would come after the Congressional election in November.[134] Jackson had built up a more moderate reputation than his father and had support that transcended racial lines.[133] Jackson viewed his broad based support as a sign that the U.S. had advanced to the point where politicians from ethnic minorities could appeal to broad constituencies.[135]

After more than a decade in the national political spotlight he had maintained an untarnished image, unlike his troubled 2nd district predecessors Mel Reynolds and Gus Savage,[39] and had challenged Daley on several issues on the local political scene. Jackson supported the living wage legislation that had been hotly contested in the Chicago City Council, and he has been an ardent backer of the long-proposed third Chicago airport in Peotone, Illinois, placing him at odds with Daley on both issues.[133] He also railed against Daley over a trucking contract scandal involving city workers' collecting payoffs.[132] At the time, the Mayor had recently exercised the first veto in his seventeen-year mayoral term to thwart a big box retailer city minimum wage bill from the City Council despite the bill's public popularity.[136]

There were always doubts about the seriousness of Jackson's interest in the Mayor's office.[132] On November 8, 2006, Jackson reported that he would not pursue a 2007 mayoral campaign in Chicago:

... as you know Democrats are now poised to take control of the Congress for the first time in my eleven-year career. More than any time since I took my initial oath of office, I am excited, I am eager, and I am downright giddy about the prospects of being in Washington. Washington will be the place to be in the next two years, and maybe even the foreseeable future. For me this means an unprecedented opportunity to help lead this country in a new and a better direction and to help serve my constituents, my hometown of Chicago and my state of Illinois. So I will not be a candidate for the mayor of the city of Chicago in 2007.[137]

Support for Barack Obama edit

Jackson was speculated as a potential candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2004, but declined to run and instead became one of Barack Obama's early supporters.[138] He endorsed Howard Dean for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination, joining Al Gore in saying Dean was the most likely candidate in the primary to beat Bush.[139][140][141] The endorsement was a bitter blow to the hopes of candidate Al Sharpton, who had hoped for endorsements from both Jackson and his father.[142][143]

Jackson was a national co-chairman of Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.[2] As such, he is involved in garnering support from the superdelegates.[144] During the campaign, he provided the voice for some advertisements such as one South Carolina radio ad in which he said: "Once, South Carolina voted for my father, and sent a strong message to the nation, ... Next year, you can send more than a message. You can launch a president.'"[145] When describing Obama, he stated that "Barack Obama is not speaking as a friend of the community; he's part of the community ... He doesn't always tell people what they want to hear. He tells them what they need to hear.'"[145] During the campaign, he described Obama as the first "successor" of Martin Luther King Jr. to use the thoughtful and careful approach to language to frame social debate in a way that is unlikely to alienate whites and noted his ability to get various factions to agree with him and his political positions.[146][147]

Jackson had a lengthy relationship with Obama. Obama's Illinois State Senate 13th district that he served from 1997 to 2005 was within Jackson's district. Jackson's sister Santita was a close friend of Michelle Obama and served as a bridesmaid at the Obama wedding.[148] In 2008, Jackson's father, Jesse Jackson, wrote an op-ed in the Chicago Sun-Times attacking presidential candidate Obama for his lack of activist involvement;[149] Jackson Junior responded sharply in the same paper with a defense of Obama.[148][150][151]

On July 6, 2008, Jackson's father said he thought Obama talks down to black people, and unaware he was near a live microphone offhandedly commented that he would like to "cut [Obama's] nuts off". Jackson Junior quickly expressed his outrage at and disappointment in his father's "ugly rhetoric".[152] Jackson's father said he was expressing his disappointment in Obama's Father's Day speech chastisement of Black fathers.[153]

2009 U.S. Senate seat edit

Jackson emerged as a possible candidate to replace Barack Obama, who, after being elected President of the United States on November 4, 2008, officially resigned his seat in the U.S. Senate effective November 16.[154] The class 3 Illinois Senate seat was up for re-election in 2010.[155] Other contenders included Danny Davis, Jan Schakowsky, Tammy Duckworth, Emil Jones Jr., Kwame Raoul, Dan Hynes, and Lisa Madigan,[154] while other sources also mentioned Luis Gutierrez and Melissa Bean.[156] One early name mentioned, Valerie Jarrett, withdrew her name from consideration and both Davis and Duckworth noted that they had not been contacted by the governor's office by the time Obama announced his resignation on November 13, 2008.[157] In a radio interview on the subject, Jackson cited his record on federal funding for his district, loyalty to Obama and diligence in voting in the U.S. House.[158] At the time, Obama was the only black U.S. Senator,[159] and black leaders pressured Blagojevich to appoint a black successor. The Chicago Defender and Southtown Star both endorsed Jackson, who noted that public opinion polls show him as the favorite.[154][156] The selection was coming at a time when the Governor's public approval ratings were at an all-time low, which added to the pressure for him to make a selection that would be good for his own political perception,[160] and it was believed that Jackson's constituency was one that the Governor might need to appease.[155] Although Obama and Duckworth laid a wreath together on Veterans Day, Obama did not endorse a successor.[161] However, in an internal report filed by Obama legal advisor Greg Craig, "Obama authorized Emanuel to pass on the names of four people he considered to be highly qualified to take over his seat – Illinois Comptroller Dan Hynes, Illinois Veterans' Affairs Director Tammy Duckworth, Rep. Jan Schakowsky and Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr."[162]

On November 27, 2008, Blagojevich hinted that Davis might be his choice.[163] On December 6, the Chicago Tribune reported that Jackson was among the minority of potential candidates who had not been granted a meeting with Blagojevich on the subject,[164] but two days later Blagojevich granted Jackson a meeting.[165] On December 9, the day after a 90-minute meeting that Jackson described as his first meeting with Blagojevich in years,[166] the Rod Blagojevich federal corruption scandal became public when the Governor was arrested.[167] On December 10, Jackson was contacted by federal prosecutors for questioning with regard to the scandal involving Governor Blagojevich's search for a replacement. The press speculated that Jackson was "Senate Candidate #5", for whom it is alleged by Blagojevich that emissaries offered up to a million dollars in exchange for the appointment. Jackson, however, denies any wrongdoing, and says that the U.S. Attorney's office assured him that he is not a target of the investigation.[168][169] In a press conference, his lawyer confirmed his belief that Jackson is candidate No. 5, but asserted that he has done nothing wrong.[170][171] Immediately thereafter, in his own news conference, Jackson confirmed that he is a subject and not a target of the investigation and emphatically stated his opposition to "pay to play" politics.[172] On December 16, a Jackson spokesperson confirmed special federal investigators have been questioning him since the summer.[173] Also WLS-TV reported December 15 that Jackson has notified investigators that Blagojevich refused to appoint Sandi Jackson, his wife, as state lottery director because Jackson refused to donate $25,000 to the governor's campaign fund.[173] Jackson spokesman Kenneth Edmonds clarified that although Jackson had been a federal informant for over a decade,[174] never did his cooperation concern the current investigation into the Senate seat.[175]

Although Blagojevich's corruption was reported to have been under federal investigation, journalist Howard Fineman of the Huffington Post allegedly has sources that claim Jackson attributes the Obama replacement case to Obama's neutral stance. According to Fineman's reported source, Jackson felt if Obama had endorsed him, Blagojevich would have selected Jackson.[176] When the scandal first broke, the reaction was that Jackson's reputation was sullied to the point that his viability as a senatorial candidate was diminished.[177] However, reports that Jackson has been a longtime federal information provider has led political allies to continue to speak of his viability as a candidate.[178] After much controversy, Roland Burris was successfully nominated by Blagojevich.[179][180]

In 2009, Jackson was named one of the 15 most corrupt members of Congress by the liberal Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington for his role in the scandal.[181] On September 21, 2010, Jackson addressed a claim by businessman Raghuveer Nayak to the FBI that Jackson purchased plane tickets for a woman Nayak identified as a "social acquaintance" of Jackson, "The reference to a social acquaintance is a private and personal matter between me and my wife that was handled some time ago," Jackson said. "I ask that you respect our privacy."[182]

In September 2010, fundraiser Nayak was mentioned in the press as having been an alleged go between for Jackson and Blagojevich with the message that Jackson would help Blagojevich raise $6 million in exchange for the Senate appointment.[183] The allegations became the subject of a Congressional ethics investigation.[184]

Author edit

In December 1999, he co-authored It's About the Money: How You Can Get Out of Debt, Build Wealth, and Achieve Your Financial Dreams.[185] The book is a self-help book with directions for achieving personal financial independence.[186] The book is targeted toward people of limited means.[187] In the fall of 2001, he co-authored Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America's Future, also known as Legal Lynching II.[188] With coauthors, Rev. Jesse Jackson, Jackson Jr., and Bruce Shapiro, the anti-death penalty voice was heard very publicly.[189] The book was published, at a time when public opposition to the death penalty was at a historically high level, by two of America's most prominent civil rights leaders.[190] It was a follow-up to Legal Lynching: Racism, Injustice and the Death Penalty,[191] which was released in 1996 by Jackson Sr. In 2001, Jackson Jr. authored A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, with his press secretary, Frank Watkins.[192] The book outlines his moral and political philosophies, and it provides an autobiographical sketch.[193] It provides analysis on the link between race and economics from colonial America to the present with a vision for the future.[193][194] In addition to the analysis, it provides eight proposed constitutional amendments that Jackson sees as essential to pursuit of broader social and economic opportunity.[195] Since the publication of this book, Jackson has refined these and formally proposed these constitutional amendments.[196]

Personal life edit

 
Jesse Jackson Jr.'s ex-wife, Sandi Jackson

During the 1988 presidential campaign, Jackson met his future wife, Sandi Stevens, who was press secretary for United States Congressman Mickey Leland.[197] After her first year at Georgetown University Law Center, the couple decided public higher education was more affordable and jointly enrolled at the University of Illinois College of Law. While still law students, they married on June 1, 1991.[198] Jackson and Sandi have two children, Jesse III ("Tre") and Jessica and keep two homes. They own one in the South Shore community area,[12] which is within both the 2nd district that Congressman Jackson represented in the United States House of Representatives and within the seventh ward that his wife represented on the Chicago City Council as Alderman. The South Shore home serves as an election base for himself and candidates he has supported, for which he claims a 13–0 record in public elections.[12] The South Shore home was the featured renovation on an HGTV Hidden Potential episode, first aired on March 24, 2009. The Jacksons also own a home in Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., which served as the family home and base for his service in Congress.[12]

Jackson's earliest public controversy came when he was linked to alleged Nigerian drug trafficker Pius Ailemen. Ailemen was supposed to be Jackson's best man at his 1991 wedding, but canceled at the last minute due to supposed passport-related issues. Jackson and Aileman were investigated by the FBI; the investigation and court proceedings extended for several years. A wiretap recorded many conversations between the two, and financial records indicate that Ailemen had purchased an Alfa Romeo using a $13,000 charge on Jackson's credit card.[199] Ailemen was sentenced to 24 years and four months in jail.[200] In 2003, Ailemen was denied petition for a writ of certiorari. Ailemen's current motion questions Jackson's activities as a government informant at the time of his testimony in Ailemen's trial.[201]

Jackson acknowledges that he has had the benefits of privilege and opportunity and says that his hobbies include fencing, hunting and fishing, especially salmon fishing.[49][132] He often enjoys these hobbies in bipartisan friendships that include Dick Armey and regarded the late Republican Rep. Henry Hyde as one of his closest friends.[132] In fact, Armey points to Jackson as an example of his ability to work with politicians at all ends of the political spectrum.[202] Jackson also has a very good relationship with Republican United States President George W. Bush despite their sharp ideological differences.[203] The relationship traces back to when Jackson Sr. and United States President-Elect George H. W. Bush met to discuss a range of issues while Jackson Jr. and his siblings Santita and Jonathan had an hour-and-a-half luncheon with future President George W.[204] He also developed a relationship with Bill and Hillary Clinton that enabled him to watch Super Bowl XXXIII at Camp David with them.[205]

In March 2005, Jackson revealed that he had lost 50 pounds (22.7 kg; 3.6 st) due to bariatric surgery. In Ebony, Joe Madison revealed that when he and Jackson were on a panel at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation conference he asked Jackson why he looked so different. He stated that Jackson described having undergone a duodenal switch medical procedure that his sister, Santita, had used to lose 200 pounds (90.7 kg; 14.3 st) over several years.[206]

Jackson is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. In 2006, when Jackson became a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Nu Pi Chapter, the Illinois House of Representatives issued a congratulatory resolution to his father.[207] Jesse Sr. is also a member of the Omega fraternity.[208] Jackson Jr. delivered the keynote address to the fraternity at the November 18, 2006 Founder's Day gathering.[208] He is also affiliated with the Theta Epsilon Chapter.[209]

Jackson is a martial arts enthusiast who practices kung fu, tae kwon do, and karate.[210] On August 1, 2007, Jackson got into a verbal disagreement with Rep. Lee Terry, a Republican from Nebraska on the House floor. Jackson stated in floor debate that "Republicans can't be trusted" and Terry responded with "shut up" before approaching Jackson. Jackson then spoke profanities and challenged Terry to step outside, presumably for a physical fight. Steve Rothman helped avoid escalation to actual physical confrontation.[211] Martial artists throughout the Omaha, Nebraska area (Terry's district) called to inquire about Jackson's mindset and intentions.[210] Jackson says Terry was the instigator.[210] Terry says Jackson was at fault, but the two shook hands the next day and agreed to move forward in the interest of their constituents.[212] However, a week later an unidentified man who claimed to be a Jackson relative walked into Terry's Omaha office saying he was Jackson's hitman who had come to beat up Terry, which led to FBI involvement.[213]

He used a battery-powered, GPS-equipped Segway in Washington. Jackson, who missed two votes in his first thirteen years in Congress, quipped that the Segway helped him to maintain his good voting record.[214]

On July 12, 2012, Jackson's office acknowledged that he had been absent from Congress since June 10, stating that he was receiving "intensive medical treatment at a residential treatment facility for a mood disorder."[215] After weeks of the public's not knowing where the Congressman was, his office announced on July 27, 2012, that he was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, undergoing an extensive inpatient evaluation for depression and for gastrointestinal issues.[216] On August 13, 2012 the Mayo Clinic released a statement that Jackson was being treated for bipolar II disorder.[217]

On July 14, 2016, Jackson filed for divorce from his wife in Cook County, Illinois.[218] They reached a settlement in April 2018.[219]

Electoral history edit

Illinois Congressman results: 1995–2012
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Other Votes Pct
1995[220] Jesse Jackson Jr. 43,333 74.2% Thomas Somer 15,076 25.8%
1996[221] Jesse Jackson Jr. 172,648 94.1% Frank Stratman (Libertarian) 10,880 5.9%
1998[222] Jesse Jackson Jr. 148,985 89.4% Robert Gordon III 16,075 9.6% Matthew Beauchamp (L) 1,608 1.0%
2000[223] Jesse Jackson Jr. 175,995 89.8% Robert Gordon III 19,906 10.2%
2002[224] Jesse Jackson Jr. 151,443 82.3% Doug Nelson 32,567 17.7%
2004[225] Jesse Jackson Jr. 207,535 88.5% Stephanie Sailor (L) 26,990 11.5%
2006[226] Jesse Jackson Jr. 146,347 84.8% Robert Belin 20,395 11.8% Anthony Williams (L) 5,748 3.3%
2008[227] Jesse Jackson Jr. 242,250 89.2% Anthony W. Williams 29,050 10.8%
2010[228] Jesse Jackson Jr. 150,666 80.5% Isaac C. Hayes 25,883 13.8% Anthony W. Williams (Green) 10,564 5.6%
2012[229] Jesse Jackson Jr. 188,303 63.3% Brian Woodworth 69,115 23.2% Marcus Lewis (Independent) 40,006 13.4%

Published works edit

  • Jackson, Jesse L. Jr., with Frank E. Watkins, A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights, Welcome Rain Publishers: New York, 2001, ISBN 1-56649-186-X.

See also edit

References edit

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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Illinois's 2nd congressional district
1995–2012 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Representative Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Representative 		Succeeded byas Former US Representative

April 14, 2024
jesse, jackson, jesse, louis, jackson, born, march, 1965, american, politician, served, representative, from, illinois, congressional, district, from, 1995, until, resignation, 2012, member, democratic, party, activist, former, presidential, candidate, jesse, . Jesse Louis Jackson Jr born March 11 1965 is an American politician He served as the U S representative from Illinois s 2nd congressional district from 1995 until his resignation in 2012 A member of the Democratic Party he is the son of activist and former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson and prior to his career in elected office worked for his father in both the elder Jackson s 1984 presidential campaign and his social justice civil rights and political activism organization Operation PUSH Jackson s wife Sandi Jackson served on the Chicago City Council He served as a national co chairman of the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign 2 Jackson established a consistent liberal record on both social and fiscal issues 3 and he has co authored books on civil rights and personal finance Jesse Jackson Jr Member of the U S House of Representatives from Illinois s 2nd districtIn office December 12 1995 November 21 2012Preceded byMel ReynoldsSucceeded byRobin KellyPersonal detailsBornJesse Louis Jackson Jr 1965 03 11 March 11 1965 age 59 Greenville South Carolina U S Political partyDemocraticSpouseSandi Stevens m 1991 div 2018 wbr 1 Children2Parent s Jesse Jackson father Jacqueline Brown mother RelativesSantita Jackson sister Jonathan Jackson brother EducationNorth Carolina A amp T State University BS Chicago Theological Seminary MDiv University of Illinois Urbana Champaign JD In October 2012 Jackson was investigated for financial improprieties including misuse of campaign funds Jackson resigned from Congress on November 21 2012 citing mental and physical health problems including bipolar disorder and gastrointestinal problems On February 8 2013 Jackson admitted to violating federal campaign law by using campaign funds to make personal purchases 4 Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud 5 On August 14 2013 he was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison 6 7 Jackson was released from prison on March 26 2015 Contents 1 Early life education and early political career 2 U S House of Representatives 2 1 Elections 2 2 Tenure 2 2 1 Committee assignments 2 3 Health issues criminal investigation and resignation 3 Campaign fraud 3 1 Prison and release 4 Other political activities 4 1 2000 presidential election 4 2 2007 mayoral election 4 3 Support for Barack Obama 4 4 2009 U S Senate seat 5 Author 6 Personal life 7 Electoral history 8 Published works 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksEarly life education and early political career editJackson was born in Greenville South Carolina and was raised in the Jackson Park Highlands District of the South Shore community area on the South Side of Chicago 8 9 He was one of five children of Jesse and Jacqueline Brown Jackson 10 11 He attended nursery school at the University of Chicago and attended John J Pershing Elementary School 8 At age five Jackson mimicked his father in a speech atop a milk crate at the Operation PUSH headquarters 12 His time with his father sometimes occurred in the time between political meetings 13 He and his brother Jonathan were sent to Le Mans Academy in Rolling Prairie Indiana after Jackson was diagnosed as hyperactive As a young cadet he was paddled at times for disciplinary reasons During his tenure there he earned the rank of Company Commander 12 14 Jackson repeated ninth grade and was suspended from school twice 15 Jackson graduated from St Albans School 16 He was an all state running back on his football team in high school and was featured in the February 1984 issue of Sports Illustrated as part of their Faces in the Crowd section which noted him for his 15 touchdowns 889 rushing yards and 7 2 yards per carry in six games 17 Jackson enrolled in North Carolina A amp T University his father s alma mater 12 earning his Bachelor of Science degree magna cum laude in 1987 18 He decided to follow his father s advice to receive a seminary education at the Chicago Theological Seminary where he earned his master s degree a year early but opted not to become ordained 12 Jackson proceeded to law school at the University of Illinois and convinced his future wife to transfer there from the Georgetown University Law Center He then earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Illinois College of Law in 1993 19 Jackson never sat for the bar exam despite finishing his coursework a semester early 12 As a teenager Jackson and his brother Jonathan assisted in their father s civil rights activities 20 During the 1984 Democratic primaries the three Jackson brothers sometimes appeared at events together in support of their father s presidential campaign 21 While in college Jackson held a voter registration drive that registered 3 500 voters on a campus with 4 500 students 22 His first job after graduation was as an executive director for the Rainbow Coalition 23 Jackson was again involved in his father s campaigning during the 1988 Democratic primaries 24 In 1988 in the dealings between his father and Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention Jackson s father obtained for him a position as an at large member of the Democratic National Committee DNC by a nomination from Democratic Party chairman Paul Kirk 25 26 Jackson Jr was the last of the five children to speak and introduced his father with the words a man who fights against the odds who lives against the odds our dad Jesse Jackson 11 At the time in Time magazine Margaret Carlson depicted the younger Jackson as a well spoken and compelling personality who would likely carry any of his father s political aspirations that his father was unable to achieve himself 25 His experience with the DNC gave him the opportunity to work on numerous congressional election races 27 After the convention he also became a vice president of Operation PUSH 28 Jackson was arrested on his twenty first birthday in Washington D C following his participation in demonstrations against apartheid at the South African Embassy 29 30 He had been arrested with his father and brother the year before in a similar activity 31 His protest against apartheid extended to weekly demonstrations in front of the South African Consulate in Chicago Jackson shared the stage with Nelson Mandela when Mandela made his historic speech following his release from a 27 year imprisonment in Cape Town in February 1990 18 Before entering the House he became secretary of the Democratic National Committee s Black Caucus the national field director of the National Rainbow Coalition and a member of the Rainbow PUSH Coalition 19 Jackson served as the national field director of the Rainbow Coalition from 1993 to 1995 32 Under Jackson s leadership the Rainbow Coalition attempted to stimulate equitable hiring in the National Basketball Association because while 78 of the league s players were African American 92 of the front office executive positions 88 of the administrative jobs and 85 of the support positions were held by whites 33 While serving as the field director for the National Rainbow Coalition he helped register millions of new voters through a newly instituted national non partisan program He also created a voter education program to teach citizens the importance of participating in the political process 18 He was a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and also a founding board member of the Apollo Alliance U S House of Representatives editElections edit Jackson s wife wanted him to run for the 2nd District Congressional seat in the 1996 primary election 12 while his father wanted him to run for a position as an alderman or for the Illinois General Assembly 34 The 2nd District includes part of Chicago s southeast suburbs known as the Southland and part of the South Side 35 Jackson s father approached state Sen Alice J Palmer with a deal in which the Jacksons would support her for Congress in exchange for her support for Jackson for the Illinois Senate Jackson Jr did not agree with the plan and wanted to run for the 2nd District seat 34 After seeking approval from former Democratic National Committee chairman David Wilhelm he decided to run for the seat against Palmer 12 When Mel Reynolds who was later convicted on sexual misconduct charges resigned from Congress on September 1 1995 Jackson s name surfaced as a potential replacement 36 37 on September 10 1995 Jackson officially declared his candidacy 38 Jackson s opponents in the Democratic primary were Palmer Emil Jones Monique Davis and John Morrow in the Democratic primary which was set for November 29 1995 39 40 Jones was endorsed by Chicago Mayor Richard M Daley 12 Jackson was endorsed by the Daily Southtown Markham Mayor Evans Miller and one local labor organization 41 Campaign controversy arose when it was revealed that Jackson s salary as field director the Rainbow Coalition had been subsidized by the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union which was accused by a U S Senate investigative committee of having ties to organized crime 39 Jackson was one of several Democrats who received campaign contributions from John Huang a Democratic fundraiser who illegally funneled over 150 000 to Democratic candidates and was later convicted of conspiracy to commit campaign finance fraud While most other recipients of the Huang aggregated funds returned them or donated them elsewhere Jackson kept the money saying Huang s 1 000 contribution to his campaign was within legal limits 42 43 Jackson won the Democratic primary with 48 of the vote to Jones s 39 with the rest of the votes scattered among the other three candidates 44 45 The Republicans nominated Thomas Somer Since the district was overwhelmingly Democratic Jackson was the favorite for the December 12 1995 special election 39 Jackson won the general election with 76 of the vote 32 46 47 his victory was widely anticipated 48 Upon his victory Jackson made it known he would be a liberal voice in opposition to Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich 49 He took office on December 15 1995 50 Jackson was perceived as less charismatic than his father and less credentialed than his predecessor but his family pedigree was expected to help him politically 32 40 In August 1996 Somer withdrew from a rematch leaving Jackson with no major party opposition in the November 1996 general election 51 As a result Jackson received 94 of the vote in the general election 52 As he prepared to run for president in 2000 Vice President Al Gore attempted to maintain good relations with the Jackson family hoping to discourage Jackson s father from running for president against him Jackson received a congratulatory call from Gore after his election in 1995 In 1998 Gore campaigned for and advised Jackson and went out of his way to instruct aides to create a vice presidential event in Jackson s district to boost Jackson 53 The 2nd District was overwhelmingly black when Jackson was first elected and remained so after the redistricting process following the 2000 Census 54 Jackson won re election in 2000 by a 90 10 margin over Robert Gordon 55 In 2001 the Federal Election Commission ruled that Jackson could hire his wife on his campaign payroll as long as she was paid no more than the fair market value for her services 56 In 2002 Jackson was challenged in the Democratic primary by three candidates 57 Jackson claimed that state Sen William Shaw and his brother Cook County Board of Review Commissioner Robert Shaw had planted a bogus candidate in the primary race The claim was that they selected 68 year old retired Robbins truck driver Jesse L Jackson as an opponent in order to confuse voters and derail the congressman s re election campaign Jackson asked a Cook County court to question the Shaws and others under oath but his effort was rejected and no criminal wrongdoing was found 58 59 As Jackson prepared to take further legal action Jesse L Jackson withdrew his candidacy after the unexpected deaths of his wife and grandson 60 nbsp Jackson s official 109th Congressional portraitJackson won re election in the 2004 House of Representatives elections by a wide margin over Stephanie Kennedy Sailor 61 In 2005 Jackson supported legislation that gave the United States Federal Court of Appeals jurisdiction over the Terri Schiavo case 62 In the 2006 election among Jackson s opponents was Libertarian Party candidate and African American pastor Anthony Williams an outspoken opponent of immigration 63 Jackson won with 85 of the vote 64 Tenure edit Jackson quickly built a track record of never missing a floor vote 29 65 Once he nearly missed his great grandmother s funeral for a roll call but the presiding officer was able to slightly delay the closing of the roll thereby keeping his attendance record 29 Fellow Democrats said he debates and votes with a contentiousness that makes it difficult to view him as a team player 65 Jackson developed foes not only in the House but also in Chicago against William Daley who had a hand in several attempts to block Jackson s seating on the transportation committee he desired because of his support for a third Chicago airport 65 Jackson has also been a target of conservative media figures 65 Jackson established a heavily liberal voting record on both social and fiscal issues 3 12 During the 1990s because of his name recognition and liberal track record Jackson received many public speaking and media requests 29 After being elected Jackson attempted to parlay his popularity into a seat on the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure using the leverage of his ability to perform voter registration drives 66 In the 1996 elections Jackson began to rival his father as a requested visitor to congressional districts with 36 requests from congressional colleagues 67 He was typically sent on the black circuit without any notification to the press when he campaigned for other candidates 13 Jackson made 30 appearances for Democratic congressional candidates in 1998 65 Jackson had some controversial interactions with Jewish leaders in his early years in office In 1996 his message of unity and cooperation with the Jews was met with skepticism 68 In 1997 Jackson was criticized for offering mere disagreement with anti Semitic remarks made by Louis Farrakhan while he was in New York City for the mayoral race Jewish leaders were unsatisfied by Jackson s response to Farrakhan 69 In 1997 Newsweek mentioned Jackson in their list of 100 people to watch in the new century dubbed the Century Club and raised the question of whether he would be the first black president 70 Jackson criticized the Bill Clinton administration for working with Republicans and voted in dissent on several notable bills that were the products of compromise between Democrats and Republicans 29 Jackson preferred direct aid and debt relief to trade reform as a method of helping impoverished nations such as those of sub Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin fearing that relaxed trade regulations would possibly benefit corporations and exploit labor 71 72 He is also an opponent of incentives for corporations to invest in developing nations 73 He was outspoken on issues of minority hiring in information technology 74 Jackson voted against the impeachment of Bill Clinton voting against all four articles of impeachment considered by the House 75 nbsp nbsp LIHEAP Day January 8 2003 In late 2000 as word spread that President elect George W Bush intended to appoint both Colin Powell Condoleezza Rice and a third unnamed black to the United States Cabinet Jackson sought to prevent blacks from supporting Bush as Bush planned to reach out to blacks 76 Jackson partnered with Republican Henry Hyde to push for a third Chicago airport Jackson said Hyde was the right wing complement to his own left wing role in pursuing support for the airport 77 Jackson has withheld support for local Democrats who would not support the airport such as 1998 Democratic gubernatorial nominee Glenn Poshard 65 78 On January 6 2001 Jackson and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from Florida which George W Bush narrowly won after a contentious recount Because no senator joined his objection the objection was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore who was Bush s opponent in the 2000 presidential election 79 In 2004 Jackson supported the Ho Chunk tribe s proposal for a casino within his district in Lynwood Illinois The proposal was to build the largest casino in the state as part of an entertainment complex 80 In 2005 Jackson sponsored a bill for the creation and acquisition of a life size statue of Rosa Parks to be placed in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol The bill approving the funding for the statue was signed by President Bush on December 1 2005 81 82 After the 2004 elections Jackson became vocal in supporting election reform disliking the way election rules differ across jurisdictions saying that the U S is founded on the constitutional foundation of states rights 50 states 3 067 counties and 13 000 different election jurisdictions all separate and unequal 83 He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118 457 votes 84 85 86 He also proposed legislation for uniform voting standards that was supported by black leaders 87 nbsp nbsp Left United States President George W Bush signing bill for Rosa Parks statue at Statuary Hall standing left to right Richard Lugar Alphonso Jackson Laura Bush Condoleezza Rice Jackson John Kerry Thad Cochran Right Jackson his children Jesse III and Jessica Bush Rice both images December 2005 Jackson and Zach Wamp were spokespersons for the changing the name of the main hall of the United States Capitol Visitor Center from the Great Hall to Emancipation Hall The Library of Congress s main hall was already designated Great Hall Some had wanted further feedback on naming possibilities but the United States House Committee on Appropriations approved the new name and it passed the House 88 Jackson was one of the liberal leaders who supported a fixed timetable for Iraq troop withdrawals 89 In 2007 he has also co sponsored along with Roy Blunt legislation providing nearly 1 million to each family that lost someone to the al Qaida activities in the 1998 United States embassy bombings 90 In 2007 Jackson voiced an interest in initiating impeachment proceedings against President Bush for crimes against the Constitution of the United States 91 In March 2011 Jackson attracted ridicule for a speech he made on the House floor proposing a constitutional amendment for equal education rights which he illustrated by proposing that every student in America receive an iPad from the federal government 92 In April 2011 Jackson spoke on the house floor blaming the iPad for eliminating thousands of American jobs 93 In the February 27 2007 Chicago municipal elections Jackson s wife Sandi Jackson won the election for Alderman in Chicago s 7th ward 94 95 nbsp Jackson speaks on the first day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver Colorado Jackson gave a prime time speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention on August 25 2008 96 During his speech he referenced Martin Luther King Jr stating I m sure that Dr King is looking down on us here in Denver noting this is the first political convention in history to take place within sight of a mountain top 97 98 Jackson said I know Barack Obama I ve seen his leadership at work I ve seen the difference he has made in the lives of people across Illinois 99 At the convention Jackson started what was described as a hugfest in an attempt to unite the Illinois Democratic party which had been squabbling internally He started by hugging Bobby Rush who had been upset that Jackson s wife was being positioned for Rush s seat when Rush had been ill earlier in the year and then he hugged Debbie Halvorson who had been at odds with him over the proposed airport He then asked if anyone else was mad at him At this point Mayor Daley jumped up to hug Jackson Jackson then said I m not going to be satisfied until I see Rod Blagojevich give Mike Madigan a hug 100 101 Before the entire Congress was charged with seeking a solution to the financial crisis of 2007 2008 and overall economic crisis of 2008 Jackson proposed that the United States Department of Agriculture increase the allotment of food stamps 102 During the congressional debates on a federal bailout Jackson worried about the viability of various plan iterations to his constituents Although only two years earlier he spoke of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi in glowing terms he could not support the late September version of the legislation she was proposing because he felt it contained inadequate homeowner protections 103 Although he voted against the bill on September 29 2008 he voted in support of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 on October 3 2008 104 He later expressed concerns in a New York Times op ed article about the implications that the eventual bill had on enfranchisement due to the lack of protections for homeowners as it relates to voting rights 105 Jackson sponsored legislation to make the Pullman District a National Park Service jurisdiction 106 On April 21 2012 Jackson held a symbolic groundbreaking for the proposed third airport 107 Committee assignments edit Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor Health and Human Services Education and Related Agencies Subcommittee on State Foreign Operations and Related ProgramsJackson was also appointed to the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission in 2003 18 108 He was among the scholars and politicians adding commentaries to Lincoln in Illinois which was published by the Abraham Lincoln Association and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library Foundation 109 The book had been expected in the fall but was published in June 2008 110 Health issues criminal investigation and resignation edit On June 10 2012 Jackson took a medical leave of absence from the House citing exhaustion 111 On July 11 2012 Jackson s office said he was being treated for a mood disorder at a residential treatment facility His office denied speculation that he was being treated for alcoholism 112 On August 13 2012 it was confirmed by numerous news outlets that Jackson was being treated for bipolar disorder 113 Campaign fraud editIn October 2012 federal prosecutors and FBI agents in Washington D C investigated Jackson for alleged financial improprieties including possible misuse of campaign funds 114 115 Sixteen days after being re elected to another term Jackson resigned effective on November 21 2012 citing his health problems and acknowledging the ethics investigations 116 Jackson and wife Sandi signed plea agreements in early February 2013 Jackson Jr agreed to plead guilty to charges of fraud conspiracy making false statements mail fraud wire fraud and criminal forfeiture having used about 750 000 in campaign money for over 3000 personal purchases that included a Michael Jackson fedora and cashmere capes 117 The Justice Department filed the charges on February 15 2013 118 119 and Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of 750 000 of campaign funds On June 7 2013 federal prosecutors indicated that they sought a four year prison sentence for Jackson 120 On August 14 2013 Jackson was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison 6 while wife Sandi was sentenced to 12 months in prison for filing false tax returns in an attempt to conceal the crimes 121 Their sentences were not concurrent Jackson served his and after his release she served hers The staggered sentences allowed for the Jackson children to have access to one parent during the time the other was in prison 122 Prison and release edit On October 26 2013 Jackson reported to the Federal Correctional Complex in Butner near Raleigh North Carolina to begin serving his sentence 123 On March 26 2015 Jackson was released from the minimum security Federal Prison Camp Montgomery in Montgomery Alabama to serve the rest of his sentence at a halfway house the Volunteers of America Chesapeake facility in Baltimore Maryland After being released Jackson was required to complete another three years on supervised release and perform 500 hours of community service 124 125 He was released in the morning of June 22 2015 after spending three months serving his remaining sentence in a halfway house 126 Other political activities edit2000 presidential election edit Jackson reluctantly supported Al Gore when he became the Democratic presidential nominee saying Gore and his running mate Joe Lieberman were not liberal enough but that he supported Gore as the only alternative to George W Bush Jackson criticized Lieberman and the campaign for emphasizing the importance of personal morality in American politicians 127 Nevertheless Jackson indicated he would persuade liberal voters unenthusiastic about Gore to support the Democratic ticket rather than Green Party nominee Ralph Nader 128 Despite his criticism of the Gore campaign Jackson was still mentioned as a possible appointee for United States Secretary of Education if Gore was elected 129 2007 mayoral election edit Chicago is the largest American city without mayoral term limits 130 and Chicago Mayor Richard M Daley started his mayoral tenure in 1989 131 Jackson held press conferences less frequently than his father 132 After making a formal announcement in 2006 with a press conference Jackson was considered a strong potential candidate to oppose Daley in the municipal election on February 27 2007 133 He stated on September 7 2006 that his final decision would come after the Congressional election in November 134 Jackson had built up a more moderate reputation than his father and had support that transcended racial lines 133 Jackson viewed his broad based support as a sign that the U S had advanced to the point where politicians from ethnic minorities could appeal to broad constituencies 135 After more than a decade in the national political spotlight he had maintained an untarnished image unlike his troubled 2nd district predecessors Mel Reynolds and Gus Savage 39 and had challenged Daley on several issues on the local political scene Jackson supported the living wage legislation that had been hotly contested in the Chicago City Council and he has been an ardent backer of the long proposed third Chicago airport in Peotone Illinois placing him at odds with Daley on both issues 133 He also railed against Daley over a trucking contract scandal involving city workers collecting payoffs 132 At the time the Mayor had recently exercised the first veto in his seventeen year mayoral term to thwart a big box retailer city minimum wage bill from the City Council despite the bill s public popularity 136 There were always doubts about the seriousness of Jackson s interest in the Mayor s office 132 On November 8 2006 Jackson reported that he would not pursue a 2007 mayoral campaign in Chicago as you know Democrats are now poised to take control of the Congress for the first time in my eleven year career More than any time since I took my initial oath of office I am excited I am eager and I am downright giddy about the prospects of being in Washington Washington will be the place to be in the next two years and maybe even the foreseeable future For me this means an unprecedented opportunity to help lead this country in a new and a better direction and to help serve my constituents my hometown of Chicago and my state of Illinois So I will not be a candidate for the mayor of the city of Chicago in 2007 137 Support for Barack Obama edit Jackson was speculated as a potential candidate for the U S Senate in 2004 but declined to run and instead became one of Barack Obama s early supporters 138 He endorsed Howard Dean for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination joining Al Gore in saying Dean was the most likely candidate in the primary to beat Bush 139 140 141 The endorsement was a bitter blow to the hopes of candidate Al Sharpton who had hoped for endorsements from both Jackson and his father 142 143 Jackson was a national co chairman of Barack Obama s 2008 presidential campaign 2 As such he is involved in garnering support from the superdelegates 144 During the campaign he provided the voice for some advertisements such as one South Carolina radio ad in which he said Once South Carolina voted for my father and sent a strong message to the nation Next year you can send more than a message You can launch a president 145 When describing Obama he stated that Barack Obama is not speaking as a friend of the community he s part of the community He doesn t always tell people what they want to hear He tells them what they need to hear 145 During the campaign he described Obama as the first successor of Martin Luther King Jr to use the thoughtful and careful approach to language to frame social debate in a way that is unlikely to alienate whites and noted his ability to get various factions to agree with him and his political positions 146 147 Jackson had a lengthy relationship with Obama Obama s Illinois State Senate 13th district that he served from 1997 to 2005 was within Jackson s district Jackson s sister Santita was a close friend of Michelle Obama and served as a bridesmaid at the Obama wedding 148 In 2008 Jackson s father Jesse Jackson wrote an op ed in the Chicago Sun Times attacking presidential candidate Obama for his lack of activist involvement 149 Jackson Junior responded sharply in the same paper with a defense of Obama 148 150 151 On July 6 2008 Jackson s father said he thought Obama talks down to black people and unaware he was near a live microphone offhandedly commented that he would like to cut Obama s nuts off Jackson Junior quickly expressed his outrage at and disappointment in his father s ugly rhetoric 152 Jackson s father said he was expressing his disappointment in Obama s Father s Day speech chastisement of Black fathers 153 2009 U S Senate seat edit Jackson emerged as a possible candidate to replace Barack Obama who after being elected President of the United States on November 4 2008 officially resigned his seat in the U S Senate effective November 16 154 The class 3 Illinois Senate seat was up for re election in 2010 155 Other contenders included Danny Davis Jan Schakowsky Tammy Duckworth Emil Jones Jr Kwame Raoul Dan Hynes and Lisa Madigan 154 while other sources also mentioned Luis Gutierrez and Melissa Bean 156 One early name mentioned Valerie Jarrett withdrew her name from consideration and both Davis and Duckworth noted that they had not been contacted by the governor s office by the time Obama announced his resignation on November 13 2008 157 In a radio interview on the subject Jackson cited his record on federal funding for his district loyalty to Obama and diligence in voting in the U S House 158 At the time Obama was the only black U S Senator 159 and black leaders pressured Blagojevich to appoint a black successor The Chicago Defender and Southtown Star both endorsed Jackson who noted that public opinion polls show him as the favorite 154 156 The selection was coming at a time when the Governor s public approval ratings were at an all time low which added to the pressure for him to make a selection that would be good for his own political perception 160 and it was believed that Jackson s constituency was one that the Governor might need to appease 155 Although Obama and Duckworth laid a wreath together on Veterans Day Obama did not endorse a successor 161 However in an internal report filed by Obama legal advisor Greg Craig Obama authorized Emanuel to pass on the names of four people he considered to be highly qualified to take over his seat Illinois Comptroller Dan Hynes Illinois Veterans Affairs Director Tammy Duckworth Rep Jan Schakowsky and Rep Jesse Jackson Jr 162 On November 27 2008 Blagojevich hinted that Davis might be his choice 163 On December 6 the Chicago Tribune reported that Jackson was among the minority of potential candidates who had not been granted a meeting with Blagojevich on the subject 164 but two days later Blagojevich granted Jackson a meeting 165 On December 9 the day after a 90 minute meeting that Jackson described as his first meeting with Blagojevich in years 166 the Rod Blagojevich federal corruption scandal became public when the Governor was arrested 167 On December 10 Jackson was contacted by federal prosecutors for questioning with regard to the scandal involving Governor Blagojevich s search for a replacement The press speculated that Jackson was Senate Candidate 5 for whom it is alleged by Blagojevich that emissaries offered up to a million dollars in exchange for the appointment Jackson however denies any wrongdoing and says that the U S Attorney s office assured him that he is not a target of the investigation 168 169 In a press conference his lawyer confirmed his belief that Jackson is candidate No 5 but asserted that he has done nothing wrong 170 171 Immediately thereafter in his own news conference Jackson confirmed that he is a subject and not a target of the investigation and emphatically stated his opposition to pay to play politics 172 On December 16 a Jackson spokesperson confirmed special federal investigators have been questioning him since the summer 173 Also WLS TV reported December 15 that Jackson has notified investigators that Blagojevich refused to appoint Sandi Jackson his wife as state lottery director because Jackson refused to donate 25 000 to the governor s campaign fund 173 Jackson spokesman Kenneth Edmonds clarified that although Jackson had been a federal informant for over a decade 174 never did his cooperation concern the current investigation into the Senate seat 175 Although Blagojevich s corruption was reported to have been under federal investigation journalist Howard Fineman of the Huffington Post allegedly has sources that claim Jackson attributes the Obama replacement case to Obama s neutral stance According to Fineman s reported source Jackson felt if Obama had endorsed him Blagojevich would have selected Jackson 176 When the scandal first broke the reaction was that Jackson s reputation was sullied to the point that his viability as a senatorial candidate was diminished 177 However reports that Jackson has been a longtime federal information provider has led political allies to continue to speak of his viability as a candidate 178 After much controversy Roland Burris was successfully nominated by Blagojevich 179 180 In 2009 Jackson was named one of the 15 most corrupt members of Congress by the liberal Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington for his role in the scandal 181 On September 21 2010 Jackson addressed a claim by businessman Raghuveer Nayak to the FBI that Jackson purchased plane tickets for a woman Nayak identified as a social acquaintance of Jackson The reference to a social acquaintance is a private and personal matter between me and my wife that was handled some time ago Jackson said I ask that you respect our privacy 182 In September 2010 fundraiser Nayak was mentioned in the press as having been an alleged go between for Jackson and Blagojevich with the message that Jackson would help Blagojevich raise 6 million in exchange for the Senate appointment 183 The allegations became the subject of a Congressional ethics investigation 184 Author editIn December 1999 he co authored It s About the Money How You Can Get Out of Debt Build Wealth and Achieve Your Financial Dreams 185 The book is a self help book with directions for achieving personal financial independence 186 The book is targeted toward people of limited means 187 In the fall of 2001 he co authored Legal Lynching The Death Penalty and America s Future also known as Legal Lynching II 188 With coauthors Rev Jesse Jackson Jackson Jr and Bruce Shapiro the anti death penalty voice was heard very publicly 189 The book was published at a time when public opposition to the death penalty was at a historically high level by two of America s most prominent civil rights leaders 190 It was a follow up to Legal Lynching Racism Injustice and the Death Penalty 191 which was released in 1996 by Jackson Sr In 2001 Jackson Jr authored A More Perfect Union Advancing New American Rights with his press secretary Frank Watkins 192 The book outlines his moral and political philosophies and it provides an autobiographical sketch 193 It provides analysis on the link between race and economics from colonial America to the present with a vision for the future 193 194 In addition to the analysis it provides eight proposed constitutional amendments that Jackson sees as essential to pursuit of broader social and economic opportunity 195 Since the publication of this book Jackson has refined these and formally proposed these constitutional amendments 196 Personal life edit nbsp Jesse Jackson Jr s ex wife Sandi JacksonDuring the 1988 presidential campaign Jackson met his future wife Sandi Stevens who was press secretary for United States Congressman Mickey Leland 197 After her first year at Georgetown University Law Center the couple decided public higher education was more affordable and jointly enrolled at the University of Illinois College of Law While still law students they married on June 1 1991 198 Jackson and Sandi have two children Jesse III Tre and Jessica and keep two homes They own one in the South Shore community area 12 which is within both the 2nd district that Congressman Jackson represented in the United States House of Representatives and within the seventh ward that his wife represented on the Chicago City Council as Alderman The South Shore home serves as an election base for himself and candidates he has supported for which he claims a 13 0 record in public elections 12 The South Shore home was the featured renovation on an HGTV Hidden Potential episode first aired on March 24 2009 The Jacksons also own a home in Dupont Circle in Washington D C which served as the family home and base for his service in Congress 12 Jackson s earliest public controversy came when he was linked to alleged Nigerian drug trafficker Pius Ailemen Ailemen was supposed to be Jackson s best man at his 1991 wedding but canceled at the last minute due to supposed passport related issues Jackson and Aileman were investigated by the FBI the investigation and court proceedings extended for several years A wiretap recorded many conversations between the two and financial records indicate that Ailemen had purchased an Alfa Romeo using a 13 000 charge on Jackson s credit card 199 Ailemen was sentenced to 24 years and four months in jail 200 In 2003 Ailemen was denied petition for a writ of certiorari Ailemen s current motion questions Jackson s activities as a government informant at the time of his testimony in Ailemen s trial 201 Jackson acknowledges that he has had the benefits of privilege and opportunity and says that his hobbies include fencing hunting and fishing especially salmon fishing 49 132 He often enjoys these hobbies in bipartisan friendships that include Dick Armey and regarded the late Republican Rep Henry Hyde as one of his closest friends 132 In fact Armey points to Jackson as an example of his ability to work with politicians at all ends of the political spectrum 202 Jackson also has a very good relationship with Republican United States President George W Bush despite their sharp ideological differences 203 The relationship traces back to when Jackson Sr and United States President Elect George H W Bush met to discuss a range of issues while Jackson Jr and his siblings Santita and Jonathan had an hour and a half luncheon with future President George W 204 He also developed a relationship with Bill and Hillary Clinton that enabled him to watch Super Bowl XXXIII at Camp David with them 205 In March 2005 Jackson revealed that he had lost 50 pounds 22 7 kg 3 6 st due to bariatric surgery In Ebony Joe Madison revealed that when he and Jackson were on a panel at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation conference he asked Jackson why he looked so different He stated that Jackson described having undergone a duodenal switch medical procedure that his sister Santita had used to lose 200 pounds 90 7 kg 14 3 st over several years 206 Jackson is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity In 2006 when Jackson became a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity Nu Pi Chapter the Illinois House of Representatives issued a congratulatory resolution to his father 207 Jesse Sr is also a member of the Omega fraternity 208 Jackson Jr delivered the keynote address to the fraternity at the November 18 2006 Founder s Day gathering 208 He is also affiliated with the Theta Epsilon Chapter 209 Jackson is a martial arts enthusiast who practices kung fu tae kwon do and karate 210 On August 1 2007 Jackson got into a verbal disagreement with Rep Lee Terry a Republican from Nebraska on the House floor Jackson stated in floor debate that Republicans can t be trusted and Terry responded with shut up before approaching Jackson Jackson then spoke profanities and challenged Terry to step outside presumably for a physical fight Steve Rothman helped avoid escalation to actual physical confrontation 211 Martial artists throughout the Omaha Nebraska area Terry s district called to inquire about Jackson s mindset and intentions 210 Jackson says Terry was the instigator 210 Terry says Jackson was at fault but the two shook hands the next day and agreed to move forward in the interest of their constituents 212 However a week later an unidentified man who claimed to be a Jackson relative walked into Terry s Omaha office saying he was Jackson s hitman who had come to beat up Terry which led to FBI involvement 213 He used a battery powered GPS equipped Segway in Washington Jackson who missed two votes in his first thirteen years in Congress quipped that the Segway helped him to maintain his good voting record 214 On July 12 2012 Jackson s office acknowledged that he had been absent from Congress since June 10 stating that he was receiving intensive medical treatment at a residential treatment facility for a mood disorder 215 After weeks of the public s not knowing where the Congressman was his office announced on July 27 2012 that he was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota undergoing an extensive inpatient evaluation for depression and for gastrointestinal issues 216 On August 13 2012 the Mayo Clinic released a statement that Jackson was being treated for bipolar II disorder 217 On July 14 2016 Jackson filed for divorce from his wife in Cook County Illinois 218 They reached a settlement in April 2018 219 Electoral history editIllinois Congressman results 1995 2012 Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct Other Votes Pct1995 220 Jesse Jackson Jr 43 333 74 2 Thomas Somer 15 076 25 8 1996 221 Jesse Jackson Jr 172 648 94 1 Frank Stratman Libertarian 10 880 5 9 1998 222 Jesse Jackson Jr 148 985 89 4 Robert Gordon III 16 075 9 6 Matthew Beauchamp L 1 608 1 0 2000 223 Jesse Jackson Jr 175 995 89 8 Robert Gordon III 19 906 10 2 2002 224 Jesse Jackson Jr 151 443 82 3 Doug Nelson 32 567 17 7 2004 225 Jesse Jackson Jr 207 535 88 5 Stephanie Sailor L 26 990 11 5 2006 226 Jesse Jackson Jr 146 347 84 8 Robert Belin 20 395 11 8 Anthony Williams L 5 748 3 3 2008 227 Jesse Jackson Jr 242 250 89 2 Anthony W Williams 29 050 10 8 2010 228 Jesse Jackson Jr 150 666 80 5 Isaac C Hayes 25 883 13 8 Anthony W Williams Green 10 564 5 6 2012 229 Jesse Jackson Jr 188 303 63 3 Brian Woodworth 69 115 23 2 Marcus Lewis Independent 40 006 13 4 Published works editJackson Jesse L Jr with Frank E Watkins A More Perfect Union Advancing New American Rights Welcome Rain Publishers New York 2001 ISBN 1 56649 186 X See also editList of African American United States representatives List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes List of federal political scandals in the United StatesReferences edit O Connell Patrick M April 13 2018 Jesse Jackson Jr Sandi Jackson reach settlement in contentious divorce case chicagotribune com Retrieved February 22 2019 a b Dvorak Blake January 9 2008 The PM Line Time Retrieved April 18 2008 a b Illinois House Jesse Louis Jackson OnTheIssues org amp the SpeakOut Foundation Retrieved April 22 2008 Rafferty Andrew February 8 2013 Former Rep Jesse Jackson Jr admits to campaign finance violations NBC News Retrieved February 8 2013 Schmidt Michael S February 20 2013 Jackson Pleads Guilty to Wire and Mail Fraud The New York Times Retrieved February 20 2013 a b Jesse Jackson Jr sentenced to 2 years Chicago Sun Times Retrieved August 14 2013 Devlin Barrett August 14 2013 Former Rep Jackson Sentenced to 2 Years wsj com a b Jackson and Watkins p 28 Jackson and Watkins p 31 Cannon Angie January 21 2001 The Jackson Reaction As he does penance in the wilderness supporters predict he ll return U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on October 15 2008 Retrieved April 25 2008 a b Dionne E J Jr July 20 1988 The Democrats in Atlanta Jackson Rouses Democrats With Plea For Hope Saying Tonight I Salute Dukakis The New York Times Retrieved April 25 2008 a b c d e f g h i j k l Rhodes Steve May 2005 What Does Junior Want Chicago Magazine Retrieved April 24 2008 a b Johnson Dirk March 3 1998 Jesse Jackson Jr Is His Father s Son But He Reaches Beyond the Rainbow The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Jackson and Watkins p 29 Jackson and Watkins p 32 Johnson Dirk December 14 1995 Victory His Jesse Jackson Jr Heads to Congress The New York Times Retrieved February 4 2018 Faces in the Crowd Sports Illustrated February 13 1984 p 145 a b c d Biography of Representative Jesse L Jackson Jr house gov Archived from the original on April 16 2008 Retrieved April 21 2008 a b Jackson Jesse L Jr 1965 congress gov Retrieved April 21 2008 Smothers Ronald December 30 1983 Jackson Is Off To Syria To Seek Flier s Release The New York Times Retrieved April 25 2008 Gaiter Dorothy J April 18 1984 Jacqueline Jackson Finds Own Role The New York Times Retrieved April 26 2008 Jackson and Watkins p 33 Jackson and Watkins p 34 Lyall Sarah April 11 1988 New Yorkers Welcome Jackson Like a Celebrity The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 a b Carlson Margaret B August 1 1988 The Democrats Time Archived from the original on March 8 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Oreskes Michael July 23 1988 After The Convention Dukakis Sets Out To Parlay Unity into Fall Victory The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Terry Don November 24 1995 In House Election a Familiar Name The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Jackson and Watkins p 35 a b c d e Riding the Airwaves to Prominence Rhetorical Warriors CQ Fifty Congressional Quarterly October 30 1999 pp 115 117 Rep Jesse Jackson Jr original airdate January 13 2004 The Smiley Group Inc PBS org January 13 2004 Archived from the original on November 24 2009 Retrieved April 22 2008 Around The Nation Jackson Arrested in Embassy Protest The New York Times March 12 1985 Retrieved April 25 2008 a b c Junior Wins Time December 13 1995 Archived from the original on October 8 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Sports People Pro Basketball Survey Shows Lack of Jobs for Blacks The New York Times June 29 1993 Retrieved April 18 2008 a b Jackson and Watkins p 38 Congressional District 2 NationalAtlas gov United States Department of the Interior Archived from the original on December 19 2008 Retrieved 2009 02 11 Life After Mel Time September 5 1995 Archived from the original on October 7 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Johnson Dirk August 24 1995 In Congressman s District Conviction Evokes Regret The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Jesse Jackson s Son to Run for House Seat The New York Times September 10 1995 Retrieved April 18 2008 a b c d Jesse Jackson Jr Wins Primary in Chicago The New York Times November 29 1995 Retrieved April 18 2008 a b Filling Mel s Shoes Time November 28 1995 Archived from the original on October 8 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Jackson and Watkins p 39 Jackson on John Huang Contribution Press release Jesse Jackson Jr for Congress March 3 1997 Archived from the original on September 12 2008 Retrieved September 17 2008 Wayne Leslie March 2 1997 Fund Raiser Helped Members of Congress The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Jesse Jackson Jr Wins Primary in Chicago Published 1995 The New York Times November 29 1995 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 28 2020 Hardy Thomas Rubin Bonnie November 29 1995 JESSE JACKSON JR ROLLS OVER VETERAN OPPONENTS Chicago Tribune Retrieved October 28 2020 August Melissa Lina Lofaro Alice Park Jeffrey C Rubin Alain L Sanders and Sidney Urquhart December 11 1995 This Week Time Archived from the original on December 1 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Whitewater Smoking Gun or Squirt Gun A Long Way from His Shoeshine Stand U S News amp World Report December 17 1995 Archived from the original on October 15 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 Horowitz Janice M Lina Lofaro Michael Quinn Jeffrey C Rubin Alain L Sanders and Sidney Urquhart December 25 1995 This Week Time Archived from the original on March 7 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Johnson Dirk December 14 1995 Victory His Jesse Jackson Jr Heads to Congress The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Jesse Jackson Jr Sworn in as House Member The New York Times December 15 1995 Retrieved April 18 2008 Illinois Time November 4 1996 Archived from the original on October 29 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Results of Contests For the U S House District by District The New York Times November 7 1996 Retrieved April 18 2008 Berke Richard L February 22 1998 The Gore Guide to the Future The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Illinois District 2 Census Data The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 20 2007 Retrieved April 20 2008 The 2000 Elections Congress Electing the New Congress Races for the House and Senate The New York Times November 9 2000 Retrieved April 20 2008 Drinkard Jim Kathy Kiely April 26 2005 DeLay has company in ethical gray areas USA TODAY Retrieved April 21 2008 2002 primary results Shanton Elizabeth January 17 2002 Jesse Jackson Jr Sues Challenger The New York Times Retrieved April 20 2008 Lawmaker Loses Bid to Question Opponents The New York Times January 15 2002 Retrieved April 20 2008 Janega James February 2 2002 Jackson s same name foe quits race Chicago Tribune Retrieved June 11 2023 The 2004 Elections Congress The Races for the House The New York Times November 4 2004 Retrieved April 20 2008 Goodnough Abby March 30 2005 Jesse Jackson Takes Up Cause of Schiavo s Parents The New York Times Retrieved April 20 2008 Lowenstein Roger July 9 2006 The Immigration Equation The New York Times Retrieved April 21 2008 2006 results a b c d e f Luker Amanda September 18 2009 Jesse Jackson Jr A Different Vision Utne Reader Periscope Jesse Jr s Quid Pro Quo Newsweek February 26 1996 p 6 Stanglin Douglas Jerelyn Eddings Kenneth T Walsh Kevin Whitelaw Edward T Pound Jeff Trimble and Linda Fasulo September 29 1996 Jesse Jackson s Newest Rival Jesse Jr Crunch Point On Their Own Court Politics Spy vs Spies High on 42nd Street U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on October 15 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Metro Digest The New York Times May 24 1996 Retrieved April 19 2008 Haberman Clyde April 11 1997 2 Standards About Words on Farrakhan The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 The Century Club A Newsweek List Of 100 People To Watch As America Prepares To Pass Through The Gate To The Next Millennium Newsweek April 21 1997 Archived from the original on February 15 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Alt URL Allen Jodie T February 27 2000 Trade Wars Become the Thrilla on the Hill Strange allies line up for a high stakes fight U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on October 15 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 Schmitt Eric March 16 1998 Bill to Push Africa Trade Is Approved The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Schmitt Eric September 12 1996 Foreign Investment Agency Is Rebuffed in House Vote The New York Times Retrieved April 18 2008 Harmon Amy July 4 1999 Personal Business Filling a Skill Shortage Close to Home The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Clinton impeachment vote White Jack E December 3 2000 No Toms Need Apply Time Archived from the original on January 24 2001 Retrieved April 18 2008 Keily Kathy December 7 2006 Hyde leaving Congress with mixed feelings USA TODAY Retrieved April 21 2008 Johnson Dirk July 28 1998 Democrats Cast Wary Eye on One of Their Own The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Objections Aside a Smiling Gore Certifies Bush Los Angeles Times January 7 2001 Napolitano Jo June 19 2004 Plan for Indian Casino Splits Illinois Town The New York Times Retrieved April 21 2008 Watkins Frank June 7 2006 Jackson Secures Funds For Rosa Parks Statue Press release house gov Archived from the original on March 27 2008 Retrieved April 21 2008 Bush signs bill for Rosa Parks statue in Capitol USA TODAY December 1 2005 Retrieved April 21 2008 Briscoe Daren January 7 2005 In Defeat a Victory Newsweek Archived from the original on August 15 2007 Retrieved April 18 2008 Bush carries Electoral College after delay CNN January 6 2005 Retrieved December 29 2012 Final Vote Results for Roll Call 7 On Agreeing to the Objection U S House of Representatives January 6 2005 Retrieved December 24 2012 Salvato Albert December 29 2004 Ohio Recount Gives a Smaller Margin to Bush The New York Times Al Sharpton Courts and Civil Liberties Time May 4 2004 Archived from the original on November 25 2004 Retrieved April 30 2008 McCormack Kelly June 13 2007 Appropriators rename main CVC hall and OK funding for legislative branch The Hill Archived from the original on January 20 2008 Retrieved May 23 2008 W ashington News U S News amp World Report April 25 2007 Archived from the original on October 15 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 House would pay 1998 bomb victims USA TODAY October 3 2007 Retrieved April 21 2008 Bevan Tom July 3 2007 Flood the Scooter Zone Time Retrieved April 18 2008 Congressman stands by his proposal An iPad for every student Manker Rob April 18 2011 Jesse Jackson Jr blames iPad for higher unemployment Chicago Tribune Retrieved July 11 2012 Lipman Jonathan February 28 2007 Election 2007 Chicago Corruption hurts Troutman but Daley gets away unscathed Daily Southtown Retrieved February 16 2009 February 2007 Municipal Alderman 7th Ward Chicago Board of Elections Commission 2007 Archived from the original on January 15 2009 Retrieved February 16 2009 U S Representative Jesse Jackson Jr IL 2 Democratic National Convention Committee Inc August 25 2008 Archived from the original on January 4 2009 Retrieved 2009 02 16 2008 Democratic National Convention Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Jesse Jackson Jr Member of the U S House of Representatives Illinois Forbes August 25 2008 Retrieved August 28 2008 dead link Jackson sees the mountain top Daily Herald August 25 2008 Retrieved August 28 2008 Von Drehle David August 26 2008 Telling Obama s American Story Time Archived from the original on August 27 2008 Retrieved October 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groundbreaking for Peotone airport Chicago Tribune April 21 2012 Archived from the original on April 22 2012 Retrieved April 22 2012 Representative Jesse L Jackson Jr Library of Congress Archived from the original on April 30 2008 Retrieved April 22 2008 Springen Karen May 15 2008 Whole Lotta Lincoln Lincoln s bicentennial will be packed with books exhibitions debates contests and a Spielberg movie Newsweek Retrieved October 12 2008 Lincoln in Illinois Barnesandnoble com llc 2008 Archived from the original on July 16 2012 Retrieved October 12 2008 Sneed Michael June 25 2012 Jesse Jackson Jr takes medical leave for exhaustion Chicago Sun Times Retrieved July 5 2012 Rep Jackson suffering from mood disorder CBS News Retrieved July 12 2012 Szalavitz Maia August 16 2012 Jesse Jackson Jr s Bipolar 2 A Diagnosis Muddled by the Market Time Time Inc Retrieved August 16 2012 Korecki Natasha Feds probe suspicious activity in Jesse Jackson Jr s finances sources Chicago Sun Times Retrieved October 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Candidate 5 ABC News Retrieved December 10 2008 Jackson I ve done nothing wrong The Politico December 10 2008 Retrieved December 10 2008 Roth Zachary December 10 2008 Jackson s Lawyer I Assume He s Candidate 5 TPM Muckraker TPM Media LLC Archived from the original on December 15 2008 Retrieved December 10 2008 Attorney US Rep Jesse Jackson Is Candidate 5 The New York Times December 10 2008 Retrieved December 10 2008 dead link CQ Transcript Rep Jesse Jackson Jr Holds Press Conference on Blagojevich Affair CQPolitics Congressional Quarterly December 10 2008 Archived from the original on December 15 2008 Retrieved 2008 12 10 a b Thomas Charles December 15 2008 Jackson Jr May Have Been Working With Feds ABC Inc WLS TV DT Chicago Illinois Archived from the original on December 17 2008 Retrieved December 17 2008 Jackson Jr an informant to Blago investigations CNN com Cable News Network LP LLLP December 16 2008 Retrieved December 18 2008 Fusco Chris Tim Novak December 22 2008 What Really Happened with Jackson Jr Feds Chicago Sun Times Archived from the original on February 7 2009 Retrieved 2009 02 13 Fineman Howard December 10 2008 What Jesse Jr Wants Surfing Blagojevich s wake on Chicago s South Side Newsweek Retrieved December 12 2008 Carney Timothy P Timothy P December 17 2008 ENPR Illinois Colorado and New York Senate Vacancies Kick Off 2010 Race Human Events Retrieved February 13 2009 Pinkerton James P December 17 2008 A Black Senate Seat Fox News Channel Retrieved February 13 2009 Senate Dems expect to seat Burris Thursday Burris I really never doubted that I would be seated NBC News January 13 2009 Retrieved January 14 2009 Davis Susan January 13 2009 Roland Burris to Be Sworn in as Senator on Thursday The Wall Street Journal Retrieved January 14 2009 Bartosik Matt September 16 2009 Burris Jackson Are Among Most Corrupt The Black Collegian Magazine Retrieved September 28 2009 Babwin Don September 21 2010 Jackson Jr denies report about Blagojevich funds BET Associated Press Fitzsimmons Emma Graves September 21 2010 Illinois Congressman Denies Dealing for Senate Seat The New York Times Retrieved October 19 2011 Weber Joseph July 11 2012 Rep Jackson facing mounting calls to explain illness extended absence Fox News Channel Retrieved July 11 2012 Jackson Jesse L Jr Jesse L Jackson Sr 1999 It s About the Money How You Can Get Out of Debt Build Wealth and Achieve Your Financial Dreams Random House Incorporated ISBN 978 0 8129 3296 6 It s About the Money How You Can Get Out of Debt Build Wealth and Achieve Your Financial Dreams Random House Incorporated Retrieved April 19 2008 permanent dead link Packer George December 12 1999 Trickle Down Civil Rights The New York Times Retrieved April 19 2008 Jackson Jesse L Jr Jesse L Jackson Sr and Bruce Shapiro 2001 Legal Lynching II New Press ISBN 978 1 56584 685 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Sachs Andrea August 16 2001 Galley Girl Moon Unit Zappa Edition Time Archived from the original on October 30 2010 Retrieved April 18 2008 Legal Lynching The New Press Retrieved April 18 2008 Jackson Jesse L Sr 1996 Legal Lynching Racism Injustice and the Death Penalty Marlowe amp Co ISBN 1 56924 761 7 Jackson Jesse L Jr Frank Watkins 2001 A More Perfect Union Advancing New American Rights Welcome Rain Publisher ISBN 1 56649 186 X a b A More Perfect Union Hardcover Welcome Rain October 15 2001 Retrieved April 21 2008 Stanton Robert G May 17 2001 Rally on the High Ground National Park Service Retrieved April 21 2008 Dyson Michael Eric December 11 2001 8 steps to equality New book by Rep Jackson offers bold strategy for improving the lives of everyday Americans Chicago Sun Times Retrieved May 23 2008 Thomas John D August 3 2003 Rep Jackson keeps pen busy with changes for Constitution Chicago Tribune Retrieved September 17 2008 Jackson and Watkins p 36 Jackson and Watkins p 37 Simpson Burney March 1996 Jesse Junior Making a name for himself Illinois Periodicals Online Illinois State Library Retrieved May 29 2008 Hoppin Jason June 13 2002 9th Circuit May Let Ailemen Sentence Stand Cal Law ALM Properties Inc Archived from the original on October 17 2008 Retrieved May 29 2008 Supreme Court Orders FindLaw February 24 2003 Retrieved May 29 2008 Tapper Jake September 1 2002 The Way We Live Now 9 1 02 Questions For Dick Armey Retiring Not Shy The New York Times Retrieved April 20 2008 Bailey Holly January 24 2007 And Then The President Hugged Me And Kissed Me And For One Magical Moment I Felt Just Like Joe Lieberman Newsweek Archived from the original on January 4 2013 Retrieved April 18 2008 Weinraub Bernard December 1 1988 Washington Talk Bush and Jackson Seek Common Ground The New York Times Retrieved April 25 2008 Transcripts Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr Time Time Inc Yahoo Chat February 1 1999 Archived from the original on April 1 2008 Retrieved 2008 04 30 Orakwue Stella January 2008 What rich black folks do poor black folks copy New African CNET Networks Inc Archived from the original on September 25 2009 Retrieved April 27 2008 Full Text of HR1492 Illinois General Assembly Legislative Information System Retrieved April 27 2008 a b Jackson Jesse Jr November 18 2006 The Enduring and Everlasting Call to Omega Jesse Jackson Jr for Congress Archived from the original on September 9 2008 Retrieved April 28 2008 Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc Theta Epsilon Chapter Kappa Psi Chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc 2007 Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved April 27 2008 a b c Morton Joseph August 3 2007 Jesse Jackson Lee Terry was aggressor Omaha World Herald Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved April 22 2008 Morton Joseph August 2 2007 Lee Terry Jackson go toe to toe on House floor Omaha World Herald Archived from the original on August 18 2007 Retrieved April 22 2008 Akers Mary Ann August 3 2007 Rep Jackson Jr and Lee Terry Still Spatting The Sleuth Archived from the original on September 5 2008 Retrieved April 22 2008 Akers Mary Ann August 9 2007 Third Party Enters Spat Between Reps Jackson Jr and Lee Terry The Washington Post Archived from the original on October 13 2008 Retrieved April 22 2008 Parker Ashley June 12 2008 Counting Steps Not Votes on Capitol Hill The New York Times Retrieved August 27 2008 Monica Davey For a Soaring Political Career Uncertain Turns The New York Times July 11 2012 Jesse Jackson Jr in Mayo Clinic for depression USA Today July 28 2012 Retrieved July 28 2012 Rep Jackson Jr treated for bipolar disorder USA Today August 13 2012 Retrieved August 13 2012 Ex Rep Jesse Jackson divorce trial date set after mediation was not successful Chicago Tribune July 25 2017 Retrieved February 20 2019 Jesse Jackson Jr Sandi Jackson reach settlement in contentious divorce case Chicago Tribune April 13 2018 Retrieved February 20 2019 Jesse Jackson Jr Elected The New York Times December 13 1995 Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5 1996 Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3 1998 Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7 2000 PDF Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5 2002 PDF Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2 2004 PDF Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7 2006 PDF Clerk of the House of Representatives Retrieved May 5 2008 The Races for the House The New York Times November 6 2008 Retrieved November 21 2008 STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2 2010 PDF 2012 General Election Results U S House of Representatives Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on November 12 2012 Retrieved December 16 2012 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jesse Jackson Jr U S Congressman Jesse L Jackson Jr official U S House website Jesse Jackson Jr Congressman official campaign website Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Financial information federal office at the Federal Election Commission Profile at Vote Smart Appearances on C SPAN Biography at Answers comArticlesInterview Congressman Jesse L Jackson Jr Buzzflash December 30 2002 Jackson Jr Jesse The Right to Vote The Nation January 19 2006U S House of RepresentativesPreceded byMel Reynolds Member of the U S House of Representativesfrom Illinois s 2nd congressional district1995 2012 Succeeded byRobin KellyU S order of precedence ceremonial Preceded byJerry Huckabyas Former US Representative Order of precedence of the United Statesas Former US Representative Succeeded byDan Lipinskias Former US Representative Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jesse Jackson Jr amp oldid 1213406392 Electoral history, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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