Dworcowa Street
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| Bydgoszcz | |
|---|---|
View of the renovated facades | |
| Native name | Ulica Dworcowa w Bydgoszczy (Polish) |
| Former name(s) | Bahnhoffstraße - Dworcowa - Albert-Forsterstraße |
| Namesake | Main Station |
| Owner | City of Bydgoszcz |
| Length | 1.24 km (0.77 mi) |
| Area | Downtown district |
| Location | Bydgoszcz, Poland |
Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district (Polish: Śródmieście). Many of its buildings are registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Across the street, between Warmia and Marcinkowskiego street runs the 18°E longitude Meridian, so-called Bydgoszcz Meridian.[1][2]
Location
The street is located in the western part of Downtown Bydgoszcz. It runs from the intersection with Gdanska Street to the intersection with Sigismund Augustus Street, where is the main train station, Bydgoszcz Główna.
Hence its name: "Train station" in polish is "Dworzec", "Dworcowa Street" thus means "Train Station Street".
History
Until 1851, the path was a dirty road leading from Bydgoszcz to Koronowo. The development of the street is associated with the building of Bydgoszcz Main Railway Station in 1851, which led to assimilating the close settlement of Bocianowo (German: Brenkenhoff) into the city precinct.[3]
On an 1861 map of the area, the vicinity of the railway station shows dispersed housings: it is only in the early 20th century that compact constructions make their appearance along the street. Some specific quarters near Gdanska street and close to the Main station have shown earlier activity, with the development of hotel buildings:[4]
- Hotel "Pod Orlem" (1893), Hotel Pawlikowski (1898) in Gdanska Street;
- Hotel du Nord (1875), Heises's Hotel (1884), Schliep's Hotel (1889) near the Main Station.
At the end of the 19th century, Dworcowa street had an industrial and commercial character. In its surroundings flourished trade houses, craft workshops and restaurants or bars. The industrial buildings and warehouses occupied the area between the street and the Brda river, while along the street were located flats and shops. The largest companies at then Bahnhoffstraße were:
- Fabryka Sygnałów Kolejowych (Railway Signals Factory);
- J.G. Neumann's Brick factory (German: Ziegelfabrik);[5]
- Printhouse Ortis (established by Hermann and Emil Dittmann)[5] They published the "Deutsche Rundschau", and after World War II all the local newspapers.[6]
Between 1890 and 1914, many houses along the street have been transformed into 3 to 4 storey buildings, displaying ornated facades (e.g. building at Nr.55, decorated with a head of Hermes), turning the venue into one of the most representative in the city.[7] In the final section of the street near the Main Railway Station, there used to stand five hotels, furnished as tenements.[4]
Street trams have been operated since 1888, first horse powered, then electrical ones in 1896. The line (Red) ran along the entire length of the street from the station to Gdańska Street.
In 1990, tram traffic has been suspended for technical reasons. Since then a partial restoration of the line has been performed after the revitalization of the street.[8]
Through history, this street had the following names:[9]
- 1852-1920 - Bahnhoffstraße (Main Station street in German);
- 1920-1939 - Ulica Dworcowa;
- 1939-1945 - Albert-Forsterstrasse (named after nazi leaderAlbert Forster);
- From 1945 - Ulica Dworcowa .
Characteristics
Dworcowa Street is 1242 m long and is almost entirely built with stylish houses. It is considered[by whom?] as one of the most important axis, historically and functionally in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its architectural landscape is quite diverse, with houses of different scale and style coexisting together.
For the most part, street facades display architectural features fashionable in the years 1860-1914:[10]
Oldest buildings have been built in Neoclassical style, usually with simple, symmetrical facades and modest decorations. During the last quarter of the 19th century, elements of Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Gothic and Neo-Baroque start to appear on houses.[10] Most impressive buildings have been erected between 1900 and 1915: it was the emergence of breaking architectural styles, such as Historicism, Secession and early Modern architecture.[10]
The Prussian Eastern Railway Headquarters has been erected in the late 1880s, and was at the time the most magnificent public property in the entire city.
Dworcowa street has been the playground of many local and Berlin's architects. However, past major bydgoszcz designers, Joseph Święcicki and Fritz Weidner who built 29 edifices in Gdanska Street, only designed four buildings in Dworcowa.
Most noticeable tenements are located on the southern side of the street: three buildings have been registered on the Heritage List since 2010.[11][12]
Most prominent buildings include:
- Former Prussian Eastern Railway Headquarters;
- State Archives Building at 65;
- Tax House at Warminskiego 18;
- Hotels[13]
- Former "Asystenta at 79;
- Centralny at 85;
- Hotel Brda (built in 1968-1972).
Revitalisation
Dworcowa Street being one of the most important streets in downtown Bydgoszcz, it has been identified to be the target of a vast revitalisation plan.
In 2009, in the Local Plan for the Revitalization of Bydgoszcz has been included the project Revitalisation of Dworcowa street. Costs amount to 6.4 million PLN, supported by a 4.2 million PLN EU funding under the 2007-2013 Regional Operational Programme for Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.[14]
The project encompassed:
- the modernization of Dworcowa street with a pedestrian pavement;
- the addition of green areas;
- the landscaping on the section between Gdanska Street and Matejki street.
In addition, the section leading from Matejki street to Main Railway Station has seen the restoration of tram circulation and the refurbishment of a historic building by Fritz Weidner in the immediate vicinity, converted to a Municipal Cultural Center.[14][15]
Means of transportation
Since 2012, tram lines Nr.5 and 8 run on the section from Matejki street to Sigismund Augustus street, using a special bridge built for the occasion.[16]
In addition, bus lines (54, 67, 75, 71, 79, 80, 83, 84, 31N, 33N) run on the section between the train station and Królowej Jadwigi street.
Main edifices
Department store "Jedynak", crossing with 15 Gdańska Street
Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, Nr.601296-reg.87/A, December 10, 1971[17]
1910–1911, by Otto Walter
One of the first Department Store built in then Bromberg, it pioneered the use of reinforced concrete in a modern design.
Department Store "Jedynak"
Allegories on the facade
Tenement at 2 corner with 1 Pomorska Street
1884,[18] by Karl Bergner
This corner house has been commissioned by Mr Jäfel, a lithograph.[19] In 1908, a drugstore run by Dr Aurel Kratz opened there: it was also selling goods for cameras[20] until World War I. Aurel Kratz then moved to Friedrichstraße.[21]
The building has a triangular footprint plot, a challenge for the designer. It displays a nice bay window on the corner facade. The first floor windows, around the bay-window are more adorned than others with flanking pilasters topped with corbels and a frieze of ornaments. Second floors windows are capped by triangular pediments and have also small corbels and pilasters. Third level openings are only flanked by lean pilasters and pediment topped. A line of designed corbels runs beneath the roof.
Facade onto Pomorska Street
View from Gdańska Street
Tenement at 3
1893–1894,[22] by Carl Stampehl
Eduard Merres, an instrument craftsman for surgery, nursery and optics, was the first owner of the house, then located at Bahnhoffstraße 2.[23] In 1907, the new owner was Mr. Conitzer,[24] a businessman member of the very family running at that time the neighbouring department store.
The facade has been restored in 2015, giving more sharpness to all the different details. It is almost a classical one, but for the asymmetry: on first level, one notices heavily adorned windows (triangle pediments, pilasters with consoles), the second floor is less decorated and topped by a dense Corbel table. The gate axis is stressed by a monumental balcony and a smaller one above. The entry door transom light is crowned by a delicately carved female figure.
Tenement at 4
1887,[18] by Józef Święcicki and Anton Hoffmann
Julius and Herß Krojanter,[25] were the first owners of the house at Bahnhoffstraße 97: they were cereals merchants and had their counter in the building. In the 1920s, the tenement housed a kitchenware shop, "A. Hensel".
The facade lost all its original adornments during renovation. However, the row of square windows on the top witnesses the original Neoclassical features.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Advertising for "A. Hensel" shop (1925)
Tenement at 5
Mid-19th century[18]
Amelie Sieg, a rentier and widow of a mason,[26] was the first owner of the tenement in the 1870s. From the 1900s (decade) until World War I, the new owner, Ernst Knitter, was a merchant selling kitchenware and ironmongery.[27]
The elevation has been renovated in 2015, underlying the delicacy of the ornamentation: the front pediment, the gate frame with its two facing figures, the pilasters and the corbel table.
Main elevation
Detail of the facade
View of the main pediment
Tenement at 6
ca 1875-1900[22]
A baker, Wilhelm ßiehl, was the first landlord of the house in 1869, which address was then Bahnhoffstraße 96.[28] He lived there until the start of World War I.
The facade displays Neoclassical elements: symmetry, smooth wall, ornamented windows for each floor, small openings at the top of the elevation, topped with a corbel table, and a small stone balcony.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 7
ca 1875-1900[22]
Gabriel Czalla was the first owner of the house at Bahnhoffstraße 4.[26]
The symmetrical facade lost its initial ornaments during the 20th century. However, one can still appreciate the overall disposition, with the slight avant-corps underlining the axis of the entry gate, flanked by high pilasters continuing to the first floor.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the avant-corps
Tenement at 10
1885-1886[22]
Initially registered at Bahnhoffstraße 95, the first owner was a merchant, Gustav Wollenberg,[29] who lived at today's Gdańska Street 12 (Danzigerstraße 164).
The facade has been rebuilt in 1935,[30] the entire building refurbished in 2016. Nice motifs have been brought back to life, such as cartouches with mustached figures or ornaments on corbels and pediments.
Main elevation onto Dworcowa Street
Window decoration
Detail of a cartouche
Otto Pfefferkorn tenement at 12
1909, by Fritz Weidner[31]
Otto Pfefferkorn owned a successful furniture factory in Bromberg,[32] which still exists today.[33] He had this tenement designed by Fritz Weidner, which comprised at the time almost 200 rooms.[34] It was also used as one of its many selling points in the city (others were found at today's Gdańska Street, Theatre square, Podolska or Pestalozziego streets). He even opened branches in Warsaw or Katowice.[34] In 1912, the building was awarded city most beautiful facade![35]
Most of the architectural details of the facade have unfortunately vanished. Be that as it may, one can make out the asymmetry of the elevation, characteristic of Fritz Weidner. He used bow windows unbalanced positions, balconies at different levels and with different shapes to reach his goals.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Facade before restoration
Apro building at 13
2011, by Danuta Jarosewski[36]
The building has been realized within the frame of the revitalization of Dworcowa street. In the early 20th century, the plot was the site of a successful printhouse owned by A. Dittmann.
Print house Dittmann at Nr.13 ca 1906
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 14
1899[18]
The first owner of this house, then at Bahnhoffstraße 93, was Ernst Schmidt, a merchant. He stayed there until World War I.[37] After 1900, it housed the seat of engineering firm Weidlich & Berthold".[38]
Neo-Renaissance features of the building (arched windows, pediments, low roof), could almost be called Neo-baroque by the choice of volute shaped motifs for the wrought iron balconies, or the roof pediment.
Facade onto Dworcowa Street
Detail of the roof pediment
Detail of window decoration
Tenement at 15
1877[22]
Registered at Bahnhoffstraße 6, then 6a at its inception, the building was commissioned by F.M. Schoenfelder, who rented the rooms.[39] In 1910, the edifice housed the Bromberg music and opera school (German: Bromberger musikschule and opernschule), run by Carl Schöne who lived there.[37]
The main elevation still awaits better days, however, one can notice characteristic elements of neoclassic architecture: symmetry, triangular pedimented windows, cartouches with rosettes and corbel table. In particular, one can appreciate the preserved entrance, with a wrought iron grillwork adorned with sunflowers and leaves, as well as the large wood double door topped with a transom light. The building has been entirely renovated at the beginning of 2019.
Refurbished elevation, view from the street
Entrance portal with grill
Facade details
Advertising for Carl Schöne's music school in 1910
Tenement at 16
1875[18]
Ferdinand Th. Zorn, a wood manufacturer and merchant, at Bahnhoffstraße 92[39] was the first owner of the tenement. He kept it until World War I.
The style and shape of the facade is clearly echoing the one at Nr.14. However, it displays clearly Neo-Renaissance characteristics. Motifs are neat, each floor has a specific window adornament, the slight bay window stresses the symmetry of the elevation. One can notice the minute ornamentation of this bay-window (niches, balustrade, volutes) as well as the corbel table at the top.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 17
1896[22]
First owner of the building at Bahnhoffstraße 6 was Wilhelm Schönfelder.[28] In 1888, Hermann Löhnert moved here as landlord: he was the founder and director of a joint-stock company of a factory producing machines for foundries,[40] established in 1868[41] in Bydgoszcz. The firm still exists today, under the name MAKRUM, located at 11/19 Leśna street.[42]
Although lacking maintenance, the facade still boasts architectural details. Pediments on first floor windows, but also bossages are present. The most interesting decoration is the adornment surrounding middle openings on both floors: pilasters and garland ornaments are topped on the upper floor by crown ornaments.
main elevation
Windows decoration detail before renovation
Detail of the facade after refurbishing
Picture of Herman Löhnert Factory in the 1930s
Tenement at 19 corner with Warmińskiego street
Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, Nr.601287-Reg.A/968, November 12, 1992[17]
Friedrish Giese, a brewer at Bahnhoffstraße 7a[44] was the first owner of the house. Otto Pfefferkorn, a successful entrepreneur in the furniture business, acquired it in 1887,[43] before having his own house built at Nr.12. In 1910, the building became an hotel, Reichshof, run by Carl Müller.[45] In 1922, it changed to Goplana, run by Jan Gawron,[46] then "Boston". From 1932 to 1939, it has been renamed "Gastronomia" with led by H. Katorski.[47] It is now a habitation building, where the Honorary Consul of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bydgoszcz[48] moved in 2019 -previously it was located at 49 Śniadeckich street.
The building renovated in 2019 a nice decoration on the first floor, with pediments topping windows and ornamented cartouche beneath, as well as a row of round openings below the roof. The main feature is the grand two-floor stretched bay window standing on streets corner.
Elevation on Dworcowa street
Honorary German Consulate
Gate and door recess
Tenement at 22
circa 1875[18]
The Gottschalck family has owned Bahnhoffstraße 89 building since 1876.[26] In the 1900s (decade), Hermann Albrecht, a merchant became the owner: at that time he also possessed the tenement at Nr.20 and at 18 Warmińskiego Street.[37] Since 1990 is located here one of the first pizzeria in Bydgoszcz (Pizzeria Ambar).
The main elevation shows nice architectural details: a large wrought iron balcony overlooking a delicate wrought iron entry gate, pediments on first floor windows, corbels on the second floor and arch topped windows in the middle of the facade.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the gate and balcony
Tenement at 23
1876[18]
The first registered owner of Bahnhoffstraße 9 is Emil Albrecht, running a blacksmith workshop producing wagons.[39]
The facade on the street displays a lean and balanced elevation, renovated in the late 2010s.
Facade at 23 Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 18 Warmińskiego street corner with Dworcowa Street
First mention of the building at then Bahnhoffstraße 88 occurred in 1872: Hermann Burow, a backer, was the owner.[26] In 1890, August Hoffmann set up there a butcher shop (German: Fleischerei und Wurst-Fabrik).[49] During the interwar period, it has been the local seat of the National Bank of Poland. It is now the seat of Bydgoszcz Tax Office .
The building recently renovated is a nice showcase of Art Nouveau architecture in Bydgoszcz: round shapes (dormers, gate, windows), vegetal motifs on the elevation, the bay windows and asymmetry of both facades.
Facades view from street crossing
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of corner facade
Detail of the gate
Tenement at 27
circa 1875[18]
Carl Wilhelm Feyertag, a merchant,[50] was the first owner of this house then at Bahnhoffstraße 11. His widow lived there until the 1910s. Feyertag widow owned also a tenement at 19 Piastkowski Square.
Facade style is inspired by Neoclassical architecture, similar to the neighbouring at Nr.29. Pilasters underline the symmetry of the elevation, with the balcony in the center.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Wrought iron Gate
Tenement at 29
ca 1850-1875[22]
Like at Nr.27, Carl Feyetag was the first registered owner of this building in the 1870s, then at Bahnhoffstraße 12.[26] However, he never lived there. In the late 1850s, the architect Anton Hoffmann rented there with his family.
The facade displays typical Neoclassical style: symmetry, bossage wall on the bottom and a corbel table on the top. It has been renovated in 2017.
Main frontage
Tenement at 31
1881,[18] by H. Jenisch & Scheithauer
French and North European Eclecticism
At its inception, the tenement belonged to Franz Marr, a beer dealer,[51] then in 1910 it was the property of Hermann Briebe, a furniture dealer.[37]
The house differs from its neighbours by its height (one additional floor), and by its architecture with more ornaments (pilasters, corbels) and its motifs (garlands, frieze).
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Adorned window
Detail of the frieze and table corbel
Antonie Bomrente Tenement at 33
1891,[18] by Fritz Weidner[31]
Antonie Bomrente, a cooper,[52] was the first owner of the actual building until World War I. It was then located at Bahnhoffstraße 14: the facade still bears this initial numbering.
Many architectural details are still present on the building: above the gate, dividers, symbol of architecture, are set above a small barrel, recalling the profession of the first landlord. Two slight avant-corps balanced each side of the edifice. On the first floor, the middle part is enhanced by flanking pilasters with rosettes topped by a balustrade. Corbel tables crowns the facade, the ensemble is overlooked by a series of gable wall dormer.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Balustrade and pilasters
Entry porch, Nr.14 is the old Prussian street numeration
Detail of the portal, with dividers and barrel symbols.
Tenement at 35
1875-1900[22]
First reference of Bahnhoffstraße 15 is made around 1870, with Louis Gosdynski, a rentier, as owner.[26] In 1900, building's property moved to Wilhelhm Zweiniger, a furrier.
The facade on Dworcowa street shed light on the fact that initially the tenement has been designed as two different houses, Nr.15 & 15a. There is clearly a divide between the left part bending on Neo-Renaissance style (symmetry, naked walls, flat roof) and the right one inclining on eclecticist diversity (balconies, bossage wall, cartouche decoration, mansard roof).
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of a balcony
Two facades- two different styles
Aleksander Theil Tenement at 39, corner with Marcinkowskiego street
1890,[18] by Józef Święcicki
The house at then Bahnhoffstraße 17 was commissioned by Alexander Theil, a rentier living at Gammstraße 14.[53] The building housed on the ground floor three shops, each with a small apartment in the back and the upper floors accommodated two four-room apartments.[53]
The corner house is remarkable by the ornamental painting between the windows of the first floor of the elevation on Dworcowa street. The edifice is massive, but the richness of its ornaments and motifs help it having a certain lightness.
View of the tenement from the street
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the painting on 1st florr
Detail of a pediment
Detail of corbels
Schultz Tenement at 40
1890[22]
This building, then at Bahnhoffstraße 78, has been commissioned by the Schultz family,[54] saddler masters. At the end of the 19th century a widow, Pauline Schultz, lived there, but her relatives owned the edifice until the outbreak of the second world war.[55]
The house has been refurbished down to minute details in early 2018[56] One can admire the quality of the motifs: pilasters, rosettes, bossage on facade edges, balustrades, table corbel on top and a finely crafted winged helmet head of Hermes inside the pediment overlooking the main door.
Renovated facade on Dworcowa Street
Adorned pediment
Detail of window decoration
Corbel table
Tenement at 41, corner with Marcinkowskiego street
1904,[18] by Erich Lindenburger
Franz Muhme, a mason, was the first owner of the actual building then at Bahnhoffstraße 18: he was mainly renting rooms.[57] In the 1910s, the house was divided into five properties,[37] which landlords were: Mr. Meyer and Mr Giefe, rentiers not living in Bromberg, Hermann Lemke, a baker who had his shop there, Jahnke Jr., an engineer and Wilhelm Tornow, a mechanic.
Facades, renovated in 2015, have Neo-Baroque and early Modernism elements. The architect varied the effects to render the asymmetry: bay window, corner terrace and balconies, cartouches, eyelid dormer on the corner but a row of shed dormers on the roof giving onto Dworcowa Street. The house lost one of its corner tower during a fire.
View ca 1930
Facades on Dworcowa and Marcinkowski Street
Detail of the corner tower
Main gate
Elevation on Dworcowa street
Willy Grawunder Tenement at 45
1906,[18] by Erich Lindenburger
The house, then at Bahnhoffstraße 19, has been commissioned by Willy Grawunder, a merchant running a hardware store/perfumery in the premises.[58] At the end of the 1920s, Willy Jahr, successful owner of a bicycle factory at Nakielska street 89, opened there a selling point for his production.
Facade compositions include loggias and balconies highlighted with wavy ornamented pilasters. The portal is also adorned with a wavy oval, similar to Art Nouveau townhouses in Munich. Eric Lindenburger used similar motifs for house at Nr.417 and at 3 Adam Mickiewicz.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of a masque
Art Nouveau motifs
Bruno Grawunder Tenement at 47
1905,[59] by Erich Lindenburger
Eclecticism, Munich Secession elements
Bruno Grawunder, a jeweler, supposedly a relative of Wilhelm at Nr.45, had this house built at then Bahnhoffstraße 20.[57]
The compositions on elevation include bow windows topped by balconies, loggias plus especially highlighted cartouches and a grand frieze elements deployed like square boards on top of the facade. Interiors materials are partly original woodwork and stained glass.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Frieze elements
By night
Tenement at 48, corner with Sienkiewicza street
1875-1900[22]
Bahnhoffstraße 74 has been built in the early 1880s by Rob. Tuchscker, a pharmacist.[44] He opened there his pharmacy, Kronen Apotheke, one of the few in the city at the time.[19] A new pharmacist, Emil Affeldt, took over the firm at the same place from 1900[38] until the end of the 1920s.
Beautifully restored in 2018, the corner tenement displays two symmetric facades with a neo-classic style and a wrought iron balcony on its corner.
Renovated facade on Dworcowa and Sienkiewicza Streets
Tenement at 49
1908[18]
Friedrich Heller, the first owner, was running a wine and spirit shop there (Bahnhoffstraße 21).[20] After WW I, Wilhelm Tornow had been running a growing bike factory there, renamed "Tornedo" in 1924.[60]
The main elevation is remarkable for its wrought iron balconies, and also for the ornamented cartouches on bay windows and facade. Ornaments include figures of woman, stylized lion, garlands and other vegetal motifs specific to Art Nouveau.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Bay window detail
Main entrance door
Motif detail
Tenement at 50, corner with Sienkiewicza Street
1895[18]
Christian Theodore Hinß has been running there a coach workshop (German: Wagenfabrikant) since 1880.[44] His relative Carl was landlord until 1917.
Facades display a northern Neo-Renaissance style with elaborate ornament and scrollwork (on pediments, cartouches), balustrades, pinnacles, together with stone blocks imitation, bay windows and a mansard roof.
1900 postcard view
Facades on Dworcowa and Sienkiewicz Streets
Facade on H. Sienkiewicz Street
Gable dormer
Corner bay window
Windows decoration
Lion face cartouche
Ludwig Schultz Tenement at 54
1893–1894,[18] by Józef Święcicki
North European Mannerism, forms of Neo-Gothic
The house at then Bahnhoffstraße 72 was part of an extensive property, between Dworcowa and Lipowa street which belonged to Ludwig Schultz, co-founder of shipping company Schultz und Winnemer.[61] The firm survived until World War I. During the interwar, the building housed a shelter for poors, run by Hermann Dietz.[62]
It is an exceptional house with a very narrow body, a side wing with entrance on it. Most interesting are the arrangement of loggias, pinnacles, narrow and tall windows with small gargoyles to drain the water.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Pinnacle detail
Tenement at 55/57
1902-1903[18]
German Historicism
Plots situated between Bahnhoffstraße 22 and Bahnhoffstraße 28 (from today 's Dworcowa Nr.51 to 61) were property of the Prussian Railway Direction (German: Preußische Ostbahn) which had tenements erected to house officials, personnel and administration. The building at Nr.55/57 was one of them, realized in the beginning of the 20th century.
The massive building shows balanced facade with two grand bay windows, several balconies and a large terrace running between the gable, beneath dormers. Worth underlining are the two gates adorned with a typical Art Nouveau female figure (Nr.55) and with vegetal curly scrollwork (Nr.57).
View of Nr.55 (front) and 57 (back)
Portal Art nouveau 55
Facade at 55
Transom light at 57
Main elevation at 57
Theodore Flöther Tenement at 56
1903-1904[18]
At its inception, landlord of actual tenement (then at Bahnhoffstraße 71) was Theodore Flöther,[63] who was the founder of a firm producing agricultural machines in Jasień, Lubusz Voivodeship.[64] Both the actual building and the neighbouring one (Nr.58, non existent today) have been used to showcase the production of the factory until end of World War I. In the 1930s, the building housed a coffee shop roasting and grinding coffee, run by W.J. Luczkowski[65]
The ground floor of the edifice still got the large curved glass openings designed for exhibiting machines. First floor windows are framed with delicate ornamentation and scrollwork, especially the larger one on the right, with its early Art Nouveau tympanon motifs inside the triangular pediment.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Window detail
Tenement at 61
1873–1874,[18] by Gustaw Weihe
Gustaw Weihe, the architect selected for this building, will later be the main designer of Hotel Ratuszowy in Długa street in 1881. The house was first possessed by the Wulf brothers (Adolf & Theodor), factory managers: the also had the adjoining house where the tramway line runs today to the bridge over the Brda.[39] Later, in the 1880s, all plots situated between Bahnhoffstraße 22 and Bahnhoffstraße 28 (from today 's Dworcowa Nr.51 to 63) were bought by the Prussian Railway Direction (German: Preußische Ostbahn) to house officials, personnel and administration.
The main elevation is influenced by Italian Cinquecento, with its pilastered windows and the triangular pediments. Refurbished in 2018, one can now make out fine details, such as scrollworks, a row of lion's heads crowning the elevation and a nice stretch of rosettes spanning like a frieze.
Main elevation on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the upper floors, with lion's head and rosettes
Scrollworks detail
Entrance door
Tenement at 62
1860s[22]
The tenement, then at Bahnhoffstraße 68, had for first landlord Julius Bebersdorf, living at the abutting house (today's 64).[26]
Restored in 2019, the facade displays a symmetric facade with a neo-classic style.
Renovated facade on the street
Prussian Eastern Railway Headquarters, at 63
Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, Nr.601288-Reg.A/748, December 10, 1971[17]
1886-1889,[18] by Martin Gropius, Heino Schmieden
Dutch Mannerism
Seat of Prussian Eastern Railway (1889-1895), then regional directorate (1895-1920), Pomeranian rail agency and the Central Bureau of Foreign Settlements (1922-1939), and seat of French-Polish Rail Association (1937-1939).
View from Dworcowa street
Former Prussian Railways Company building
State Archives building at 65
1871[18]
The first owners of the building at Bahnhoffstraße 29 were the Wulf brothers (Adolf & Theodor).[39] They set up in 1865 a shipyard and a steel structure factory;[66] this building housed their offices and their residential house. After the liquidation of their company in 1876,[66] the building has housed in 1886 the General Commission (German: general kommissionsgebäude) conducting land reform in East and West Prussia as well as in the Grand Duchy of Poznań.[67] Since 1906 it operates as an archive building.[68] At the back of the plot, one can still spot the old brick factory buildings from the Wulf brothers' period.[69]
View from Dworcowa street
Side view
Balcony details
Windows adornement
Old brick factory buildings
Tenement at 66
1886,[18] by A. Hardt
Italian Neo-Renaissance
Eduard Greuer, a locksmith was the first landlord of this tenement located at then Bahnhoffstraße 66.[70] In the 1910s the new landlord, Joseph Zawitaj, had his metal moulding workshop there.[37]
The facade displays a typical Neo-Renaissance style, with Italian forms: triangular and curved pediments, cartouches beneath first floor windows, a minute avant-corps and a wrought iron entry gate.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Wrought iron gate to the building
Erick Hecht tenement at 67
1912–1913,[18] by Otto Walter
Erick Hecht, a bookseller[21] who had his shop on 19 Dantzigerstraße, commissioned Berliner architect Otto Walther to design his house at Bahnhoffstraße 30. Otto Walther, at the time, had just finished realizing the department store Jedynak at the crossing with Gdańska Street.
The main elevation is overwhelmed with bas-reliefs, among which:
- A horse rider above the entrance gate;[71]
- A fish, symbolizing the owner, since Hecht means pike in German;
- A 19th-century girl, another with horns, a baby's head, a man with royal attributes;
- A figure supposed to be Lady Godiva.[72]
Since 2019, the ensemble is under heavy renovation works, so as to transform it into a luxuous residential building.[73]
Facade on Dworcowa Street
balconies with bas-reliefs
balconies with bas-reliefs
Detail of the tympanum
Detail of animal figures
Tenement at 68
1893–1894,[18] by Karl Bergner
The initial owner of the house at then Bahnhoffstraße 65 was Karl Schultz, a metal craftsman.[61]
The building echoes almost perfectly its neighbour at Nr.66. Same Neo-Renaissance features, identical size and similar architectural motifs.
View from Dworcowa Street
Facade detail
Detail of windows decoration
Hermann Dyck Tenement at 71, corner with Krolowa Jadwiga Street
1895–1896[18]
Hermann Dyck, a merchant selling steam sawmills,[24] had the house at Bahnhoffstraße 31 erected by Fritz Weidner.
Rebuilt entirely in 1956, the facade lost its original Neo-Baroque features.
The building in the early 20th century
Corner on Dworcowa and Krolowej Jadwigi Street
Herold tenement, at 73
1911–1912,[18] by Otto Müller
Fritz Herold, a rentier, had this building located at Bahnhoffstraße 31a constructed by Otto Müller. He moved there in 1898.[74] Unfortunately, the tenement burned down in 1945. The architect Fritz Weidner has lived there with his family until 1937.
Urban-type building, the facade displays bay windows and bow windows with an inclination to Art Nouveau: round gable top, vegetal motifs, curved cartouches and an adorned gate.
Facade onto Dworcowa Street
Balcony topping the bay window
motifs detail
motifs detail
motifs detail
Ernst Baudelow tenement, at 74 - corner with Matejki street
1895[18]
Ernst Baudelow, a merchant, ordered the construction of this building at the end of the 19th century.[21] Between 1908 and 1925, the tenement, then at Bahnhoffstraße 62 was an hotel, Hotel Darheim.[37]
The edifice is typical of Eclecticism, as one can encounter in downtown Bydgoszcz. The elevation on Dworcowa is characterised by heavy pediments and large wrought iron balconies supported by corbels. On Matejko street, the facade is less adorned.
Corner house on Dworcowa and Matejki streets
Facade onto Dworcowa
balconies on Dworcowa street
Tenement at 75
1911–1912,[18] by Otto Müller
Richard Hoppe, a preacher,[21] was the first owner of this tenement at then Bahnhoffstraße 31b. Andrzej Szwalbe, the first director of Pomeranian Philharmonic from 1953 to 1991, lived there. A commemorative plaque was unveiled on June 30, 2003.
Few elements survived time, especially the architectural details. Only the decoration of the gate still displays vegetal forms crowned by a coat of arms containing a lamb of God. The rest of the facade is balanced by two bay windows flanked by loggias, with balconies in the middle of the lot.
Renovated facade in 2022
View of the gable
Main gate
Memorial plaque for Andrzej Szwalbe
Tenement at 76
1860[18]
Eclecticism & Neo-Baroque elements
Joseph Schreiber, a miller, was the first owner of Bahnhoffstraße 61.[75]
Particularly noticeable elements are:
- A highly decorated gate frame, flanked by columns and crowned by a pediment;
- A grand bay window, sheltering a loggia, supported by heavy corbels, surrounded by columns and topped by a small terrace (building).
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the adorned gate
Albin Cohnfeld tenement, at 77
1876,[18] by Karl Bergner[76]
Eclecticism, elements of Neo-baroque
The Cohnfeld family, Gustav, Albin then their heirs, owned the plot at Bahnhoffstraße 32 even before the erection of the present edifice, and kept it until the mid-1910s.[39][21]
The facade, newly refurbished in 2020,[77] has a rich Eclectic ornamentation. One can quote, among others, a highly adorned wrought iron balcony and bay window ensemble with sculpted atlants, elaborated ornaments, and a cartouche containing the initials CA for Albin Cohnfeld, commissioner of the building. The entire facade, topped by a table corbel, possess on second and third floors a very rich decoration, with delicate flower and vegetal motifs, in pediments or around the openings. Above the bay window stands an onion dome steeple.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Stuccoed motifs
Hotel Asystenta at 79, corner with Sobieskiego Street
1870, 1971[18]
Initially owned by a restaurateur, Gustav Müller,[26] at its erection, the house at Bahnhoffstraße 33 was then bought by Julius Schliep in 1889 to run a hotel Schliep's Hotel.[37] In 1920, new landlord Leon Ciemniak renamed it Hotel International,[78] then Hotel Metropol (1932),[78] and Hotel Asystenta (English: Assistance hotel) in the 1970s, linked to the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz (today Collegium Medicum UMK).[79]
The refurbishing of the 1970s gave to the facade forms of Modern architecture. Anyhow, its general shape reveals its old roots (gables type for instance), in a way similar to one of the old house at 37 Gdańska Street. The building was refurbished in 2021.[80]
Ronvated facade on Dworcowa Street
Schliep's hotel ca 1900
Schliep's hotel advertising in 1894
Foreign Language Teacher Training College at 80
1891-1892[18]
The building at then Bahnhoffstraße 59 has been designed to house the activity of Franz Bengsch,[81] who ran a wood transport company there until the end of World War I. During the interwar period, the tenement was owned by the Ramme Brothers, who had a workshop in Grunwaldzka street for repairing agricultural machines.[82] Since 1990, the building houses the Foreign Language Teacher Training College or NKJO (Polish: Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych w Bydgoszczy), subordinated to universities of Poznań and Warsaw. A plaque has been placed on the facade in honor of railway engineer Ernest Malinowski (1818-1899), patron of NKJO Spanish section.
The facade has reminiscences of Neo-Renaissance elements, with its bare wall and the overall symmetry of the ensemble.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Detail of the gate
Plaque to Ernest Malinowski's memory.
Eltra tower at 81
1964[18]
The tower building was erected to house the seat of the company "Eltra", founded in 1923 in Bydgoszcz.[83] It is one of the oldest firms in the electrotechnical industry in Poland. In 1959, it produced the first Polish transistor radio "Eltra MOT-59".[84] In 2003, it was established as a joint-stock company named "Elda-Eltra Elektrotechnika", belonging to the international concern Schneider Electric.[85]
The 45 metres (148 ft) tall tower has been revamped in 2019-2020.[86]
Renovated tower in 2021
Elementary school at 82
1854-1855[18]
Earliest reference of the building at Bahnhoffstraße 58 can be found in the address book of Bromberg in 1869,[28] where it is described as "Bahnhoffstraße Public school", German: Schule der Bahnhoffstraße. It is then renamed "State school for boys and for girls" (German: Stätische knaben und mädchen Schule) in 1876.[50] After World War I, the building kept its educational aims as Public school for boys Nr.1[87] Today, the edifice houses the Culture house for Youth Nr.4 (Polish: Młodzieżowy Dom Kultury nr 4).
The house shows early forms of Eclecticism, with references to German Historicism in the display of bricks chosen in two different colors.
View from Dworcowa Street
The school on an 1876 map
Tenement at 84
1899[18]
Louis Bollmann, founder in 1898 of a brick factory, was the first owner of the tenement[88] then located at Bahnhoffstraße 57 until the 1910s.
The facade is well balanced, with two balconies on each side, with balustrades and wrought iron details. A very large balcony stands in the middle of the elevation, topped by a full row of balusters on the roof. The gate frame is ornamented with columns and a pediment where stands a large sculpture of a sitting crowned lion, holding a coat of arms with shields.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Main elevation detail
Detail of the entry pediment
Hotel Centralny at 85, corner with Unii Lubelskiej street
1875–1876,[18] by Gustaw Weihe
F.F.A.H. Brennecke, a railway operation controleur,[39] is the first registered owner of the house at Bahnhoffstraße 37. In 1900, the edifice became the Hotel Victoria[38] and Hotel "Viktoria" in 1920, run by Jan Draheim.[46] It is still a hotel today, "Hotel Centralny".
The architecture of this corner house is typical of the last quarter of the 19th century: a two-storey (plus attic) tenement, with few decoration on the outside, except a frieze running beneath the gable, some shed dormers, and a nicely adorned bay window on the corner. Quite noticeable is the entry in the corner, flanked by two columns.
View from Dworcowa Street
View from Unii Lubelskiej street
Frieze detail
Detail of the corner bay window
Heinrich Kirsch tenement, at 86
1904,[18] by Rudolf Kern
Heinrich Kirsch was the owner of the newly commissioned house to Rudolf Kern at Bahnhoffstraße 56.[89] He lived there until World War I. At the same time, the architect has been building his own house at 1 Adam Mickiewicz Alley. The building underwent a thorough renovation in 2020.[90]
The main elevation, now refurbished, reveals Art Nouveau inclinations: curved shapes of the gable, portals and transom emphasize the Secession inspiration of Rudolf Kern. In addition, the facade strikes by its huge bay window, topped by a balcony.
Facade at Nr.86 after renovation
Tenement at 87
1864-1870[18]
The tenement at then-Bahnhoffstraße 38, even though conceived as an habitation house at its inception in 1876, soon turned to house a hotel: Heise's Hotel in 1876,[39] Hoffman's Hotel in 1884[91] then Gelhorn's Hotel from 1887 to 1939,[4] period from which the actual building dates back to. After WWII, the building was the local seat of the United People's Party (Polish: Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe, ZSL). On March 16, 1981, it was occupied by farm workers from the trade union "Solidarity" (Polish: Solidarność).[92]
The facade reflects Neo-Renaissance elements, with its bared wall and minimal window decoration. One can notice the original transom above the vehicle entry, on the left of the elevation.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 88
1899[18]
A restaurateur at then Bahnhoffstraße 55, Emil Geste, sold in 1899 the tenement[93] to Clara and Reinhold Rosente, wine and delicatessen merchands, who owned already the adjoining house at Nr.54 (corner with Śniadecki Street).[38]
The facade reflects nicely Neo-Renaissance style: symmetry of the ensemble (balconies disposition, gates locations), specific decoration of openings per level (pediments with Acanthus or bare). It incorporates somehow Neo-Baroque elements, for instance in the wrought iron balustrade of balconies, or the top curved gable. Worth noticeable is the door gate, delicately adorned, as well as the Hermes figure overlooking the entry.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Gate detail
Gable detail
Ornamentation detail
Tenement at 89, corner with Zygmunt August Street
1870[18]
Friedrich Kalau, mail office director, was the first landlord of house at then Bahnhoffstraße 39.[26] The year after, the building became a hotel, Hotel du Nord.[4] Its name changes several times, "Riller's Hotel" in 1875 and "Gelhorn's Hotel" in 1898 run by Anna and Max Scheidling,[4][89] then by Johannes Bohlmann[21] from the 1910s until World War II.
The facade mirrors neighbouring one at Nr.87, but for its larger middle balustrade and the position of the entry gate.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Main gate and bay window
Old style advertising on building's side
Hotel Brda at 94
1854 & 1972
Before the Brda hotel (1972), several other hotel have been standing there: Heise’s Hotel (1889), Hotel zur Neue Stadt (1891) and Hotel Nowe Miasto (1920-1922).
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Tenement at 98
1894[18]
The tenement at Bahnhoffstraße 50 was owned by Albin Cohnfeld, a rentier, who lived at 77 Dworcowa Street. He also owned the adjoining house at Nr.100.[61] Between 1894 and 1937, a Post Office (German: ßostamt) has been standing there.[94]
The facade has a rich decoration, including:
- On the ground floor, bossages and mascarons above each window;
- On the second floor, a wrought iron balcony.
On both levels, opening are topped by pediments. Most remarkable is the delicate bay window prolonged by a loggia with columns on the second floor, capped by a Tented roof steeple.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Gate detail
Detail of the steeple
Facade decoration
Tenement at 100, corner with Sobieskiego street
1870,[18] rebuilt in 1885, by Józef Święcicki and Anton Hoffmann[95]
House at then Bahnhoffstraße 49, together with the one at Bahnhoffstraße 50 (98 Dworcowa), have been owned since the 1870s by Albin Cohnfeld, a rentier,[26] who lived at 77 Dworcowa Street. From 1877 to 1886, the building housed an hotel, Hotel St. Petersburg, run by Louis Jacobowski between 1877 and 1886.[44] From 1913 to 1918, the tenement housed an auxiliary boy school (German: Hilfschule), subsidiary to the "Johannischule" located at 20 Świętojańska street.[96]
The eclectic styled facade has lost almost all of its features with time. Few pediments on second floor windows and a wrought iron entry grille are left.
Facade on Dworcowa Street
Main train Station
1851, 1968, 2015
Oldest and largest railway station in Bydgoszcz, it has undergone a major rebuilding which ended in December 2015.
New train station building
The historical terminal renovated
See also
References
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- ^ Winter, Piotr (1997). Dawne bydgoskie budynki pocztowe i z pocztą związane. Materiały do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu, zeszyt 2. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. p. 17.
- ^ DERKOWSKA-KOSTKOWSKA, BOGNA (2001). Józef Święcicki - szkic do biografii bydgoskiego budowniczego. MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU 6. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 32–50.
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External links
- (in Polish) Heavy steel structure factory
- (in Polish) Pizzeria Ambar in Dworcowa street
- (in Polish) Residential building project at 67
- (in Polish) Culture house for Youth Nr.4 at Dworcowa 82
- (in Polish) Hotel Centralny at Dworcowa 85 2014-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
Bibliography
- (in Polish) Derenda, Jerzy (2006). Piękna stara Bydgoszcz, t. I z serii Bydgoszcz, miasto na Kujawach. Bydgoszcz: warzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. ISBN 9788391617816.
- (in Polish) Bręczewska-Kulesza, Daria. Przegląd stylów występujących w bydgoskiej architekturze drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX stulecia. Bydgoszcz.
- (in Polish) Jastrzębska-Puzowska, Iwona (2005). Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850-1920. Toruń: Wydawnictwo MADO. ISBN 9788389886385.
- (in Polish) Umiński, Janusz (1996). Bydgoszcz. Przewodnik. Bydgoszcz: Regionalny Oddział PTTK "Szlak Brdy".
- (in Polish) Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (2001). Józef Swiecicki – szkic biografii bydgoskiego budowniczego. Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu, z. 6. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 32–50.
- (in Polish) Bręczewska-Kulesza, Daria (2001). Rozwój budownictwa hotelowego w Bydgoszczy w 2. polowie XIX i na początku XX wieku. Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu, z. 7. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 61–85.