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Wikipedia

Data breach

January 20, 2023

A data breach is a security violation, in which sensitive, protected or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen, altered or used by an individual unauthorized to do so.[1] Other terms are unintentional information disclosure, data leak, information leakage and data spill. Incidents range from concerted attacks by individuals who hack for personal gain or malice (black hats), organized crime, political activists or national governments, to poorly configured system security or careless disposal of used computer equipment or data storage media. Leaked information can range from matters compromising national security, to information on actions which a government or official considers embarrassing and wants to conceal. A deliberate data breach by a person privy to the information, typically for political purposes, is more often described as a "leak".[2]

Data breaches may involve financial information such as credit card and debit card details, bank details, personal health information (PHI), Personally identifiable information (PII), trade secrets of corporations or intellectual property. Data breaches may involve overexposed and vulnerable unstructured data – files, documents, and sensitive information.[3]

Data breaches can be quite costly to organizations with direct costs (remediation, investigation, etc) and indirect costs (reputational damages, providing cyber security to victims of compromised data, etc.).

According to the nonprofit consumer organization Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, a total of 227,052,199 individual records containing sensitive personal information were involved in security breaches in the United States between January 2005 and May 2008, excluding incidents where sensitive data was apparently not actually exposed.[4]

Many jurisdictions have passed data breach notification laws, which requires a company that has been subject to a data breach to inform customers and take other steps to remediate possible injuries.

In what can be touted as one of the biggest Twitter data breaches, the data of 400 million Twitter users have been put up for sale on the dark web. The revelation comes a day after The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced an investigation into an earlier Twitter data leak that had affected over 5.4 million users. The earlier breach was discovered in late November.

According to Alon Gal, co-Founder and CTO of Israeli cybercrime intelligence company, Hudson Rock, the data was probably obtained from an API vulnerability enabling the threat actor to query any email or phone and retrieve a Twitter profile.[5]

Definition

A data breach may include incidents such as theft or loss of digital media such as computer tapes, hard drives, or laptop computers with unencrypted information, posting such information on the World Wide Web without proper information security precautions, transfer of such information to a system which is not completely open but is not appropriately or formally accredited for security, such as unencrypted e-mail, or transfer of such information to the information systems of a possibly hostile agency, such as a competing corporation or a foreign nation, where it may be exposed to more intensive decryption techniques.[6]

ISO/IEC 27040 defines a data breach as: compromise of security that leads to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure of, or access to protected data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed.[7]

Trust and privacy

The notion of a trusted environment is somewhat fluid. The departure of a trusted staff member with access to sensitive information can become a data breach if the staff member retains access to the data after termination of the trust relationship. In distributed systems, this can also occur with a breakdown in a web of trust. Data quality is one way of reducing the risk of a data breach,[8] partly because it allows the owner of the data to rate data according to importance and give better protection to more important data.

Most such incidents publicized in the media involve private information on individuals, e.g. social security numbers. Loss of corporate information such as trade secrets, sensitive corporate information, and details of contracts, or of government information is frequently unreported, as there is no compelling reason to do so in the absence of potential damage to private citizens, and the publicity around such an event may be more damaging than the loss of the data itself.[9]

Insider versus external threats

Those working inside an organization are a significant cause of data breaches. Estimates of breaches caused by accidental "human factor" errors is around 20% by the Verizon 2021 Data Breach Investigations Report.[10] The external threat category includes hackers, cybercriminal organizations and state-sponsored actors. Professional associations for IT asset managers work aggressively with IT professionals to educate them on [11] for both internal and external threats to IT assets, software and information. While security prevention may deflect a high percentage of attempts, ultimately a motivated attacker will likely find a way into any given network. One of the top 10 quotes from Cisco CEO John Chambers is, "There are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and those that don't know they have been hacked."[12] FBI Special Agent for Cyber Special Operations Leo Taddeo warned on Bloomberg television, "The notion that you can protect your perimeter is falling by the wayside & detection is now critical."[13]

Medical data breach

Main article: Medical data breach

Some celebrities have found themselves to be the victims of inappropriate medical record access breaches, albeit more so on an individual basis, not part of a typically much larger breach.[14] Given the series of medical data breaches and the lack of public trust, some countries have enacted laws requiring safeguards to be put in place to protect the security and confidentiality of medical information as it is shared electronically and to give patients some important rights to monitor their medical records and receive notification for loss and unauthorized acquisition of health information. The United States and the EU have imposed mandatory medical data breach notifications.[15] Reportable breaches of medical information are increasingly common in the United States.[16]

 
Average cost of data breaches in Germany[17]

Consequences

Although such incidents pose the risk of identity theft or other serious consequences, in most cases there is no lasting damage; either the breach in security is remedied before the information is accessed by unscrupulous people, or the thief is only interested in the hardware stolen, not the data it contains. Nevertheless, when such incidents become publicly known, it is customary for the offending party to attempt to mitigate damages by providing to the victim's subscription to a credit reporting agency, for instance, new credit cards, or other instruments. In the case of Target, the 2013 breach cost Target a significant drop in profit, which dove an estimated 40 percent in the 4th quarter of the year.[18] At the end of 2015, Target published a report claiming a total loss of $290 million to data breach related fees.[19]

The Yahoo breach disclosed in 2016 may be one of the most expensive today. It may lower the price of its acquisition by Verizon by $1 billion.[20] Verizon later released their renegotiation to Yahoo agreeing to lower the final price from $4.8 to $4.48 billion.[21] Cybercrime cost energy and utilities companies an average of $12.8 million each year in lost business and damaged equipment according to DNV GL, an international certification body and classification society based in Norway.[22] Data breaches cost healthcare organizations $6.2 billion in the last two years (presumably 2014 and 2015), according to a Ponemon study.[23]

In health care, more than 25 million people have had their health care stolen, resulting in the identity theft of more than 6 million people, and the out-of-pocket cost of victims is close to $56 billion.[24] Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC) has shown records from January 2005 to December 2018 that there has been more than 9000 breaches events. Also, what causes lead to each breach such as, insider attack, payment card fraud, lost or stolen portable device, infected malware and sending an email to the wrong person (DISC). This shows that many common mistake that leads to a data breach is humans who make mistakes allowing hackers to exploit it and perform an attack.[25]

It is notoriously difficult to obtain information on direct and indirect value loss resulting from a data breach. A common approach to assess the impact of data breaches is to study the market reaction to such an incident as a proxy for the economic consequences. This is typically conducted through the use of event studies, where a measure of the event's economic impact can be constructed by using the security prices observed over a relatively short period of time. Several studies such studies have been published with varying findings, including works by Kannan, Rees, and Sridhar (2007),[26] Cavusoglu, Mishra, and Raghunathan (2004),[27] Campbell, Gordon, Loeb, and Lei (2003)[28] as well as Schatz and Bashroush (2017).[29]

Since data volume is growing exponentially in the digital era and data leaks happen more frequently than ever before, preventing sensitive information from being leaked to unauthorized parties becomes one of the most pressing security concerns for enterprises.[30] To safeguard data and finances, businesses and companies often have to put in additional costs to take preventive measure on potential data breaches.[31] From 2017 to 2021, the predicted global spending on internet security is to be over $1 trillion.[31]

Major incidents

See also: List of data breaches

Notable incidents include:

2005

2006

2007

2008

  • In January 2008, GE Money, a division of General Electric, disclosed that a magnetic tape containing 150,000 social security numbers and in-store credit card information from 650,000 retail customers is known to be missing from an Iron Mountain Incorporated storage facility. J.C. Penney is among 230 retailers affected.[39]
  • Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey, January, 300,000 members[4]
  • Lifeblood, February, 321,000 blood donors[4]
  • British National Party membership list leak[40]
  • In early 2008, Countrywide Financial (since acquired by Bank of America) allegedly fell victim to a data breach when, according to news reports and court documents, employee Rene L. Rebollo Jr. stole and sold up to 2.5 million customers' personal information including social security numbers.[41][42] According to the legal complaint: "Beginning in 2008 – coincidentally after they sold their mortgage portfolios under wrongful and fraudulent 'securitization pools,' and coincidentally after their mortgage portfolio went into massive default as a result thereof – Countrywide learned that the financial information of potentially millions of customers had been stolen by certain Countrywide agents, employees or other individuals."[43] In July 2010, Bank of America settled more than 30 related class-action lawsuits by offering free credit monitoring, identity theft insurance and reimbursement for losses to as many as 17 million consumers impacted by the alleged data breach. The settlement was estimated at $56.5 million not including court costs.[44]

2009

  • In December 2009 a RockYou! password database was breached containing 32 million usernames and plaintext passwords, further compromising the use of weak passwords for any purpose.
  • In May 2009 the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal was revealed by The Daily Telegraph. A hard disk containing scanned receipts of UK Members of Parliament and Peers in the House of Lords was offered to various UK newspapers in late April, with The Daily Telegraph finally acquiring it. They published details in instalments from 8 May onwards. Although it was intended by Parliament that the data was to be published, this was to be in redacted form, with details the individual members considered "sensitive" blanked out. The newspaper published unredacted scans which showed details of the claims, many of which appeared to be in breach of the rules and suggested widespread abuse of the generous expenses system. The resulting media storm led to the resignation of the Speaker of the House of Commons and the prosecution and imprisonment of several MPs and Lords for fraud. The expenses system was overhauled and tightened up, being put more on a par with private industry schemes. The Metropolitan Police Service continues to investigate possible frauds, and the Crown Prosecution Service is considering further prosecutions. Several MPs and Lords apologised and made whole, partial or no restitution, and retained their seats. Others who had been shamed in the media did not offer themselves for re-election at the 2010 United Kingdom general election. Although numbering less than 1,500 individuals, the affair received the largest global media coverage of any data breach (as at February 2012).
  • In January 2009 Heartland Payment Systems announced that it had been "the victim of a security breach within its processing system", possibly part of a "global cyber fraud operation".[45] The intrusion has been called the largest criminal breach of card data ever, with estimates of up to 100 million cards from more than 650 financial services companies compromised.[46]

2010

  • Throughout the year, Chelsea Manning released large volumes of secret military data to the public.

2011

  • In April 2011, Sony experienced a data breach within their PlayStation Network. It is estimated that the information of 77 million users was compromised.
  • In March 2011, RSA SecurID suffered a breach of their SecurID token system seed-key warehouse, where the seed keys for their 2 Factor Authentication system were stolen, allowing the attackers to replicate the hardware tokens used for secure access in corporate and government environments.
  • In June 2011, Citigroup disclosed a data breach within their credit card operation, affecting approximately 210,000 or 1% of their customers' accounts.[47]

2012

  • In the Summer of 2012, Wired.com Senior Writer Mat Honan claims that "hackers destroyed my entire digital life in the span of an hour” by hacking his Apple, Twitter, and Gmail passwords in order to gain access to his Twitter handle and in the process, claims the hackers wiped out every one of his devices, deleting all of his messages and documents, including every picture he had ever taken of his 18-month-old daughter.[48] The exploit was achieved with a combination of information provided to the hackers by Amazon's tech support through social engineering, and the password recovery system of Apple which used this information.[49] Related to his experience, Mat Honan wrote a piece outlining why passwords cannot keep users safe.[50]
  • In October 2012, a law enforcement agency contacted the South Carolina Department of Revenue (DoR) with evidence that Personally Identifiable Information (PII) of three individuals had been stolen.[51] It was later reported that an estimated 3.6 million Social Security numbers were compromised along with 387,000 credit card records.[52]

2013

  • In October 2013, Adobe Systems revealed that their corporate database was hacked and some 130 million user records were stolen. According to Adobe, "For more than a year, Adobe’s authentication system has cryptographically hashed customer passwords using the SHA-256 algorithm, including salting the passwords and iterating the hash more than 1,000 times. This system was not the subject of the attack we publicly disclosed on October 3, 2013. The authentication system involved in the attack was a backup system and was designated to be decommissioned. The system involved in the attack used Triple DES encryption to protect all password information stored."[53]
    Further information: Adobe Systems § Customer data breach
  • In late November to early December 2013, Target Corporation announced that data from around 70 million credit and debit cards was stolen. It is the second largest credit and debit card breach after the TJX Companies data breach where almost 46 million cards were affected.[54]
  • In 2013, Edward Snowden published a series of secret documents that revealed widespread spying by the United States National Security Agency and similar agencies in other countries.

2014

  • In August 2014, nearly 200 photographs of celebrities were stolen from Apple iCloud accounts and posted to the image board website 4chan. An investigation by Apple found that the images were obtained "by a very targeted attack on user names, passwords and security questions".[55] However, Apple toughened iCloud security through an opt-in 2 factor authentication, after celebrity breach.[1]
  • In September 2014, Home Depot suffered a data breach of 56 million credit card numbers.[56]
  • In October 2014, Staples suffered a data breach of 1.16 million customer payment cards.[57]
  • In November 2014 and for weeks after, Sony Pictures Entertainment suffered a data breach involving personal information about Sony Pictures employees and their families, e-mails between employees, information about executive salaries at the company, copies of (previously) unreleased Sony films, and other information. The hackers involved claim to have taken over 100 terabytes of data from Sony.[58]

2015

  • In October 2015, the British telecommunications provider TalkTalk suffered a data breach when a group of 15-year-old hackers stole information on its 4 million customers. The stock price of the company fell substantially due to the issue – around 12% – owing largely to the bad publicity surrounding the leak.[59]
  • In July 2015, adult website Ashley Madison suffered a data breach when a hacker group stole information on its 37 million users. The hackers threatened to reveal usernames and specifics if Ashley Madison and a fellow site, EstablishedMen.com, did not shut down permanently.[60]
  • In February 2015, Anthem suffered a data breach of nearly 80 million records, including personal information such as names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, and other sensitive details.[61]
  • In June 2015, The Office of Personnel Management of the U.S. government suffered a data breach in which the records of 22.1 million current and former federal employees of the United States were hacked and stolen.[62]

2016

  • In February 2016, the 15-year-old British hacker Kane Gamble leaked the personal details of over 20,000 FBI employees,[63] including employees' names, job titles, phone numbers and email addresses.[64] The judge said Gamble engaged in "politically motivated cyber-terrorism."[65]
  • In March 2016, the website of the Commission on Elections in the Philippines was defaced by hacktivist group, "Anonymous Philippines". A larger problem arose when a group called LulzSec Pilipinas uploaded COMELEC's entire database on Facebook the following day.[66]
  • In April 2016, news media carried information stolen from a successful network attack of the Central American law firm, Mossack Fonseca, and the resulting “Panama Papers” sent reverberations throughout the world.[67] Perhaps a justified vindication of illegal or unethical activity, this nonetheless illustrates the impact of secrets coming to light. The Prime Minister of Iceland was forced to resign[68] and a major reshuffling of political offices occurred in countries as far-flung as Malta.[69] Multiple investigations were immediately initiated in countries around the world, including a hard look at international[70] or offshore banking rules in the U.S.[71] Obviously the implications are enormous to the ability of an organization—whether a law firm or a governmental department—to keep secrets.[72]
  • In September 2016 Yahoo reported that up to 500 million accounts in 2014 had been breached in an apparent "state-sponsored" data breach. It was later reported in October 2017 that 3 billion accounts had been breached, accounting for every Yahoo account at the time.

2017

  • Vault 7, CIA's hacking techniques revealed in data breach.[73] Leaked documents, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013–2016, detail the capabilities of the CIA to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare,[74] such as the ability to compromise the operating systems of most smartphones (including Apple's iOS and Google's Android), as well as other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.[75] Joshua Adam Schulte, a former CIA employee, has been convicted of leaking CIA hacking secrets to WikiLeaks.[76]
  • Equifax, July 2017, 145,500,000 consumer records, the largest known data breach in history at the time[77] leading to the potential for the largest class action lawsuit in history.[78] As of early October 2017, the cities of Chicago and San Francisco and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have filed enforcement actions against Equifax following the July 2017 data breach, in which hackers allegedly exploited a vulnerability in the open-source software used to create Equifax's online consumer dispute portal.[79] The hackers had not only information of U.S. residents but also U.K. and Canadians as well.[80]
  • United States-South Korea classified military documents, October 2017. A South Korean lawmaker claimed that North Korean hackers stole over 235 gigabytes of military documents from the Defense Integrated Data Center in September 2016. Leaked documents included South Korea-U.S. wartime operational plans.[81]
  • Paradise Papers, November 2017.

2018

  • Facebook and Cambridge Analytica data scandal in March.[82]
  • In March, Google identified a vulnerability exposing the personal information of nearly half a million users. While they patched the vulnerability, they did not disclose the exposure to users until the issue was reported on by The Wall Street Journal 6 months after the fact.[83]
  • On 29 March, Under Armour disclosed a data breach of 150 million accounts at MyFitnessPal, with compromised data consisting of user names, the users' e-mail addresses and hashed passwords. Under Armour were notified of the breach on the week of 19–25 March, and that the leak happened sometime in February.[84]
  • It was reported on 1 April that a data breach occurred at Saks Fifth Avenue / Lord & Taylor. About 5 million credit card holders may have had their data compromised in stores in North America.[85]
  • It was reported on 20 July that a data breach on SingHealth, one of Singapore's largest health organisations, happened on 4 July, with about 1.5 million personal data (including data of some ministers, including Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong) being compromised. Ministers on a press conference dubbed the data breach as the "most serious breach of personal data".[86][87]
  • On 1 August, Reddit disclosed they were hacked. The hacker was able to compromise employees accounts even though they used SMS based Two-factor authentication. Reddit refused to disclose the number of affected users.[88]
  • On September 7 it was reported that British Airways experienced a data theft of about 380,000 customer records including full bank details.[89][90]
  • On October 19, the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reported a data breach that exposed files of 75,000 individuals.[91]
  • On December 3, Quora reported a data breach that affected its 100 million users data.[92]
  • In late 2018, the Epic Games Fortnite game was discovered to have a security vulnerability which would have allowed an attacker to use victims' payment card data.[93] That and other breaches are estimated to have led to stolen Fortnite accounts being illegally sold to a value of over a million US dollars a year in underground forums.[94] A class action lawsuit against Epic Games was forming in 2019.[95]

2019

  • In May, personal data of roughly 139 million users of the graphic design service Canva were exposed, including real names of users, usernames, addresses and geographical information, and password hashes.[96][97]
  • On July 16 Bulgaria’s National Revenue Agency, a branch of the country’s Ministry of Finance.[98]
  • In September, personal data of Ecuador's entire population of 17 million along with deceased people was breached after a marketing analytics firm Novestrat managed unsecured server leaked out full names, dates, places of birth, education, phone numbers and national identity numbers.[99]

2020

2021

2022

See also

References

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External links

January 20, 2023
data, breach, data, breach, security, violation, which, sensitive, protected, confidential, data, copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen, altered, used, individual, unauthorized, other, terms, unintentional, information, disclosure, data, leak, information, leaka. A data breach is a security violation in which sensitive protected or confidential data is copied transmitted viewed stolen altered or used by an individual unauthorized to do so 1 Other terms are unintentional information disclosure data leak information leakage and data spill Incidents range from concerted attacks by individuals who hack for personal gain or malice black hats organized crime political activists or national governments to poorly configured system security or careless disposal of used computer equipment or data storage media Leaked information can range from matters compromising national security to information on actions which a government or official considers embarrassing and wants to conceal A deliberate data breach by a person privy to the information typically for political purposes is more often described as a leak 2 Data breaches may involve financial information such as credit card and debit card details bank details personal health information PHI Personally identifiable information PII trade secrets of corporations or intellectual property Data breaches may involve overexposed and vulnerable unstructured data files documents and sensitive information 3 Data breaches can be quite costly to organizations with direct costs remediation investigation etc and indirect costs reputational damages providing cyber security to victims of compromised data etc According to the nonprofit consumer organization Privacy Rights Clearinghouse a total of 227 052 199 individual records containing sensitive personal information were involved in security breaches in the United States between January 2005 and May 2008 excluding incidents where sensitive data was apparently not actually exposed 4 Many jurisdictions have passed data breach notification laws which requires a company that has been subject to a data breach to inform customers and take other steps to remediate possible injuries In what can be touted as one of the biggest Twitter data breaches the data of 400 million Twitter users have been put up for sale on the dark web The revelation comes a day after The Irish Data Protection Commission DPC announced an investigation into an earlier Twitter data leak that had affected over 5 4 million users The earlier breach was discovered in late November According to Alon Gal co Founder and CTO of Israeli cybercrime intelligence company Hudson Rock the data was probably obtained from an API vulnerability enabling the threat actor to query any email or phone and retrieve a Twitter profile 5 Contents 1 Definition 2 Trust and privacy 3 Insider versus external threats 4 Medical data breach 5 Consequences 6 Major incidents 6 1 2005 6 2 2006 6 3 2007 6 4 2008 6 5 2009 6 6 2010 6 7 2011 6 8 2012 6 9 2013 6 10 2014 6 11 2015 6 12 2016 6 13 2017 6 14 2018 6 15 2019 6 16 2020 6 17 2021 6 18 2022 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksDefinition EditA data breach may include incidents such as theft or loss of digital media such as computer tapes hard drives or laptop computers with unencrypted information posting such information on the World Wide Web without proper information security precautions transfer of such information to a system which is not completely open but is not appropriately or formally accredited for security such as unencrypted e mail or transfer of such information to the information systems of a possibly hostile agency such as a competing corporation or a foreign nation where it may be exposed to more intensive decryption techniques 6 ISO IEC 27040 defines a data breach as compromise of security that leads to the accidental or unlawful destruction loss alteration unauthorized disclosure of or access to protected data transmitted stored or otherwise processed 7 Trust and privacy EditThe notion of a trusted environment is somewhat fluid The departure of a trusted staff member with access to sensitive information can become a data breach if the staff member retains access to the data after termination of the trust relationship In distributed systems this can also occur with a breakdown in a web of trust Data quality is one way of reducing the risk of a data breach 8 partly because it allows the owner of the data to rate data according to importance and give better protection to more important data Most such incidents publicized in the media involve private information on individuals e g social security numbers Loss of corporate information such as trade secrets sensitive corporate information and details of contracts or of government information is frequently unreported as there is no compelling reason to do so in the absence of potential damage to private citizens and the publicity around such an event may be more damaging than the loss of the data itself 9 Insider versus external threats EditThose working inside an organization are a significant cause of data breaches Estimates of breaches caused by accidental human factor errors is around 20 by the Verizon 2021 Data Breach Investigations Report 10 The external threat category includes hackers cybercriminal organizations and state sponsored actors Professional associations for IT asset managers work aggressively with IT professionals to educate them on best risk reduction practices 11 for both internal and external threats to IT assets software and information While security prevention may deflect a high percentage of attempts ultimately a motivated attacker will likely find a way into any given network One of the top 10 quotes from Cisco CEO John Chambers is There are two types of companies those that have been hacked and those that don t know they have been hacked 12 FBI Special Agent for Cyber Special Operations Leo Taddeo warned on Bloomberg television The notion that you can protect your perimeter is falling by the wayside amp detection is now critical 13 Medical data breach EditMain article Medical data breach Some celebrities have found themselves to be the victims of inappropriate medical record access breaches albeit more so on an individual basis not part of a typically much larger breach 14 Given the series of medical data breaches and the lack of public trust some countries have enacted laws requiring safeguards to be put in place to protect the security and confidentiality of medical information as it is shared electronically and to give patients some important rights to monitor their medical records and receive notification for loss and unauthorized acquisition of health information The United States and the EU have imposed mandatory medical data breach notifications 15 Reportable breaches of medical information are increasingly common in the United States 16 Average cost of data breaches in Germany 17 Consequences EditAlthough such incidents pose the risk of identity theft or other serious consequences in most cases there is no lasting damage either the breach in security is remedied before the information is accessed by unscrupulous people or the thief is only interested in the hardware stolen not the data it contains Nevertheless when such incidents become publicly known it is customary for the offending party to attempt to mitigate damages by providing to the victim s subscription to a credit reporting agency for instance new credit cards or other instruments In the case of Target the 2013 breach cost Target a significant drop in profit which dove an estimated 40 percent in the 4th quarter of the year 18 At the end of 2015 Target published a report claiming a total loss of 290 million to data breach related fees 19 The Yahoo breach disclosed in 2016 may be one of the most expensive today It may lower the price of its acquisition by Verizon by 1 billion 20 Verizon later released their renegotiation to Yahoo agreeing to lower the final price from 4 8 to 4 48 billion 21 Cybercrime cost energy and utilities companies an average of 12 8 million each year in lost business and damaged equipment according to DNV GL an international certification body and classification society based in Norway 22 Data breaches cost healthcare organizations 6 2 billion in the last two years presumably 2014 and 2015 according to a Ponemon study 23 In health care more than 25 million people have had their health care stolen resulting in the identity theft of more than 6 million people and the out of pocket cost of victims is close to 56 billion 24 Privacy Rights Clearinghouse PRC has shown records from January 2005 to December 2018 that there has been more than 9000 breaches events Also what causes lead to each breach such as insider attack payment card fraud lost or stolen portable device infected malware and sending an email to the wrong person DISC This shows that many common mistake that leads to a data breach is humans who make mistakes allowing hackers to exploit it and perform an attack 25 It is notoriously difficult to obtain information on direct and indirect value loss resulting from a data breach A common approach to assess the impact of data breaches is to study the market reaction to such an incident as a proxy for the economic consequences This is typically conducted through the use of event studies where a measure of the event s economic impact can be constructed by using the security prices observed over a relatively short period of time Several studies such studies have been published with varying findings including works by Kannan Rees and Sridhar 2007 26 Cavusoglu Mishra and Raghunathan 2004 27 Campbell Gordon Loeb and Lei 2003 28 as well as Schatz and Bashroush 2017 29 Since data volume is growing exponentially in the digital era and data leaks happen more frequently than ever before preventing sensitive information from being leaked to unauthorized parties becomes one of the most pressing security concerns for enterprises 30 To safeguard data and finances businesses and companies often have to put in additional costs to take preventive measure on potential data breaches 31 From 2017 to 2021 the predicted global spending on internet security is to be over 1 trillion 31 Major incidents EditSee also List of data breaches Notable incidents include 2005 Edit Ameriprise Financial stolen laptop December 24 260 000 customer records 4 ChoicePoint February 163 000 consumer records 32 2006 Edit AOL search data scandal sometimes referred to as a Data Valdez 33 34 35 due to its size Department of Veterans Affairs May 28 600 000 veterans reserves and active duty military personnel 4 36 Ernst amp Young May 234 000 customers of Hotels com after a similar loss of data on 38 000 employees of Ernst amp Young clients in February 4 Boeing December 382 000 employees after similar losses of data on 3 600 employees in April and 161 000 employees in November 2005 4 2007 Edit D A Davidson amp Co 192 000 clients names customer account and social security numbers addresses and dates of birth 37 The 2007 loss of Ohio and Connecticut state data by Accenture TJ Maxx data for 45 million credit and debit accounts 38 2007 UK child benefit data scandal CGI Group August 283 000 retirees from New York City 4 The Gap September 800 000 job applicants 4 Memorial Blood Center December 268 000 blood donors 4 Davidson County Election Commission December 337 000 voters 4 2008 Edit In January 2008 GE Money a division of General Electric disclosed that a magnetic tape containing 150 000 social security numbers and in store credit card information from 650 000 retail customers is known to be missing from an Iron Mountain Incorporated storage facility J C Penney is among 230 retailers affected 39 Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey January 300 000 members 4 Lifeblood February 321 000 blood donors 4 British National Party membership list leak 40 In early 2008 Countrywide Financial since acquired by Bank of America allegedly fell victim to a data breach when according to news reports and court documents employee Rene L Rebollo Jr stole and sold up to 2 5 million customers personal information including social security numbers 41 42 According to the legal complaint Beginning in 2008 coincidentally after they sold their mortgage portfolios under wrongful and fraudulent securitization pools and coincidentally after their mortgage portfolio went into massive default as a result thereof Countrywide learned that the financial information of potentially millions of customers had been stolen by certain Countrywide agents employees or other individuals 43 In July 2010 Bank of America settled more than 30 related class action lawsuits by offering free credit monitoring identity theft insurance and reimbursement for losses to as many as 17 million consumers impacted by the alleged data breach The settlement was estimated at 56 5 million not including court costs 44 2009 Edit In December 2009 a RockYou password database was breached containing 32 million usernames and plaintext passwords further compromising the use of weak passwords for any purpose In May 2009 the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal was revealed by The Daily Telegraph A hard disk containing scanned receipts of UK Members of Parliament and Peers in the House of Lords was offered to various UK newspapers in late April with The Daily Telegraph finally acquiring it They published details in instalments from 8 May onwards Although it was intended by Parliament that the data was to be published this was to be in redacted form with details the individual members considered sensitive blanked out The newspaper published unredacted scans which showed details of the claims many of which appeared to be in breach of the rules and suggested widespread abuse of the generous expenses system The resulting media storm led to the resignation of the Speaker of the House of Commons and the prosecution and imprisonment of several MPs and Lords for fraud The expenses system was overhauled and tightened up being put more on a par with private industry schemes The Metropolitan Police Service continues to investigate possible frauds and the Crown Prosecution Service is considering further prosecutions Several MPs and Lords apologised and made whole partial or no restitution and retained their seats Others who had been shamed in the media did not offer themselves for re election at the 2010 United Kingdom general election Although numbering less than 1 500 individuals the affair received the largest global media coverage of any data breach as at February 2012 In January 2009 Heartland Payment Systems announced that it had been the victim of a security breach within its processing system possibly part of a global cyber fraud operation 45 The intrusion has been called the largest criminal breach of card data ever with estimates of up to 100 million cards from more than 650 financial services companies compromised 46 2010 Edit Throughout the year Chelsea Manning released large volumes of secret military data to the public 2011 Edit In April 2011 Sony experienced a data breach within their PlayStation Network It is estimated that the information of 77 million users was compromised In March 2011 RSA SecurID suffered a breach of their SecurID token system seed key warehouse where the seed keys for their 2 Factor Authentication system were stolen allowing the attackers to replicate the hardware tokens used for secure access in corporate and government environments In June 2011 Citigroup disclosed a data breach within their credit card operation affecting approximately 210 000 or 1 of their customers accounts 47 2012 Edit In the Summer of 2012 Wired com Senior Writer Mat Honan claims that hackers destroyed my entire digital life in the span of an hour by hacking his Apple Twitter and Gmail passwords in order to gain access to his Twitter handle and in the process claims the hackers wiped out every one of his devices deleting all of his messages and documents including every picture he had ever taken of his 18 month old daughter 48 The exploit was achieved with a combination of information provided to the hackers by Amazon s tech support through social engineering and the password recovery system of Apple which used this information 49 Related to his experience Mat Honan wrote a piece outlining why passwords cannot keep users safe 50 In October 2012 a law enforcement agency contacted the South Carolina Department of Revenue DoR with evidence that Personally Identifiable Information PII of three individuals had been stolen 51 It was later reported that an estimated 3 6 million Social Security numbers were compromised along with 387 000 credit card records 52 2013 Edit In October 2013 Adobe Systems revealed that their corporate database was hacked and some 130 million user records were stolen According to Adobe For more than a year Adobe s authentication system has cryptographically hashed customer passwords using the SHA 256 algorithm including salting the passwords and iterating the hash more than 1 000 times This system was not the subject of the attack we publicly disclosed on October 3 2013 The authentication system involved in the attack was a backup system and was designated to be decommissioned The system involved in the attack used Triple DES encryption to protect all password information stored 53 Further information Adobe Systems Customer data breach In late November to early December 2013 Target Corporation announced that data from around 70 million credit and debit cards was stolen It is the second largest credit and debit card breach after the TJX Companies data breach where almost 46 million cards were affected 54 In 2013 Edward Snowden published a series of secret documents that revealed widespread spying by the United States National Security Agency and similar agencies in other countries 2014 Edit In August 2014 nearly 200 photographs of celebrities were stolen from Apple iCloud accounts and posted to the image board website 4chan An investigation by Apple found that the images were obtained by a very targeted attack on user names passwords and security questions 55 However Apple toughened iCloud security through an opt in 2 factor authentication after celebrity breach 1 In September 2014 Home Depot suffered a data breach of 56 million credit card numbers 56 In October 2014 Staples suffered a data breach of 1 16 million customer payment cards 57 In November 2014 and for weeks after Sony Pictures Entertainment suffered a data breach involving personal information about Sony Pictures employees and their families e mails between employees information about executive salaries at the company copies of previously unreleased Sony films and other information The hackers involved claim to have taken over 100 terabytes of data from Sony 58 2015 Edit In October 2015 the British telecommunications provider TalkTalk suffered a data breach when a group of 15 year old hackers stole information on its 4 million customers The stock price of the company fell substantially due to the issue around 12 owing largely to the bad publicity surrounding the leak 59 In July 2015 adult website Ashley Madison suffered a data breach when a hacker group stole information on its 37 million users The hackers threatened to reveal usernames and specifics if Ashley Madison and a fellow site EstablishedMen com did not shut down permanently 60 In February 2015 Anthem suffered a data breach of nearly 80 million records including personal information such as names Social Security numbers dates of birth and other sensitive details 61 In June 2015 The Office of Personnel Management of the U S government suffered a data breach in which the records of 22 1 million current and former federal employees of the United States were hacked and stolen 62 2016 Edit In February 2016 the 15 year old British hacker Kane Gamble leaked the personal details of over 20 000 FBI employees 63 including employees names job titles phone numbers and email addresses 64 The judge said Gamble engaged in politically motivated cyber terrorism 65 In March 2016 the website of the Commission on Elections in the Philippines was defaced by hacktivist group Anonymous Philippines A larger problem arose when a group called LulzSec Pilipinas uploaded COMELEC s entire database on Facebook the following day 66 In April 2016 news media carried information stolen from a successful network attack of the Central American law firm Mossack Fonseca and the resulting Panama Papers sent reverberations throughout the world 67 Perhaps a justified vindication of illegal or unethical activity this nonetheless illustrates the impact of secrets coming to light The Prime Minister of Iceland was forced to resign 68 and a major reshuffling of political offices occurred in countries as far flung as Malta 69 Multiple investigations were immediately initiated in countries around the world including a hard look at international 70 or offshore banking rules in the U S 71 Obviously the implications are enormous to the ability of an organization whether a law firm or a governmental department to keep secrets 72 In September 2016 Yahoo reported that up to 500 million accounts in 2014 had been breached in an apparent state sponsored data breach It was later reported in October 2017 that 3 billion accounts had been breached accounting for every Yahoo account at the time 2017 Edit Vault 7 CIA s hacking techniques revealed in data breach 73 Leaked documents codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 2016 detail the capabilities of the CIA to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare 74 such as the ability to compromise the operating systems of most smartphones including Apple s iOS and Google s Android as well as other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows macOS and Linux 75 Joshua Adam Schulte a former CIA employee has been convicted of leaking CIA hacking secrets to WikiLeaks 76 Equifax July 2017 145 500 000 consumer records the largest known data breach in history at the time 77 leading to the potential for the largest class action lawsuit in history 78 As of early October 2017 the cities of Chicago and San Francisco and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have filed enforcement actions against Equifax following the July 2017 data breach in which hackers allegedly exploited a vulnerability in the open source software used to create Equifax s online consumer dispute portal 79 The hackers had not only information of U S residents but also U K and Canadians as well 80 United States South Korea classified military documents October 2017 A South Korean lawmaker claimed that North Korean hackers stole over 235 gigabytes of military documents from the Defense Integrated Data Center in September 2016 Leaked documents included South Korea U S wartime operational plans 81 Paradise Papers November 2017 2018 Edit Facebook and Cambridge Analytica data scandal in March 82 In March Google identified a vulnerability exposing the personal information of nearly half a million users While they patched the vulnerability they did not disclose the exposure to users until the issue was reported on by The Wall Street Journal 6 months after the fact 83 On 29 March Under Armour disclosed a data breach of 150 million accounts at MyFitnessPal with compromised data consisting of user names the users e mail addresses and hashed passwords Under Armour were notified of the breach on the week of 19 25 March and that the leak happened sometime in February 84 It was reported on 1 April that a data breach occurred at Saks Fifth Avenue Lord amp Taylor About 5 million credit card holders may have had their data compromised in stores in North America 85 It was reported on 20 July that a data breach on SingHealth one of Singapore s largest health organisations happened on 4 July with about 1 5 million personal data including data of some ministers including Singapore s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong being compromised Ministers on a press conference dubbed the data breach as the most serious breach of personal data 86 87 On 1 August Reddit disclosed they were hacked The hacker was able to compromise employees accounts even though they used SMS based Two factor authentication Reddit refused to disclose the number of affected users 88 On September 7 it was reported that British Airways experienced a data theft of about 380 000 customer records including full bank details 89 90 On October 19 the US Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services CMS reported a data breach that exposed files of 75 000 individuals 91 On December 3 Quora reported a data breach that affected its 100 million users data 92 In late 2018 the Epic Games Fortnite game was discovered to have a security vulnerability which would have allowed an attacker to use victims payment card data 93 That and other breaches are estimated to have led to stolen Fortnite accounts being illegally sold to a value of over a million US dollars a year in underground forums 94 A class action lawsuit against Epic Games was forming in 2019 95 2019 Edit In May personal data of roughly 139 million users of the graphic design service Canva were exposed including real names of users usernames addresses and geographical information and password hashes 96 97 On July 16 Bulgaria s National Revenue Agency a branch of the country s Ministry of Finance 98 In September personal data of Ecuador s entire population of 17 million along with deceased people was breached after a marketing analytics firm Novestrat managed unsecured server leaked out full names dates places of birth education phone numbers and national identity numbers 99 2020 Edit On July 7 the writing site Wattpad suffered a major data breach by ShinyHunters involving over 270 million users users data were sold on a forum in the darknet including password hashes 100 In mid December 2020 it was reported that multiple US federal government entities and many private organizations across the globe that were using SolarWinds Microsoft and VMWare products became victims of an extensive data breach and hack 101 2021 Edit 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server data breach 102 2021 Epik data breach Pandora Papers 103 2022 Edit March Anonymous leaked the contents of a database from Roscosmos amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 104 July Leak of Shanghai National Police Database September a GTAForums User Leaked the footage of 90 videos of Gta 6 105 See also EditFull disclosure computer security List of data breaches Surveillance capitalism Data breaches in IndiaReferences Edit State and Tribal Child Welfare Information Systems Information Security Data Breach Response Plans PDF Report United States Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families 1 July 2015 p 2 ACYF CB IM 15 04 Archived PDF from the original on 11 November 2020 leak Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Panama Papers Leak The New Normal Xconomy 2016 04 26 Retrieved 2016 08 20 a b c d e f g h i j k Chronology of Data Breaches Privacy Rights Clearinghouse Chandu Gopalakrishnan 2022 12 24 Twitter Data Breach Data of 400 Million Users Up For Sale on Dark Web The Cyber Express a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link When we discuss incidents occurring on NSSs are we using commonly defined terms Archived 2019 04 17 at the Wayback Machine Frequently Asked Questions on Incidents and Spills National Archives Information Security Oversight Office Information technology Security techniques Storage security www iso org Retrieved 2020 10 24 The NHS Must Prioritise Quality To Prevent Further Data Breaches Wickelgren Abraham 2001 Damages for Breach of Contract Should the Government Get Special Treatment Journal of Law Economics amp Organization 17 121 148 doi 10 1093 jleo 17 1 121 2021 DBIR Results amp Analysis Verizon Business Retrieved 2021 12 23 The IT Checklist to Prevent Data Breach IT Solutions amp Services Philippines Aim ph Archived from the original on 2016 06 16 Retrieved 2016 05 06 John Chambers 10 most memorable quotes as Cisco CEO Network World Retrieved 2016 11 10 FBI on Bloomberg TV Archived from the original on 2015 04 20 Ornstein Charles 2008 03 15 Hospital to punish snooping on Spears Los Angeles Times Retrieved 2013 07 26 Kierkegaard Patrick 2012 Medical data breaches Notification delayed is notification denied Computer Law 28 2 163 183 doi 10 1016 j clsr 2012 01 003 McCoy Thomas H Perlis Roy H September 25 2018 Temporal Trends and Characteristics of Reportable Health Data Breaches 2010 2017 JAMA 320 12 1282 1284 doi 10 1001 jama 2018 9222 ISSN 1538 3598 PMC 6233611 PMID 30264106 2010 Annual Study German Cost of a Data Breach PDF Ponemon Institute February 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2011 10 12 Harris Elizabeth A 27 February 2014 Data Breach Hurts Profit at Target The New York Times Retrieved 11 May 2016 Manworren Nathan Letwat Joshua Daily Olivia May 2016 Why you should care about the Target data breach Business Horizons 59 3 257 266 doi 10 1016 j bushor 2016 01 002 ISSN 0007 6813 Verizon Wants 1 Billion Discount After Yahoo Privacy Concerns TechCrunch October 6 2016 Trautman Lawrence J 2016 Corporate Directorss and Officerss Cybersecurity Standard of Care The Yahoo Data Breach SSRN Working Paper Series doi 10 2139 ssrn 2883607 ISSN 1556 5068 S2CID 168229059 Hydrocarbon Processing September 29 2016 Data breaches cost healthcare industry 6 2B Becker s ASC Review May 12 2016 Meisner Marta 2018 03 24 Financial Consequences of Cyber Attacks Leading to Data Breaches in Healthcare Sector Copernican Journal of Finance amp Accounting 6 3 63 doi 10 12775 CJFA 2017 017 ISSN 2300 3065 Hammouchi Hicham Cherqi Othmane Mezzour Ghita Ghogho Mounir Koutbi Mohammed El 2019 01 01 Digging Deeper into Data Breaches An Exploratory Data Analysis of Hacking Breaches Over Time Procedia Computer Science 151 1004 1009 doi 10 1016 j procs 2019 04 141 ISSN 1877 0509 Kannan Karthik Rees Jackie Sridhar Sanjay September 2007 Market Reactions to Information Security Breach Announcements An Empirical Analysis International Journal of Electronic Commerce 12 1 69 91 doi 10 2753 jec1086 4415120103 ISSN 1086 4415 S2CID 1267488 Cavusoglu Huseyin Mishra Birendra Raghunathan Srinivasan 2004 The Effect of Internet Security Breach Announcements on Market Value Capital Market Reactions for Breached Firms and Internet Security Developers International Journal of Electronic Commerce 9 1 69 104 doi 10 1080 10864415 2004 11044320 JSTOR 27751132 S2CID 10753015 Campbell Katherine Gordon Lawrence A Loeb Martin P Zhou Lei 2003 07 01 The economic cost of publicly announced information security breaches empirical evidence from the stock market Journal of Computer Security 11 3 431 448 doi 10 3233 JCS 2003 11308 ISSN 1875 8924 Schatz Daniel Bashroush Rabih 2016 03 14 The impact of repeated data breach events on organisations market value PDF Information amp Computer Security 24 1 73 92 doi 10 1108 ics 03 2014 0020 ISSN 2056 4961 Cheng Long Liu Fang Yao Dangfei 2017 Enterprise data breach causes challenges prevention and future directions WIREs Data Min Knowl Discov 7 5 e1211 doi 10 1002 widm 1211 S2CID 28320918 a b Ryle PM Goodman L Soled JA Tax consequences of data breaches and identity theft Journal of Accountancy October 2020 1 6 ChoicePoint to pay 15 million over data breach NBC News data Valdez Doubletongued dictionary AOL s Massive Data Leak Archived 2008 10 13 at the Wayback Machine Electronic Frontier Foundation data Valdez Net Lingo Active duty troop information part of stolen VA data Archived 2010 04 01 at the Wayback Machine Network World June 6 2006 Manning Jeff 2010 04 13 D A Davidson fined over computer security after data breach The Oregonian Retrieved 2013 07 26 T J Maxx data theft worse than first reported NBC News 2007 03 29 Retrieved 2009 02 16 GE Money Backup Tape With 650 000 Records Missing At Iron Mountain InformationWeek Retrieved 11 May 2016 permanent dead link UK BNP activists details published BBC 2008 11 18 Retrieved 11 May 2016 Reckard E Scott August 24 2010 Bank of America settles Countrywide data theft suits Los Angeles Times Countrywide Sued For Data Breach Class Action Suit Seeks 20 Million in Damages Bank Info Security April 9 2010 Countrywide Sold Private Info Class Claims Courthouse News April 5 2010 The Convergence of Data Identity and Regulatory Risks Making Business a Little Less Risky Blog Heartland Payment Systems Uncovers Malicious Software In Its Processing System Archived 2009 01 27 at the Wayback Machine Lessons from the Data Breach at Heartland MSNBC July 7 2009 Greenberg Andy 9 June 2011 Citibank Reveals One Percent Of Credit Card Accounts Exposed In Hacker Intrusion Forbes Retrieved 2014 09 05 Honan Mat 2012 11 15 Kill the Password Why a String of Characters Can t Protect Us Anymore Wired Retrieved 2013 01 17 Honan Mat August 6 2012 How Apple and Amazon Security Flaws Led to My Epic Hacking Wired Retrieved 26 Jan 2013 Protecting the Individual from Data Breach The National Law Review Raymond Law Group 2014 01 14 Retrieved 2013 01 17 Public Incident Response Report PDF State of South Carolina 2012 11 12 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 23 Retrieved 2014 10 10 South Carolina The mother of all data breaches The Post and Courier 2012 11 03 Retrieved 2014 10 10 Goodin Dan 2013 11 01 How an epic blunder by Adobe could strengthen hand of password crackers Ars Technica Retrieved 2014 06 10 Target Confirms Unauthorized Access to Payment Card Data in U S Stores Target Corporation 19 December 2013 Retrieved 19 January 2016 Apple Media Advisory Update to Celebrity Photo Investigation Business Wire StreetInsider com September 2 2014 Retrieved 2014 09 05 Melvin Backman 18 September 2014 Home Depot 56 million cards exposed in breach CNNMoney Staples Breach may have affected 1 16 million customers cards Fortune December 19 2014 Retrieved 2014 12 21 James Cook December 16 2014 Sony Hackers Have Over 100 Terabytes Of Documents Only Released 200 Gigabytes So Far Business Insider Retrieved December 18 2014 TalkTalk Hacked Again Check amp Secure 2015 10 23 Archived from the original on 2015 12 23 Retrieved 2015 10 23 Online Cheating Site AshleyMadison Hacked krebsonsecurity com 2015 07 15 Retrieved 2015 07 20 Data breach at health insurer Anthem could impact millions 15 February 2015 Hacks of OPM databases compromised 22 1 million people federal authorities say The Washington Post July 9 2015 British teenager who cyber terrorised US intelligence officials gets two years detention Archived 2018 04 22 at the Wayback Machine The Independent April 21 2018 Hackers publish contact info of 20 000 FBI employees Archived 2018 04 22 at the Wayback Machine CNN February 8 2016 UK teen Kane Gamble gets two years for hacking CIA ex chief John Brennan Archived April 22 2018 at the Wayback Machine Deutsche Welle April 20 2018 5 IT Security Lessons from the Comelec Data Breach IT Solutions amp Services Philippines Aim ph Retrieved 2016 05 06 The massive Panama Papers data leak explained Computerworld April 5 2016 Freytas tamura Kimiko De 2016 10 30 Iceland s Prime Minister Resigns After Pirate Party Makes Strong Gains The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2016 11 10 Watch Will Panama scandal go away after the reshuffle Times of Malta Retrieved 2016 11 10 EU Must Bear Down on Money Laundering Regulators Say Law360 U S Readies Bank Rule on Shell Companies Amid Panama Papers Fury NBC News Retrieved 2016 11 10 Can secrets stay secret anymore CIO Dive Retrieved 2016 11 10 Shane Scott Mazzetti Mark Rosenberg Matthew 7 March 2017 WikiLeaks Releases Trove of Alleged C I A Hacking Documents The New York Times Greenberg Andy 2017 03 07 How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone PC and TV Says WikiLeaks WIRED Vault 7 Wikileaks reveals details of CIA s hacks of Android iPhone Windows Linux MacOS and even Samsung TVs Computing 7 March 2017 Who Is Joshua Adam Schulte Former CIA Employee Charged Over Vault 7 Leak Newsweek 19 June 2018 Mathews Lee Equifax Data Breach Impacts 143 Million Americans Forbes September 7 2017 Mills Chris Equifax is already facing the largest class action lawsuit in US history BGR September 8 2017 Reise Sarah T 3 October 2017 State and Local Governments Move Swiftly to Sue Equifax The National Law Review Retrieved 7 October 2017 DeMarco Edward Washington Wrap Up ProQuest 2043172601 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help North Korea hackers stole South Korea U S military plans to wipe out North Korea leadership lawmaker Reuters Christine Kim October 10 2017 Graham Harrison Emma Cadwalladr Carole 17 March 2018 Revealed 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach The Guardian Archived from the original on 18 March 2018 Wong Julia Carrie Solon Olivia 2018 10 09 Google to shut down Google after failing to disclose user data breach The Guardian Retrieved 2018 10 10 MyFitness Pal Data Breach March 15 2018 Hacked www javarosa org Archived from the original on 2018 03 31 Retrieved 2018 04 03 Saks Lord amp Taylor breach Data stolen on 5 million cards CNNMoney April 2018 Retrieved 2018 04 03 Singapore health system hit by most serious breach of personal data in cyberattack PM Lee s data targeted Archived from the original on 2018 07 26 Retrieved 2018 07 20 Tham Irene 2018 07 20 Personal info of 1 5m SingHealth patients including PM Lee stolen in Singapore s worst cyber attack The Straits Times Everything you need to know about the Reddit data breach siliconrepublic com 2018 08 02 Retrieved 2018 12 05 Customer Data Theft British Airways Retrieved October 20 2018 Sandle Paul September 6 2018 BA apologizes after 380 000 customers hit in cyber attack Reuters Retrieved October 20 2018 US CMS says 75 000 individuals files accessed in data breach Deccan Chronicle October 20 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 Passwords from 100 million Quora users stolen in data breach December 4 2018 Archived from the original on 2022 01 12 Retrieved January 27 2019 Ng Alfred 16 January 2019 Fortnite had a security vulnerability that let hackers take over accounts CNET O Donnell Lindsey 31 August 2020 Stolen Fortnite Accounts Earn Hackers Millions Per Year threat post Batchelor James 12 August 2019 Epic Games faces class action lawsuit over Fortnite data breach GamesIndustry biz Australian tech unicorn Canva suffers security breach ZDNet Retrieved 2019 12 07 139 Million Users Hit in Canva Data Breach Tom s Guide 24 May 2019 Retrieved 2019 12 07 Hacker causes mass data breach in Bulgaria Archived from the original on 2020 09 29 Retrieved 2019 07 17 Database leaks data on most of Ecuador s citizens including 6 7 million children ZDNet September 16 2019 Retrieved 2019 09 16 Wattpad data breach exposes account info for millions of users Sanger David E Perlroth Nicole Schmitt Eric 15 December 2020 Scope of Russian Hacking Becomes Clear Multiple U S Agencies Were Hit The New York Times Microsoft hack 3 000 UK email servers remain unsecured BBC News 2021 03 12 Retrieved 2021 03 12 Diaz Struck Emilia et al 3 October 2021 Pandora Papers An offshore data tsunami The Pandora Papers s 11 9 million records arrived from 14 different offshore services firms in a jumble of files and formats even ink on paper presenting a massive data management challenge International Consortium of Investigative Journalists Retrieved 5 October 2021 Faife Corin 3 March 2022 Anonymous linked group hacks Russian space research site claims to leak mission files The Verge Retrieved 9 March 2022 updated Jody Macgregor last 2022 09 18 Huge GTA 6 leak includes gameplay footage of robbery Vice City locations and two playable characters PC Gamer Retrieved 2022 12 17 External links Edit Data Loss Database permanent dead link is a research project aimed at documenting known and reported data loss incidents world wide Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals Breaches reported to the U S Department of Health and Human Services by HIPAA covered entities Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Data breach amp oldid 1132406843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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