The East Hebei Autonomous Government (Chinese: 冀東防共自治政府; pinyin: Jìdōng Fánggòng Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ),[1] also known as the East Ji Autonomous Government and the East Hebei Autonomous Anti-Communist Government, was a short-lived late-1930s state in northern China. It has been described by historians as either a Japanese puppet state or a buffer state.
On 15 November 1935, the local Chinese administrator of the 22 counties in Hebei province, Yin Ju-keng, proclaimed the territories under his control to be autonomous. Ten days later, on 25 November, he proclaimed them to be independent of the Republic of China and to have their capital at Tongzhou. The new government immediately signed economic and military treaties with Japan. The Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tanggu Truce was disbanded and reorganized as the East Hebei Army with Japanese military support. The Japanese goal was to establish a buffer zone between Manchukuo and China, but the pro-Japanese collaborationist regime was seen as an affront by the Chinese government and a violation of the Tanggu Truce.
Japanese propaganda, unarmed zone in East Hebei
The East Hebei Autonomous government received a response in the form of Gen. Song Zheyuan's Hebei-Chahar Political Government, which was under the Nanjing government, launched on 18 December 1935.[2][3] Chinese soldiers remained in the area.[4]
In July 1936, a peasant uprising against the East Hebei Autonomous Government broke out in Miyun District. Led by an old Taoist priest, the rebels were organized by the Yellow Sand Society and managed to defeat an East Hebei Army unit that was sent to suppress them.[5] Thereafter, the Imperial Japanese Army mobilized to quell the uprising, defeating the peasant rebels by September. About 300 Yellow Sand insurgents were killed or wounded in the fighting.[6]
^Shizhang Hu (1 January 1995). Stanley K. Hornbeck and the Open Door Policy, 1919-1937. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 213–. ISBN978-0-313-29394-8.
^Michael A. Barnhart (14 February 2013). Japan Prepares for Total War: The Search for Economic Security, 1919–1941. Cornell University Press. p. 42. ISBN978-0-8014-6845-2.
^Great Britain. Foreign Office (1984). Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 16. ISBN9780115915611.
Morning Tribune Staff (30 July 1936). "Yellow Sand Cult to be suppressed by Japanese". Morning Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 154. Peiping. p. 9. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
The China Monthly Review Staff (20 August 1936). ""Yellow Sand" Society Suppressed by Japanese in Demilitarized Zone". The China Monthly Review. Vol. 77. Custom House, Shanghai. p. 473.
east, hebei, autonomous, government, chinese, 冀東防共自治政府, pinyin, jìdōng, fánggòng, zìzhì, zhèngfǔ, also, known, east, autonomous, government, east, hebei, autonomous, anti, communist, government, short, lived, late, 1930s, state, northern, china, been, describe. The East Hebei Autonomous Government Chinese 冀東防共自治政府 pinyin Jidōng Fanggong Zizhi Zhengfǔ 1 also known as the East Ji Autonomous Government and the East Hebei Autonomous Anti Communist Government was a short lived late 1930s state in northern China It has been described by historians as either a Japanese puppet state or a buffer state East Hebei Autonomous Government冀東防共自治政府 Pinyin Jidōng Fanggong Zizhi Zhengfǔ Japanese Kitō Bōkyō Jichi Seifu1935 1938FlagMap of the East Hebei Autonomous GovernmentStatusPuppet state of the Empire of JapanCapitalTongzhou 1935 1937 Tangshan 1937 1938 Common languagesMandarin JapaneseGovernmentOne party republic under a dictatorshipChairman 1935 1937Yin Ju keng 1937 1938Chi Zongmo jp Historical eraSecond Sino Japanese War Tanggu Truce31 May 1933 He Umezu Agreement10 June 1935 Chin Doihara Agreement27 June 1935 Formed25 November 1935 Tongzhou mutiny29 July 1937 Dissolved1 February 1938CurrencyChi Tung Bank issued yuan on par with Japanese yen and Manchukuo yuanPreceded by Succeeded by Republic of China Provisional Government of the Republic of ChinaToday part ofChina Beijing Hebei Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Sources 5 Further readingHistory edit nbsp East Hebei Autonomous Government building After the creation of Manchukuo and subsequent military action by the Imperial Japanese Army which brought Northeastern China east of the Great Wall under Japanese control the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China signed the Tanggu Truce which established a demilitarised zone south of the Great Wall extending from Tianjin to Beiping Under the terms of the truce and the subsequent He Umezu Agreement of 1935 this demilitarized zone was also purged of the political and military influence of the Kuomintang government of China On 15 November 1935 the local Chinese administrator of the 22 counties in Hebei province Yin Ju keng proclaimed the territories under his control to be autonomous Ten days later on 25 November he proclaimed them to be independent of the Republic of China and to have their capital at Tongzhou The new government immediately signed economic and military treaties with Japan The Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tanggu Truce was disbanded and reorganized as the East Hebei Army with Japanese military support The Japanese goal was to establish a buffer zone between Manchukuo and China but the pro Japanese collaborationist regime was seen as an affront by the Chinese government and a violation of the Tanggu Truce nbsp Japanese propaganda unarmed zone in East Hebei The East Hebei Autonomous government received a response in the form of Gen Song Zheyuan s Hebei Chahar Political Government which was under the Nanjing government launched on 18 December 1935 2 3 Chinese soldiers remained in the area 4 In July 1936 a peasant uprising against the East Hebei Autonomous Government broke out in Miyun District Led by an old Taoist priest the rebels were organized by the Yellow Sand Society and managed to defeat an East Hebei Army unit that was sent to suppress them 5 Thereafter the Imperial Japanese Army mobilized to quell the uprising defeating the peasant rebels by September About 300 Yellow Sand insurgents were killed or wounded in the fighting 6 The East Hebei government survived the Tongzhou mutiny in late July 1937 before being absorbed into the collaborationist Provisional Government of China in February 1938 See also editDemilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps History of BeijingReferences edit Japanese Kitō Bōkyō Jichi Seifu 冀東防共自治政府 Shizhang Hu 1 January 1995 Stanley K Hornbeck and the Open Door Policy 1919 1937 Greenwood Publishing Group pp 213 ISBN 978 0 313 29394 8 Michael A Barnhart 14 February 2013 Japan Prepares for Total War The Search for Economic Security 1919 1941 Cornell University Press p 42 ISBN 978 0 8014 6845 2 Great Britain Foreign Office 1984 Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919 1939 H M Stationery Office p 16 ISBN 9780115915611 Morning Tribune Staff 1936 p 9 The China Monthly Review Staff 1936 p 473 Sources editMorning Tribune Staff 30 July 1936 Yellow Sand Cult to be suppressed by Japanese Morning Tribune Vol 1 no 154 Peiping p 9 Retrieved 3 May 2018 The China Monthly Review Staff 20 August 1936 Yellow Sand Society Suppressed by Japanese in Demilitarized Zone The China Monthly Review Vol 77 Custom House Shanghai p 473 Further reading edit China Next Hopei Time April 5 1937 On Hopei Flag 39 48 N 116 48 E 39 800 N 116 800 E 39 800 116 800 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title East Hebei Autonomous Government amp oldid 1215677637, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
