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Wikipedia

Double acute accent

January 01, 1970

The double acute accent (◌̋) is a diacritic mark of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. It is used primarily in Hungarian or Chuvash, and consequently it is sometimes referred to by typographers as hungarumlaut.[1] The signs formed with a regular umlaut are letters in their own right in the Hungarian alphabet—for instance, they are separate letters for the purpose of collation. Letters with the double acute, however, are considered variants of their equivalents with the umlaut, being thought of as having both an umlaut and an acute accent.

◌̋
Double acute accent
U+030B ◌̋ COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT (diacritic)
See also
  • U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS (symbol)
  • U+02F6 ˶ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT (diacritic)
  • U+1425 ᐥ CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE ACUTE

Uses edit

Vowel length edit

History edit

Length marks first appeared in Hungarian orthography in the 15th-century Hussite Bible. Initially, only á and é were marked, since they are different in quality as well as length. Later í, ó, ú were marked as well.

In the 18th century, before Hungarian orthography became fixed, u and o with umlaut + acute (ǘ, ö́) were used in some printed documents.[2] 19th century typographers introduced the double acute as a more aesthetic solution.

Hungarian edit

In Hungarian, the double acute is thought of as the letter having both an umlaut and an acute accent. Standard Hungarian has 14 vowels in a symmetrical system: seven short vowels (a, e, i, o, ö, u, ü) and seven long ones, which are written with an acute accent in the case of á, é, í, ó, ú, and with the double acute in the case of ő, ű. Vowel length has phonemic significance in Hungarian, that is, it distinguishes different words and grammatical forms.

short a e i o ö u ü
long á é í ó ő ú ű

Slovak edit

At the beginning of the 20th century, the letter A̋ (A with double acute) was used in Slovak as a long variant of the short vowel Ä (A with diaeresis), representing the vowel /æː/ in dialect and some loanwords.[3] The letter is still used for this purpose in Slovak phonetic transcription systems.

Umlaut edit

Handwriting edit

In handwriting in German and Swedish, the umlaut is sometimes written similarly to a double acute. In the Swedish alphabet, Å, Ä and Ö are letters in their own right.

Chuvash edit

The Chuvash language written in the Cyrillic script uses a double-acute Ӳ, ӳ /y/ as a front counterpart of Cyrillic letter У, у /u/ (see Chuvash vowel harmony), likely after the analogy of handwriting in Latin script languages.[4] In other minority languages of Russia (Khakas, Mari, Altai, and Khanty), the umlauted form Ӱ is used instead.

Faroese edit

 
Example of an ő on a Faroese traffic sign

Classical Danish handwriting uses "ó" for "ø", which becomes a problem when writing Faroese in the same tradition, as "ó" is a part of the Faroese alphabet. Thus ő is sometimes used for ø in Faroese.

Tone edit

International Phonetic Alphabet edit

The IPA and many other phonetic alphabets use two systems to indicate tone: a diacritic system and an adscript system. In the diacritic system, the double acute represents an extra high tone.

tone diacritic adscript
extra high e̋ e˥
high é e˦
mid ē e˧
low è e˨
extra low ȅ e˩

One may encounter this use as a tone sign in some IPA-derived orthographies of minority languages, such as in the North American Native Tanacross (Athapascan). In line with the IPA usage it denotes the extra-high tone.

Unicode edit

Unicode encodes a number of cases of "letter with double acute" as precomposed characters and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using the combining character facility (U+030B ◌̋ COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that the result has any real-world application and thus are not shown in the table.


  •  Double acute ◌̋    Latin: A̋ a̋
  • Ő ő
  • Ű ű    Cyrillic: Ӳ ӳ

Technical notes edit

O and U with double acute accents are supported in the Code page 852, ISO 8859-2, and Unicode character sets.

Code page 852 edit

Some of the box-drawing characters of the original DOS code page 437 were sacrificed in order to put in more accented letters (all printable characters from ISO 8859-2 are included).

Code point 0x8A 0x8B 0xEB 0xFB
Code page 852 Ő ő Ű ű

ISO 8859-2 edit

In ISO 8859-2, the characters Ő, ő, Ű, and ű take the place of some similar-looking (but distinct, especially at bigger font sizes) letters of ISO 8859-1.

Code point 0xD5 0xF5 0xDB 0xFB
ISO 8859-1 Õ õ Û û
ISO 8859-2 Ő ő Ű ű

Unicode edit

All occurrences of "double acute" in character names in the Unicode 9.0 standard:

description character Unicode HTML
Latin
LETTER O
WITH DOUBLE ACUTE 		Ő
ő 		U+0150
U+0151 		Ő
ő
LETTER U
WITH DOUBLE ACUTE 		Ű
ű 		U+0170
U+0171 		Ű
ű
Accents
COMBINING
DOUBLE ACUTE
ACCENT 		◌̋ U+030B ̋
DOUBLE ACUTE
ACCENT 		˝ U+02DD ˝
MODIFIER LETTER
MIDDLE
DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 		˶ U+02F6 ˶
Cyrillic
LETTER U
WITH DOUBLE ACUTE 		Ӳ
ӳ 		U+04F2
U+04F3 		Ӳ
ӳ
Canadian syllabics
FINAL
DOUBLE ACUTE 		ᐥ U+1425 ᐥ

LaTeX Input edit

In LaTeX, the double acute accent is typeset with the \H{} (mnemonic for "Hungarian") command. For example, the name Paul Erdős (in his native Hungarian: Erdős Pál) would be typeset as 

Erd\H{o}s P\'al.

X11 Input edit

In modern X11 systems (or utilities such as WinCompose on Windows systems), the double acute can be typed by pressing the Compose key followed by = (the equal sign) and desired letter (o or u).

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Ray Larabie (18 Aug 2010). . typophile.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-01. Retrieved 2014-09-17.
  2. ^ "Short, illustrated outline about the Hungarian double acutes". www.font.hu. Retrieved 2014-09-17.
  3. ^ Czambel, S. 1902. Rukoväť spisovnej reči slovenskej. Turčiansky Sv. Martin: Vydanie Knihkupecko-nakladateľshého spolku, p. 2.
  4. ^ A possible explanation of the diacritic being influenced by the German handwritten form is the early version of the Chuvash alphabet devised much more than 50 years before the other ones mentioned.

External links edit

 
Look up ő or ű in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Diacritics Project—All you need to design a font with correct accents (contains some incorrect/sloppy data on history)

January 01, 1970
double, acute, accent, double, acute, accent, diacritic, mark, latin, cyrillic, scripts, used, primarily, hungarian, chuvash, consequently, sometimes, referred, typographers, hungarumlaut, signs, formed, with, regular, umlaut, letters, their, right, hungarian,. The double acute accent is a diacritic mark of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts It is used primarily in Hungarian or Chuvash and consequently it is sometimes referred to by typographers as hungarumlaut 1 The signs formed with a regular umlaut are letters in their own right in the Hungarian alphabet for instance they are separate letters for the purpose of collation Letters with the double acute however are considered variants of their equivalents with the umlaut being thought of as having both an umlaut and an acute accent Double acute accentU 030B COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT diacritic See alsoU 002D HYPHEN MINUS symbol U 02F6 MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT diacritic U 1425 ᐥ CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE ACUTE Contents 1 Uses 1 1 Vowel length 1 1 1 History 1 1 2 Hungarian 1 1 3 Slovak 1 2 Umlaut 1 2 1 Handwriting 1 2 2 Chuvash 1 3 Faroese 1 4 Tone 1 4 1 International Phonetic Alphabet 2 Unicode 3 Technical notes 3 1 Code page 852 3 2 ISO 8859 2 3 3 Unicode 3 4 LaTeX Input 3 5 X11 Input 4 See also 5 Footnotes 6 External linksUses editVowel length edit History edit Length marks first appeared in Hungarian orthography in the 15th century Hussite Bible Initially only a and e were marked since they are different in quality as well as length Later i o u were marked as well In the 18th century before Hungarian orthography became fixed u and o with umlaut acute ǘ o were used in some printed documents 2 19th century typographers introduced the double acute as a more aesthetic solution Hungarian edit In Hungarian the double acute is thought of as the letter having both an umlaut and an acute accent Standard Hungarian has 14 vowels in a symmetrical system seven short vowels a e i o o u u and seven long ones which are written with an acute accent in the case of a e i o u and with the double acute in the case of o u Vowel length has phonemic significance in Hungarian that is it distinguishes different words and grammatical forms short a e i o o u u long a e i o o u u Slovak edit At the beginning of the 20th century the letter A A with double acute was used in Slovak as a long variant of the short vowel A A with diaeresis representing the vowel aeː in dialect and some loanwords 3 The letter is still used for this purpose in Slovak phonetic transcription systems Umlaut edit Handwriting edit In handwriting in German and Swedish the umlaut is sometimes written similarly to a double acute In the Swedish alphabet A A and O are letters in their own right Chuvash edit The Chuvash language written in the Cyrillic script uses a double acute Ӳ ӳ y as a front counterpart of Cyrillic letter U u u see Chuvash vowel harmony likely after the analogy of handwriting in Latin script languages 4 In other minority languages of Russia Khakas Mari Altai and Khanty the umlauted form Ӱ is used instead Faroese edit nbsp Example of an o on a Faroese traffic sign Classical Danish handwriting uses o for o which becomes a problem when writing Faroese in the same tradition as o is a part of the Faroese alphabet Thus o is sometimes used for o in Faroese Tone edit International Phonetic Alphabet edit The IPA and many other phonetic alphabets use two systems to indicate tone a diacritic system and an adscript system In the diacritic system the double acute represents an extra high tone tone diacritic adscript extra high e e high e e mid e e low e e extra low ȅ e One may encounter this use as a tone sign in some IPA derived orthographies of minority languages such as in the North American Native Tanacross Athapascan In line with the IPA usage it denotes the extra high tone Unicode editUnicode encodes a number of cases of letter with double acute as precomposed characters and these are displayed below In addition many more symbols may be composed using the combining character facility U 030B COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that the result has any real world application and thus are not shown in the table Double acute Latin A a O oU u Cyrillic Ӳ ӳTechnical notes editO and U with double acute accents are supported in the Code page 852 ISO 8859 2 and Unicode character sets Code page 852 edit Some of the box drawing characters of the original DOS code page 437 were sacrificed in order to put in more accented letters all printable characters from ISO 8859 2 are included Code point 0x8A 0x8B 0xEB 0xFB Code page 852 O o U u ISO 8859 2 edit In ISO 8859 2 the characters O o U and u take the place of some similar looking but distinct especially at bigger font sizes letters of ISO 8859 1 Code point 0xD5 0xF5 0xDB 0xFB ISO 8859 1 O o U u ISO 8859 2 O o U u Unicode edit All occurrences of double acute in character names in the Unicode 9 0 standard description character Unicode HTML Latin LETTER OWITH DOUBLE ACUTE Oo U 0150U 0151 amp 336 amp 337 LETTER UWITH DOUBLE ACUTE Uu U 0170U 0171 amp 368 amp 369 Accents COMBININGDOUBLE ACUTEACCENT U 030B amp 779 DOUBLE ACUTEACCENT U 02DD amp 733 MODIFIER LETTERMIDDLEDOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT U 02F6 amp 758 Cyrillic LETTER UWITH DOUBLE ACUTE Ӳӳ U 04F2U 04F3 amp 1266 amp 1267 Canadian syllabics FINALDOUBLE ACUTE ᐥ U 1425 amp 5157 LaTeX Input edit In LaTeX the double acute accent is typeset with the H mnemonic for Hungarian command For example the name Paul Erdos in his native Hungarian Erdos Pal would be typeset as Erd H o s P al X11 Input edit In modern X11 systems or utilities such as WinCompose on Windows systems the double acute can be typed by pressing the Compose key followed by the equal sign and desired letter o or u See also editAcute accent Double grave accent Umlaut Diaeresis Hungarian alphabetFootnotes edit Ray Larabie 18 Aug 2010 The Low Profile Acutes vs Hungarumlaut typophile com Archived from the original on 2015 05 01 Retrieved 2014 09 17 Short illustrated outline about the Hungarian double acutes www font hu Retrieved 2014 09 17 Czambel S 1902 Rukovat spisovnej reci slovenskej Turciansky Sv Martin Vydanie Knihkupecko nakladateľsheho spolku p 2 A possible explanation of the diacritic being influenced by the German handwritten form is the early version of the Chuvash alphabet devised much more than 50 years before the other ones mentioned External links edit nbsp Look up o or u in Wiktionary the free dictionary Diacritics Project All you need to design a font with correct accents contains some incorrect sloppy data on history Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Double acute accent amp oldid 1209454076, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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