Natural-rights libertarianism (also known as deontological liberalism, deontological libertarianism, libertarian moralism,[1]natural rights-based libertarianism, philosophical libertarianism[2] or rights-theorist libertarianism) is the theory that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights, mainly a right of individual sovereignty and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights-violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts. This is one of the two ethical view points within right-libertarianism, the other being consequentialist libertarianism which only takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences.[3][4]
Some deontological libertarian views are based on the non-aggression principle which states that no human being holds the right to initiate force or fraud against the person or property of another human being under any circumstances. This principle is taken as basic, defining all other moral principles, not simply principles of justice. Others are based on self-ownership, and concerned only with principles of justice.[5]
Some deontological libertarians such as Ayn Rand advocate a minimal government to protect individuals from any violation of their rights and to prosecute those who initiate force against others. Others such as Murray Rothbard advocate the abolition of the state as they see the state as being an institutionalized initiation of force due to taxation. Their view of natural rights is derived, directly or indirectly, from the writings of St. Thomas Aquinas and John Locke. Hans-Hermann Hoppe advocates the abolition of the state on the basis of argumentation ethics.[1]
Political partiesedit
Deontological libertarianism is the form of libertarianism officially supported by the Libertarian Party in the United States. In order to become a card-carrying member, one must sign an oath opposing the initiation of force to achieve political or social goals.[6]
Criticisms and responsesedit
Some libertarians argue that a relaxation of the non-aggression principle can bring the greatest liberty to the greatest number. Murray Rothbard responded to this criticism by asserting that the means ought never to contradict the ends.[7] Consequentialist libertarians ask "What authoritative force endowed me, and every other human being alive, with the right and responsibility of self-ownership? How does one prove, substantiate, or justify its existence?", at which Rothbard responded by appealing to a process of elimination which concluded in his asserting that self-ownership is the only defensible ethical position.[7]
Philosopher Jonathan Wolff criticizes deontological libertarianism as incoherent, writing that it is incapable of explaining why harm suffered by the losers in economic competition does not violate the principle of self-ownership and that its advocates must "dishonestly smuggle" consequentialist arguments into their reasoning to justify the institution of the free market.[3]
^ abBradford. R. W. (1998). "The Two Libertarianisms". Liberty.
^Miron, Jeffrey A. (2010). Libertarianism: From A to Z. Basic Books. p. 38.
^ abWolff, Jonathan. (PDF). Virginia Law Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Zwolinski, Matt. "Libertarianism". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
^Nozick, Robert (2013). Anarchy, State and Utopia, Reprint Edition. ISBN978-0465051007.
^Yeager, Leland B. (2001). Ethics As Social Science: The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 283.
^ abRothbard, Murray (1982). The Ethics of Liberty. Humanities Press.
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Natural rights libertarianism also known as deontological liberalism deontological libertarianism libertarian moralism 1 natural rights based libertarianism philosophical libertarianism 2 or rights theorist libertarianism is the theory that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights mainly a right of individual sovereignty and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts This is one of the two ethical view points within right libertarianism the other being consequentialist libertarianism which only takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences 3 4 Some deontological libertarian views are based on the non aggression principle which states that no human being holds the right to initiate force or fraud against the person or property of another human being under any circumstances This principle is taken as basic defining all other moral principles not simply principles of justice Others are based on self ownership and concerned only with principles of justice 5 Contents 1 Deontological libertarian philosophies 2 Political parties 3 Criticisms and responses 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingDeontological libertarian philosophies editSome deontological libertarians such as Ayn Rand advocate a minimal government to protect individuals from any violation of their rights and to prosecute those who initiate force against others Others such as Murray Rothbard advocate the abolition of the state as they see the state as being an institutionalized initiation of force due to taxation Their view of natural rights is derived directly or indirectly from the writings of St Thomas Aquinas and John Locke Hans Hermann Hoppe advocates the abolition of the state on the basis of argumentation ethics 1 Political parties editDeontological libertarianism is the form of libertarianism officially supported by the Libertarian Party in the United States In order to become a card carrying member one must sign an oath opposing the initiation of force to achieve political or social goals 6 Criticisms and responses editSome libertarians argue that a relaxation of the non aggression principle can bring the greatest liberty to the greatest number Murray Rothbard responded to this criticism by asserting that the means ought never to contradict the ends 7 Consequentialist libertarians ask What authoritative force endowed me and every other human being alive with the right and responsibility of self ownership How does one prove substantiate or justify its existence at which Rothbard responded by appealing to a process of elimination which concluded in his asserting that self ownership is the only defensible ethical position 7 Philosopher Jonathan Wolff criticizes deontological libertarianism as incoherent writing that it is incapable of explaining why harm suffered by the losers in economic competition does not violate the principle of self ownership and that its advocates must dishonestly smuggle consequentialist arguments into their reasoning to justify the institution of the free market 3 See also edit nbsp Libertarianism portal nbsp Politics portalAustrian School Classical liberalism Consequentialist libertarianism Debates within libertarianism Geolibertarianism Minarchism Natural and legal rights Non aggression principle Objectivism and libertarianism Outline of libertarianism Political ethics Self ownership VoluntaryismReferences edit a b Bradford R W 1998 The Two Libertarianisms Liberty Miron Jeffrey A 2010 Libertarianism From A to Z Basic Books p 38 a b Wolff Jonathan Libertarianism Utility and Economic Competition PDF Virginia Law Review Archived from the original PDF on 12 January 2013 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Zwolinski Matt Libertarianism Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved 23 August 2008 Nozick Robert 2013 Anarchy State and Utopia Reprint Edition ISBN 978 0465051007 Yeager Leland B 2001 Ethics As Social Science The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation Edward Elgar Publishing p 283 a b Rothbard Murray 1982 The Ethics of Liberty Humanities Press Further reading editMiller Fred 2008 Rights Natural In Hamowy Ronald ed The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Thousand Oaks CA Sage Cato Institute pp 434 436 ISBN 978 1412965804 Rasmussen Douglas B 2008 Rights Theory of In Hamowy Ronald ed The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism Thousand Oaks CA Sage Cato Institute pp 436 438 ISBN 978 1412965804 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Natural rights libertarianism amp oldid 1186587976, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
