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Election commission

November 17, 2023

This article is about bodies which oversee elections. For bodies which elect people to particular offices, see Electoral college.

An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission,[1] a central[2] or state election commission,[3] an election board,[4] an electoral council[5] or an electoral court.[6] Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner[according to whom?].

Electoral models edit

Independent model edit

In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa.

Branch model edit

In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch. Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela.

Mixed model edit

In the mixed-model there is an independent board to determine policy, but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board. Countries with such a model include Cameroon, France, Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain.

Executive model edit

In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government, and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body. Countries with this model include Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia.

In the United States, elections for federal, state, and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government.[7]

Judicial model edit

In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special "electoral court". Countries with such a model include Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.

List of election commissions edit

Election commissions in Africa edit

As of 2021, 53 out of 55 African nations (save for Eritrea and Somalia, which do not hold elections) use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections. First introduced in the Sudan in 1957, election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi-party democracy in the early 1990s.[18]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Australian Electoral Commission". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  2. ^ Alvarez-Rivera, Manuel. "Elections to the Latvian Saeima (Parliament)". Election Resources on the Internet. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  3. ^ a b "SC State Election Commission: About Us". SCVotes. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Oklahoma State Election Board". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  5. ^ a b "T.C. Yüksek Seçim Kurulu" [Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey]. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  6. ^ a b . Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  7. ^ "About Us". Florida Division of Elections. Florida Department of State. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  8. ^ "Electoral Commission Malta". Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Newstream" 중앙선거위원회 보도 [Report of the Central Election Committee] (in Korean). Korean Central News Agency. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  10. ^ "Florida Elections Commission". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  11. ^ "Office of Elections: Elections Commission: About Us". State of Hawaii. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  13. ^ "Maryland, The State Board of Elections". Maryland.org: State of Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  14. ^ "New York State, Board of Elections". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  15. ^ "North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  16. ^ "Commonwealth of Virginia: Department of Elections: State Board of Elections". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  17. ^ "Wisconsin Elections Commission". Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  18. ^ Marzin, Régis (2021). Les commissions électorales et le retour du multipartisme entre 1990 et 1994 en Afrique, Historique des commissions électorales de 1957 à 2021 (in French).

External links edit

  • Association of European Election Officials

November 17, 2023
election, commission, this, article, about, bodies, which, oversee, elections, bodies, which, elect, people, particular, offices, electoral, college, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citat. This article is about bodies which oversee elections For bodies which elect people to particular offices see Electoral college This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Election commission news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may be styled an electoral commission 1 a central 2 or state election commission 3 an election board 4 an electoral council 5 or an electoral court 6 Election commissions can be independent mixed judicial or executive They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner according to whom Contents 1 Electoral models 1 1 Independent model 1 2 Branch model 1 3 Mixed model 1 4 Executive model 1 5 Judicial model 2 List of election commissions 3 Election commissions in Africa 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksElectoral models editIndependent model edit In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget Countries with an independent election commission include Australia Bangladesh Canada India Jordan Nigeria Pakistan Poland Romania South Africa South Korea Sri Lanka Thailand and the United Kingdom In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e g section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa Branch model edit In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch and is usually a constitutionally recognized separate branch of government with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia Costa Rica Panama Nicaragua and Venezuela Mixed model edit In the mixed model there is an independent board to determine policy but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board Countries with such a model include Cameroon France Germany Japan Senegal and Spain Executive model edit In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body Countries with this model include Denmark Singapore Sweden Switzerland Tunisia In the United States elections for federal state and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government 7 Judicial model edit In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special electoral court Countries with such a model include Argentina Brazil and Mexico List of election commissions editAfghanistan Independent Election Commission defunct since 2021 Election Complaints Commission defunct since 2021 Albania Central Election Commission Argentina Direccion Nacional Electoral Camara Nacional Electoral Australia Australian Electoral Commission 1 Australian Capital Territory Electoral Commission New South Wales Electoral Commission Northern Territory Electoral Commission Queensland Electoral Commission South Australia Electoral Commission Tasmania Electoral Commission Victoria Electoral Commission Western Australia Electoral Commission Bangladesh Election Commission Belarus Central Election Commission Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission Bolivia Plurinational Electoral Organ since 2010 National Electoral Court defunct since 2010 Belgium Federal Public Service Interior Brazil Superior Electoral Court 6 Regional Electoral Courts Cambodia National Election Committee Canada Elections Canada Elections Quebec Elections Alberta Elections BC Elections Manitoba Elections New Brunswick Elections Newfoundland amp Labrador Elections Nova Scotia Elections Nunavut Elections NWT Elections Ontario Elections Prince Edward Island Elections Saskatchewan Elections Yukon Chile Electoral Service China excl Hong Kong and Macau Election Committees for Local People s Congress elections only Colombia National Electoral Council Costa Rica Supreme Electoral Court Cuba National Election Council es Cyprus Central Elections Office Democratic Republic of the Congo Independent National Electoral Commission Ecuador National Electoral Council Electoral Contentious Tribunal es Egypt High Elections Committee Ethiopia National Election Board Fiji Electoral Commission France Constitutional Council Germany Federal Returning Officer Ghana Electoral Commission Guyana Elections Commission Haiti Provisional Electoral Council Hong Kong Electoral Affairs Commission Iceland National Electoral Commission India Election Commission Indonesia General Elections Commission Iran Guardian Council Iraq Independent High Electoral Commission Ireland Electoral Commission Israel Central Elections Committee Italy Central Directorate for Electoral Services Japan Central Election Management Council Jordan Independent Election Commission Kazakhstan Central Election Commission Kenya Interim Independent Electoral Commission since 2008 Electoral Commission defunct since 2008 Kosovo Central Election Commission Kosovo sq Lao National Election Committee Lao Liberia National Elections Commission Libya High National Election Commission Macau Electoral Affairs Commission Macau Malaysia Election Commission Malta Electoral Commission 8 Mexico National Electoral Institute Federal Electoral Tribunal Moldova Central Election Commission Myanmar Burma Union Electoral Commission Nepal Election Commission Netherlands Electoral Council nl New Zealand Electoral Commission Nicaragua Supreme Electoral Council Nigeria Independent National Electoral Commission North Korea Central Election Committee North Korea 9 Northern Cyprus High Electoral Board Norway Norwegian Directorate of Elections Pakistan Election Commission Palestine Central Elections Commission Philippines Commission on Elections Once a winner is proclaimed only these tribunals can rule on election matters Presidential Electoral Tribunal entirely composed of the Supreme Court Senate Electoral Tribunal House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal Regional Trial Courts for local officials Poland National Electoral Commission Portugal National Elections Commission Portugal pt Russia Central Election Commission Singapore Elections Department Slovenia State Election Commission Drzavna volilna komisija Somaliland National Electoral Commission South Africa Independent Electoral Commission South Korea National Election Commission Spain Junta Electoral Central Sri Lanka Election Commission of Sri Lanka Sweden Election Authority Taiwan Republic of China Central Election Commission Tanzania National Electoral Commission Thailand Election Commission Tunisia Independent High Authority for Elections Turkey Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey 5 Ukraine Central Election Commission United Kingdom Electoral Commission United States Election Assistance Commission serves as a national clearinghouse and resource regarding election administration establishes best practices and provides financial aid to state electoral systems Federal Election Commission regulates campaign finance legislation Electoral Commission a special commission for the 1876 presidential election Florida Florida Election Commission 10 Hawaii Hawaii Elections Commission 11 Illinois Illinois State Board of Elections 12 Maryland Maryland State Board of Elections 13 New York New York State Board of Elections 14 North Carolina North Carolina State Board of Elections amp Ethics Enforcement 15 Oklahoma Oklahoma State Election Board 4 Puerto Rico State Elections Commission South Carolina South Carolina State Election Commission 3 Virginia Virginia State Board of Elections 16 Wisconsin Wisconsin Elections Commission 17 Uruguay Electoral Court Venezuela National Electoral Council Vietnam National Election Council Vietnam Zimbabwe Electoral CommissionElection commissions in Africa editThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed November 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message As of 2021 53 out of 55 African nations save for Eritrea and Somalia which do not hold elections use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections First introduced in the Sudan in 1957 election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi party democracy in the early 1990s 18 See also editElectoral college a body which elects a candidate to a particular office Association of Central and Eastern European Election Officials Association of African Election Authorities Court of Disputed ReturnsReferences edit a b Australian Electoral Commission Retrieved December 15 2018 Alvarez Rivera Manuel Elections to the Latvian Saeima Parliament Election Resources on the Internet Retrieved December 15 2018 a b SC State Election Commission About Us SCVotes Retrieved December 15 2018 a b Oklahoma State Election Board Retrieved December 15 2018 a b T C Yuksek Secim Kurulu Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey Retrieved December 15 2018 a b Superior Electoral Court Brazil TSE Archived from the original on November 16 2020 Retrieved December 15 2018 About Us Florida Division of Elections Florida Department of State Retrieved 13 February 2017 Electoral Commission Malta Retrieved 6 August 2023 Newstream 중앙선거위원회 보도 Report of the Central Election Committee in Korean Korean Central News Agency 7 March 2019 Retrieved 7 March 2019 Florida Elections Commission Retrieved December 15 2018 Office of Elections Elections Commission About Us State of Hawaii Retrieved December 15 2018 Illinois State Board of Elections Archived from the original on June 21 2019 Retrieved December 15 2018 Maryland The State Board of Elections Maryland org State of Maryland Retrieved December 15 2018 New York State Board of Elections Retrieved December 15 2018 North Carolina State Board of Elections amp Ethics Enforcement Retrieved December 15 2018 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Elections State Board of Elections Retrieved December 15 2018 Wisconsin Elections Commission Retrieved December 15 2018 Marzin Regis 2021 Les commissions electorales et le retour du multipartisme entre 1990 et 1994 en Afrique Historique des commissions electorales de 1957 a 2021 in French External links editAssociation of Asian Election Authorities Association of European Election Officials Portals nbsp Law nbsp Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Election commission amp oldid 1179825417, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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