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Wikipedia

Hypermedia

March 04, 2023

Look up hypermedia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Hypermedia, an extension of the term hypertext, is a nonlinear medium of information that includes graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks. This designation contrasts with the broader term multimedia, which may include non-interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia. It is also related to the field of electronic literature. The term was first used in a 1965 article written by Ted Nelson.[1][2]

The World Wide Web is a classic example of hypermedia to access web content, whereas a non-interactive cinema presentation is an example of standard multimedia due to the absence of hyperlinks.

The first hypermedia work was, arguably, the Aspen Movie Map. Bill Atkinson's HyperCard popularized hypermedia writing, while a variety of literary hypertext and hypertext works, fiction and non-fiction, demonstrated the promise of links. Most modern hypermedia is delivered via electronic pages from a variety of systems including media players, web browsers, and stand-alone applications (i.e., software that does not require network access). Audio hypermedia is emerging with voice command devices and voice browsing.[3]

Development tools

Hypermedia may be developed in a number of ways. Any programming tool can be used to write programs that link data from internal variables and nodes for external data files. Multimedia development software such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Director, Macromedia Authorware, and MatchWare Mediator may be used to create stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on entertainment content. Some database software, such as Visual FoxPro and FileMaker Developer, may be used to develop stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on educational and business content management.

Hypermedia applications may be developed on embedded devices for the mobile and the digital signage industries using the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) specification from W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). Software applications, such as Ikivo Animator and Inkscape, simplify the development of hypermedia content based on SVG. Embedded devices, such as the iPhone, natively support SVG specifications and may be used to create mobile and distributed hypermedia applications.

Hyperlinks may also be added to data files using most business software via the limited scripting and hyperlinking features built in. Documentation software, such as the Microsoft Office Suite and LibreOffice, allow for hypertext links to other content within the same file, other external files, and URL links to files on external file servers. For more emphasis on graphics and page layout, hyperlinks may be added using most modern desktop publishing tools. This includes presentation programs, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice Impress, add-ons to print layout programs such as Quark Immedia, and tools to include hyperlinks in PDF documents such as Adobe InDesign for creating and Adobe Acrobat for editing. Hyper Publish is a tool specifically designed and optimized for hypermedia and hypertext management. Any HTML editor may be used to build HTML files, accessible by any web browser. CD/DVD authoring tools, such as DVD Studio Pro, may be used to hyperlink the content of DVDs for DVD players or web links when the disc is played on a personal computer connected to the internet.

Learning

There have been a number of theories concerning hypermedia and learning. One important claim in the literature on hypermedia and learning is that it offers more control over the instructional environment for the reader or student. Another claim is that it levels the playing field among students of varying abilities and enhances collaborative learning. A claim from psychology includes the notion that hypermedia more closely models the structure of the brain, in comparison with printed text.[4]

Application programming interfaces

Hypermedia is used as a medium and constraint in certain application programming interfaces. HATEOAS, Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State, is a constraint of the REST application architecture where a client interacts with the server entirely through hypermedia provided dynamically by application servers. This means that in theory no API documentation is needed, because the client needs no prior knowledge about how to interact with any particular application or server beyond a generic understanding of hypermedia. In other service-oriented architectures (SOA), clients and servers interact through a fixed interface shared through documentation or an interface description language (IDL).

See also

References

  1. ^ http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=806036 Complex information processing: a file structure for the complex, the changing and the indeterminate
  2. ^ Rettberg, Jill Walker. "Complex Information Processing: A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate". Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice.
  3. ^ Goose, Stuart; Hall, Wendy (1995). "The development of a sound viewer for an open hypermedia system". New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia. 1 (1). doi:10.1080/13614569508914668.
  4. ^ Terry K. Borsook, Nancy Higginbotham-Wheat. A Psychology of Hypermedia: A Conceptual Framework for R&D. 1992. Retrieved August 3, 2010.

Further reading

  • Hicks, David L.; John J. Leggett; Peter J. Nürnberg; John L. Schnase (1998). "A hypermedia version control framework". ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 16 (2): 127–160. doi:10.1145/279339.279341. ISSN 1046-8188.
  • Dave, Pratik; Unmil P. Karadkar; Richard Furuta; Luis Francisco-Revilla; Frank Shipman; Suvendu Dash; Zubin Dalal (2003). "Browsing intricately interconnected paths". Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HYPERTEXT '03. p. 95. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.524.9176. doi:10.1145/900051.900071. ISBN 978-1581137040.
  • Geißler, Jörg (1995). "Surfing the movie space". Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '95. pp. 391–400. doi:10.1145/217279.215303. ISBN 978-0897917513.
  • Jones, Steve (2003). Encyclopedia of New Media. Sage Publications. doi:10.4135/9781412950657. ISBN 9781412950657.
  • Lister, Martin; et al. (2003). New Media: A Critical Introduction (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415223782.

March 04, 2023
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Look up hypermedia in Wiktionary the free dictionary Hypermedia an extension of the term hypertext is a nonlinear medium of information that includes graphics audio video plain text and hyperlinks This designation contrasts with the broader term multimedia which may include non interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia It is also related to the field of electronic literature The term was first used in a 1965 article written by Ted Nelson 1 2 The World Wide Web is a classic example of hypermedia to access web content whereas a non interactive cinema presentation is an example of standard multimedia due to the absence of hyperlinks The first hypermedia work was arguably the Aspen Movie Map Bill Atkinson s HyperCard popularized hypermedia writing while a variety of literary hypertext and hypertext works fiction and non fiction demonstrated the promise of links Most modern hypermedia is delivered via electronic pages from a variety of systems including media players web browsers and stand alone applications i e software that does not require network access Audio hypermedia is emerging with voice command devices and voice browsing 3 Contents 1 Development tools 2 Learning 3 Application programming interfaces 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingDevelopment tools EditHypermedia may be developed in a number of ways Any programming tool can be used to write programs that link data from internal variables and nodes for external data files Multimedia development software such as Adobe Flash Adobe Director Macromedia Authorware and MatchWare Mediator may be used to create stand alone hypermedia applications with emphasis on entertainment content Some database software such as Visual FoxPro and FileMaker Developer may be used to develop stand alone hypermedia applications with emphasis on educational and business content management Hypermedia applications may be developed on embedded devices for the mobile and the digital signage industries using the Scalable Vector Graphics SVG specification from W3C World Wide Web Consortium Software applications such as Ikivo Animator and Inkscape simplify the development of hypermedia content based on SVG Embedded devices such as the iPhone natively support SVG specifications and may be used to create mobile and distributed hypermedia applications Hyperlinks may also be added to data files using most business software via the limited scripting and hyperlinking features built in Documentation software such as the Microsoft Office Suite and LibreOffice allow for hypertext links to other content within the same file other external files and URL links to files on external file servers For more emphasis on graphics and page layout hyperlinks may be added using most modern desktop publishing tools This includes presentation programs such as Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice Impress add ons to print layout programs such as Quark Immedia and tools to include hyperlinks in PDF documents such as Adobe InDesign for creating and Adobe Acrobat for editing Hyper Publish is a tool specifically designed and optimized for hypermedia and hypertext management Any HTML editor may be used to build HTML files accessible by any web browser CD DVD authoring tools such as DVD Studio Pro may be used to hyperlink the content of DVDs for DVD players or web links when the disc is played on a personal computer connected to the internet Learning EditThere have been a number of theories concerning hypermedia and learning One important claim in the literature on hypermedia and learning is that it offers more control over the instructional environment for the reader or student Another claim is that it levels the playing field among students of varying abilities and enhances collaborative learning A claim from psychology includes the notion that hypermedia more closely models the structure of the brain in comparison with printed text 4 Application programming interfaces EditHypermedia is used as a medium and constraint in certain application programming interfaces HATEOAS Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State is a constraint of the REST application architecture where a client interacts with the server entirely through hypermedia provided dynamically by application servers This means that in theory no API documentation is needed because the client needs no prior knowledge about how to interact with any particular application or server beyond a generic understanding of hypermedia In other service oriented architectures SOA clients and servers interact through a fixed interface shared through documentation or an interface description language IDL See also EditCybertext Electronic literature Hyperland is a 1990 documentary film that focuses on Douglas Adams and explains adaptive hypertext and hypermedia MetamediaReferences Edit http portal acm org citation cfm id 806036 Complex information processing a file structure for the complex the changing and the indeterminate Rettberg Jill Walker Complex Information Processing A File Structure for the Complex the Changing and the Indeterminate Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice Goose Stuart Hall Wendy 1995 The development of a sound viewer for an open hypermedia system New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 1 1 doi 10 1080 13614569508914668 Terry K Borsook Nancy Higginbotham Wheat A Psychology of Hypermedia A Conceptual Framework for R amp D 1992 Retrieved August 3 2010 Further reading EditHicks David L John J Leggett Peter J Nurnberg John L Schnase 1998 A hypermedia version control framework ACM Transactions on Information Systems 16 2 127 160 doi 10 1145 279339 279341 ISSN 1046 8188 Dave Pratik Unmil P Karadkar Richard Furuta Luis Francisco Revilla Frank Shipman Suvendu Dash Zubin Dalal 2003 Browsing intricately interconnected paths Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia HYPERTEXT 03 p 95 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 524 9176 doi 10 1145 900051 900071 ISBN 978 1581137040 Geissler Jorg 1995 Surfing the movie space Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia MULTIMEDIA 95 pp 391 400 doi 10 1145 217279 215303 ISBN 978 0897917513 Jones Steve 2003 Encyclopedia of New Media Sage Publications doi 10 4135 9781412950657 ISBN 9781412950657 Lister Martin et al 2003 New Media A Critical Introduction 2nd ed New York Routledge ISBN 978 0415223782 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hypermedia amp oldid 1066943539, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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