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Education in Shanghai

January 01, 1970

Education in Shanghai includes five years of primary education, four years of junior secondary education, and three years of senior secondary education, as well as higher education, including universities and colleges.

Tertiary education and research edit

Further information: List of universities and colleges in Shanghai and List of universities in China

Shanghai is an international center of research and development and as of 2022, it was ranked third globally and second in the whole Asia & Oceania region (after Beijing) by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index.[1] It is also a major center of higher education in China. As of 2023, Shanghai had 68 universities and colleges, ranking first in East China region as a city with most higher education institutions.[2]

Shanghai has many highly ranked educational institutions,[3][4] with 15 universities listed in 147 Double First-Class Universities ranking second nationwide among all cities in China (after Beijing). A number of China's most prestigious universities appearing in the global university rankings are based in Shanghai, including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, East China University of Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai International Studies University, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai Maritime University, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai Conservatory of Music, and Shanghai University of Sport.[4][5][6] Some of these universities were selected as "985 universities" or "211 universities" since the 90s by the Chinese government in order to build world-class universities.[7][8]

 
Fudan University

Shanghai is a seat of two members (Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University) of the C9 League, an alliance of elite Chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education,[9] and these two universities are ranked consistently in the Asia top 10, [10][11] and in the global top 100 research comprehensive universities according to the most influential university rankings in the world such as QS Rankings, Shanghai Rankings, Times Higher Education Rankings and U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking.[12][13][14][4]

The other two members of the "Project 985", Tongji University and East China Normal University, are also based in Shanghai and internationally; they are regarded as one of the most reputable Chinese universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where they ranked 150–175th globally.[15] The city is also home to the Shanghai University of Sport, which consistently ranks the best in China among universities specialized in sports.[16] As of 2023, Shanghai University of Sport ranks #1 in Asia and #36 globally according to the "Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments 2023" released by Shanghai Ranking.[17]

The city has many Chinese–foreign joint education institutes [zh], such as the Shanghai University–University of Technology Sydney Business School since 1994, the University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute since 2006, and New York University Shanghai—the first China–U.S. joint venture university—since 2012.[18][19] Fudan University established a joint EMBA program with Washington University in St. Louis in 2002 which has since consistently been ranked as one of the best in the world.[20][21] In 2012, NYU Shanghai was established in Pudong by New York University in partnership with East China Normal University as the first Sino-US joint venture university. In 2013 the Shanghai Municipality and the Chinese Academy of Sciences founded the ShanghaiTech University in the Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park in Pudong. This new research university is aiming to be a first-class institution on a national and international level.[22] The cadre school China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong is also located in Shanghai, as well as the China Europe International Business School.

The city government's education agency is the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.

The city is also a seat of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China's oldest think tank for the humanities and social sciences. It is the largest one outside the capital of Beijing after the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).[23]

Historically Shanghai was a center of higher education. In 1949 it, which at the time held 1.43% of the people in the country, had 41 institutions of higher education, 20% of the country's total number of such.[24]

Primary and secondary education edit

 
Shanghai Jiao Tong University Library

The city government's education agency is the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.

Children with foreign passports are permitted to attend any public school in Shanghai. Prior to 2007 they were permitted to attend 150 select public schools. In 2006 about 2,000 non-Chinese nationals under 18 years of age attended Shanghai public schools.[25] Students with Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) above 3 or 4 may attend public schools using Mandarin Chinese as the medium of instruction, while students below HSK 3–4 may attend international divisions of public schools or private international schools.[26]

Shanghai ranked first in the 2009 and 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), a worldwide study of academic performance of 15-year-old students conducted by the OECD. Shanghai students, including migrant children, scored highest in every aspect (math, reading and science) in the world. The study concludes that public-funded schools in Shanghai have the highest educational quality in the world.[27][28] Critics of PISA results counter that, in Shanghai and other Chinese cities, most children of migrant workers can only attend city schools up to the ninth grade, and must return to their parents' hometowns for high school due to hukou restrictions, thus skewing the composition of the city's high school students in favor of wealthier local families.[29]

The 2010 census shows that out of Shanghai's total population, 22.0% had a college education, double the level from 2000, while 21.0% had high school, 36.5% middle school, and 1.35% primary school education. 2.74% of residents age 15 and older were illiterate.[30]

As of 2011 Shanghai has more than 930 kindergartens, 1,200 primary and 850 middle schools. Over 760,000 middle schools students and 871,000 primary school students are taught by 76,000 and 64,000 teaching staff respectively.[31]

The city government has a financing scheme meant to spread resources to lower income areas by collecting taxes from all areas and then redistributing the money according to need.[32]

History edit

In the late Qing Dynasty, school districts were introduced into Shanghai, allowing for communities to set local education policies and making education more common. By 1936, 59% of children total were enrolled in educational institutions; of those enrolled in school, about two-thirds were boys and the rest were girls. Grace C. L. Mak and Leslie N. K. Lo, authors of "Education," wrote that education in the city was "way ahead the rest of China" in 1949 although those standards would have been "weak" in 1996.[24] Virtually all children of primary school age in urban areas in the city were enrolled in school by 1958, and by 1983 the same went for children of those ages in rural areas of Shanghai Municipality.[24] Shanghai was the first city in the country to implement 9-year mandatory education consisting of elementary school and junior high school.[33] The city previously designated "key schools" or favored schools which received more resources than others, but ended the system in 1994.[34]

A third party management system called "entrusted management", in which low performing schools received outside management, was given trials in 2005 and permanently established in 2007.[35]

In September 2021 the Shanghai authorities will begin requiring children in primary and secondary to study Xi Jinping thought. Additionally, from that date primary schools will no longer have final examinations about the English language.[36]

International schools edit

As of 2019 Shanghai had about 20 international schools.[37] As of 2015 Shanghai has the largest number of international schools of any city in China.

Schools for children of foreign residents include:[38]

Kindergartens for children of foreign residents include:[38]

  • OISCA Shanghai Japanese Kindergarten
  • Shanghai Angel Kindergarten
  • Shanghai Utsukushigaoka Montessori Kindergarten
  • Toshin International Kindergarten
  • Tiny Tots International Pre-School and Kindergarten

Other international schools include:

Defunct:

References edit

  • Zhang, Minxuan, Jinjie Xu, and Chuangyuan Sun. "Effective Teachers for Successful Schools and High Performing Students: The Case of Shanghai" (Chapter 9). In: Lee, Sing Kong, Wing On Lee, and Ee Ling Low (editors). Educational Policy Innovations: Levelling Up and Sustaining Educational Achievement. Springer Science & Business Media, 27 October 2013. ISBN 9814560081, 9789814560085. Start: p. 143.

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Leading science cities by the numbers". Nature. 25 November 2022. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-02881-8. PMID 36434184. S2CID 253966881.
  2. ^ "全国普通高等学校名单 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". hudong.moe.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  3. ^ "All 30 Universities in Shanghai | Rankings 2022". UniversityGuru. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "US News Best Global Universities in Shanghai". U.S. News & World Report. 26 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Top 10 institutions in Shanghai_Nature Index 2020 Science Cities". natureindex.com. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  6. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  7. ^ "Shanghai 985 Project Universities list". China's University and College Admission System. from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  8. ^ "Shanghai 211 Project Universities | Study in China | CUCAS". cucas.cn. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  9. ^ "Eastern stars: Universities of China's C9 League excel in select fields". Times Higher Education (THE). 17 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Asia University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 13 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  11. ^ "QS Asia University Rankings 2023 – Overall". Top Universities. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Shanghai". Top Universities. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Best universities in Shanghai". Student. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  14. ^ . Shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  15. ^ "World Reputation Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 25 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Ranking of Chinese Sport Science Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  17. ^ "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  18. ^ He, Qi (13 June 2018). "Program offers global degrees – Chinadaily.com.cn". China Daily. from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  19. ^ Wang, Wei; Lu, Zihua (30 October 2018). 上海中外合作办学走过25年 已在各区遍地开花. Xinmin Evening News (in Chinese). from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  20. ^ . Financial Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Executive MBA in Shanghai | WashU Olin Business School". olin.wustl.edu. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  22. ^ Rouhi, Maureen (19 January 2015). "ShanghaiTech Aims To Raise The Bar For Higher Education In China" 19 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved on 19 November 2015.
  23. ^ . 10 September 2019. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  24. ^ a b c Mak, Grace C. L. and Leslie N. K. Lo. "Education" (Chapter 15). In: Yeung, Y. M. and Sung Yun-wing (editors). Shanghai: Transformation and Modernization Under China's Open Policy. The Chinese University Press, 1996. ISBN 9622016677, 9789622016675. Start: p. 135. CITED: p. 378.
  25. ^ "Neighborhood Schools Open to Foreign Kids " (). Shanghai Daily at China.org.cn. 9 December 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  26. ^ Lau, Jessie. "Shanghai international schools are priced beyond the reach of many expats 14 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine" (print title: "International schools out of reach for many"). South China Morning Post. Sunday 13 September 2015. Retrieved on 14 September 2015.
  27. ^ Dillon, Sam (7 December 2010). "In PISA Test, Top Scores From Shanghai Stun Experts". The New York Times. from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  28. ^ "How China is winning the school race". BBC. 11 October 2011. from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  29. ^ Gao, Helen (23 January 2014), "Shanghai Test Scores and the Mystery of the Missing Children" 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times. For Schleicher's response to these criticisms see his post, "Are the Chinese Cheating in PISA Or Are We Cheating Ourselves?" on the OECD's website blog, Education Today, 10 December 2013. 17 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ [Shanghai sixth national census in 2010 Communiqué on Major Data]. Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. 3 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  31. ^ . Seaie.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  32. ^ Liang, Xiaoyan, Huma Kidwai, Minxuan Zhang, and Yinan Zhang. How Shanghai Does It: Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World.World Bank Publications, 8 April 2016. ISBN 1464807914, 9781464807916. p. 60. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0790-9.
  33. ^ Zhang, Xu, and Sun, p. 143.
  34. ^ Liang, Xiaoyan, Huma Kidwai, Minxuan Zhang, and Yinan Zhang. How Shanghai Does It: Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World.World Bank Publications, 8 April 2016. ISBN 1464807914, 9781464807916. p. 60-61. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0790-9.
  35. ^ Liang, Xiaoyan, Huma Kidwai, Minxuan Zhang, and Yinan Zhang. How Shanghai Does It: Insights and Lessons from the Highest-Ranking Education System in the World.World Bank Publications, 8 April 2016. ISBN 1464807914, 9781464807916. p. 61. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0790-9.
  36. ^ Matsuda, Naoki (2021-08-14). "English out, Xi Jinping Thought in at Shanghai schools". Nikkei Shimbun. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
  37. ^ "Education in Shanghai". City of Shanghai. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  38. ^ a b "List of 36 schools for children of foreigners". Shanghai Municipality. 2020-09-15. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  39. ^ (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2014-11-11. Archived from the original on 2015-06-27. Retrieved 2019-07-11.

Further reading edit

January 01, 1970
education, shanghai, includes, five, years, primary, education, four, years, junior, secondary, education, three, years, senior, secondary, education, well, higher, education, including, universities, colleges, contents, tertiary, education, research, primary,. Education in Shanghai includes five years of primary education four years of junior secondary education and three years of senior secondary education as well as higher education including universities and colleges Contents 1 Tertiary education and research 2 Primary and secondary education 2 1 History 2 2 International schools 3 References 3 1 Notes 4 Further readingTertiary education and research editFurther information List of universities and colleges in Shanghai and List of universities in ChinaShanghai is an international center of research and development and as of 2022 it was ranked third globally and second in the whole Asia amp Oceania region after Beijing by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index 1 It is also a major center of higher education in China As of 2023 Shanghai had 68 universities and colleges ranking first in East China region as a city with most higher education institutions 2 Shanghai has many highly ranked educational institutions 3 4 with 15 universities listed in 147 Double First Class Universities ranking second nationwide among all cities in China after Beijing A number of China s most prestigious universities appearing in the global university rankings are based in Shanghai including Fudan University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Tongji University East China Normal University Shanghai University East China University of Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai University of Finance and Economics ShanghaiTech University Shanghai International Studies University University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai Normal University Shanghai Maritime University Second Military Medical University Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai Conservatory of Music and Shanghai University of Sport 4 5 6 Some of these universities were selected as 985 universities or 211 universities since the 90s by the Chinese government in order to build world class universities 7 8 nbsp Fudan University Shanghai is a seat of two members Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University of the C9 League an alliance of elite Chinese universities offering comprehensive and leading education 9 and these two universities are ranked consistently in the Asia top 10 10 11 and in the global top 100 research comprehensive universities according to the most influential university rankings in the world such as QS Rankings Shanghai Rankings Times Higher Education Rankings and U S News amp World Report Best Global Universities Ranking 12 13 14 4 The other two members of the Project 985 Tongji University and East China Normal University are also based in Shanghai and internationally they are regarded as one of the most reputable Chinese universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where they ranked 150 175th globally 15 The city is also home to the Shanghai University of Sport which consistently ranks the best in China among universities specialized in sports 16 As of 2023 Shanghai University of Sport ranks 1 in Asia and 36 globally according to the Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments 2023 released by Shanghai Ranking 17 The city has many Chinese foreign joint education institutes zh such as the Shanghai University University of Technology Sydney Business School since 1994 the University of Michigan Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute since 2006 and New York University Shanghai the first China U S joint venture university since 2012 18 19 Fudan University established a joint EMBA program with Washington University in St Louis in 2002 which has since consistently been ranked as one of the best in the world 20 21 In 2012 NYU Shanghai was established in Pudong by New York University in partnership with East China Normal University as the first Sino US joint venture university In 2013 the Shanghai Municipality and the Chinese Academy of Sciences founded the ShanghaiTech University in the Zhangjiang Hi Tech Park in Pudong This new research university is aiming to be a first class institution on a national and international level 22 The cadre school China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong is also located in Shanghai as well as the China Europe International Business School The city government s education agency is the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission The city is also a seat of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences China s oldest think tank for the humanities and social sciences It is the largest one outside the capital of Beijing after the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CASS 23 Historically Shanghai was a center of higher education In 1949 it which at the time held 1 43 of the people in the country had 41 institutions of higher education 20 of the country s total number of such 24 Primary and secondary education edit nbsp Shanghai Jiao Tong University Library The city government s education agency is the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Children with foreign passports are permitted to attend any public school in Shanghai Prior to 2007 they were permitted to attend 150 select public schools In 2006 about 2 000 non Chinese nationals under 18 years of age attended Shanghai public schools 25 Students with Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi HSK above 3 or 4 may attend public schools using Mandarin Chinese as the medium of instruction while students below HSK 3 4 may attend international divisions of public schools or private international schools 26 Shanghai ranked first in the 2009 and 2012 Program for International Student Assessment PISA a worldwide study of academic performance of 15 year old students conducted by the OECD Shanghai students including migrant children scored highest in every aspect math reading and science in the world The study concludes that public funded schools in Shanghai have the highest educational quality in the world 27 28 Critics of PISA results counter that in Shanghai and other Chinese cities most children of migrant workers can only attend city schools up to the ninth grade and must return to their parents hometowns for high school due to hukou restrictions thus skewing the composition of the city s high school students in favor of wealthier local families 29 The 2010 census shows that out of Shanghai s total population 22 0 had a college education double the level from 2000 while 21 0 had high school 36 5 middle school and 1 35 primary school education 2 74 of residents age 15 and older were illiterate 30 As of 2011 update Shanghai has more than 930 kindergartens 1 200 primary and 850 middle schools Over 760 000 middle schools students and 871 000 primary school students are taught by 76 000 and 64 000 teaching staff respectively 31 The city government has a financing scheme meant to spread resources to lower income areas by collecting taxes from all areas and then redistributing the money according to need 32 History edit In the late Qing Dynasty school districts were introduced into Shanghai allowing for communities to set local education policies and making education more common By 1936 59 of children total were enrolled in educational institutions of those enrolled in school about two thirds were boys and the rest were girls Grace C L Mak and Leslie N K Lo authors of Education wrote that education in the city was way ahead the rest of China in 1949 although those standards would have been weak in 1996 24 Virtually all children of primary school age in urban areas in the city were enrolled in school by 1958 and by 1983 the same went for children of those ages in rural areas of Shanghai Municipality 24 Shanghai was the first city in the country to implement 9 year mandatory education consisting of elementary school and junior high school 33 The city previously designated key schools or favored schools which received more resources than others but ended the system in 1994 34 A third party management system called entrusted management in which low performing schools received outside management was given trials in 2005 and permanently established in 2007 35 In September 2021 the Shanghai authorities will begin requiring children in primary and secondary to study Xi Jinping thought Additionally from that date primary schools will no longer have final examinations about the English language 36 International schools edit As of 2019 update Shanghai had about 20 international schools 37 As of 2015 Shanghai has the largest number of international schools of any city in China Schools for children of foreign residents include 38 Britannica International School Shanghai Dulwich College Shanghai Concordia International School Shanghai Fudan International School German School Shanghai Hongqiao and Yangpu Campuses Harrow Shanghai Hong Qiao International School Rainbow Bridge International School Japanese Classroom Shanghai Educational Academy Lycee Francais de Shanghai Hongqiao and Yangpu Campuses The International Division of No 2 High School of East China Normal University Nord Anglia International School Shanghai Pudong Shanghai American School Shanghai Community International School Shanghai Experimental School International Division International Division of Shanghai Foreign Language School Affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University Shanghai High School International Division Shanghai Hishou Japanese Continuation Study Center Shanghai Japanese School Shanghai Jincai High School International Division Shanghai Korean School Shanghai Livingston American School Shanghai Qinghai Korea Academy Shanghai Soong Ching Ling School International Division Shanghai Singapore International School Shanghai Sundai School Shanghai Yimai Japanese Mandarin Learning Institute Toshin International After School Wellington College International Shanghai Western International School of Shanghai Yew Chung International School of Shanghai Kindergartens for children of foreign residents include 38 OISCA Shanghai Japanese Kindergarten Shanghai Angel Kindergarten Shanghai Utsukushigaoka Montessori Kindergarten Toshin International Kindergarten Tiny Tots International Pre School and Kindergarten Other international schools include Adcote School Shanghai Bond Canadian Academy The British International School Shanghai Puxi Campus Canadian International Academy Canadian Trillium College International Philippine School Shanghai Maple Leaf International High School Shanghai Nord Anglia Chinese International School Russian Consulate School in Shanghai Russian Nachalnaya obsheobrazovatelnaya shkola pri Generalnom konsulstve Rossijskoj Federacii v Shanhae 39 Shanghai Pinghe School Shanghai United International School The SMIC Private School Shanghai World Foreign Language Middle School YK Pao School Defunct Shanghai Rego International SchoolReferences editZhang Minxuan Jinjie Xu and Chuangyuan Sun Effective Teachers for Successful Schools and High Performing Students The Case of Shanghai Chapter 9 In Lee Sing Kong Wing On Lee and Ee Ling Low editors Educational Policy Innovations Levelling Up and Sustaining Educational Achievement Springer Science amp Business Media 27 October 2013 ISBN 9814560081 9789814560085 Start p 143 Notes edit Leading science cities by the numbers Nature 25 November 2022 doi 10 1038 d41586 022 02881 8 PMID 36434184 S2CID 253966881 全国普通高等学校名单 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站 hudong moe gov cn Retrieved 2023 12 28 All 30 Universities in Shanghai Rankings 2022 UniversityGuru Retrieved 20 March 2022 a b c US News Best Global Universities in Shanghai U S News amp World Report 26 October 2021 Top 10 institutions in Shanghai Nature Index 2020 Science Cities natureindex com Retrieved 8 October 2020 ShanghaiRanking s Academic Ranking of World Universities www shanghairanking com Retrieved 2023 12 29 Shanghai 985 Project Universities list China s University and College Admission System Archived from the original on 28 October 2019 Retrieved 28 October 2019 Shanghai 211 Project Universities Study in China CUCAS cucas cn Retrieved 8 December 2020 Eastern stars Universities of China s C9 League excel in select fields Times Higher Education THE 17 February 2011 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Asia University Rankings Times Higher Education THE 13 June 2023 Retrieved 23 June 2023 QS Asia University Rankings 2023 Overall Top Universities Retrieved 23 June 2023 Shanghai Top Universities 30 November 2015 Retrieved 8 October 2020 Best universities in Shanghai Student 29 October 2020 Retrieved 26 February 2021 World University Rankings 2020 China Universities in Top 1000 universities Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 Shanghai Ranking 2020 Shanghairanking com Archived from the original on 15 April 2021 Retrieved 26 February 2021 World Reputation Rankings Times Higher Education THE 25 October 2021 Retrieved 29 October 2021 Ranking of Chinese Sport Science Universities www shanghairanking com Retrieved 18 July 2023 ShanghaiRanking s Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments www shanghairanking com Retrieved 2023 12 29 He Qi 13 June 2018 Program offers global degrees Chinadaily com cn China Daily Archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Retrieved 24 October 2019 Wang Wei Lu Zihua 30 October 2018 上海中外合作办学走过25年 已在各区遍地开花 Xinmin Evening News in Chinese Archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Retrieved 24 October 2019 Business school rankings from the Financial Times Financial Times Archived from the original on 18 March 2020 Retrieved 28 February 2020 Executive MBA in Shanghai WashU Olin Business School olin wustl edu Retrieved 28 February 2020 Rouhi Maureen 19 January 2015 ShanghaiTech Aims To Raise The Bar For Higher Education In China Archived 19 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Chemical amp Engineering News Retrieved on 19 November 2015 上海社会科学院 10 September 2019 Archived from the original on 10 September 2019 Retrieved 9 September 2022 a b c Mak Grace C L and Leslie N K Lo Education Chapter 15 In Yeung Y M and Sung Yun wing editors Shanghai Transformation and Modernization Under China s Open Policy The Chinese University Press 1996 ISBN 9622016677 9789622016675 Start p 135 CITED p 378 Neighborhood Schools Open to Foreign Kids Archive Shanghai Daily at China org cn 9 December 2006 Retrieved 16 July 2015 Lau Jessie Shanghai international schools are priced beyond the reach of many expats Archived 14 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine print title International schools out of reach for many South China Morning Post Sunday 13 September 2015 Retrieved on 14 September 2015 Dillon Sam 7 December 2010 In PISA Test Top Scores From Shanghai Stun Experts The New York Times Archived from the original on 12 May 2011 Retrieved 17 May 2011 How China is winning the school race BBC 11 October 2011 Archived from the original on 2 November 2018 Retrieved 21 July 2018 Gao Helen 23 January 2014 Shanghai Test Scores and the Mystery of the Missing Children Archived 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times For Schleicher s response to these criticisms see his post Are the Chinese Cheating in PISA Or Are We Cheating Ourselves on the OECD s website blog Education Today 10 December 2013 Archived 17 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine 上海市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 Shanghai sixth national census in 2010 Communique on Major Data Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau 3 May 2011 Archived from the original on 26 November 2011 Retrieved 16 August 2011 General Aspects of Shanghai Education Seaie org Archived from the original on 17 March 2011 Retrieved 17 May 2011 Liang Xiaoyan Huma Kidwai Minxuan Zhang and Yinan Zhang How Shanghai Does It Insights and Lessons from the Highest Ranking Education System in the World World Bank Publications 8 April 2016 ISBN 1464807914 9781464807916 p 60 doi 10 1596 978 1 4648 0790 9 Zhang Xu and Sun p 143 Liang Xiaoyan Huma Kidwai Minxuan Zhang and Yinan Zhang How Shanghai Does It Insights and Lessons from the Highest Ranking Education System in the World World Bank Publications 8 April 2016 ISBN 1464807914 9781464807916 p 60 61 doi 10 1596 978 1 4648 0790 9 Liang Xiaoyan Huma Kidwai Minxuan Zhang and Yinan Zhang How Shanghai Does It Insights and Lessons from the Highest Ranking Education System in the World World Bank Publications 8 April 2016 ISBN 1464807914 9781464807916 p 61 doi 10 1596 978 1 4648 0790 9 Matsuda Naoki 2021 08 14 English out Xi Jinping Thought in at Shanghai schools Nikkei Shimbun Retrieved 2021 08 13 Education in Shanghai City of Shanghai Retrieved 2019 07 11 a b List of 36 schools for children of foreigners Shanghai Municipality 2020 09 15 Retrieved 2022 02 19 Specializirovannye strukturnye obrazovatelnye podrazdeleniya MID Rossii zagranshkoly MID Rossii oficialnye sajty in Russian Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2014 11 11 Archived from the original on 2015 06 27 Retrieved 2019 07 11 Further reading editTucker Marc S Surpassing Shanghai An Agenda for American Education Built on the World s Leading Systems Harvard Education Press 1 November 2011 ISBN 1612504574 9781612504575 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Education in Shanghai amp oldid 1216598774, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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